EP0142470A1 - Method and device for judging the printing quality of a printed object, preferably printed by an offset printing machine, and offset printing machine provided with such a device - Google Patents

Method and device for judging the printing quality of a printed object, preferably printed by an offset printing machine, and offset printing machine provided with such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0142470A1
EP0142470A1 EP84810523A EP84810523A EP0142470A1 EP 0142470 A1 EP0142470 A1 EP 0142470A1 EP 84810523 A EP84810523 A EP 84810523A EP 84810523 A EP84810523 A EP 84810523A EP 0142470 A1 EP0142470 A1 EP 0142470A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
remission
values
printing
picture
sub
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EP84810523A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0142470B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Ott
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Gretag AG
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Gretag AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0027—Devices for scanning originals, printing formes or the like for determining or presetting the ink supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control

Definitions

  • the assessment of the print quality and regulation of the color routing is usually carried out with the help of standardized color control strips. These printed control strips are evaluated densitometrically and the color values of the printing press are then adjusted accordingly.
  • the color control strips can be measured on the running machine with so-called machine densitometers or off-line using, for example, an automatic scanning densitometer, whereby the control loop towards the inking units can be open (quality assessment) or closed (machine control) in both cases.
  • a representative example of a computer-controlled printing machine with a closed control loop can be found in US-PS Nos, among others. 4,200,932 and 3,835,777. In practice, it often happens, for example for reasons of format, that the use of a color control strip is not possible. In these cases, the quality assessment is usually still done visually.
  • a system has recently become known (see, for example, the published UK patent application 2 115 145), which enables a mechanical assessment of printed products even without color control strips.
  • the printed products are scanned photoelectrically over the entire image area, so the measurement is carried out “in the image”.
  • the measurement is carried out on the running printing press by means of a machine densitometer.
  • the sample values from the individual picture elements possibly after special preparation, are compared with the sample values of a reference printed product (O.K. sheet), which may have been prepared, and a quality decision "good” or "bad” is made on the basis of the comparison result according to certain criteria.
  • the decision criteria include the number of picture elements which differ from the corresponding picture elements of the reference by more than a certain degree of tolerance, the differences in the sampled values summed up over selected image areas to the corresponding sampled values of the reference and the differences between the sampled values summed up via certain scan tracks corresponding values of the reference.
  • the overall system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a four-color offset printing machine 100, three photoelectric scanning devices .120, 220 and 320, three computers 150, 250 and 350 and four optical display devices 171, 1.72, 270 and 370.
  • the offset printing press 100 is of conventional design, its ink guide elements 111-114 (ink fountain keys, etc.) are only indicated symbolically in the drawing.
  • the scanner 120 is a so-called machine densitometer built into the printing press 100 with four scanning channels 121-124 for each printing ink. With this scanning device, printed products can be measured densitometrically on the running printing press. Examples of suitable machine densitometers include in U.S. Patent Nos. 2 968 988, 3 376 426, 3 835.777, 3 890 048 and 4 003 660. In the following, the scanning device 120 is briefly referred to as "machine densitometer 120".
  • the scanning device 220 is used for the photoelectric measurement of printing plates or raster films on which these are based.
  • the scanner 220 can e.g. a commercially available scanner ("scanner"), as used for litho films, or any other suitable scanner, for example according to US-PS Nos. 3 958 509 and 4 131 879 or EP publ. Nos. 69 572, 96 227 and 29 561, which allows printing plates or raster films to be photoelectrically scanned with the resolution specified below.
  • the scanning device 220 is referred to below, regardless of its type and the object actually scanned, as a "plate scanner 220".
  • the scanner 320 is used for photoelectric measurement of e.g. after visual assessment for printed products which are found to be of satisfactory quality, so-called proof sheets or OK sheets.
  • This scanning device scans the pressure sheets or OK sheets in exactly the same way as the machine densitometer 120 the printed products and is therefore constructed accordingly.
  • OK sheets can be scanned directly and even advantageously directly from the machine densitometer 120 in the printing press 100.
  • this scanning device referred to below as "OK sheet scanner 320" is shown as a separate element.
  • the four optical display devices 171, 172, 270 and 370 are preferably color television monitors, which allow a visual representation of the measured values recorded by the scanning devices or the data determined therefrom by the computers.
  • four display devices are not absolutely necessary, these are only drawn to facilitate understanding. In the same way, the system could also have only a single computer instead of three, which would then have to operate all of the connected scanning devices, display devices, etc.
  • the plate scanner 220 with its computer 250 and its display device 270 and the OK sheet scanner 320 with its computer 350 and its display device 370 can also form independent units, which then e.g. would be connected to computer 150 via cable 251 or 351. All of these possibilities are indicated in FIG. 1 by the dashed frames. They are completely irrelevant to the invention and the invention is in no way limited to them.
  • the printed products D are printed on the running machine by means of the machine densitometer 120 (or also individual ones Sheets are scanned off-line on a separate scanning device, for example, the OK sheet scanner 320), and an actual remission value R. is determined for each printing ink and for each picture element E.
  • control variables (manipulated values) ST for influencing the ink guiding elements 111-114 of the printing press 100 can also be calculated and the ink guiding of the printing press can thus be regulated.
  • the display devices 270, 171, 172 and 370 can serve to display the sample values or the values calculated therefrom.
  • Device 270 can, for example, display the area coverage or the brightness distribution of the individual printing plates P determined therefrom, device 370 the brightness distribution of the OK sheets, device 171 the remission target values R and device 172 the differences between remission target values R and actual remission values R.
  • the display devices can also be used to display all possible other data of interest.
  • the method according to the invention is thus based on the knowledge that, under certain conditions, offset printing makes it possible to remission (change) an image element of the printed product for the individual printing inks from the area coverage of the image element in question in the respective printing plate (or the corresponding screen) Film) to predict.
  • These prerequisites include, on the one hand, knowledge of the characteristic of the printing press and the influence of full density on the change in remission in Dependency of the area coverage and on the other hand that the picture elements are sufficiently small to come to meaningful results.
  • the printing characteristic which takes into account all influences such as paper quality, printing ink, dot gain, ink acceptance, overprinting, wet-on-wet printing, etc., can be determined empirically relatively easily. Tables are created for the reflectance as a function of the area coverage of the printing plates. The table values are obtained by measuring standardized color plates that were printed on the respective printing press under representative conditions. For the measurement of these color charts, that scanner is preferably used with which the printed products are later also measured during operation, in the present case the machine densitometer 120.
  • the influence of the solid tone density on the remission change due to the dot gain can also be recorded using tables.
  • the above-mentioned color charts are used under appropriate printing conditions, i.e. printed with varying solid density of all printing inks.
  • the picture elements E In order to achieve the highest possible accuracy, the picture elements E must be chosen to be as small as possible. A natural lower limit is given by the grid fineness (e.g. 60 lines per cm). In practice, however, this lower limit cannot be reached for technical and, above all, economic reasons. This applies above all to the measurement of the printed products D on the running machine, since the amount of data that arises under the usual sheet formats in the short time available cannot be recorded and processed with economically justifiable effort. In addition, significant positioning difficulties would arise.
  • Image elements E of approximately 25 to 400 mm 2 in area are acceptable for remission measurements on the running printing press.
  • a picture element E can be, for example, square with an area of approximately 1 cm 2 .
  • image elements E of this size however, the predetermination of the remissions, taking into account the overprinting on the basis of the surface coverage of the printing plate, becomes too imprecise.
  • each individual element E of the printing plates P (or the raster films on which they are based) is therefore subdivided into a larger number, for example 100 sub-elements SE, and the area coverage for each of these sub-elements is determined.
  • the determination of the area coverage for the image elements of the printing plates is therefore carried out with a higher resolution than the remission determination of the image elements of the printed products.
  • the size of the sub-elements SE can be about 0.25 to 25 mm 2, a practical example is about 1 mm 2 relative to a pixel size of about 1 c m 2.
  • each individual sub-element SE is determined by means of the plate scanner 220 in a manner known per se, for example by remission measurement integrally over the area of the sub-element or by means of television scanning or scanning using discrete photo sensor fields or the like.
  • a remission subset value RS is now calculated from the area coverage on the basis of the printing characteristic curve previously determined in tabular form, taking into account the overprinting (intermediate table values can be found by interpolation).
  • the individual remission subset values RS of each picture element E s then become the remission setpoint, for example by arithmetic averaging value R of the image element E in question, which is required for comparison with the corresponding remission actual values R. of the printed products D.
  • each sub-element SE is assigned a sub-full weight factor GS e that takes this influence into account.
  • These weight factors contain the required change in full tone (change in layer thickness) for each printing ink for a desired change in reflectance, taking into account the overprint and the local area coverage.
  • the weighting factors can be determined from tables for the full tone change as a function of the reflectance change. These tables can be determined from the table values for the reflectance as a function of the solid density (see influence of solid density).
  • an average full-tone weight factor G e for the entire picture element E in question is formed, for example, by arithmetic averaging.
  • These mean full-tone weight factors G are now used to determine the weight with which a possible deviation of the actual remission value R. from the remission target value R of each individual picture element E should be included in the calculation of the quality measure Q or the control variables ST .
  • the average full tone weight factor G e for example, the standard deviation in the sense of a weight reduction with a large standard deviation can also be taken into account.
  • a sensory weight factor H (or sub-sensory weight factor HS e ) to each individual image element E (or possibly also to each sub-element SE), which represents a sensory-metrical assessment scale for deviations from the setpoint and actual values.
  • These sensory weight factors can be determined, for example, according to CIELAB (Comite International de l'Eclairage) from the sensory metrics L * , a * , b * defined there.
  • a quality measure Q is now calculated for each printing ink and displayed in a suitable manner on the basis of the deviations ⁇ e between the measured actual remission values R. i and the previously calculated remission setpoint values R.
  • This quality measure can be calculated, for example, in such a way that the deviations A e are weighted with the respectively assigned full tone and / or sensation weighting factor G or H and added (integrated) over one or more selected surface areas of the printed product.
  • the surface areas can be adapted to the respective printed product. It is also possible to achieve several quality measures in this way.
  • the print zones Z (FIG. 2) specified by the printing press play a special role as surface areas.
  • the control variables ST are preferably determined individually for each individual printing zone by the deviations weighted by the full-tone weight factors G. ⁇ e of the actual remission values R i from the remission nominal values R s of the picture elements E are summed (integrated) over the entire respective printing zone Z.
  • other evaluation and calculation methods are also possible here.
  • the area coverage determined by the plate scanner 220 can be integrated via the individual pressure zones Z and e.g. as described in US Pat. No. 3,185,088 used for presetting the color guide members.
  • the remission target values R i of the individual image elements E are calculated in advance on the basis of the area coverage of the corresponding image elements of the individual printing plates P or, if the measurements on these cannot be carried out for any reason, on the corresponding raster films, on the basis of which the printing plates were made.
  • a printed product that is found to be good a so-called OK sheet 0KB
  • OK sheet 0KB can also be used as a basis for comparison. This would then no longer need to be scanned with the same resolution as the printing plates P, since only the remissions in the individual picture elements are of interest. These remissions can be determined either using the OK sheet scanner 320, or else using the plate scanner 220, if they are not already stored.
  • the weight factors G and / or H assigned to the individual picture elements can be adopted from the earlier measurement of the printing plates P.
  • the densitometric measurement of the printed products D on the running machine can be carried out in a wide variety of ways, as long as it is ensured that the remission or remission change of each image element is recorded for each color. It is not absolutely necessary for each individual printed product D to be completely measured a sequential measurement of different image elements on successive printed products is sufficient. Furthermore, for example, each individual color can be measured according to the respective inking unit, or the remissions in the individual printing inks can be determined together on the finished printed product. A double measurement before and after each individual inking unit is particularly expedient, since in this way the influence of the respective color can be recorded particularly precisely.

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  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
  • Screen Printers (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)

Abstract

Printed products and their respective corresponding printing plates are divided into a plurality of image elements. For each image element the surface coverage is determined by photoelectric measurements; a reference reflectance value is then calculated from these measurements, taking into consideration such parameters as the printing characteristic. These reference reflectance values are compared with the actual reflectance values measured on the printed products and the results of the comparison are evaluated to form a quality measure and to calculate control values for the ink feed devices of the printing machine. In this manner, the use of special color measuring strips may be eliminated.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität eines vorzugsweise auf einer Offset-Druckmaschine hergestellten Druckerzeugnisses gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. 16 sowie eine mit einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung ausgestattete Offset-Druckmaschine gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 21.The invention relates to a method and a device for assessing the print quality of a printed product, preferably produced on an offset printing machine, according to the preamble of claim 1 and 16, and to an offset printing machine equipped with a corresponding device, according to the preamble of claim 21.

Die Beurteilung der Druckqualität und Regelung der Farbführung erfolgt üblicherweise mit Hilfe von standardisierten Farbkontrollstreifen. Diese mitgedruckten Kontrollstreifen werden densitometrisch ausgewertet und danach die Farbwerte der Druckmaschine entsprechend eingestellt. Die Ausmessung der Farbkontrollstreifen kann dabei an der laufenden Maschine mit sogenannten Maschinendensitometern oder off-line mittels z.B. eines automatischen Abtastdensitometers erfolgen, wobei der Regelkreis zu den Farbwerken hin in beiden Fällen offen (Qualitätsbeurteilung) oder geschlossen (Maschinenregelung) sein kann. Ein repräsentatives Beispiel für eine rechnergesteuerte Druckmaschine mit geschlossenem Regelkreis ist u.a. in US-PS Nos. 4 200 932 und 3 835 777 beschrieben. In der Praxis kommt es, z.B. aus Formatgründen, sehr häufig vor, dass die Verwendung eines Farbkontrollstreifens nicht möglich ist. In diesen Fällen erfolgt dann die Qualitätsbeurteilung in der Regel nach wie vor visuell.The assessment of the print quality and regulation of the color routing is usually carried out with the help of standardized color control strips. These printed control strips are evaluated densitometrically and the color values of the printing press are then adjusted accordingly. The color control strips can be measured on the running machine with so-called machine densitometers or off-line using, for example, an automatic scanning densitometer, whereby the control loop towards the inking units can be open (quality assessment) or closed (machine control) in both cases. A representative example of a computer-controlled printing machine with a closed control loop can be found in US-PS Nos, among others. 4,200,932 and 3,835,777. In practice, it often happens, for example for reasons of format, that the use of a color control strip is not possible. In these cases, the quality assessment is usually still done visually.

Neuerdings ist auch schon ein System bekannt geworden (siehe z.B. die publizierte UK-Patentanmeldung 2 115 145), das auch ohne Farbkontrollstreifen eine maschinelle Beurteilung von Druckerzeugnissen ermöglicht. Bei diesem System werden die Druckerzeugnisse über die gesamte Bildfläche fotoelektrisch abgetastet, die Messung erfolgt also "im Bild". Die Ausmessung erfolgt an der laufenden Druckmaschine mittels eines Maschinendensitometers bildelementweise. Die Abtastwerte aus den einzelnen Bildelementen werden, eventuell nach einer speziellen Aufbereitung, mit den gegebenenfalls aufbereiteten Abtastwerten eines Referenzdruckerzeugnisses (O.K.-Bogen) verglichen und anhand des Vergleichsergebnisses wird nach bestimmten Kriterien eine Qualitätsentscheidung "gut" bzw. "schlecht" getroffen. Zu den Entscheidungskriterien gehören die Anzahl der Bildelemente, die sich um mehr als ein gewisses Toleranzmass von den entsprechenden Bildelementen der Referenz unterscheiden, die über ausgewählte Bildbereiche aufsummierten Unterschiede der Abtastwerte zu den entsprechenden Abtastwerten der Referenz und die über gewisse Abtastspuren aufsummierten Unterschiede der Abtastwerte zu den entsprechenden Werten der Referenz.A system has recently become known (see, for example, the published UK patent application 2 115 145), which enables a mechanical assessment of printed products even without color control strips. With this system, the printed products are scanned photoelectrically over the entire image area, so the measurement is carried out “in the image”. The measurement is carried out on the running printing press by means of a machine densitometer. The sample values from the individual picture elements, possibly after special preparation, are compared with the sample values of a reference printed product (O.K. sheet), which may have been prepared, and a quality decision "good" or "bad" is made on the basis of the comparison result according to certain criteria. The decision criteria include the number of picture elements which differ from the corresponding picture elements of the reference by more than a certain degree of tolerance, the differences in the sampled values summed up over selected image areas to the corresponding sampled values of the reference and the differences between the sampled values summed up via certain scan tracks corresponding values of the reference.

Obwohl dieses neue System bereits eine gewisse Arbeitserleichterung bringt, ist es doch noch in mancher Hinsicht verbesserungsfähig. Es ist demnach Aufgabe der Erfindung, die maschinelle Qualitätsbeurteilung von insbesondere auf Offset-Druckmaschinen hergestellten Druckerzeugnissen zu verfeinern und zu verbessern, wobei insbesondere die Zuverlässigkeit der Qualitätsaussagen gesteigert werden soll.Although this new system already makes work easier, it can still be improved in some ways. It is therefore an object of the invention to refine and improve the mechanical quality assessment of printed products produced in particular on offset printing presses, the reliability of the quality statements in particular being to be increased.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren, die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung und die entsprechende erfindungsgemässe Offset-Druckmaschine, die dieser der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Aufgabe gerecht werden, sindThe method according to the invention, the device according to the invention and the corresponding offset printing machine according to the invention, which do justice to the object on which the invention is based, are

in den Ansprüchen 1, 16 und 21 beschrieben. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.described in claims 1, 16 and 21. Preferred embodiments and further developments result from the dependent claims.

Gemäss der Erfindung wird also "im Bild" gemessen. Messung im Bild ist u.a. auch am US-PS 3 958 509, EP-Publ. No. 29561 und EP-Publ. No. 69572 bekannt. Bei den dort beschriebenen Systemen wird zonenweise die Flächenbedeckung von Druckplatten ermittelt und für die manuelle oder maschinelle Voreinstellung der Farbführungsorgane der Druckmaschine ausgewertet. Es handelt sich dabei aber um eine einmalige Voreinstellung, eine Qualitätsbeurteilung der Druckerzeugnisse findet dabei nicht statt.According to the invention, therefore, "in the picture" is measured. Measurement in the picture includes also on US Pat. No. 3,958,509, EP publ. No. 29561 and EP publ. No. 69572 known. In the systems described there, the area coverage of printing plates is determined zone by zone and evaluated for the manual or machine presetting of the ink guide elements of the printing press. However, this is a one-time presetting, there is no quality assessment of the printed products.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung rein beispielsweise näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine blockschematische Uebersicht über eine erfindungsgemäss ausgestattete Offset-Druckmaschine und
  • Fig. 2 und 3 zwei Skizzen zur Erläuterung der erfindungsgemässen Messmethode.
In the following, the invention is explained purely by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a block schematic overview of an offset printing machine equipped according to the invention and
  • 2 and 3 two sketches to explain the measurement method according to the invention.

Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Gesamtanlage umfasst eine Vierfarben-Offset-Druckmaschine 100, drei fotoelektrische Abtasteinrichtungen .120, 220 und 320, drei Rechner 150, 250 und 350 und vier optische Anzeigegeräte 171, 1.72, 270 und 370.The overall system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a four-color offset printing machine 100, three photoelectric scanning devices .120, 220 and 320, three computers 150, 250 and 350 and four optical display devices 171, 1.72, 270 and 370.

Die Offset-Druckmaschine 100 ist konventioneller Bauart, ihre Farbführungsorgane 111 - 114 (Farbzonenschrauben etc.) sind in der Zeichnung nur symbolisch angedeutet.The offset printing press 100 is of conventional design, its ink guide elements 111-114 (ink fountain keys, etc.) are only indicated symbolically in the drawing.

Die Abtasteinrichtung 120 ist ein in die Druckmaschine 100 eingebautes sogenanntes Maschinendensitometer mit vier Abtastkanälen 121-124 für je eine Druckfarbe. Mit dieser Abtasteinrichtung können Druckerzeugnisse an der laufenden Druckmaschine densitometrisch ausgemessen werden. Beispiele für geeignete Maschinendensitometer sind u.a. in US-PS Nos. 2 968 988, 3 376 426, 3 835,777, 3 890 048 und 4 003 660 beschrieben. Im folgenden wird die Abtasteinrichtung 120 kurz als "Maschinendensitometer 120" bezeichnet.The scanner 120 is a so-called machine densitometer built into the printing press 100 with four scanning channels 121-124 for each printing ink. With this scanning device, printed products can be measured densitometrically on the running printing press. Examples of suitable machine densitometers include in U.S. Patent Nos. 2 968 988, 3 376 426, 3 835.777, 3 890 048 and 4 003 660. In the following, the scanning device 120 is briefly referred to as "machine densitometer 120".

Die Abtasteinrichtung 220 dient zur fotoelektrischen Ausmessung von Druckplatten oder diesen zugrundeliegenden Raster-Filmen. Die Abtasteinrichtung 220 kann z.B. ein handelsübliches Abtastgerät ("Scanner"), wie es für Litho-Filme verwendet wird, oder irgendeine andere geeignete Abtastvorrichtung, beispielsweise etwa gemäss US-PS Nos. 3 958 509 und 4 131 879 oder EP-Publ. Nos. 69 572, 96 227 und 29 561 sein, welche es gestattet, Druckplatten oder Raster-Filme mit der weiter unten noch näher spezifizierten Auflösung fotoelektrisch abzutasten. Die Abtasteinrichtung 220 wird im folgenden, ungeachtet ihrer Art und des tatsächlich abgetasteten Objekts, als "Plattenscanner 220" bezeichnet.The scanning device 220 is used for the photoelectric measurement of printing plates or raster films on which these are based. The scanner 220 can e.g. a commercially available scanner ("scanner"), as used for litho films, or any other suitable scanner, for example according to US-PS Nos. 3 958 509 and 4 131 879 or EP publ. Nos. 69 572, 96 227 and 29 561, which allows printing plates or raster films to be photoelectrically scanned with the resolution specified below. The scanning device 220 is referred to below, regardless of its type and the object actually scanned, as a "plate scanner 220".

Die Abtasteinrichtung 320 dient zur fotoelektrischen Ausmessung von z.B. nach visueller Beurteilung für qualitativ zufriedenstellend befundenen Druckerzeugnissen, sogenannten Andruck- oder OK-Bögen. Diese Abtasteinrichtung tastet die Andruck- oder OK-Bögen in genau derselben Weise ab wie das Maschinendensitometer 120 die Druckerzeugnisse und ist daher entsprechend aufgebaut. In der Praxis können OK-Bögen ohne weiteres und sogar mit Vorteil auch direkt vom Maschinendensitometer 120 in der Druckmaschine 100 abgetastet werden. Zur Erleichterung des Verständnisses der Erfindung ist diese im folgenden als "OK-Bogen-Scanner 320" bezeichnete Abtasteinrichtung jedoch als gesondertes Element dargestellt.The scanner 320 is used for photoelectric measurement of e.g. after visual assessment for printed products which are found to be of satisfactory quality, so-called proof sheets or OK sheets. This scanning device scans the pressure sheets or OK sheets in exactly the same way as the machine densitometer 120 the printed products and is therefore constructed accordingly. In practice, OK sheets can be scanned directly and even advantageously directly from the machine densitometer 120 in the printing press 100. To facilitate understanding of the invention, however, this scanning device, referred to below as "OK sheet scanner 320", is shown as a separate element.

Bei den vier optischen Anzeigegeräten 171, 172, 270 und 370 handelt es sich mit Vorzug um Farbfernsehmonitoren, die eine bildmässige Darstellung der von den Abtasteinrichtungen erfassten Messwerte bzw. der von den Rechnern daraus ermittelten Daten gestatten. Selbstverständlich sind nicht unbedingt vier Anzeigegeräte nötig, diese sind nur zur Erleichterung des Verständnisses gezeichnet. Genauso könnte die Anlage anstelle von drei auch nur einen einzigen Rechner aufweisen, der dann eben alle angeschlossenen Abtasteinrichtungen, Anzeigegeräte etc. zu bedienen hätte. Anderseits können der Plattenscanner 220 mit seinem Rechner 250 und seinem Anzeigegerät 270 und der OK-Bogen-Scanner 320 mit seinem Rechner 350 und seinem Anzeigegerät 370 auch selbständige Einheiten bilden, die dann z.B. via Kabel 251 bzw. 351 mit dem Rechner 150 verbunden wären. Alle diese Möglichkeiten sind in Figl 1 durch die strichlierten Umrahmungen angedeutet. Sie sind für die Erfindung völlig unwesentlich und die Erfindung ist in keiner Weise darauf beschränkt.The four optical display devices 171, 172, 270 and 370 are preferably color television monitors, which allow a visual representation of the measured values recorded by the scanning devices or the data determined therefrom by the computers. Of course, four display devices are not absolutely necessary, these are only drawn to facilitate understanding. In the same way, the system could also have only a single computer instead of three, which would then have to operate all of the connected scanning devices, display devices, etc. On the other hand, the plate scanner 220 with its computer 250 and its display device 270 and the OK sheet scanner 320 with its computer 350 and its display device 370 can also form independent units, which then e.g. would be connected to computer 150 via cable 251 or 351. All of these possibilities are indicated in FIG. 1 by the dashed frames. They are completely irrelevant to the invention and the invention is in no way limited to them.

Die generelle Funktionsweise der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Anordnung ist wie folgt:

  • Die Druckerzeugnisse D (Bögen) und die ihnen zugrundeliegenden Druckplatten D werden in gleicher Weise in eine Vielzahl von Bildelementen E eingeteilt (Fig. 2). Mittels des Plattenscanners 220 wird nun jedes Bildelement E der (hier vier) Druckplatten P fotoelektrisch ausgemessen und aus den dabei ermittelten Messwerten in noch zu erläuternder Weise für jedes Bildelement E ein Remissions-Sollwert R errechnet, welchen das betreffende Bildelement E der Druckerzeugnisse für die jeweilige Druckfarbe aufweisen sollte, wenn unter normalen Verhältnissen, d.h. mit richtig eingestellter Farbführung etc. gedruckt wird.
The general mode of operation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is as follows:
  • The printed products D (sheets) and the printing plates D on which they are based are divided in the same way into a plurality of picture elements E (FIG. 2). Using the plate scanner 220, each picture element E of the (here four) printing plates P is now measured photoelectrically and a remission setpoint R is calculated for each picture element E from the measured values determined, which the relevant picture element E of the printed products for the respective one Should have printing ink if printing is carried out under normal conditions, ie with correctly adjusted inking, etc.

In analoger Weise werden die Druckerzeugnisse D an der laufenden Maschine mittels des Maschinendensitometers 120 (oder auch einzelne Bögen off-line an einem eigenen Abtastgerät, beispielsweise etwa dem OK-Bogen-Scanner 320) fotoelektrisch abgetastet und für jede Druckfarbe und für jedes Bildelement E ein Remissions-Istwert R. bestimmt.In an analogous manner, the printed products D are printed on the running machine by means of the machine densitometer 120 (or also individual ones Sheets are scanned off-line on a separate scanning device, for example, the OK sheet scanner 320), and an actual remission value R. is determined for each printing ink and for each picture element E.

Im Rechner 150 werden nun die einzelnen Remissions-Sollwerte R und s die entsprechenden Remissions-Istwerte Ri miteinander verglichen und aus den Vergleichresultaten wird eine Aussage über die Druckqualität (Qualitätsmass Q) gewonnen. Gewünschtenfalls können auch Steuergrössen (Stellwerte) ST für die Beeinflussung der Farbführungsorgane 111-114 der Druckmaschine 100 berechnet und die Farbführung der Druckmaschine damit geregelt werden.The individual remission target values R and s, the corresponding actual remission values R i are compared with one another in the computer 150 and a statement about the print quality (quality measure Q) is obtained from the comparison results. If desired, control variables (manipulated values) ST for influencing the ink guiding elements 111-114 of the printing press 100 can also be calculated and the ink guiding of the printing press can thus be regulated.

Die Anzeigegeräte 270, 171, 172 und 370 können zur bildmässigen Darstellung der Abtastwerte bzw. der daraus berechneten Werte dienen. Gerät 270 kann beispielsweise die Flächenbedeckung oder die daraus bestimmte Helligkeitsverteilung der einzelnen Druckplatten P, Gerät 370 die Helligkeitsverteilung der OK-Bögen, Gerät 171 die Remissions-Sollwerte R und Gerät 172 die Differenzen zwischen Remissions-Solls werten R und Remissions-Istwerten R. anzeigen. Selbstverständlich können die Anzeigegeräte auch noch zur Anzeige von allen möglichen anderen interessierenden Daten benutzt werden.The display devices 270, 171, 172 and 370 can serve to display the sample values or the values calculated therefrom. Device 270 can, for example, display the area coverage or the brightness distribution of the individual printing plates P determined therefrom, device 370 the brightness distribution of the OK sheets, device 171 the remission target values R and device 172 the differences between remission target values R and actual remission values R. . Of course, the display devices can also be used to display all possible other data of interest.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren beruht somit auf der Erkenntnis, dass es beim Offset-Druck unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen möglich ist, die Remission(-sänderung) eines Bildelements des Druckerzeugnisses für die einzelnen Druckfarben aus der Flächenbedeckung des betreffenden Bildelements in der jeweiligen Druckplatte (oder dem entsprechenden Raster-Film) vorherzusagen. Zu diesen Voraussetzungen gehört u.a. einerseits die Kenntnis der Kennlinie der Druckmaschine sowie des Einflusses der Vollto.ndichte auf die Remissionsänderung in Abhängigkeit der Flächenbedeckung und andererseits, dass die Bildelemente hinreichend klein sind, um zu aussagekräftigen Resultaten zu kommen.The method according to the invention is thus based on the knowledge that, under certain conditions, offset printing makes it possible to remission (change) an image element of the printed product for the individual printing inks from the area coverage of the image element in question in the respective printing plate (or the corresponding screen) Film) to predict. These prerequisites include, on the one hand, knowledge of the characteristic of the printing press and the influence of full density on the change in remission in Dependency of the area coverage and on the other hand that the picture elements are sufficiently small to come to meaningful results.

Die Druckkennlinie, die alle Einflüsse wie Papierqualität, Druckfarbe, Punktzunahme, Farbannahme, Uebereinander-Druck, Nass-in-Nass-Druck etc. berücksichtigt, kann relativ einfach empirisch ermittelt werden. Es werden dazu Tabellen für die Remission in Funktion der Flächenbedeckung der Druckplatten erstellt, Die Tabellenwerte werden durch Ausmessen von genormten Farbtafeln, welche unter repräsentativen Bedingungen auf der jeweiligen Druckmaschine gedruckt wurden, gewonnen. Zur Ausmessung dieser Farbtafeln wird vorzugsweise diejenige Abtasteinrichtung verwendet, mit der später im Betrieb auch die Druckerzeugnisse ausgemessen werden, im vorliegenden Fall also das Maschinendensitometer 120.The printing characteristic, which takes into account all influences such as paper quality, printing ink, dot gain, ink acceptance, overprinting, wet-on-wet printing, etc., can be determined empirically relatively easily. Tables are created for the reflectance as a function of the area coverage of the printing plates. The table values are obtained by measuring standardized color plates that were printed on the respective printing press under representative conditions. For the measurement of these color charts, that scanner is preferably used with which the printed products are later also measured during operation, in the present case the machine densitometer 120.

Der Einfluss der Volltondichte auf die Remissionsänderung infolge der Punktzunahme kann ebenfalls anhand von Tabellen erfasst werden. Zur Erstellung dieser Tabellen werden die oben genannten Farbtafeln unter entsprechenden Druckbedingungen, d.h. mit variierender Volltondichte aller Druckfarben gedruckt.The influence of the solid tone density on the remission change due to the dot gain can also be recorded using tables. To create these tables, the above-mentioned color charts are used under appropriate printing conditions, i.e. printed with varying solid density of all printing inks.

Zur Erreichung einer möglichst hohen Genauigkeit müssen die Bildelemente E möglichst klein gewählt werden. Eine natürliche untere Grenze ist dabei durch die Rasterfeinheit (z.B. 60 Linien pro cm) gegeben. Diese untere Grenze ist in der Praxis jedoch aus technischen und vor allem wirtschaftlichen Gründen nicht erreichbar. Dies gilt vor allem für die Ausmessung der Druckerzeugnisse D an der laufenden Maschine, da die unter diesen Umständen bei den üblichen Bogenformaten anfallende Datenmenge in der kurzen zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit mit wirtschaftlich vertretbarem Aufwand nicht erfasst und verarbeitet werden kann. Ausserdem würden erhebliche Positionsierungsschwierigkeiten auftreten.In order to achieve the highest possible accuracy, the picture elements E must be chosen to be as small as possible. A natural lower limit is given by the grid fineness (e.g. 60 lines per cm). In practice, however, this lower limit cannot be reached for technical and, above all, economic reasons. This applies above all to the measurement of the printed products D on the running machine, since the amount of data that arises under the usual sheet formats in the short time available cannot be recorded and processed with economically justifiable effort. In addition, significant positioning difficulties would arise.

Für die Remissionsmessungen an der laufenden Druckmaschine sind Bildelemente E von etwa 25 bis 400 mm2 Fläche vertretbar. Praktisch kann ein Bildelement E z.B. quadratisch mit etwa 1 cm2 Fläche sein. Mit Bildelementen E dieser Grösse wird jedoch die Vorherbestimmung der Remissionen unter Berücksichtigung des Uebereinanderdrucks anhand der Flächenbedeckungen der Druckplatte zu ungenau.Image elements E of approximately 25 to 400 mm 2 in area are acceptable for remission measurements on the running printing press. In practice, a picture element E can be, for example, square with an area of approximately 1 cm 2 . With image elements E of this size, however, the predetermination of the remissions, taking into account the overprinting on the basis of the surface coverage of the printing plate, becomes too imprecise.

Gemäss einem wesentlichen Aspekt der Erfindung wird daher jedes einzelne Element E der Druckplatten P (bzw. der diesen zugrundeliegenden Raster-Filme) in eine grössere Anzahl, z.B. 100 Subelemente SE unterteilt und die Flächenbedeckung für jedes dieser Subelemente bestimmt. Die Ermittlung der Flächenbedeckung für die Bildelemente der Druckplatten erfolgt also mit grösserer Auflösung als die Remissionsermittlung der Bildelemente der Druckerzeugnisse. Dies ist sowohl technisch als auch wirtschaftlich ohne weiteres vertretbar, weil die Messung an den Druckplatten einerseits am ruhenden Objekt durchgeführt werden können und anderseits nur je einmal gemessen werden muss und dafür praktisch genügend Zeit zur Verfügung steht. Die Grösse der Subelemente SE kann etwa 0,25 bis 25 mm2 betragen, ein praktisches Beispiel ist etwa 1 mm2 bezogen auf eine Bildelementengrösse von etwa 1 cm 2.According to an essential aspect of the invention, each individual element E of the printing plates P (or the raster films on which they are based) is therefore subdivided into a larger number, for example 100 sub-elements SE, and the area coverage for each of these sub-elements is determined. The determination of the area coverage for the image elements of the printing plates is therefore carried out with a higher resolution than the remission determination of the image elements of the printed products. This is both technically and economically justifiable, because the measurement on the printing plates can be carried out on the one hand on the stationary object and on the other hand only has to be measured once and there is practically sufficient time available for this. The size of the sub-elements SE can be about 0.25 to 25 mm 2, a practical example is about 1 mm 2 relative to a pixel size of about 1 c m 2.

Die Bestimmung der Flächenbedeckung jedes einzelnen Subelements SE erfolgt mittels des Plattenscanners 220 in an sich bekannter Weise z.B. durch Remissionsmessung integral über die Fläche des Subelements oder mittels Fernsehabtastung oder Abtastung mittels diskreter Fotosensoren-Felder o.ä. Für jedes Subelement SE (und für jede Druckfarbe natürlich) wird nun aus der Flächenbedeckung anhand der zuvor tabellarisch ermittelten Druckkennlinie unter Berücksichtigung des Uebereinanderdrucks ein Remissions-Subsollwert RS berechnet s (Tabellenzwischenwerte können durch Interpolation gefunden werden). Aus den einzelnen Remissions-Subsollwerten RS jedes Bildelements E s wird dann durch z.B. arithmetrische Mittelung der Remissions-Sollwert R des betreffenden Bildelements E berechnet, welcher zum Vergleich mit den entsprechenden Remissions-Istwerten R. der Druckerzeugnisse D benötigt wird.The area coverage of each individual sub-element SE is determined by means of the plate scanner 220 in a manner known per se, for example by remission measurement integrally over the area of the sub-element or by means of television scanning or scanning using discrete photo sensor fields or the like. For each sub-element SE (and for each printing ink, of course), a remission subset value RS is now calculated from the area coverage on the basis of the printing characteristic curve previously determined in tabular form, taking into account the overprinting (intermediate table values can be found by interpolation). The individual remission subset values RS of each picture element E s then become the remission setpoint, for example by arithmetic averaging value R of the image element E in question, which is required for comparison with the corresponding remission actual values R. of the printed products D.

Der Einfluss der Volltondichte auf die Punktzunahme hängt, wie schon erwähnt, von der Flächenbedeckung ab. Gemäss einem weiteren wichtigen Aspekt der Erfindung wird daher jedem Subelement SE ein diesen Einfluss berücksichtigender Subvolltongewichtsfaktor GSe zugeordnet. Diese Gewichtsfaktoren enthalten die erforderliche Volltonänderung (Schichtdickenänderung) für jede Druckfarbe für eine gewünschte Remissionsänderung unter Berücksichtigung des Uebereinanderdrucks und der örtlichen Flächenbedeckung. Die Gewichtsfaktoren können aus Tabellen für die Volltonänderung in Funktion der Remissionsänderung bestimmt werden. Diese Tabellen können aus den Tabellenwerten für die Remission in Funktion der Volltondichte (siehe Volltondichteeinfluss) ermittelt werden.The influence of the solid color density on the dot gain depends, as already mentioned, on the area coverage. According to a further important aspect of the invention, each sub-element SE is assigned a sub-full weight factor GS e that takes this influence into account. These weight factors contain the required change in full tone (change in layer thickness) for each printing ink for a desired change in reflectance, taking into account the overprint and the local area coverage. The weighting factors can be determined from tables for the full tone change as a function of the reflectance change. These tables can be determined from the table values for the reflectance as a function of the solid density (see influence of solid density).

Aus den Sub-Volltongewichtsfaktoren GS e der einzelnen Subelemente SE jedes Bildelements E wird z.B. durch arithmetische Mittelung ein mittlerer Volltongewichtsfaktor Ge für das gesamte betreffende Bildelement E gebildet. Diese mittleren Volltongewichtsfaktoren G werden nun dazu benutzt, das Gewicht festzulegen, mit welchem eine allfällige Abweichung des Remissions-Istwertes R. vom Remissions-Sollwert R jedes einzelnen Bildelements E in die Berechnung des Qualitätsmasses Q bzw. der Steuergrössen ST.für die Farbführung eingehen soll. Bei der Bildung des mittleren Volltongewichtsfaktors Ge kann z.B. auch die Standard-Abweichung im Sinne einer Gewichtsreduktion bei grosser Standardabweichung mit berücksichtigt werden.From the sub-full tone weight factors GS e of the individual sub-elements SE of each picture element E, an average full-tone weight factor G e for the entire picture element E in question is formed, for example, by arithmetic averaging. These mean full-tone weight factors G are now used to determine the weight with which a possible deviation of the actual remission value R. from the remission target value R of each individual picture element E should be included in the calculation of the quality measure Q or the control variables ST . When forming the average full tone weight factor G e , for example, the standard deviation in the sense of a weight reduction with a large standard deviation can also be taken into account.

Für die empfindungsgemässe Beurteilung der Druckqualität ist es auch möglich, jedem einzelnen Bildelement E (oder eventuell auch jedem Subelement SE) einen Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor H (bzw. Sub- Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor HSe) zuzuordnen, welcher einen empfindungsmetrischen Beurteilungsmassstab für Sollwert-Istwertabweichungen darstellt. Diese Empfindungsgewichtsfaktoren können z.B. nach CIELAB (Comite International de l'Eclairage) aus den dort definierten empfindungsmetrischen Grössen L*, a*, b* ermittelt werden.For the sensory assessment of the print quality, it is also possible to assign a sensory weight factor H (or sub-sensory weight factor HS e ) to each individual image element E (or possibly also to each sub-element SE), which represents a sensory-metrical assessment scale for deviations from the setpoint and actual values. These sensory weight factors can be determined, for example, according to CIELAB (Comite International de l'Eclairage) from the sensory metrics L * , a * , b * defined there.

Für die Beurteilung der Druckqualität wird nun anhand der Abweichungen Δe zwischen gemessenen Remissions-Istwerten R. i und vorausberechneten Remissions-Sollwerten R für jede Druckfarbe ein Qualitätsmass Q errechnet und in geeigneter Weise angezeigt. Die Berechnung dieses Qualitätsmasses kann beispielsweise derart erfolgen, dass die Abweichungen Ae mit dem jeweiligen zugeordneten Vollton- und/oder Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor G bzw. H gewichtet und über einen oder mehrere ausgewählte Flächenbereiche des Druckerzeugnisses addiert (integriert) werden. Die Flächenbereiche können dabei dem jeweiligen Druckerzeugnis angepasst werden. Es ist ferner auch möglich, auf diese Weise zu mehreren Qualitätsmassen zu kommen.For the assessment of the print quality, a quality measure Q is now calculated for each printing ink and displayed in a suitable manner on the basis of the deviations Δ e between the measured actual remission values R. i and the previously calculated remission setpoint values R. This quality measure can be calculated, for example, in such a way that the deviations A e are weighted with the respectively assigned full tone and / or sensation weighting factor G or H and added (integrated) over one or more selected surface areas of the printed product. The surface areas can be adapted to the respective printed product. It is also possible to achieve several quality measures in this way.

Eine besondere Rolle als Flächenbereiche bilden die durch die Druckmaschine vorgegebenen Druckzonen Z (Fig. 2).Für die automatische Regelung der Farbführungsorgane 111-114 der Druckmaschine werden die Steuergrössen ST vorzugsweise für jede einzelne Druckzone individuell ermittelt, indem die mit den Volltongewichtsfaktoren G gewichteten Abweichungen Δe der Remissions-Istwerte Ri von den Remissions-Sollwerten Rs der Bildelemente E über die gesamte jeweilige Druckzone Z summiert (integriert) werden. Selbstverständlich sind aber auch hier auch andere Bewertungs- und Berechnungsmethoden möglich.The print zones Z (FIG. 2) specified by the printing press play a special role as surface areas. For the automatic control of the ink guide members 111-114 of the printing press, the control variables ST are preferably determined individually for each individual printing zone by the deviations weighted by the full-tone weight factors G. Δ e of the actual remission values R i from the remission nominal values R s of the picture elements E are summed (integrated) over the entire respective printing zone Z. Of course, other evaluation and calculation methods are also possible here.

Die eigentliche Verstellung der Farbführungsorgane 111-114 aufgrund der Steuergrössen ST erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise (siehe beispielsweise US-PS 4 200 932) und ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung.The actual adjustment of the ink guide members 111-114 based on the control variables ST takes place in a manner known per se (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,200,932) and is not the subject of the invention.

Die vom Plattenscanner 220 ermittelten Flächenbedeckungen können über die einzelnen Druckzonen Z integriert und z.B. wie in US-PS 3 185 088 beschrieben zur Voreinstellung der Farbführungsorgane benutzt werden.The area coverage determined by the plate scanner 220 can be integrated via the individual pressure zones Z and e.g. as described in US Pat. No. 3,185,088 used for presetting the color guide members.

Wie schon erwähnt, erfolgt die Vorausberechung der Remissions-Sollwerte Ri der einzelnen Bildelemente E aufgrund der Flächenbedeckungen der entsprechenden Bildelemente der einzelnen Druckplatten P oder, falls die Messungen an diesen aus irgendwelchen Gründen nicht durchführbar sein sollte, der entsprechenden Raster-Filme, aufgrund welcher die Druckplatten hergestellt wurden.As already mentioned, the remission target values R i of the individual image elements E are calculated in advance on the basis of the area coverage of the corresponding image elements of the individual printing plates P or, if the measurements on these cannot be carried out for any reason, on the corresponding raster films, on the basis of which the printing plates were made.

Dies gilt für die Ersteinstellung und den Anlauf der Druckmaschine. Zur Steuerung des Fortdrucks kann als Vergleichsbasis aber ohne weiteres auch ein für gut befundenes Druckerzeugnis, ein sogenannter OK-Bogen 0KB herangezogen werden. Dieser bräuchte dann nicht mehr mit derselben Auflösung wie die Druckplatten P abgetastet zu werden, da ja nur noch die Remissionen in den einzelnen Bildelementen interessieren. Diese Remissionen können entweder, wenn nicht ohnehin schon gespeichert vorhanden, mittels des OK-Bogen-Abtasters 320 oder auch mittels des Plattenscanners 220 ermittelt werden. Die den einzelnen Bildelementen zugeordneten Gewichtsfaktoren G und/oder H können von der früheren Ausmessung der Druckplatten P übernommen werden.This applies to the initial setup and startup of the press. To control the production run, a printed product that is found to be good, a so-called OK sheet 0KB, can also be used as a basis for comparison. This would then no longer need to be scanned with the same resolution as the printing plates P, since only the remissions in the individual picture elements are of interest. These remissions can be determined either using the OK sheet scanner 320, or else using the plate scanner 220, if they are not already stored. The weight factors G and / or H assigned to the individual picture elements can be adopted from the earlier measurement of the printing plates P.

Die densitometrische Ausmessung der Druckerzeugnisse D an der laufenden Maschine kann auf verschiedenste Art erfolgen, solange sichergestellt ist, dass die Remission bzw. Remissionsänderung jedes Bildelements für jede Farbe erfasst wird. Dabei braucht nicht unbedingt jedes einzelne Druckerzeugnis D vollständig ausgemessen zu werden, sondern es genügt auch eine sequentielle Messung unterschiedlicher Bildelemente an aufeinanderfolgenden Druckerzeugnissen. Ferner kann z.B. jede einzelne Farbe nach dem jeweiligen Farbwerk gemessen werden oder die Remissionen in den einzelnen Druckfarben können gemeinsam am fertigen Druckerzeugnis bestimmt werden. Besonders zweckmässig ist eine doppelte Messung vor und nach jedem einzelnen Farbwerk, da auf diese Weise der Einfluss der jeweiligen Farbe besonders exakt erfasst werden kann.The densitometric measurement of the printed products D on the running machine can be carried out in a wide variety of ways, as long as it is ensured that the remission or remission change of each image element is recorded for each color. It is not absolutely necessary for each individual printed product D to be completely measured a sequential measurement of different image elements on successive printed products is sufficient. Furthermore, for example, each individual color can be measured according to the respective inking unit, or the remissions in the individual printing inks can be determined together on the finished printed product. A double measurement before and after each individual inking unit is particularly expedient, since in this way the influence of the respective color can be recorded particularly precisely.

Schliesslich sei noch erwähnt, das anstelle der Abtastung der Druckplatten oder der Raster-Filme auch die Verwendung von Abtastdaten, die bei der Herstellung der Litho-Filme bzw. der Druckplatten anfallen, möglich ist.Finally, it should also be mentioned that instead of scanning the printing plates or the raster films, it is also possible to use scanning data which are produced in the production of the litho films or the printing plates.

Claims (21)

1. Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität eines vorzugsweise auf einer Offset-Druckmaschine hergestellten Druckerzeugnisses, wobei das Druckerzeugnis und eine Referenz je in Bildelemente (E) eingeteilt und bildelementweise fotoelektrisch ausgemessen werden, wobei für jedes Bildelement (E) ein entsprechender Remissions-Sollwert (R ) bzw. ein Remissions-Istwert (R.) ermittelt wird und die Remissions-Soll- und i Istwerte entsprechender Bildelemente miteinander verglichen werden, und wobei anhand dieser Vergleiche ein Qualitätsmass (Q) ermittelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ermittlung und der Vergleich der Remissions-Soll- und Istwerte (R , Ri) für jede Druckfarbe vorgenommen wird, dass jedem Bildelement (E) ein Empfindungsmass für Farbabweichungen bildender Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor (H ) und/oder in Abhängig- keit von seiner Flächenbedeckung und Farbe ein den Einfluss der Volltondichte auf die Remission beschreibender Volltongewichtsfaktor (G ) zugeordnet wird, und dass die Unterschiede zwischen den Remissions-Sollwerten (R ) und den entsprechenden Remissions-Istwerten (R.) mit dem jeweils zugeordneten Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor (He) bzw. Vollton- gewichtsfaktor (G ) bewertet werden.1. A method for assessing the print quality of a printed product, preferably produced on an offset printing machine, the printed product and a reference each being divided into picture elements (E) and measured picture-by-picture photoelectrically, with a corresponding remission target value (R ) or an actual remission value (R.) is determined and the target and actual remission values of corresponding image elements are compared with one another, and a quality measure (Q) is determined on the basis of these comparisons, characterized in that the determination and the comparison the reflectance target and actual values (R, R i ) are carried out for each printing ink, so that each picture element (E) has a perceptual weighting factor for color deviations (H) and / or, depending on its area coverage and color, the influence of the Full tone density is assigned to the full tone weight factor (G) describing the remission, and that d he differences between the remission setpoints (R) and the corresponding remission actual values (R.) are assessed with the respectively assigned sensation weight factor (H e ) or full tone weight factor (G). 2. Verfahren nach A1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Referenz für die einzelnen Farben die jeweilige Druckplatte (P) oder die ihr zugrundeliegende fotographische Vorlage verwendet wird, dass für jedes Bildelement dieser Referenz die Flächenbedeckung ermittelt wird und dass der Remissions-Sollwert (R ) für jedes Bildelement (E) und jede Druckfarbe unter Berücksichtigung der für den Druckprozess massgeblichen Parameter wie Druckkennlinie, Einfluss der Volltondichte etc. aus der jeweiligen Flächenbedeckung des betreffenden Bildelements berechnet wird.2. Method according to A1, characterized in that the respective printing plate (P) or the photographic template on which it is based is used as a reference for the individual colors, that the area coverage is determined for each image element of this reference and that the remission setpoint (R) for each image element (E) and each printing ink, taking into account the parameters relevant to the printing process, such as the printing characteristic, influence of the solid density, etc., from the respective area coverage of the image element in question. 3. Verfahren nach Al, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Referenz ein für gut befundenes Druckerzeugnis (OKB) verwendet wird.3. The method according to A1, characterized in that a printed product which is found to be good (OKB) is used as a reference. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ermittlung der Remissions-Sollwerte (R ) für die Bildelemente (E) der Referenz (P) mit grösserer Auflösung erfolgt als die Bestimmung der Remissions-Istwerte (Ri) für die Bildelemente (E) des Druckerzeugnisses (D).4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the determination of the remission target values (R) for the picture elements (E) of the reference (P) is carried out with a higher resolution than the determination of the remission actual values (R i ). for the picture elements (E) of the printed product (D). 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bildelemente (E) des Druckerzeugnisses (D) integral ausgemessen werden.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the image elements (E) of the printed product (D) are measured integrally. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflösung bei der Ausmessung bei der Referenz (P) um wenigstens 10 mal grösser ist als beim Druckerzeugnis.6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the resolution in the measurement at the reference (P) is at least 10 times greater than in the printed product. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fläche der Bildelemente etwa 25 bis 400 mm2, vorzugsweise etwa 1 cm2 beträgt.7. The method according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that the area of the picture elements is approximately 25 to 400 mm 2 , preferably approximately 1 cm 2 . 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Ausmessung der Referenz (P) die Bildelemente (E) in Subelemente (SE) von etwa 0,25 bis 25 mm2, vorzugsweise etwa 1 mm unterteilt werden.8. The method according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that when measuring the reference (P), the picture elements (E) are sub-divided into sub-elements (SE) of approximately 0.25 to 25 mm 2, preferably approximately 1 mm. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für jedes einzelne Subelement (SE) eines Bildelements (E) unter Berücksichtigung der für den Druckprozess massgeblichen Parameter ein Remissions-Subsollwert (RSs) und aus allen Remissions-Subsollwerten eines Bild- elements der Remissions-Sollwert (R ) des betreffenden Bildelements gebildet wird.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that for each individual sub-element (SE) of a picture element (E), taking into account the parameters relevant for the printing process, a remission sub-setpoint (RS s ) and from all remission sub-setpoints of a picture element Remission target value (R) of the relevant picture element is formed. 10. Verfahren nach Asnpruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Remissions-Sollwert (R ) durch ein Mittelungsverfahren aus den Remissions-Subsollwerten (RS ) berechnet wird. s10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the remission target value (R) is calculated by an averaging method from the remission sub-target values (RS). s 11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedem Subelement (SE) ein Sub-Volltongewichtsfaktor (GSe) und/oder ein Sub-Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor (HS ) zugeordnet wird, und dass der Vollton- bzw. der Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor (Ge, He) eines Bildelements (E) beispielsweise durch Mittelung aus den Sub-Vollton- bzw. -Empfindungsgewichtsfaktoren (GS ,HS ) der Subelemente (SE) des betreffenden Bildelements berechnet wird.11. The method according to any one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that each sub-element (SE) is assigned a sub-full tone weight factor (GS e ) and / or a sub-sensation weight factor (HS), and that the full tone or the sensation weight factor (G e , H e ) of a picture element (E) is calculated, for example, by averaging the sub-full tone or feel weight factors (GS, HS) of the sub-elements (SE) of the relevant picture element. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die einzelnen Druckfarben aus den Differenzen (Δ) zwischen den e Remissions-Istwerten (R.) und den Remissions-Sollwerten (R ) der zu i s einer gemeinsamen Druckzone (Z) oder einem ausgewählten Flächenbereich gehörenden Bildelemente (E) durch mit dem Vollton- und/oder Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor (Ge,He) der betreffenden Bildelemente gewichtete Summation (Integration) der einzelnen Differenzen (Δe) über die jeweilige Druckzone (Z) bzw. den jeweiligen Flächenbereich ein Zonenfehlerwert (Δz) bzw. ein Bereichsfehlerwert gebildet wird, und dass das Qualitätsmass (Q) anhand dieser Zonenfehlerwerte (A ) bzw. dieser Bereichsfehlerwerte ermittelt wird.12. The method according to claim 3 or 11, characterized in that for the individual printing inks from the differences (Δ) between the e actual remission values (R.) and the remission target values (R) of the to a common printing zone (Z) or image elements (E) belonging to a selected surface area by means of the summation (integration) of the individual differences (Δ e ) over the respective pressure zone (Z) or the weighted with the full tone and / or sensation weight factor (G e , H e ) of the image elements in question a zone error value (Δ z ) or an area error value is formed in the respective area, and that the quality measure (Q) is determined on the basis of these zone error values (A) or these area error values. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für jede Druckfarbe die Remissions-Sollwerte (R ) und die zugehörigen Vollton- und/oder Empfindungsgewichtsfaktoren (Ge,He) der Bildelemente (E) jeweils von ein und derselben Referenz (P) gewonnen werden.13. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that for each printing ink the reflectance target values (R) and the associated full tone and / or perceptual weighting factors (G e , H e ) of the picture elements (E) are in each case from one and the same reference (P ) be won. 14. Verfahren nach Asnpruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Remissions-Sollwerte (R ) aufgrund eines für gut befundenen Druck- erzeugnisses (OKB) und die Vollton- und/oder Empfindungsgewichtsfaktoren (Ge,Be) aufgrund der zugehörigen Druckplatten (P) oder fotografischen Vorlagen ermittelt werden.14. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the remission setpoints (R) are based on a print product that is found to be good (OKB) and the full tone and / or sensation weight factors (G e , B e ) can be determined on the basis of the associated printing plates (P) or photographic originals. 15. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Druckerzeugnis (D) für die Ermittlung der Remissions-Istwerte (R.) vor und nach jedem Druckwerk densitometrisch ausgemessen wird.15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the printed product (D) for the determination of the actual remission values (R.) is measured densitometrically before and after each printing unit. 16. Vorrichtung zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität eines vorzugsweise auf einer Offset-Druckmaschine hergestellten Druckerzeugnisses mit Mitteln (120, 220) zur bildelementweisen fotoelektrischen Abtastung von Druckerzeugnissen und einer Referenz und mit einem an diese Abtastmittel angeschlossenen Rechner (150, 250) zum bildelementweisen Vergleich von Druckerzeugnissen und Referenz und zur Bildung eines Qualitätsmasses (Q) aus den Vergleichsergebnissen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rechner dazu ausgebildet ist, jedem Bildelement (E) einen ein Empfindungsmass für Farbabweichungen bildenden Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor (H ) und/oder in Abhängigkeit von seiner Flächenbedeckung und Farbe einen den Einfluss der Volltondichte auf die Remission beschreibenden Volltongewichtsfaktor (G ) zuzuordnen und die von den Abtastmitteln (120, 220) erfassten bildelementweisen Unterschiede zwischen Druckerzeugnis und Referenz mit dem jeweils zugeordneten Empfindungsgewichtsfaktor bzw. Vollton-Gewichtsfaktor zu wichten.16. Apparatus for assessing the print quality of a printed product, preferably produced on an offset printing machine, with means (120, 220) for picture-element-wise photoelectric scanning of printed products and a reference and with a computer (150, 250) connected to these scanning means for picture-wise comparison of printed products and reference and for forming a quality measure (Q) from the comparison results, characterized in that the computer is designed to give each picture element (E) a sensation weight factor (H) forming a sensation measure for color deviations and / or depending on its area coverage and color assign the influence of the full tone density on the full tone weight factor (G) describing the remission and the pixel-by-pixel differences between the printed product and the reference detected by the scanning means (120, 220) with the respectively assigned sensation weight factor or full tone weight factor r to weight. 17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abtastmittel (120, 220) die Referenz (P) mit einer grösseren Auflösung abzutasten imstande sind als die Druckerzeugnisse (D).17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the scanning means (120, 220) are able to scan the reference (P) with a greater resolution than the printed products (D). 18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abtastmittel (120, 220) dazu ausgebildet sind, eine Referenz in Form einer Druckplatte (P) bildelementweise fotoelektrisch abzutasten.18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the scanning means (120, 220) are designed to photoelectrically scan a reference in the form of a printing plate (P). 19. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zur Durchführung der Schritte gemäss einem der Ansprüche 2 - 15 ausgebildet ist.19. Device according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that it is designed to carry out the steps according to one of claims 2-15. 20. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 16 - 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Anzeige (171, 172, 270, 370) zur bildmässigen Darstellung der gemessenen Remissionen der Referenz und/oder der daraus berechneten Remissions-Sollwerte und/oder der Remissions-Istwerte der Druckerzeugnisse und/oder der Unterschiede zwischen den Remissions-Soll- und den -Istwerten und/oder eines anderen Qualitätsmasses umfasst.20. Device according to one of claims 16 - 19, characterized in that it has a display (171, 172, 270, 370) for the pictorial representation of the measured remissions of the reference and / or the remission target values calculated therefrom and / or the remission Actual values of the printed products and / or the differences between the target and actual remission values and / or another quality measure. 21. Offset-Druckmaschine, gekennzeichnet durch eine Vorrichtung zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität gemäss einem der Ansprüche 16 - 20.21. offset printing machine, characterized by a device for assessing the print quality according to one of claims 16-20.
EP84810523A 1983-11-04 1984-10-29 Method and device for judging the printing quality of a printed object, preferably printed by an offset printing machine, and offset printing machine provided with such a device Expired EP0142470B1 (en)

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AT84810523T ATE31673T1 (en) 1983-11-04 1984-10-29 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EVALUATION OF THE PRINTING QUALITY OF A PRINT PRODUCT PREFERABLY PRODUCED ON AN OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE AND OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH A CORRESPONDING DEVICE.

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CH596583 1983-11-04
CH5965/83 1983-11-04

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EP84810522A Expired EP0142469B1 (en) 1983-11-04 1984-10-29 Method and device for controlling the ink supply in an offset printing machine, and offset printing machine provided with such a device

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CN102666104B (en) * 2009-10-30 2014-10-08 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 Calibrated reflection densitometer
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DE3925011B4 (en) * 1988-08-11 2006-04-13 Eltromat Polygraph Gmbh Method and arrangement for monitoring a print quality of multicolored print originals of an offset printing machine
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EP0763426A3 (en) * 1995-09-13 1997-07-02 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Method for controlling the inking in a printing machine
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EP0825023A3 (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-10-07 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Method for the determination of set-up data for the control of a printing machine
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EP1279501A3 (en) * 2001-07-26 2006-11-29 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Ink and water supply controller in printing machine, printing system with such controller, and program therefor
EP1385330A3 (en) * 2002-07-19 2007-02-28 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Print quality measuring method and print quality measuring apparatus
US7800798B2 (en) 2002-07-19 2010-09-21 Dainnippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Print quality measuring method and print quality measuring apparatus
WO2007110317A1 (en) * 2006-03-28 2007-10-04 Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft Method for setting an inking unit of a printing press
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DK159958B (en) 1991-01-07
DK522284D0 (en) 1984-11-02
AU578431B2 (en) 1988-10-27
DK159958C (en) 1991-06-03
DK522184A (en) 1985-05-05
ES8507044A1 (en) 1985-09-16
ZA848572B (en) 1985-06-26
DE3465930D1 (en) 1987-10-15
NO163601B (en) 1990-03-19
JPS60110451A (en) 1985-06-15
JPS60176765A (en) 1985-09-10
ES8600625A1 (en) 1985-10-16
ATE31673T1 (en) 1988-01-15
DE3468367D1 (en) 1988-02-11
AU577068B2 (en) 1988-09-15
JPH0522580B2 (en) 1993-03-30
ES537316A0 (en) 1985-10-16
NO163602B (en) 1990-03-19
JPS60114728A (en) 1985-06-21
NO163601C (en) 1990-06-27
US4660159A (en) 1987-04-21
EP0142469B1 (en) 1987-09-09
AU3496684A (en) 1985-05-09
DK159959C (en) 1991-06-03
EP0142469A1 (en) 1985-05-22
NO844369L (en) 1985-05-06
CA1217273A (en) 1987-01-27
NO844368L (en) 1985-05-06
AU3496784A (en) 1985-05-09
ZA848573B (en) 1985-06-26
EP0142470B1 (en) 1988-01-07
CA1217274A (en) 1987-01-27
JPH0522579B2 (en) 1993-03-30
ATE29434T1 (en) 1987-09-15
DK159959B (en) 1991-01-07
ZA848574B (en) 1986-07-30
NO163602C (en) 1990-06-27
US4665496A (en) 1987-05-12
DK522184D0 (en) 1984-11-02
DK522284A (en) 1985-05-05
JPH0522581B2 (en) 1993-03-30
ES537314A0 (en) 1985-09-16

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