EP0165138A2 - Concentrated softening compositions based on quaterny ammonium-containing cationic surfactants - Google Patents

Abstract

The compositions contain, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, from 10 to 25% of at least one cationic surface-active agent of the quaternary ammonium type in combination with a viscosity-lowering organic salt, the viscosity of the said composition being lower than 300 millipascal-seconds. Application: softeners for textiles.

Description

The present invention relates to concentrated aqueous compositions or formulations based on surface active quaternary ammonium compounds, intended in particular for softening textiles; it also relates to the preparation of these formulations.

Concentrated fabric softeners are products which are more and more sought after by both formulators and users. Indeed, these products offer numerous advantages, for equal quality, compared to ordinary fabric softeners which contain approximately 4 to 6% of quaternary ammonium salts.

For the user, they are generally inexpensive, packaged in smaller packages (they therefore occupy less volume) and are often more economical. For the manufacturer, for equal active material, the packaging is reduced, that is to say that the packaging costs and the cost of packaging are lower, the storage, transport and handling costs are also reduced and the manufacturing capacities are increased. The only drawback of these formulations is that they are more difficult to produce, in particular from the point of view of stability and fluidity. Indeed, these formulations must remain sufficiently fluid to flow correctly in the distribution systems of washing machines, although, of course, a dilution of the formulation to achieve this goal, although more restrictive, is always possible.

The concentrated aqueous softening formulations according to the invention contain, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, 10 to 25% of at least one cationic surfactant of ammonium type quaternary in combination with a viscosity reducing agent in an amount sufficient for the viscosity of said formulation to be less than 300 millipascals-second.

The formulations according to the invention can also contain nonionic surfactants as emulsifying and stabilizing agents.

In the formulations according to the invention, any type of cationic surfactant based on quaternary ammonium having at least one higher alkyl chain can be used. Such surfactants are practically insoluble in water at concentrations by weight of 5 to 20% or more.

dans laquelle :

• - R₁ et R₂, identiques ou différents, représentent indépendamment l'un de l'autre, l'hydrogène ou des radicaux alkyle inférieur ayant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone substitués ou non et interrompus ou non par un ou plusieurs groupements fonctionnels, tels que -OH, -0-,
• -CONH-, -COO-, etc. et/ou des chaînes polyalcoxylées contenant de 1 à 5 fonctions éther, telles que les chaînes polyéthoxylées ou polypropoxylées.
• - R₃ et R₄ représentent des radicaux à longue chaîne aliphatique à caractère lipophile, formés de 10 à environ 24 atomes de carbone, de préférence 12 à 20 atomes de carbone, reliés ou non par une ou des doubles liaisons, substitués ou non et interrompus ou non par au moins un groupement fonctionnel tel que -OH-, -0-, -CONH-, -COO-, etc.
• - _X est un anion qui est de préférence un ion chlorure, bromure, méthylsulfate, éthylsulfate, acétate, lactate, formiate, gluconate, phosphate, etc.

Among the cationic surfactants preferred for the purposes of the invention, mention may be made of the compounds of formula:

in which :

• - R ₁ and R ₂ , identical or different, represent independently of one another, hydrogen or lower alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted or not and interrupted or not by one or more functional groups , such as -OH, -0-,
• -CONH-, -COO-, etc. and / or polyalkoxylated chains containing from 1 to 5 ether functions, such as polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated chains.
• - R ₃ and R ₄ represent radicals with a long aliphatic chain of lipophilic character, formed from 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms, linked or not by one or double bonds, substituted or not and interrupted or not by at least one functional group such as -OH-, -0-, -CONH-, -COO-, etc.
• - _X is an anion which is preferably a chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, lactate, formate, gluconate, phosphate, etc. ion.

• le chlorure de diméthyl-di(suif hydrogéné)ammonium, le chlorure de dimêthyl-di(suif)ammonium, le méthylsulfate de diméthyl-di(suif)ammonium, le chlorure de diméthyl-di(palme)ammonium, le chlorure de diméthyl- dihexadécyl-ammonium, le chlorure de diméthyl-di-octa- décyl-ammonium, le chlorure de diéthyl_-dihexadécyl- ammonium, le chlorure de dieicosyldiméthyl-ammonium, le méthylsulfate de di(2-stéaroyloxyéthyl)méthyl-2-hydroxyéthylammonium, le méthylsulfate de di(2-palmi-. toyloxyéthyl)méthyl-2 hydroxyéthylammonium, le méthylsulfate de di(2-alkyloyloxyéthyl)méthyl-2-hydroxy- éthyl-ammonium, les lactate, gluconate ou acétate de N,N-bis (2-alkylamidoéthyl) N-(2-hydroxyéthyl)amine et les produits éthoxylés ou propoxylés en chaîne suif, oléine, palme, suif hydrogéné ou stéarique. Les lactate, gluconate ou acétate de N,N-bis(2-alkylamidoéthyl)-N(2-hydroxypropyl)amine et les produits éthoxylés ou propoxylés en chaîne suif, oléine, palme, suif hydrogéné ou stéarique. Le chlorure ou le méthylsulfate de N,N- bis-(2-alkylamidoéthyl)-N-(2-hydroxyéthyl)-N-méthyl-ammonium et les produits éthoxylés ou propoxylés en chaîne suif, oléine, suif hydrogéné, palme, stéarique. Le chlorure ou le méthylsulfate de N,N-bis(2-alkylamidoéthyl)-N-(2-hydroxypropyl )-N-méthyl-ammonium et les produits éthoxylés ou propoxylés en chaîne suif, oléine, palme, suif hydrogéné, stéarique. Le chlorure ou méthylsulfate de N,N-bis(alkyl)-N(2-hydroxypropyl)-N-méthyl-ammonium en chaîne suif, oléine ou palme. Le chlorure ou le méthylsulfate de N-alkyl-N-(2-alkyl acétate ester) N,N-diméthylammonium en chaîne suif, palme, suif hydro- géné, oléine ou stéarique.

Representative examples of these softening cationic surfactants for textiles are:

• dimethyl-di (hydrogenated tallow) ammonium chloride, dimethyl-di (tallow) ammonium chloride, dimethyl-di (tallow) ammonium methyl sulfate, dimethyl-di (palm) ammonium chloride, dimethyl chloride dihexadecyl-ammonium, dimethyl-di-octadecyl-ammonium chloride, diethyl _- dihexadecyl-ammonium chloride, dieicosyldimethyl-ammonium chloride, di (2-stearoyloxyethyl) methyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium methylsulfate, methylsulfate di (2-palmi-. toyloxyethyl) methyl-2 hydroxyethylammonium, di (2-alkyloyloxyethyl) methyl-2-hydroxyethyl ethyl ammonium sulfate, lactates, gluconate or acetate of N, N-bis (2-alkylamidoethyl ) N- (2-hydroxyethyl) amine and ethoxylated or propoxylated products in tallow, olein, palm, hydrogenated or stearic tallow chain. N, N-bis (2-alkylamidoethyl) -N (2-hydroxypropyl) amine lactate, gluconate or acetate and the ethoxylated or propoxylated products in tallow, olein, palm, hydrogenated or stearic tallow chain. N, N-bis- (2-alkylamidoethyl) -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-methyl-ammonium chloride or methyl sulfate and the ethoxylated or propoxylated products in tallow, olein, hydrogenated tallow, palm, stearic chain. N, N-bis (2-alkylamidoethyl) -N- (2-hydroxypropyl) -N-methyl-ammonium chloride or methyl sulfate and the ethoxylated or propoxylated products in tallow, olein, palm, hydrogenated tallow, stearic chain. Chloride or methyl N, N-bis (alkyl) -N (2-hydroxypropyl) -N-methyl-ammonium sulfate in the tallow, olein or palm chain. The N-alkyl-N- (2-alkyl acetate ester) N, N-dimethylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate in the tallow, palm, hydrogenated tallow, olein or stearic chain.

ou leurs produits d'hydrolyse, dans laquelle :

• R₅ est un radical alkyle contenant 8 à 25 atomes de carbone reliés ou non par une ou des doubles liaisons, R₆ est un hydrogène ou un radical alkyle contenant de 1 à
• 4 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 1 à 3 atomes de carbone, substitués ou non par un ou des groupements hydroxy ou carboxy, R₇ est un hydrogène ou un radical alkyle contenant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone, R₈ est un radical alkyle contenant de 9 à 25 atomes de carbone,
• de préférence de 12 à 20 atomes de carbone, reliés ou non par une ou des doubles liaisons;Y est un anion de préférence de type chlorure, bromure, méthylsulfate, éthylsulfate, acétate, lactate, formiate, gluconate, phosphate etc.

Among the surfactants, there will also be mentioned imidazoliniums having the formula:

or their hydrolysis products, in which:

• R ₅ is an alkyl radical containing 8 to 25 carbon atoms linked or not by one or double bonds, R ₆ is a hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to
• 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted or not by one or more hydroxy or carboxy groups, R ₇ is a hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ₈ is a radical alkyl containing from 9 to 25 carbon atoms,
• preferably from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, linked or not by one or double bonds; Y is an anion preferably of the chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, lactate, formate, gluconate, phosphate, etc. type.

These imidazolinium compounds include in particular 1-methyl-1 (alkyl (tallow) -amido) ethyl-2-alkyl (tallow) -4.5 dihydroimidazolinium methoxysulfate, 2-methyl-1 chloride (alkyl palm-amido ) ethyl-2-heptadecyl- 4,5-dihydroimidazo-linium, 2-heptadecyl-1-methyl-1- (2-stearylido) ethyl-imidazolinium chloride, 2-lauryl-1-hydroxyethyl-1 oleyl-imidazolinium chloride.

One or more of these cationic surfactants are present in the formulation according to the invention at a concentration greater than or equal to 10% by weight. Below these concentrations, stable, low-viscosity emulsions whose viscosity is less than 300 milli ^p ascals-second are easy to prepare. The choice of cationic surfactant concentration is determined based on practical considerations. The concentration of cationic surfactants can range from 10% to 25% or more, but it is generally of the order of 15 to 20% by weight.

The other essential constituent of the formulations according to the invention is an agent which lowers the viscosity of concentrated emulsions based on cationic surfactants of quaternary ammonium type so as to obtain formulations which are easily pourable at ordinary temperature.

It is well known that the addition of generally mineral salts, in emulsions containing at least 4% of cationic surfactants, makes it possible to substantially reduce its viscosity; but by the use of these salts, one quickly finds itself limited in concentration and moreover the emulsions thus prepared change fairly quickly in viscosity during storage or separate into two phases, even at ordinary temperature.

The viscosity-lowering agents used in the formulations according to the invention are organic salts, the particular structure of which provides them with high efficiency with respect to cationic surfactants but also with respect to water (for example their ability to create hydrogen bonds with water). These combined effects make it possible to obtain a lowering surprising viscosity with good stability over time and without risk of breakage.

The particular structure of these organic salts is due to the presence of several atoms of an electronegative character, chosen from oxygen, nitrogen, halogens and the like, which are capable of combining with water molecules by hydrogen bonds.

These viscosity-lowering agents include in particular organic salts, such as amine salts, quaternary ammonium or quaternary polyammonium salts, carboxylates, the molecular weight of which is between 50 and 500 and preferably between 100 and 450 .

dans laquelle :

• - R₉₂ R₁₀ et R₁₁ sont l'hydrogène ou des radicaux contenant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, de préférence 1 à 5 atomes de carbone, substitués ou non et interrompus ou non par une ou des fonctions, telles que -OH, -COO-, -0-, -CONH-, -COOH, -COONa, etc.
• - Z est un anion choisi parmi des anions minéraux de type chlorure, bromure, sulfate,nitrate, phosphate, etc. ou des anions organiques, tels que par exemple les- gluconates, les glutamates et similaires. Ces sels ont en général un poids moléculaire compris entre 150 et 450. Les sels d'ammonium quaternaire sont de préférence des sels de formule :
  
  dans laquelle
• - R₁₂ est de préférence un radical alkyle ayant de 1 à 3 atomes de carbone, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅ sont des radicaux ayant de 1 à 5 atomes de carbone, substitués ou non et interrompus ou non par des fonctions du type -OH, -0-, -COO-, -CONH-, -COOH, - COONa, etc.
• - A est un anion choisi de préférence parmi les chlorures, méthylsulfates, éthylsulfates,bromures, phosphates et similaires. Leur poids moléculaire est généralement compris entre 100 et 450.

The amine salts are preferably salts of formula:

in which :

• - R ₉₂ R ₁₀ and R ₁₁ are hydrogen or radicals containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, substituted or not and interrupted or not by one or more functions, such as -OH , -COO-, -0-, -CONH-, -COOH, -COONa, etc.
• - Z is an anion chosen from mineral anions of the chloride, bromide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate type, etc. or organic anions, such as, for example, gluconates, glutamates and the like. These salts generally have a molecular weight of between 150 and 450. The quaternary ammonium salts are preferably salts of formula:
  
  in which
• - R ₁₂ is preferably an alkyl radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R ₁₃ , R ₁₄ , R ₁₅ are radicals having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, substituted or not and interrupted or not by functions of the type -OH, -0-, -COO-, -CONH-, -COOH, - COONa, etc.
• - A is an anion preferably chosen from chlorides, methylsulphates, ethylsulphates, bromides, phosphates and the like. Their molecular weight is generally between 100 and 450.

dans laquelle :

• - R₁₆ est un atome d'hydrogène ou un radical alkyle contenant de préférence 1 à 3 atomes de carbone,
• - R₁₇, R₁₈, R , et R₂₀ sont des radicaux ayant de 1 à 5 atomes de carbone, substitués ou non et interrompus ou non par des fonctions du type -OH, -O-, -COO-, -CONH-, -COOH, -COONa, etc.
• - A est un anion choisi de préférence parmi les chlorures, méthylsulfates, éthylsulfates, bromures, phosphates et similaires.
• - n est un nombre entier compris entre 1 et 6.
• - m est un nombre entier compris entre 1 et 12, la chaîne carbonée reliant les atomes d'azote pouvant éventuellement être interrompue par une ou plusieurs fonctions de type ester, éther ou amide.

The quaternary polyammonium salts are preferably salts of formula:

in which :

• - R ₁₆ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical preferably containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
• - R ₁₇ , R ₁₈ , R, and R ₂₀ are radicals having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, substituted or not and interrupted or not by functions of the type -OH, -O-, -COO-, -CONH- , -COOH, -COONa, etc.
• - A is an anion preferably chosen from chlorides, methylsulphates, ethylsulphates, bromides, phosphates and the like.
• - n is an integer between 1 and 6.
• - m is an integer between 1 and 12, the carbon chain connecting the nitrogen atoms possibly being be interrupted by one or more functions of ester, ether or amide type.

Their molecular weight is generally between 200 and 2000, preferably between 200 and 1200.

Carboxylates are salts of amines, alkali or alkaline earth metals of mono- or polycarboxylic acids containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and one or more groups of carboxyl and / or hydroxyl type.

Mention may be made, as examples of organic salts which are particularly preferred for the purposes of the invention, of gluconates, glutamates of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine; N, N, N-N-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-methylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate; N, N, N-N-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-ethylammonium chloride or ethyl sulfate; N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N-dimethylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate; N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate; N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N-diethylammonium chloride or ethyl sulfate; gluconic and glutamic acids and their sodium, potassium and ammonium salts.

dans laquelle A est le groupe chloro ou le groupe méthylsulfate.As examples of quaternary polyammonium salts suitable for the purposes of the invention, mention may be made of dichloride or dimethyl sulfate of N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N'-dimethylethylene -diammonium of formula:

in which A is the chloro group or the methyl sulphate group.

The other agents which can be used in the compositions according to the invention are nonionic surfactants, such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated carboxylic acids, alkoxylated ethanolamides. These agents provide an additional emulsifying and stabilizing effect but are not always necessary and, according to the present invention, they are never used alone but only in combination with organic salts which reduce viscosity. They only serve to complement the action of these salts: their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) must be between 6 and 15.5 and preferably between 8 and 15.5.

It is of course possible to use a combination of these salts and these nonionics but always in low concentration. The cumulative content of organic salts and nonionic agents must be less than the cumulative content of cationic surfactants and preferably less than 30% of the cumulative content by weight of the cationic surfactant (s). Preferably, the weight ratio of cationic surfactants to the weight of organic salts and nonionic agents is preferably between 10: 3 and 100: 1.

In addition to cationic surfactants, viscosity-lowering organic salts and nonionic agents present in the formulation, it is possible and even advisable to add functional and comfort additives, such as dispersants, complexing agents, bactericides, antistatics and colorants, optical brighteners, organic solvents, perfume _s with or without solubilizer, depending on the desired effects, if such effects are not already provided by the cationic surfactants, the at least organic viscosity-lowering salts and non-ionic agent (s).

The preparation of the concentrated formulations based on cationic surfactants according to the invention generally consists in mixing the constituents by pouring, with stirring, hot water at around 30 to 60 ° C., into the molten cationic surfactant (s), or conversely, pour the cationic surfactants into hot water, the water containing or not containing the perfume (s) and the non-ionic agent (s), then adding thereto, possibly after cooling to around 20 to 30 ° C., the or sufficient viscosity reducing organic salts and possibly the other additives.

Example 1

17.65 g of an 85% solution of N-methyl-N, N-di [2- (C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ -acyloxy) -ethyl] -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium solution are mixed at 40 ° C with 81.30 g of city water at 40 ° C with gentle stirring. After cooling to 20 ° C., a pseudoplastic emulsion having the appearance of a mobile gel whose viscosity is of the order of 500 millipascals-second is obtained. 0.5 g of N-methyl-N, N, N, N-tri (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium methyl sulfate is then added to this emulsion. A stable fluid emulsion is obtained at 20 ° C., the viscosity of which is close to 50 millipascals-second. It is then possible to add to this fluid emulsion, containing 15% of cationic softening surfactant, the other additives such as colorants and perfumes.

Example 2

18.65 g of an 85% alcoholic solution of N-methyl-N, N-di [2- (C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ -acyloxy) -ethyl] -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) methyl alcohol sulfate are mixed. ammonium containing 1 g of ethoxylated nonylphenol with 14 molecules of ethylene oxide, at 40 ° C, with 80.35 g of city water at 40 ° C with gentle stirring. After mixing, 0.5 g of sodium gluconate is added and then the mixture is allowed to cool with stirring. A fluid emulsion is obtained whose viscosity is close to 50 millipascals-second.

Example 3

13.33 g of dimethyl-distearyl ammonium chloride, mixed with 75% of active material, in hydroalcoholic medium are mixed with 86.7 g of water at around 50 ° C .; after mixing, 0.5 g of sodium gluconate is added at around 30-35 ° C. and then allowed to cool with stirring; a fluid emulsion is obtained whose viscosity is close to 60 millipascals-second.

Example 4

80.3 g of water at 40 ° C. are added with stirring to a mixture of 8 g of distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride with 85% active material, 9.6 g of N-methyl-N methyl sulfate , N-di [2- (C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ -acyloxy) -ethyl] -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium with 85% active ingredient, 1 g of nonylphenol ethoxylated with 14 molecules of ethylene oxide and 0.6 g of perfume. After homogenization, 0.5 g of N-methyl-N, N, N-tri (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium is added and the mixture is allowed to cool with stirring. An emulsion is obtained whose viscosity is close to 50 millipascals-second.

Example 5

78.9 g of water at 40 ° C are added with stirring to a mixture of 20 g of a 75% solution of N, N-di [2- (C ₁₄ -C ₂₀ alkyl) lactate amidoethyl] -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-hydrogenammonium and 0.6 g of perfume. After homogenization, the mixture is allowed to cool to ordinary temperature and then 0.5 g of sodium gluconate is always added with stirring. An emulsion is obtained whose viscosity is close to 130 millipascals-second.

Example 6-

17.65 g of an 85% solution of N-methyl-N, N-di [2- (C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ -acyloxy) -ethyl] -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium solution are mixed at 40 ° C with 81.30 g of city water at 40 ° C with gentle stirring. After cooling to 20 ° C, a pseudoplastic emulsion with the appearance of a mobile gel is obtained, the viscosity of which is around 500 mPa.s. 0.5 g of N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N'-dimethylethylene-diammonium dimethyl sulfate is then added to this emulsion. A stable fluid emulsion is obtained at 20 ° C., the viscosity of which is close to 30 mPa.s. It is then possible to add to this fluid emulsion, containing 15% of cationic softening surfactant, additives such as colorants and perfumes.

Claims (7)

1. Concentrated softening composition for textiles or fibers, characterized in that it contains, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, from 10 to 25% of at least one cationic surfactant of quaternary ammonium type in combination with an organic salt lowering viscosity, the viscosity of said composition being less than 300 millipascals-second. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains at least one nonionic surfactant as stabilizing and emulsifying agent. 3. Composition according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains one or more functional and comfort additives, chosen from dispersants, complexing agents, bactericides, antistatic agents, dyes, optical brighteners and the perfumes. 4. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the softening cationic surfactant is chosen from: a) the quaternary ammonium salts of general formula:

in which R ₁ and R2, which are identical or different, represent independently of one another hydrogen or lower alkyl or hydroxy lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, substituted or not and optionally interrupted by one or more ester, ether, amido functional groups or consisting of polyalkoxylated chains containing 1 to 5 ether functions, - R ₃ and R ₄ , identical or different, each independently of the other represent long chain alkyl radicals having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms optionally substituted and / or interrupted by functional groups ester, ether, amido, hydroxy and X represents an anion chosen from chlorides, bromides, methylsulphates, ethylsulphates, acetates, lactates, formates, gluconates or phosphates ; b) alkylimidazolinium salts or their hydrolysis products of formula:

in which : R ₅ is an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 25 carbon atoms linked or not linked by one or double bonds, R ₆ is a hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted or not by one or hydroxyl groups or carboxy, R ₇ is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ₈ is an alkyl radical containing from 9 to 25 carbon atoms linked or not linked by one or double bonds, Y is an anion of chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, lactate, formate, gluconate, phosphate type. 5. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the organic viscosity-reducing salt is chosen from: a) amine salts of molecular weight between 150 and 450, of general formula:

R ₉ , R ₁₀ , R ₁₁ being 1 or hydrogens or radicals containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted or not by one or more hydroxyl groups and interrupted or not by ester, ether, amide, hydroxy, carboxy and Z is a chloride, bromide, sulfate, nitrate, formate, acetate, lactate, gluconate, phosphate, and the like. b) quaternary ammonium salts, of molecular weight between 100 and 450, of general formula:

R ₁₂ is an alkyl radical of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R _{13 '} R _14' R ₁₅ are radicals of 1 to 5 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups and interrupted or not by ester, ether functions , amide and A is an anion of the chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate or phosphate type. c) salts of mono- or polycarboxylic acids of amines, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals containing in their anionic part from 5 to 8 carbon atoms substituted or not by one or more hydroxyl functions and containing one or more carboxylic functions, the molecular weight of which is between 150 and 450. d) quaternary polyammonium salts corresponding to the formula:

in which : -R ₁₆ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical preferably containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; ^- R ₁₇ , R ₁₈ , R ₁₉ and R ₂₀ are radicals having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, substituted or not and interrupted or not by functions of the type -OH, -0-, -COO-, -CONH- , COOH, COONa, etc. A is an anion preferably chosen from chlorides, methylsulphates, ethylsulphates, bromides, phosphates and the like, - n is an integer between 1 and 6. - m is an integer between 1 and 12, the carbon chain connecting the nitrogen atoms possibly being interrupted by one or more functions of ether, ester or amide type. 6. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains a nonionic surfactant chosen from alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated carboxylic acids and alkoxylated ethanolamides including HLB is between 6 and 15.5, preferably 8 and 15.5. 7. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the weight ratio of cationic surfactants to the total weight of the nonionic stabilizing additives and organic salts which reduce viscosity is between 10: 3 and 100 : 1.