EP0111213A2 - Apparatus and method for pouring molten metal - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for pouring molten metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0111213A2 EP0111213A2 EP83111706A EP83111706A EP0111213A2 EP 0111213 A2 EP0111213 A2 EP 0111213A2 EP 83111706 A EP83111706 A EP 83111706A EP 83111706 A EP83111706 A EP 83111706A EP 0111213 A2 EP0111213 A2 EP 0111213A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotation chamber
- pouring device
- compact unit
- molten metal
- outlet opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095399 enema Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gate device for casting of metal melts, as it is characterized in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for V pour molten metal with a gate device.
- Pieces of the increasing quality requirements of castings in respect of improvement of the purity and the demand for reduction in manufacturing cost by reducing the cleaning and post-processing expenditure of USS G are the occasion to use improved casting techniques.
- the improvement of the casting technology includes the use of pouring dies with partitions and / or constrictions, which are intended to catch slag and non-metallic inclusions from the pouring stream. This also includes so-called rotating pots and swirl funnels or rotation chambers.
- the object on which the present invention is based is to propose a casting device for casting metal melts which can be used several times, which results in a substantially higher level of economy and by means of which the separation of non-metallic inclusions is achieved as optimally as possible.
- the invention is intended to make it possible to use a pouring device not only in the casting of quality steels, but also in the case of simple alloy steels, gray and nodular cast iron and non-ferrous metal castings which do not tolerate high costs for additional techniques to improve the quality properties.
- a method according to the invention to be created is intended to simplify and improve the casting of molten metal with simultaneous deposition of non-metallic inclusions.
- the design of the pouring device as a compact unit which can be placed on or against the casting system of the mold, enables its multiple use in connection with the use of erosion-resistant and refractory material.
- the removability of the casting material solidified in the rotation chamber and the formation of the outlet part with a discharge gradient ensure that when the pouring device is used again, no metallic material from its previous use is present, so that its constant functionality is guaranteed.
- Removability of the solidified casting material is facilitated by the conical design of the rotation chamber and the rounded transition between the bottom and the peripheral wall.
- the as small as possible bottom sump which is characterized by the space between the bottom and the lower edge of the outlet opening and has a height of up to 50% - preferably between 5 and 20% - of the total height of the rotation chamber, makes the solidified residual content decisive compared to that of the known Whirl funnel reduced, creating a significant improvement the economy of casting molten metal is given.
- the metal yield per casting is significantly improved and a higher utilization of the melting capacity is achieved, which is ultimately reflected in an energy saving.
- the pouring device according to the invention no longer has any joints which can be rinsed out or through which liquid metal can break through. This completely avoids the fact that the vortex funnel itself can become a source of non-metallic inclusions.
- the outlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a horizontal slot and the molten metal emerges from the rotation chamber in the radial direction.
- the length of the horizontal slot is greater than its width, which ensures a largely loss-free radial escape of the molten metal.
- the molten metal leaves the rotation chamber via a circular outlet opening in the floor. It is advantageous if the circular outlet opening is not arranged in the center of the bottom, but eccentrically.
- the inlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a vertical slot and the molten metal flows into the rotation chamber in the tangential direction.
- the inlet into the rotation chamber is designed as a vertical slot, the length of which is greater than its width.
- the advantageous triangular arrangement of the rotation chamber, filler opening and outlet opening enables the compact trapezoidal design of the pouring device, as a result of which a material-saving design is achieved.
- the reusable compact unit is made of temperature change and erosion-resistant refractory raw materials such as Sealing firebrick, tabular clay, sintered mullite, corundum etc. built up.
- a feed device for an inert purge gas enables the liquid metal rotating in the rotation chamber to be purged with an inert gas.
- This has the advantage that the oxygen carried in during the filling of the pouring device is immediately removed again, so that an essential source of formation for the formation of non-metallic inclusions is thereby eliminated.
- flushing the rotary vortex with an inert flushing gas, in particular with argon increases the deposition effect of existing, non-metallic, macroscopic and, above all, microscopic inclusions in a way that was not to be expected.
- the purge gas supply device is made using a gas permeable bottom portion such as e.g. a gas purging plug on the bottom of the rotation chamber.
- the pouring device according to the invention has an addition chamber for inoculants. Accordingly, vaccination with inoculation metals, e.g. Magnesium or silicon. Since the vaccination is carried out in a rotating pouring stream, the vaccination effect is improved and the vaccine metal can be used more economically and better.
- inoculation metals e.g. Magnesium or silicon. Since the vaccination is carried out in a rotating pouring stream, the vaccination effect is improved and the vaccine metal can be used more economically and better.
- the addition chamber is advantageously arranged diametrically opposite the outlet cross-section as a pocket or opening for receiving or feeding in the inoculant.
- the inoculation metal can be placed in this pocket or chamber before the start of pouring or can be fed continuously in the form of a wire or a granulate through the opening.
- the supply of the seed metal in the rotating metal stream results in a better mixing of the seed metal and thus a higher effectiveness.
- the fact that the inoculants are added at the lowest point of the enema system, that is in the area of the highest ferrostatic pressure, ensures that the burn-off losses of the inoculation metal are as low as possible.
- the outlet cross section is closed with a metal plate by filling with the gate device Metal melt melts.
- the new pouring device has the advantage that it can be cast while avoiding air.
- the pouring device is flanged directly to the casting system of the mold via a tongue and groove connection. This eliminates the otherwise necessary pouring funnel, through which atmospheric oxygen is sucked into the liquid melt.
- This reusable compact unit combines the advantages of the well-known rotating pellet and the pouring plunger and creates optimal hydraulic flow conditions in a confined space for separating non-metallic inclusions. In addition, the separation of non-metallic inclusions is improved by gas purging. Furthermore, this reusable compact unit has made it possible to cast under the exclusion of air if the compact unit is connected directly to the casting system via a tongue and groove connection.
- the invention further relates to a method for casting molten metal, in which the rotating molten metal is flushed with an inert gas and / or, if appropriate, a vaccine is added.
- An inert gas can also be fed into the casting mold before the start of casting, so that the oxygen partial pressure of the casting chamber atmosphere is significantly reduced.
- inert gases such as argon or nitrogen can also be used for flushing.
- argon or nitrogen can also be used for flushing.
- the pouring device designed as a compact unit consists of an inlet part 1, a rotation chamber 2, preferably with a circular cross section, with a base 5 and an outlet part 4.
- the inlet part 1 opens into the rotation chamber 2 with an inlet opening 7 and the outlet part 4 is via the Outlet opening 6 connected to the rotation chamber 2.
- the upper area of the inlet part 1 is designed as a funnel 8 and has a filling opening 14.
- the molten metal flows into the rotation chamber 2 via the funnel 8.
- the inlet opening 7 is designed as a vertical slot. This slot-shaped design is necessary so that the liquid metal stream can enter tangentially into the rotation chamber 2 in accordance with arrow 11 (see FIG. 2) in order to generate a strong swirl.
- the outlet opening 6 is designed as a horizontal slot radially to the rotation chamber, so that the rotating liquid metal leaves the rotation chamber 2 in the radial direction according to arrow 12.
- the outlet part 4 has a discharge gradient up to the outlet opening 15, which is preferably directed downward, so that no liquid metal can remain in the outlet part 4.
- the outlet opening 6, which is designed as a horizontal slot and is arranged radially, ensures a space-saving design and a low bottom sump height H in good flow conditions. So that no metal melt remains in the inlet nozzle, the bottom edge of the inlet opening 7 must be at the same height or higher than the bottom edge of the outlet opening 6 .
- the ratio of width to height at the inlet opening and at the outlet opening should preferably be in a range from 1.5: 1 to 4: 1.
- the rotation chamber 2 is conical from at least up to the lower edge of the outlet opening 6 designed to expand from the bottom upwards, the taper being at least 1%
- This height H of the so-called bottom sump is 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 20%, of the total height of the rotation chamber 2.
- the transition from the bottom 5 to the peripheral wall of the rotation chamber is rounded.
- the lower edge of the outlet opening 6 can also be arranged with the bottom 5, so that the rotation chamber is completely emptied.
- the rotation chamber has at the bottom 5 a gas-permeable bottom part 9, e.g. a ceramic gas purging plug, which with a pipe 10 is a feed device for an inert purging gas, e.g. Argon forms.
- the feed device can also be arranged such that the inert gas is guided radially or tangentially into the rotation chamber.
- the rotation chamber 2, the filler opening 14 and the outlet opening 15 are arranged in a triangular arrangement with respect to one another, as viewed from above, whereby the compact unit can be made trapezoidal in terms of material in the same view.
- FIG 2 is also the operation of the inventions according to the pouring device again clarified.
- the metal melt entering the inlet part 1 via the funnel 8 flows through the inlet opening 7 into the rotation chamber 2.
- the arrangement of the inlet opening 7 ensures that the metal melt enters the rotation chamber 2 in the tangential direction according to arrow 11. This causes the liquid metal to rotate vigorously.
- the metal melt rotating in the rotation chamber 2 can be mixed with inoculant via an addition chamber 3.
- the addition chamber 3 is preferably arranged diametrically opposite the outlet opening 6.
- the molten metal enters the outlet part 4 through the outlet opening 6 in the radial direction according to arrow 12.
- the outlet opening 6 may be closed with a metal plate, which melts after the pouring device is filled with molten metal.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment, which is characterized in that the molten metal does not exit radially but vertically downwards.
- the outlet opening 13 is advantageously arranged eccentrically on the base 5.
- the pouring device according to the invention can be used several times in succession without impairing its functionality.
Abstract
Eine als wiederverwendbare Kompakteinheit ausgebildete Eingussvorrichtung weist einen Einlaufteil (1), eine Rotationskammer (2) und einen Auslaufteil (4) auf. Der Einlaufteil (1) schliesst tangential an die Rotationskammer (2) an, wobei die Eintrittsöffnung (7) als senkrechter Schlitz ausgebildet ist. Die Austrittsöffnung (6) an der Rotationskammer (2) ist als waagrechter Schlitz ausgebildet, wobei der Auslaufteil (4) radial an die Rotationskammer (2) anschliesst und ein Abflussgefälle aufweist. Die Eingussvorrichtung ist aus erosionsbeständigem feuerfestem Material hergestellt und auf bez. an das Giesssystem einer Form setzbar.A pouring device designed as a reusable compact unit has an inlet part (1), a rotation chamber (2) and an outlet part (4). The inlet part (1) connects tangentially to the rotation chamber (2), the inlet opening (7) being designed as a vertical slot. The outlet opening (6) on the rotation chamber (2) is designed as a horizontal slot, the outlet part (4) connecting radially to the rotation chamber (2) and having a discharge gradient. The pouring device is made of erosion-resistant refractory material and based on can be placed on the casting system of a mold.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Eingussvorrichtung zum Vergiessen von Metallschmelzen, wie sie im Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet ist, sowie ein Verfahren zum Vergiessen von Metallschmelze mit einer Eingussvorrichtung.The invention relates to a gate device for casting of metal melts, as it is characterized in the preamble of
Die steigenden Qualitätsanforderungen an Gussstücke in Bezug auf Verbesserung des Reinheitsgrades und die Forderung nach Senkung der Herstellungskosten durch Verminderung des Putz- und Nachbearbeitungsaufwandes an Guss- stücken sind der Anlass, verbesserte Giesstechniken einzusetzen. Zur Verbesserung der Giesstechnik gehört der Einsatz von Giesstümpeln mit Trennwänden und/oder Einschnürungen, die Schlacken und nicht-metallische Einschlüsse aus dem Giessstrom abfangen sollen. Ferner gehören hierzu sogenannte Drehmasseln und Wirbeltrichter bzw. Rotationskammern.Pieces of the increasing quality requirements of castings in respect of improvement of the purity and the demand for reduction in manufacturing cost by reducing the cleaning and post-processing expenditure of USS G are the occasion to use improved casting techniques. The improvement of the casting technology includes the use of pouring dies with partitions and / or constrictions, which are intended to catch slag and non-metallic inclusions from the pouring stream. This also includes so-called rotating pots and swirl funnels or rotation chambers.
In der deutschen Patentschrift 21 59 964 ist ein derartiger Wirbeltrichter beschrieben, der in erster Linie bei hochlegiertem Stahlguss für Reaktorteile, Pumpen, Turbinengehäuse usw. eingesetzt wird. Dieser bekannte Wirbeltrichter ist als Wirbelstromkammer ausgebildet, die aus mindestens drei übereinandergeschichteten Elementen besteht, von denen jedes aus Bausteinen zusammengesetzt. ' ist, welche unabhängig von den anderen Elementen aus- , tauschbar sind. Dieser Wirbeltrichter kann nur einmal verwendet werden.In the German patent specification 21 59 964, such a vortex funnel is described, which is primarily used for high-alloy cast steel is used for reactor parts, pumps, turbine housings, etc. This known vortex funnel is designed as an eddy current chamber, which consists of at least three superimposed elements, each of which is composed of building blocks. 'which are interchangeable, independent of the other elements. This vortex funnel can only be used once.
Ferner wird in der Deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 29 50 393 ein Separator beschrieben, der aus vergasbarem Kunststoff hergestellt und in die Giessform mit eingestampft wird. Dieser Separator ist ebenfalls nur einmal verwendbar. Ferner besitzt er den Nachteil, da im Betriebszustand seine Wand im wesentlichen nur aus eingestampftem Formsand besteht, dass er sehr erosionsanfällig ist und dadurch selbst Quelle nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse werden kann.Furthermore, a separator is described in German Offenlegungsschrift DE 29 50 393, which is made of gasifiable plastic and is also stamped into the casting mold. This separator can also only be used once. It also has the disadvantage that, in the operating state, its wall consists essentially only of stamped-in molding sand, that it is very susceptible to erosion and can therefore itself become a source of non-metallic inclusions.
Die der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht darin, eine Eingussvorrichtung zum Vergiessen von Metallschmelzen vorzuschlagen, die mehrfach benutzt werden kann, wodurch eine wesentlich höhere Wirtschaftlichkeit gegeben ist und mittels welcher die Abscheidung nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse möglichst optimal erreicht wird. Mit der Erfindung soll es ermöglicht werden, eine Eingussvorrichtung nicht nur beim Giessen von Qualitätsstählen einzusetzen, sondern auch bei einfach legierten Stählen, Grau- und Sphäroguss sowie Nichteisenmetallguss, die keine hohen Kostenbelastungen für Zusatztechniken zur Verbesserung der Qualitätseigenschaften vertragen. Ein zu schaffendes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren soll das Vergiessen von Metallschmelze bei gleichzeitiger Abscheidung nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse vereinfachen und verbessern.The object on which the present invention is based is to propose a casting device for casting metal melts which can be used several times, which results in a substantially higher level of economy and by means of which the separation of non-metallic inclusions is achieved as optimally as possible. The invention is intended to make it possible to use a pouring device not only in the casting of quality steels, but also in the case of simple alloy steels, gray and nodular cast iron and non-ferrous metal castings which do not tolerate high costs for additional techniques to improve the quality properties. A method according to the invention to be created is intended to simplify and improve the casting of molten metal with simultaneous deposition of non-metallic inclusions.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Einrichtungsanspruches 1 und des Verfahrensanspruches 13 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of
Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet.Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the remaining claims.
Durch die Ausbildung der Eingussvorrichtung als Kompakteinheit, welche auf bzw. an das Giesssystem der Form setzbar ist, wird im Zusammenhang mit der Verwendung von erosionsbeständigem und feuerfestem Material deren Mehrfachverwendbarkeit ermöglicht. Durch die Entnehmbarkeit des in der Rotationskammer erstarrten Giessmaterials und durch die Ausbildung des Auslaufteils mit Abfluss-Gefälle ist gewährleistet, dass bei der nochmaligen Verwendung der Eingussvorrichtung kein metallisches Material von deren vorhergehenden Verwendung vorhanden ist, so dass deren immer gleichbleibende Funktionsfähigkeit gewährleistet ist.The design of the pouring device as a compact unit, which can be placed on or against the casting system of the mold, enables its multiple use in connection with the use of erosion-resistant and refractory material. The removability of the casting material solidified in the rotation chamber and the formation of the outlet part with a discharge gradient ensure that when the pouring device is used again, no metallic material from its previous use is present, so that its constant functionality is guaranteed.
Die Entnehmbarkeit des erstarrten Giessmaterials wird durch die konische Ausbildung der Rotationskammer und den abgerundeten Uebergang zwischen dem Boden und der Umfangswand erleichtert.Removability of the solidified casting material is facilitated by the conical design of the rotation chamber and the rounded transition between the bottom and the peripheral wall.
Durch einen möglichst kleinen Bodensumpf, welcher durch den Raum zwischen dem Boden und der Unterkante der Austrittsöffnung gekennzeichnet ist und eine Höhe bis zu 50 % - vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 20 % - der Gesamthöhe der Rotationskammer aufweist, wird der erstarrte Restinhalt entscheidend gegenüber dem der bekannten Wirbeltrichter reduziert, wodurch eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit beim Vergiessen von Metallschmelzen gegeben ist.The as small as possible bottom sump, which is characterized by the space between the bottom and the lower edge of the outlet opening and has a height of up to 50% - preferably between 5 and 20% - of the total height of the rotation chamber, makes the solidified residual content decisive compared to that of the known Whirl funnel reduced, creating a significant improvement the economy of casting molten metal is given.
Hierdurch wird das Metallausbringen je Gussstück entscheidend verbessert und eine höhere Ausnützung der Schmelzkapazität erreicht, was sich letztlich in einer Energieeinsparung niederschlägt. Die erfindungsgemässe Eingussvorrichtung besitzt keinerlei Fugen mehr, die ausgespült werden können oder durch die flüssiges Metall durchbrechen kann. Dadurch wird vollständig vermieden, dass der Wirbeltrichter selbst eine Quelle für nicht-metallische Einschlüsse werden kann.As a result, the metal yield per casting is significantly improved and a higher utilization of the melting capacity is achieved, which is ultimately reflected in an energy saving. The pouring device according to the invention no longer has any joints which can be rinsed out or through which liquid metal can break through. This completely avoids the fact that the vortex funnel itself can become a source of non-metallic inclusions.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Austrittsöffnung an der Rotationskammer als waagrechter Schlitz ausgebildet und die Metallschmelze tritt in radialer Richtung aus der Rotationskammer aus. Die Länge des waagrechten Schlitzes ist grösser als seine Breite, wodurch ein weitgehend verlustfreies radiales Austreten der Metallschmelze gewährleistet ist.Advantageously, the outlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a horizontal slot and the molten metal emerges from the rotation chamber in the radial direction. The length of the horizontal slot is greater than its width, which ensures a largely loss-free radial escape of the molten metal.
Es beeinträchtigt die Abscheidungswirkung der Rotationskammer in keiner Weise, wenn entsprechend einer Ausführungsvariante die Metallschmelze die Rotationskammer über eine kreisrunde Austrittsöffnung im Boden verlässt. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die kreisrunde Austrittsöffnung nicht in der Mitte des Bodens, sondern exzentrisch angeordnet ist.It does not affect the separation effect of the rotation chamber in any way if, according to one embodiment variant, the molten metal leaves the rotation chamber via a circular outlet opening in the floor. It is advantageous if the circular outlet opening is not arranged in the center of the bottom, but eccentrically.
Gemäss einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Eintrittsöffnung an der Rotationskammer als senkrechter Schlitz ausgebildet und die Metallschmelze strömt in tangentialer Richtung in die Rotationskammer. Dadurch, dass das flüssige Metall im Einlaufteil tangential in die Rotationskammer strömt wird es in Rotation versetzt. Der Einlauf in die Rotationskammer ist als senkrechter Schlitz ausgebildet, dessen Länge grösser ist als seine Breite.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the inlet opening on the rotation chamber is designed as a vertical slot and the molten metal flows into the rotation chamber in the tangential direction. Thereby, that the liquid metal flows tangentially into the rotation chamber in the inlet part, it is set in rotation. The inlet into the rotation chamber is designed as a vertical slot, the length of which is greater than its width.
Die vorteilhafte dreiecksförmige Anordnung von Rotationskammer, Einfüllöffnung und Auslauföffnung ermöglicht die kompakte trapezförmige Ausbildung der Eingussvorrichtung, wodurch eine materialsparende Bauweise erreicht wird. Die wiederverwendbare Kompakteinheit ist aus temperaturwechsel- und erosionsbeständigen Feuerfestrohstoffen wie z.B. Dichtbrandschamotte, Tabulartonerde, Sintermullit, Korund u.a.m. aufgebaut.The advantageous triangular arrangement of the rotation chamber, filler opening and outlet opening enables the compact trapezoidal design of the pouring device, as a result of which a material-saving design is achieved. The reusable compact unit is made of temperature change and erosion-resistant refractory raw materials such as Sealing firebrick, tabular clay, sintered mullite, corundum etc. built up.
Durch die vorteilhafte Anordnung einer Zuführeinrichtung für ein inertes Spülgas wird das Spülen des in der Rotationskammer rotierenden flüssigen Metalles mit einem inerten Gas ermöglicht. Dies bringt den Vorteil, dass der während des Füllens der Eingussvorrichtung eingeschleppte Sauerstoff sofort wieder entfernt wird, so dass dadurch eine wesentliche Entstehungsquelle zur Bildung nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse ausgeschaltet wird. Ferner erhöht die Durchspülung des Rotationswirbels mit einem inerten Spülgas, insbesondere mit Argon, die Abscheidungswirkung, bereits vorhandener, nicht-metallischer, makroskopischer und vor allen Dingen mikroskopischer.Einschlüsse in einer Weise, wie es nicht zu erwarten war. Ferner ist es über die Spülvorrichtung möglich, die gesamte Giessform vor Giessbeginn mit einem inerten Gas zu spülen, so dass der Sauerstoffpartialdruck in der Giessform entscheident erniedrigt wird.The advantageous arrangement of a feed device for an inert purge gas enables the liquid metal rotating in the rotation chamber to be purged with an inert gas. This has the advantage that the oxygen carried in during the filling of the pouring device is immediately removed again, so that an essential source of formation for the formation of non-metallic inclusions is thereby eliminated. Furthermore, flushing the rotary vortex with an inert flushing gas, in particular with argon, increases the deposition effect of existing, non-metallic, macroscopic and, above all, microscopic inclusions in a way that was not to be expected. Furthermore, it is possible via the flushing device to flush the entire casting mold with an inert gas before the start of casting, so that the partial pressure of oxygen in the casting mold is decisively reduced.
Vorzugsweise wird die Zuführvorrichtung für das Spülgas durch Verwendung eines gasdurchlässigen Bodenteiles wie z.B. eines Gasspülsteines am Boden.der Rotationskammer angeordnet.Preferably, the purge gas supply device is made using a gas permeable bottom portion such as e.g. a gas purging plug on the bottom of the rotation chamber.
Gemäss einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die erfindungsgemässe Eingussvorrichtung eine Zugabekammer für Impfmittel auf. Während des Giessens kann demgemäss eine Impfung mit Impfmetallen, z.B. Magnesium oder Silizium erfolgen. Da die Impfung in einem rotierenden Giessstrom erfolgt, wird der Impfeffekt verbessert und es ist eine wirtschaftlichere und bessere Ausnützung des Impfmetalles möglich.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the pouring device according to the invention has an addition chamber for inoculants. Accordingly, vaccination with inoculation metals, e.g. Magnesium or silicon. Since the vaccination is carried out in a rotating pouring stream, the vaccination effect is improved and the vaccine metal can be used more economically and better.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Zugabekammer diametral gegenüber dem Austrittsquerschnitt als Tasche bzw. Oeffnung zur Aufnahme bzw. zum Einspeisen des Impfmittels angeordnet. Wahlweise kann das Impfmetall in diese Tasche bzw. Kammer vor Giessbeginn eingelegt werden oder über die Oeffnung kontinuierlich in Form eines Drahtes oder eines Granulates zugeführt werden. Die Zuführung des Impfmetalles in den rotierenden Metallstrom ergibt ein besseres Untermischen des Impfmetalles und damit eine höhere Wirksamkeit. Dadurch dass die Impfmittel am tiefsten Punkt des Einlaufsystems zugegeben werden, also im Bereich höchsten ferrostatischen Druckes, ist gewährleistet, dass die Abbrandverluste des Impfmetalls so gering wie möglich sind.The addition chamber is advantageously arranged diametrically opposite the outlet cross-section as a pocket or opening for receiving or feeding in the inoculant. Optionally, the inoculation metal can be placed in this pocket or chamber before the start of pouring or can be fed continuously in the form of a wire or a granulate through the opening. The supply of the seed metal in the rotating metal stream results in a better mixing of the seed metal and thus a higher effectiveness. The fact that the inoculants are added at the lowest point of the enema system, that is in the area of the highest ferrostatic pressure, ensures that the burn-off losses of the inoculation metal are as low as possible.
Gemäss einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Austrittsquerschnitt mit einer Metallplatte verschlossen, die nach Füllung der Eingussvorrichtung mit Metallschmelze aufschmilzt. G emäss a particularly preferred embodiment, the outlet cross section is closed with a metal plate by filling with the gate device Metal melt melts.
Darüberhinaus bringt die neue Eingussvorrichtung den Vorteil, dass unter Vermeidung von Luftzutritt gegossen werden kann. Hierzu wird die Eingussvorrichtung über eine Nut-Feder-Verbindung direkt an das Giesssystem der Form angeflanscht. Hierdurch entfällt der sonst notwendige Eingusstrichter, über den Luftsauerstoff in die flüssige Schmelze eingesaugt wird.In addition, the new pouring device has the advantage that it can be cast while avoiding air. For this purpose, the pouring device is flanged directly to the casting system of the mold via a tongue and groove connection. This eliminates the otherwise necessary pouring funnel, through which atmospheric oxygen is sucked into the liquid melt.
In dieser wiederverwendbaren Kompakteinheit werden die Vorteile der an sich bekannten Drehmassel und des Giesstümpels vereint und auf engstem Raum für das Abscheiden nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse optimale hydraulische Strömungsverhältnisse geschaffen. Zusätzlich wird die Abscheidung nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse noch durch Gasspülen verbessert. Ferner ist mit dieser wiederverwendbaren Kompakteinheit die Möglichkeit geschaffen worden unter Luftabschluss zu giessen, wenn die Kompakteinheit über eine Nut-Feder-Verbindung direkt an das Giesssystem angeschlossen wird.This reusable compact unit combines the advantages of the well-known rotating pellet and the pouring plunger and creates optimal hydraulic flow conditions in a confined space for separating non-metallic inclusions. In addition, the separation of non-metallic inclusions is improved by gas purging. Furthermore, this reusable compact unit has made it possible to cast under the exclusion of air if the compact unit is connected directly to the casting system via a tongue and groove connection.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Vergiessen von Metallschmelzen, bei dem die rotierende Metallschmelze mit einem inerten Gas gespült wird und bzw. oder gegebenenfalls ein Impfmittel zugefügt wird.The invention further relates to a method for casting molten metal, in which the rotating molten metal is flushed with an inert gas and / or, if appropriate, a vaccine is added.
Es kann auch bereits vor Giessbeginn ein inertes Gas in die Giessform eingespeist werden, so dass der Sauerstoffpartialdruck der Giessraumatmosphäre entscheidend gesenkt wird. Während des Giessens kann zusätzlich mit inerten Gasen, z.B. Argon oder Stickstoff gespült werden. Damit wird die Abscheidungswirkung nicht-metallischer Einschlüsse entscheidend verbessert, weil durch die Spülwirkung im Rotationswirbel eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit geschaffen wird, dass mikro- und makroskopische nicht-metallische Einschlüsse durch Koagulation vergrössert werden und dann im Rotationswirbel abgeschieden werden können. Bei dem bekannten Wirbeltrichter gemäss der deutschen Patentschrift 21 59 964 können im wesentlichen nur makroskopische Einschlüsse abgeschieden werden.An inert gas can also be fed into the casting mold before the start of casting, so that the oxygen partial pressure of the casting chamber atmosphere is significantly reduced. During the casting process, inert gases such as argon or nitrogen can also be used for flushing. In order to the separation effect of non-metallic inclusions is decisively improved because the flushing effect in the rotating vortex creates an additional possibility that micro- and macroscopic non-metallic inclusions are enlarged by coagulation and can then be separated in the rotating vortex. In the known fluidized funnel according to German Patent 21 59 964, essentially only macroscopic inclusions can be separated.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 eine Vorderansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Eingussvorrichtung mit einem teilweisen Schnitt,
- Fig. 2 eine Ansicht der Vorrichtung von oben, und
- Fig. 3 eine Ausführungsvariante der Vorrichtung gemäss Fig. 2.
- 1 is a front view of a pouring device according to the invention with a partial section,
- Fig. 2 is a view of the device from above, and
- 3 shows a variant of the device according to FIG. 2.
Gemäss Figur 1 besteht die als Kompakteinheit ausgebildete Eingussvorrichtung aus einem Einlaufteil 1, einer vorzugsweise im Querschnitt kreisrunden Rotationskammer 2 mit einem Boden 5 und aus einem Auslaufteil 4. Das Einlaufteil 1 mündet mit einer Eintrittsöffnung 7 in die Rotationskammer 2 und das Auslaufteil 4 ist über die Austrittsöffnung 6 mit der Rotationskammer 2 verbunden. Der obere Bereich des Einlaufteils 1 ist als Trichter 8 ausgestaltet und weist eine Einfüllöffnung 14 auf.According to FIG. 1, the pouring device designed as a compact unit consists of an
Ueber den Trichter 8 strömt die Metallschmelze in die Rotationskammer 2. Die Eintrittsöffnung 7 ist als senkrechter Schlitz ausgebildet. Diese schlitzförmige Ausbildung ist notwendig, damit der flüssige Metallstrom entsprechend Pfeil 11 (siehe Fig. 2) tangential in die Rotationskammer 2 eintreten kann, um einen kräftigen Drehwirbel zu erzeugen. Die Austrittsöffnung 6 ist als waagrechter Schlitz radial zur Rotationskammer ausgebildet, so dass das rotierende flüssige Metall in radialer Richtung gemäss Pfeil 12 die Rotationskammer 2 verlässt.The molten metal flows into the
Der Auslaufteil 4 weist bis zur vorzugsweise nach unten gerichteten Auslauföffnung 15 ein Abfluss-Gefälle auf, so dass im Auslaufteil 4 kein flüssiges Metall zurückbleiben kann. Die als horizontaler Schlitz ausgebildete und radial angeordnete Austrittsöffnung 6 gewährleistet bei guten Strömungsverhältnissen eine platzsparende Bauweise und eine geringe Bodensumpfhöhe H. Damit im Einlaufstutzen keine Metallschmelze zurückbleibt, muss die unterste Kante der Eintrittsöffnung 7 auf gleicher Höhe oder höher als die unterste Kante der Austrittsöffnung 6 liegen.The outlet part 4 has a discharge gradient up to the
Das Verhältnis Breite zu Höhe bei der Eintrittsöffnung und bei der Austrittsöffnung sollte möglichst in einem Bereich von 1,5 : 1 bis 4 : 1 liegen.The ratio of width to height at the inlet opening and at the outlet opening should preferably be in a range from 1.5: 1 to 4: 1.
Die Rotationskammer 2 ist ausgehend vom Boden 5 mindestens bis zu der Unterkante der Austrittsöffnung 6 konisch von unten nach oben erweiternd ausgebildet wobei die Konizität mindestens 1 % beträgt.Starting from the bottom 5, the
Diese Höhe H des sogenannten Bodensumpfes beträgt 0 bis 50 %, - vorzugsweise 5 bis 20 % - der Gesamthöhe der Rotationskammer 2. Der Uebergang vom Boden 5 zur Umfangswand der Rotationskammer ist abgerundet. Durch diese konische Ausbildung der Rotationskammer kann die im Bodensumpf zurückbleibende Metallschmelze nach deren Erstarrung leicht durch die oben offene Rotationskammer entnommen werden, so dass eine Widerverwendbarkeit der Kompakteinheit gewährleistet ist.This height H of the so-called bottom sump is 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 20%, of the total height of the
Die Unterkante der Austrittsöffnung 6 kann auch eben mit dem Boden 5 angeordnet werden, so dass eine vollständige Entleerung der Rotationskammer stattfindet.The lower edge of the
Die Rotationskammer weist am Boden 5 einen gasdurchlässigen Bodenteil 9, wie z.B. einen keramischen Gasspülstein auf, welcher mit einem Rohr 10 eine Zuführvorrichtung für ein inertes Spülgas, wie z.B. Argon bildet. Die Zuführvorrichtung kann auch so angeordnet werden, dass das inerte Gas radial oder tangential in die Rotationskammer geleitet wird.The rotation chamber has at the bottom 5 a gas-permeable
Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, sind von oben gesehen die Rotationskammer 2, die Einfüllöffnung 14 und die Auslass- öffnung 15 zueinander dreiecksförmig angeordnet, wodurch die Kompakteinheit in gleicher Sicht gesehen materialsparend trapezförmig ausgebildet werden kann.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the
In Figur 2 ist ausserdem die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemässen Eingussvorrichtung nochmals verdeutlicht. Die über den Trichter 8 in das Einlaufteil 1 eintretende Metallschmelze strömt durch die Eintrittsöffnung 7 in die Rotationskammer 2. Durch die Anordnung der Eintrittsöffnung 7 ist gewährleistet, dass die Metallschmelze in tangentialer Richtung gemäss Pfeil 11 in die Rotationskammer 2 eintritt. Hierdurch wird das flüssige Metall in kräftige Rotationsbewegung versetzt. Die in der Rotationskammer 2 rotierende Metallschmelze kann über eine Zugabekammer 3 mit Impfmittel versetzt werden. Die Zugabekammer 3 ist vorzugsweise diametral gegenüber der Austrittsöffnung 6 angeordnet. Die Metallschmelze tritt durch die Austrittsöffnung 6 hindurch in radialer Richtung gemäss Pfeil 12 in das Auslaufteil 4 ein. Möglicherweise ist die Austrittsöffnung 6 mit einer Metallplatte verschlossen, die nach Füllung der Eingussvorrichtung mit Metallschmelze schmilzt.In Figure 2 is also the operation of the inventions according to the pouring device again clarified. The metal melt entering the
Figur 3 zeigt eine alternative Ausführung, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Austritt der Metallschmelze nicht radial sondern senkrecht nach unten erfolgt. Vorteilhafterweise wird dabei die Austrittsöffnung 13 exzentrisch am Boden 5 angeordnet.FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment, which is characterized in that the molten metal does not exit radially but vertically downwards. The outlet opening 13 is advantageously arranged eccentrically on the base 5.
Die erfindungsgemässe Eingussvorrichtung kann ohne Beeinträchtigung ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit mehrfach nacheinander benützt werden.The pouring device according to the invention can be used several times in succession without impairing its functionality.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83111706T ATE27419T1 (en) | 1982-12-03 | 1983-11-23 | CASTING DEVICE FOR CASTING METAL METAL AND METAL CASTING METHOD. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3244824A DE3244824C2 (en) | 1982-12-03 | 1982-12-03 | Pouring device for pouring molten metal and method for pouring the same |
DE3244824 | 1982-12-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0111213A2 true EP0111213A2 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
EP0111213A3 EP0111213A3 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
EP0111213B1 EP0111213B1 (en) | 1987-05-27 |
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ID=6179761
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83111706A Expired EP0111213B1 (en) | 1982-12-03 | 1983-11-23 | Apparatus and method for pouring molten metal |
Country Status (4)
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---|---|
US (1) | US4741463A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0111213B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE27419T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3244824C2 (en) |
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US6413285B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 | 2002-07-02 | Polyplus Battery Company | Layered arrangements of lithium electrodes |
US6413284B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 | 2002-07-02 | Polyplus Battery Company | Encapsulated lithium alloy electrodes having barrier layers |
US6432584B1 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2002-08-13 | Polyplus Battery Company | Method for forming encapsulated lithium electrodes having glass protective layers |
US7432017B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2008-10-07 | Polyplus Battery Company | Compositions and methods for protection of active metal anodes and polymer electrolytes |
US7645543B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2010-01-12 | Polyplus Battery Company | Active metal/aqueous electrochemical cells and systems |
US9660265B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 | 2017-05-23 | Polyplus Battery Company | Lithium sulfur batteries and electrolytes and sulfur cathodes thereof |
US9666850B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2017-05-30 | Polyplus Battery Company | Safety enhanced Li-ion and lithium metal battery cells having protected lithium electrodes with enhanced separator safety against dendrite shorting |
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JPH07185739A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1995-07-25 | John Campbell | Method of casting molten metal |
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US6432584B1 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2002-08-13 | Polyplus Battery Company | Method for forming encapsulated lithium electrodes having glass protective layers |
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US9666850B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2017-05-30 | Polyplus Battery Company | Safety enhanced Li-ion and lithium metal battery cells having protected lithium electrodes with enhanced separator safety against dendrite shorting |
US10529971B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2020-01-07 | Polyplus Battery Company | Safety enhanced li-ion and lithium metal battery cells having protected lithium electrodes with enhanced separator safety against dendrite shorting |
US10916753B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2021-02-09 | Polyplus Battery Company | Lithium metal—seawater battery cells having protected lithium electrodes |
US11646472B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2023-05-09 | Polyplus Battery Company | Making lithium metal—seawater battery cells having protected lithium electrodes |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3371752D1 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
EP0111213A3 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
EP0111213B1 (en) | 1987-05-27 |
DE3244824A1 (en) | 1984-06-14 |
US4741463A (en) | 1988-05-03 |
ATE27419T1 (en) | 1987-06-15 |
DE3244824C2 (en) | 1985-10-24 |
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