EP0199927A1 - Apparatus for checking linear dimensions of mechanical parts - Google Patents
Apparatus for checking linear dimensions of mechanical parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0199927A1 EP0199927A1 EP86102593A EP86102593A EP0199927A1 EP 0199927 A1 EP0199927 A1 EP 0199927A1 EP 86102593 A EP86102593 A EP 86102593A EP 86102593 A EP86102593 A EP 86102593A EP 0199927 A1 EP0199927 A1 EP 0199927A1
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- Prior art keywords
- slide
- parts
- respect
- measuring
- checking
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
- G05B19/41875—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by quality surveillance of production
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37207—Verify, probe, workpiece
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for checking linear dimensions of mechanical parts, in accordance with the preamble of the first claim.
- these apparatuses are served by the same automatic workhandling systems that serve the lathe (pallet conveyors, robots, gantry loaders, etc). Since the modem lathes are adapted to machine - depending upon relevant programs loaded into computer numerical controls -parts of different types with very short cycle times and in view of a rising trend towards batch machining, important features of the post-process measuring apparatuses are the flexibility, i.e. the capability of checking different parts without the need of complex operations for retooling of the apparatus, and the quickness, in addition -of course -to high accuracies and repeatabilities of the measurements. The obtainment of a suitable compromise among these contrasting requirements is not easy and generally involves high costs for the measuring apparatuses.
- German patent No. 1101777 describes an apparatus in accordance with the preamble of the first claim, comprising a rotary disc - with mechanical reference means for positioning a plurality of parts, of different types, in correspondence with the periphery of the disc - and a plurality of stationary measuring stations. The parts are displaced to relevant measuring stations through step by step rotations of the disc.
- This known apparatus is not flexible as far as the measuring means are concerned, because every station is adapted to check a determined type of part. Therefore, this apparatus does not meet the requirements necessary for the above-described applications.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a measuring apparatus that, besides guaranteeing high accuracy and repeatability, is very flexible and fast and has limited cost.
- the invention as claimed attains this object and solves the problem of checking, by using the same measuring means, parts of different types arranged in different mechanically referenced positions.
- the apparatus is particularly suitable for checking parts undergoing a first and a second operation in two different lathes or on the same lathe (having a single or a double spindle).
- the apparatus can be located according to an arrangement substantially symmetrical with respect to the two lathes, this permitting to render easier the workhandting operations.
- the measuring or sensing means may have an arrangement and a location symmetrical with respect to first and second reference means for relevant parts and this is advantageous for quickly bringing the measuring means into cooperation with the parts located on the first and second reference means.
- the machining and measuring cell - schematized in fig. 1 comprises an input conveyor 1, a first lathe 2 with relevant computer numerical control (CNC) contained within a cabinet 3 also housing a programmable controller, a measuring apparatus 4 controlled by a CNC 42 contained within a cabinet 5, a second lathe 6 with relevant CNC and electric cabinet 7, an output conveyor 8, a gantry loader 9, with a carriage 10 having double gripper, and a central computer 11 that controls the driving members of loader 9 and conveyors 1 and 8, coordinating them with the computer numerical controls housed within cabinets 3, 5, 7.
- CNC computer numerical control
- the cell of fig. 1 is of a known type, apart from the measuring apparatus 4.
- the parts 12 are subsequently advanced by input conveyor 1, with step by step motion, to a pick-up position.
- the carriage 10 of gantry loader 9 moves suitably and picks up from conveyor 1, through one of the grippers, not shown, a first part 12, that is loaded onto the spindle 16 of lathe 2, where it is chucked at one end.
- carriage 10 picks up the first part 12, loads onto spindle 16, through the other gripper, a second part 12 previously picked up from conveyor 1 and carries the first part 12 onto first reference means 13 of apparatus 4.
- CNC 42 controls the displacement of measuring means 15 towards the first part 12, that is checked.
- carriage 10 picks up again the same part 12 and carries it to the second lathe 6.
- the part 12 is chucked onto spindle 17 of lathe 6 in correspondence with the previously machined end and is machined at the other end.
- carriage 10 picks up again the first part 12 and carries it onto second reference means 14 of apparatus 4.
- CNC 42 controls the displacement of the measuring means 15 in order to perform another checking on the first part 12.
- the diagram of fig. 2 shows a possible time chart of the operating phases of the cell of fig. 1 during a cycle of duration T c .
- the abscisses relate to the time T and the ordinates indicate the actual phases for six subsequent parts 12, denoted by 12,-12 6 ,
- the operating cycle of the cell can occur differently from what is shown in figure 2. For example, in case the measuring apparatus 4 detects that a part 12 must be considered recoverable or unrecoverable scrap, just after machining on the first lathe 2, this part can be directly unloaded onto output conveyor 8, in a suitable position.
- the structure of lathes 2 and 6 - in particular with respect to the arrangement of the spindles 16, 17 -and that of reference means 13, 14 are such that the parts 12 maintain the same orientation both on lathes 2, 6 and on measuring apparatus 4.
- the measuring apparatus 4 is now further described with reference to figure 3.
- the reference means comprise two pairs of rests 13, 14, each of which defines a V-shaped reference structure for positioning the parts 12 (featuring basically a rotational symmetry) along a transverse direction ⁇ X. Moreover, abutment elements 22, 23 assure axial positioning of the parts 12 (124 and 12, in fig. 3), i.e. along a longitudinal direction ⁇ Z.
- the reference means 13, 14, 22, 23 are supported by support means, in particular by a bed or base 24 having longitudinal guides 25, 26 enabling sliding of the measuring means 15.
- the measuring means 15 of apparatus 4 comprise a first, longitudinal slide 27, coupled to a motor 29 through suitable kinematic members, for example with lead screw and split nuts, indicated by reference 28.
- Longitudinal slide 27 has a transverse guide 30 along which are movable two transverse slides 31, 32 carrying relevant sensing means constituted by comparative measuring or gauging heads 33, 34.
- the transverse slides 31, 32 are contemporaneously driven by a motor 35, coupled through suitable kinematic members, indicated by reference 36, to the same slides.
- These kinematic members 36 can comprise, for example, a stem with two threads, one of which is a right-hand and the other a left-hand thread -permit to transform the clockwise and counterclockwise rotary motions of motor 35 into, respectively, mutual approaching and moving away displacements of transverse slides 31, 32.
- Slides 31, 32 and measuring heads 33, 34 are always arranged symmetrically with respect to the geometric longitudinal axis of apparatus 4 and/or to the longitudinal symmetry plane defined by the first 13 and second 14 reference means and containing this geometric axis.
- longitudinal slide 27 and transverse slides 31, 32 are arranged in correspondence with the transverse geometric axis of apparatus 4 and measuring heads 33, 34 have an arrangement substantially symmetrical with respect to the first 13 and second 14 reference means.
- Head 33 for example, comprises a sensing element or movable arm 37 supported by two movable arm-sets, for example of the type featuring resilient parallelograms, so as to be movable substantially along two axes ⁇ Z and ⁇ X, where Z and X are the directions of the longitudinal and transversal geometrical axes of apparatus 4.
- movable arm 3T of head 34 is displaceable along ⁇ Z and ⁇ X.
- Movable arm 37 has feeling means including two opposite extensions 38, 39 carrying relevant feelers 40, 41 that, in rest position, are symmetrically arranged with respect to the geometrical axis of slide 27, i.e. to the transverse geometrical axis of apparatus 4.
- Feeler 40 is adapted to touch part 14 arranged on reference means 13 and feeler 41 is adapted to touch part 12, arranged on reference means 14.
- Heads 33, 34 also comprise position transducers, for example of the differential transformer type, adapted to measure the displacements of movable arms 37, 37' from a rest position.
- the input/output circuits 43 are connected, to motors 29 and 35, measuring heads 33, 34 and transducer means constituted by two incremental linear transducers 45, 46 (fig. 4).
- Linear transducer 45 of the optical scale type, is preferably arranged in such a way as to define a geometrical axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of apparatus 4 and comprises a graduated scale 47 fixed to base 24 and a slide 48 fixed to slide 27.
- Linear transducer 46 comprises a graduated scale 49 fixed to slide 31 and a slide 50 fixed to slide 32.
- the simplified functional diagram of fig. 4 schematizes the transducer and measuring means, the driving and control means and processing means of apparatus 4.
- the diagram of fig. 4 illustrates the functions of some of the circuits contained within cabinet 5 with reference to the checking of an external diameter.
- Linear transducer 45 is connected to a counter 53 that in its turn is connected to a group 54 driving motor 29.
- Linear transducer 46 is connected, through a counter 55, to a group 56 driving motor 35.
- Groups 54 and 56 are controlled depending on the program loaded into numeric control 42.
- the output signals of measuring heads 33 and 34 reach, through two amplifiers 57, 58, an analog summing circuit 59.
- the output of the analog summing circuit 59 is connected to groups 56, to the input of an analog/digital converter 60 and to a comparing or enabling circuit 61 having another input connected to a circuit 62 providing a reference voltage.
- a digital adding circuit 63 has three inputs, respectively connected to the outputs of counter 55, converter 60 and of a register circuit 64, and an output connected to a sample and hold circuit 65.
- Circuit 65 that has a second input connected to circuit 61, has an output connected to a display unit 66.
- measuring apparatus 4 when performing the measurement of an external diameter of part 12, depending on the relevant program loaded into numeric control 42.
- slide 27 In rest position, slide 27 is in the position of fig. 3, while slides 31 and 32 are in the position of maximum distance (i.e. feelers 40 and 40' are located at the maximum mutual distance they may reach).
- motor 29 causes slide 27 to translate along direction -Z until feelers 40, 40' are arranged in correspondence with the cross-sections of part 124 the external diameter of which must be checked.
- motor 35 is actuated, depending on the program loaded into numeric control 42, and causes slides 31 and 32 to mutually approach, by displacing them along directions -X and + X, respectively.
- the mutual position of slides 31 and 32 that are always arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus 4 and to the geometrical axis of part 124 (i.e., to the symmetry plane defined by reference means 13), is detected by linear transducer 46.
- Driving group 56 depending on the value of the output signal of summing circuit 59, controls a speed decreasing and then the stop of motor 35.
- register circuit 64 is memorized a correction value that depends on several parameters, such as the dimensions (the diameter) of feelers 40, 40', their distance in rest conditions and the values of the signals of transducer 46 and measuring heads 33, 34, in rest condition, too.
- This measurement signal is detected and memorized by circuit 65, that is enabled by comparator 61.
- circuit 65 is displayed by unit 66 and possibly recorded by a printer contained in cabinet 5.
- CNC 42 transmits to computer 11 a signal for controlling unloading of part 124 onto conveyor 8.
- the measurement of external diameters can occur statically or dynamically (i.e. with stationary or moving slides 31, 32), by combining the signal of transducer 46 with those of heads 33, 34.
- circuits for detecting and processing the measurements are not further described since they are not one specific object of the invention and because similar circuits are described in the earlier European patent application No. 157176.
- heads 33, 34 and transducers 45, 46 are also used, as previously mentioned, for checking the dimensions of parts, e.g. part 12, of fig. 3, arranged on reference means 14, 23. This involves evident technical and economical advantages.
- the shape of extensions 38, 39 can be different. Moreover, always for parts having particular shape, it can be of advantage to use the variant referred to in figure 5.
- head 33 (and similarly head 34), rather than being rigidly fixed to slide 31, is mounted through coupling means adapted to define at least two positions of head 33.
- head 33 is rotatable about an axis or pin 82 fixed to slide 31 and may be arranged in two positions - shown by continuous and dashed lines -defined by abutments 83, 84 and 85, 86 fixed to slide 31.
- the displacement can be manually or automatically obtained acting on a lever 87 so as to cause a 90° rotation of head 33.
- a control element 88 can control the displacement, for example through a double-acting cylinder, and apply a resilient thrust, for example of pneumatic type, for accurately defining the positions of head 33 against abutments 83, 84 or 85, 86.
- Reference means 13, 14, 22, 23 can also be made in such a way as to be adjustable or readily replaceable, for permitting the quick retooling of the apparatus 4 to check parts of possibly very different shapes and dimensions.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an apparatus for checking linear dimensions of mechanical parts, in accordance with the preamble of the first claim.
- As it is known, the parts that are employed in the mechanical industry, for example in the motor car industry, normally are subjected to subsequent machining operations in the same or, more frequently, in different machine tools.
- In particular, with reference to turning machines, although the modem lathes for mass production are very broadly automated and at the same time flexible, due to the use of computer numerical controls, automatic systems for part handling and tool replacement, rotary tools and also, recently, automatic systems for jaw changing, very frequently machining operations are performed, in which a first part is loaded into the chuck of a first lathe - that grips it at an end -is machined by this lathe, then is unloaded and loaded into the chuck of another lathe that grips it at the other end, in order to machine the part in correspondence with the portion previously gripped by the chuck of the first lathe. Of course, while the second lathe machines the first part, the first lathe machines a subsequent part, and so on.
- It is also known to use -in view of the trend to reduce the tolerances of the machined parts, to automate the operations consequently diminishing the number of operators or eliminating them, and to shorten the cycle times -measuring apparatuses for automatically checking the dimensions of the machined parts. In particular, known apparatuses are adapted to "post-process" check parts machined in lathes as far as internal or external diameters, thicknesses, longitudinal distances, cylindricity, etc. are concerned.
- Usually, these apparatuses are served by the same automatic workhandling systems that serve the lathe (pallet conveyors, robots, gantry loaders, etc). Since the modem lathes are adapted to machine - depending upon relevant programs loaded into computer numerical controls -parts of different types with very short cycle times and in view of a rising trend towards batch machining, important features of the post-process measuring apparatuses are the flexibility, i.e. the capability of checking different parts without the need of complex operations for retooling of the apparatus, and the quickness, in addition -of course -to high accuracies and repeatabilities of the measurements. The obtainment of a suitable compromise among these contrasting requirements is not easy and generally involves high costs for the measuring apparatuses.
- In order to reduce the costs of measuring apparatuses adapted to check parts of different types, it is known to use a common handling system capable of performing a mutual displacement between measuring means and a plurality of parts, positioned by mechanical reference means.
- In particular, German patent No. 1101777 describes an apparatus in accordance with the preamble of the first claim, comprising a rotary disc - with mechanical reference means for positioning a plurality of parts, of different types, in correspondence with the periphery of the disc - and a plurality of stationary measuring stations. The parts are displaced to relevant measuring stations through step by step rotations of the disc.
- This known apparatus is not flexible as far as the measuring means are concerned, because every station is adapted to check a determined type of part. Therefore, this apparatus does not meet the requirements necessary for the above-described applications.
- The object of the present invention is to provide a measuring apparatus that, besides guaranteeing high accuracy and repeatability, is very flexible and fast and has limited cost.
- The invention as claimed attains this object and solves the problem of checking, by using the same measuring means, parts of different types arranged in different mechanically referenced positions.
- Through an apparatus of this type the following results and advantages are achieved : the apparatus is particularly suitable for checking parts undergoing a first and a second operation in two different lathes or on the same lathe (having a single or a double spindle). In the case of machining operations on a pair of lathes, the apparatus can be located according to an arrangement substantially symmetrical with respect to the two lathes, this permitting to render easier the workhandting operations. The measuring or sensing means may have an arrangement and a location symmetrical with respect to first and second reference means for relevant parts and this is advantageous for quickly bringing the measuring means into cooperation with the parts located on the first and second reference means.
- These symmetrical arrangement and location permit the use of simple kinematic elements and contribute to the accuracy and repeatability of the apparatus. The invention will be now more detailedly described with reference to a preferred embodiment illustrated in the annexed drawings, to be intended however as an example only.
- Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic plan view showing a machining and measuring cell including two lathes and one measuring apparatus;
- Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the various phases of one operating cycle of the cell of fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a simplified schematic plan view of the measuring apparatus;
- Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of some circuits of the apparatus of fig. 3; and
- Fig. 5 schematically shows, with enlarged scale, a variant of the apparatus of the preceding figures.
- The machining and measuring cell - schematized in fig. 1 comprises an
input conveyor 1, afirst lathe 2 with relevant computer numerical control (CNC) contained within acabinet 3 also housing a programmable controller, ameasuring apparatus 4 controlled by aCNC 42 contained within acabinet 5, asecond lathe 6 with relevant CNC and electric cabinet 7, an output conveyor 8, agantry loader 9, with acarriage 10 having double gripper, and acentral computer 11 that controls the driving members ofloader 9 andconveyors 1 and 8, coordinating them with the computer numerical controls housed withincabinets - The cell of fig. 1 is of a known type, apart from the
measuring apparatus 4. - The
parts 12 are subsequently advanced byinput conveyor 1, with step by step motion, to a pick-up position. Thecarriage 10 ofgantry loader 9 moves suitably and picks up fromconveyor 1, through one of the grippers, not shown, afirst part 12, that is loaded onto thespindle 16 oflathe 2, where it is chucked at one end. After machining onlathe 2,carriage 10 picks up thefirst part 12, loads ontospindle 16, through the other gripper, asecond part 12 previously picked up fromconveyor 1 and carries thefirst part 12 onto first reference means 13 ofapparatus 4.CNC 42 controls the displacement of measuring means 15 towards thefirst part 12, that is checked. If the results of the checkings indicate that thispart 12 is good, as far as the previously performed operation is concerned,carriage 10 picks up again thesame part 12 and carries it to thesecond lathe 6. Thepart 12 is chucked onto spindle 17 oflathe 6 in correspondence with the previously machined end and is machined at the other end. - Then
carriage 10 picks up again thefirst part 12 and carries it onto second reference means 14 ofapparatus 4.CNC 42 controls the displacement of the measuring means 15 in order to perform another checking on thefirst part 12. - On the basis of the result of the second checking,
carriage 10 picks up thepart 12 and arranges it in a relevant unloading position onto conveyor 8, depending on whether thepart 12 is good, unrecoverable scrap or scrap recoverable through further machining operations. The diagram of fig. 2 shows a possible time chart of the operating phases of the cell of fig. 1 during a cycle of duration Tc. The abscisses relate to the time T and the ordinates indicate the actual phases for sixsubsequent parts 12, denoted by 12,-126, - Letters A to N indicate the following phases :
- A : transport of a
part 12 fromconveyor 1 tolathe 2.
In the case of fig 2 the active phase refers to the transport ofpart 125; - B : exchange of two
parts 12 onlathe 2. In the case of fig. 2 the active phase refers to the exchange betweenparts - C : machining on
lathe 2; - D : transport from
lathe 2 towards reference means 13; - E : exchange of two
parts 12 onto reference means 13; - F : measurement of a
part 12 on reference means 13; - G : transport of a
part 12 from reference means 13 tolathe 6; - H : exchange of two
parts 12 onlathe 6; - I : machining on
lathe 6; - J : transport from
lathe 6 to reference means 14; - K : exchange of two
parts 12 on reference means 14; - L : measurement of a
part 12 on reference means 14; - M : transport of a
part 12 from reference means 14 to conveyor 8; - N : unloading of a
part 12 onto conveyor 8 and picking up of anew part 12 fromconveyor 1. - The operating cycle of the cell can occur differently from what is shown in figure 2. For example, in case the
measuring apparatus 4 detects that apart 12 must be considered recoverable or unrecoverable scrap, just after machining on thefirst lathe 2, this part can be directly unloaded onto output conveyor 8, in a suitable position. - As shown by fig. 1, the structure of
lathes 2 and 6 - in particular with respect to the arrangement of thespindles 16, 17 -and that of reference means 13, 14 are such that theparts 12 maintain the same orientation both onlathes apparatus 4. The same applies toconveyor 1, where theparts 12 are located onseats 18, and to conveyor 8, that hasseats unrecoverable scrap parts 12. This permits to simplify the members and operations for handlingparts 12. - The
measuring apparatus 4 is now further described with reference to figure 3. - The reference means comprise two pairs of
rests abutment elements - The reference means 13, 14, 22, 23 are supported by support means, in particular by a bed or
base 24 havinglongitudinal guides 25, 26 enabling sliding of the measuring means 15. - The measuring means 15 of
apparatus 4 comprise a first,longitudinal slide 27, coupled to amotor 29 through suitable kinematic members, for example with lead screw and split nuts, indicated byreference 28. -
Longitudinal slide 27 has atransverse guide 30 along which are movable twotransverse slides heads motor 35, coupled through suitable kinematic members, indicated byreference 36, to the same slides. These kinematic members 36 -that can comprise, for example, a stem with two threads, one of which is a right-hand and the other a left-hand thread -permit to transform the clockwise and counterclockwise rotary motions ofmotor 35 into, respectively, mutual approaching and moving away displacements of transverse slides 31, 32.Slides apparatus 4 and/or to the longitudinal symmetry plane defined by the first 13 and second 14 reference means and containing this geometric axis. - In rest conditions,
longitudinal slide 27 and transverse slides 31, 32 are arranged in correspondence with the transverse geometric axis ofapparatus 4 and measuring heads 33, 34 have an arrangement substantially symmetrical with respect to the first 13 and second 14 reference means. - Measuring heads 33, 34 are identical and substantially of known type, therefore are not described in detail.
Head 33, for example, comprises a sensing element ormovable arm 37 supported by two movable arm-sets, for example of the type featuring resilient parallelograms, so as to be movable substantially along two axes ± Z and ± X, where Z and X are the directions of the longitudinal and transversal geometrical axes ofapparatus 4. Be- ments ofhead 34 corresponding to those ofhead 33 are indicated by the same reference numerals, with additional apexes. Of course, movable arm 3T ofhead 34 is displaceable along ± Z and ±X. -
Movable arm 37 has feeling means including twoopposite extensions relevant feelers slide 27, i.e. to the transverse geometrical axis ofapparatus 4.Feeler 40 is adapted to touchpart 14 arranged on reference means 13 andfeeler 41 is adapted to touchpart 12, arranged on reference means 14. -
Heads movable arms 37, 37' from a rest position. - Housed within
cabinet 5, in addition toCNC 42, are input/output circuits 43 and aprogrammable controller 44. - Among other things, the input/
output circuits 43 are connected, tomotors linear transducers 45, 46 (fig. 4). -
Linear transducer 45, of the optical scale type, is preferably arranged in such a way as to define a geometrical axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis ofapparatus 4 and comprises a graduated scale 47 fixed tobase 24 and a slide 48 fixed to slide 27. -
Linear transducer 46 comprises a graduatedscale 49 fixed to slide 31 and aslide 50 fixed to slide 32. - The simplified functional diagram of fig. 4 - schematizes the transducer and measuring means, the driving and control means and processing means of
apparatus 4. In particular, the diagram of fig. 4 illustrates the functions of some of the circuits contained withincabinet 5 with reference to the checking of an external diameter. -
Linear transducer 45 is connected to acounter 53 that in its turn is connected to agroup 54 drivingmotor 29.Linear transducer 46 is connected, through acounter 55, to agroup 56 drivingmotor 35.Groups numeric control 42. - The output signals of measuring
heads amplifiers analog summing circuit 59. The output of theanalog summing circuit 59 is connected togroups 56, to the input of an analog/digital converter 60 and to a comparing or enablingcircuit 61 having another input connected to acircuit 62 providing a reference voltage. - A digital adding
circuit 63 has three inputs, respectively connected to the outputs ofcounter 55,converter 60 and of aregister circuit 64, and an output connected to a sample and holdcircuit 65.Circuit 65, that has a second input connected tocircuit 61, has an output connected to adisplay unit 66. - The operation of measuring
apparatus 4 will now be described, when performing the measurement of an external diameter ofpart 12, depending on the relevant program loaded intonumeric control 42. - In rest position, slide 27 is in the position of fig. 3, while
slides feelers 40 and 40' are located at the maximum mutual distance they may reach). - Under the control of
CNC 42,motor 29 causes slide 27 to translate along direction -Z untilfeelers 40, 40' are arranged in correspondence with the cross-sections ofpart 124 the external diameter of which must be checked. - The exact positioning of
slide 27 is obtained throughlinear transducer 45. - Then motor 35 is actuated, depending on the program loaded into
numeric control 42, and causesslides slides apparatus 4 and to the geometrical axis of part 124 (i.e., to the symmetry plane defined by reference means 13), is detected bylinear transducer 46. Drivinggroup 56, depending on the value of the output signal of summingcircuit 59, controls a speed decreasing and then the stop ofmotor 35. - During an initial zero-setting operation of
apparatus 4 on a master part, inregister circuit 64 is memorized a correction value that depends on several parameters, such as the dimensions (the diameter) offeelers 40, 40', their distance in rest conditions and the values of the signals oftransducer 46 and measuring heads 33, 34, in rest condition, too. - Therefore, it is evident that when
feelers 40, 40'touch part 124 and measuringheads circuit 63 is indicative of the external diameter ofpart 124. - This measurement signal is detected and memorized by
circuit 65, that is enabled bycomparator 61. - Finally, the output signal of
circuit 65 is displayed byunit 66 and possibly recorded by a printer contained incabinet 5. - If the detected diameter value corresponds to a
scrap part 124,CNC 42 transmits to computer 11 a signal for controlling unloading ofpart 124 onto conveyor 8. - The measurement of external diameters (and similarly that of internal diameters) can occur statically or dynamically (i.e. with stationary or moving
slides 31, 32), by combining the signal oftransducer 46 with those ofheads - Since the measurement of every diameter takes place by using the signals of two measuring
heads relevant feelers 40, 40' are into contact withpart 124, high speed and accuracy are achieved. - Checking of axial dimensions, too, e.g. of the distance between
surfaces 70 and 71 ofpart 14 is made by using the twoheads transducer 45. - In this way, it is possible to refer the measured axial distance to the longitudinal axis of
apparatus 4, so guaranteeing high accuracy and repeatability. - The circuits for detecting and processing the measurements are not further described since they are not one specific object of the invention and because similar circuits are described in the earlier European patent application No. 157176.
- According to the present invention, heads 33, 34 and
transducers e.g. part 12, of fig. 3, arranged on reference means 14, 23. This involves evident technical and economical advantages. - For parts having particular shapes, the shape of
extensions - With reference to fig. 5, if it is desired to check a
part 80 having rotational symmetry and featuring aperipheral groove 81, head 33 (and similarly head 34), rather than being rigidly fixed to slide 31, is mounted through coupling means adapted to define at least two positions ofhead 33. In particular,head 33 is rotatable about an axis or pin 82 fixed to slide 31 and may be arranged in two positions - shown by continuous and dashed lines -defined byabutments lever 87 so as to cause a 90° rotation ofhead 33. - A
control element 88 can control the displacement, for example through a double-acting cylinder, and apply a resilient thrust, for example of pneumatic type, for accurately defining the positions ofhead 33 againstabutments - Reference means 13, 14, 22, 23 can also be made in such a way as to be adjustable or readily replaceable, for permitting the quick retooling of the
apparatus 4 to check parts of possibly very different shapes and dimensions.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT03386/85A IT1187348B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | MECHANICAL PIECES DIMENSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT |
IT338685 | 1985-04-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0199927A1 true EP0199927A1 (en) | 1986-11-05 |
EP0199927B1 EP0199927B1 (en) | 1989-04-26 |
Family
ID=11106146
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86102593A Expired EP0199927B1 (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1986-02-28 | Apparatus for checking linear dimensions of mechanical parts |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4680865A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0199927B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS61231406A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3663089D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8707439A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1187348B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0409267A1 (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1991-01-23 | PRIMA INDUSTRIE S.p.A. | Apparatus for automatic measurement of the dimensions of solids of revolution |
CN105081885A (en) * | 2015-09-19 | 2015-11-25 | 吉林大学 | Precision measuring method and device for measuring cutting amount of embedded miniature workpiece |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2030103T3 (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1992-10-16 | Marposs Societa' Per Azioni | CALIBER TO CHECK LINEAR MEASURES. |
US5050112A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-09-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Specimen coordinate automated measuring machine/fiducial automated measuring machine |
DE4028076A1 (en) * | 1990-09-05 | 1992-03-12 | Hoefler Messgeraetebau Gmbh Dr | MEASURING DEVICE FOR ROTATION-SYMMETRIC WORKS |
US5148611A (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1992-09-22 | Beatrice/Hunt-Wesson, Inc. | Multimeasurement gauge assembly |
US5735056A (en) * | 1995-10-03 | 1998-04-07 | Gosine; Gary G. | Modular tooling system for use with a gauging machine |
ES2129355B1 (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 2000-01-01 | Indo Int Sa | READING DEVICE FOR THE CONTOUR OF SLOTS RINGS OF GLASSES. |
DE19944865B4 (en) * | 1999-09-18 | 2005-10-27 | Nordmann, Klaus, Dr.-Ing. | Device for workpiece or tool mass control |
US6772529B1 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2004-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Contact comparator and method of operation |
JP3849072B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2006-11-22 | 株式会社Sumco | Linearity measuring device for wafer orientation flat |
US6964640B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2005-11-15 | P M G Medica L I D | System and method for detection of motion |
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US3137942A (en) * | 1959-05-14 | 1964-06-23 | Wiedemann Machine Company | Coordinated inspection device |
DE2804398B2 (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1979-05-10 | Renishaw Electrical Ltd., Wotton-Under-Edge, Gloucestershire | Measuring head for coordinate measuring machines |
US4305207A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-12-15 | Lantz Dane A | Three-axis inspection machine |
DE3208412A1 (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1982-12-09 | D.E.A. Digital Electronic Automation S.p.A., 10024 Moncalieri, Torino | DIMENSION MEASURING SYSTEM WITH A NUMBER OF ACTUATORS, CONTROLLED BY A COMPUTER SYSTEM |
US4503617A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1985-03-12 | Chevrier Rene R | Automatic gage measuring machine |
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DE1101777B (en) * | 1959-04-04 | 1961-03-09 | Gauthier Gmbh A | Measuring or control device |
US3562918A (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1971-02-16 | United States Steel Corp | Apparatus for contour measurement of a member |
US3594909A (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1971-07-27 | United States Steel Corp | Apparatus for measuring a dimension of a member |
US3840994A (en) * | 1972-03-04 | 1974-10-15 | Ikegai Iron Works Ltd | Method and device of automatic measurement for use with a numerically-controlled lathe |
IT969124B (en) * | 1972-12-01 | 1974-03-30 | Finike Italiana Marposs | LARGE RANGE DEVICE FOR MEASURING LINEAR DIMENSIONS OF MECHANICAL PARTS |
US4170067A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1979-10-09 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Apparatus for measuring pipe length |
US4353556A (en) * | 1981-01-27 | 1982-10-12 | Golf Bands Products/Louisianna Partnership | Golf club swing training aid |
IT1179305B (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1987-09-16 | Finike Italiana Marposs | EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING DIMENSIONS, IN PARTICULAR DIAMETER AND AXIAL DIMENSIONS OF PIECES WITH ROTATION SYMMETRY |
-
1985
- 1985-04-01 IT IT03386/85A patent/IT1187348B/en active
-
1986
- 1986-02-28 EP EP86102593A patent/EP0199927B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-28 DE DE8686102593T patent/DE3663089D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-04 ES ES552606A patent/ES8707439A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-05 US US06/836,416 patent/US4680865A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-03-31 JP JP61071424A patent/JPS61231406A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3137942A (en) * | 1959-05-14 | 1964-06-23 | Wiedemann Machine Company | Coordinated inspection device |
DE2804398B2 (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1979-05-10 | Renishaw Electrical Ltd., Wotton-Under-Edge, Gloucestershire | Measuring head for coordinate measuring machines |
US4305207A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-12-15 | Lantz Dane A | Three-axis inspection machine |
DE3208412A1 (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1982-12-09 | D.E.A. Digital Electronic Automation S.p.A., 10024 Moncalieri, Torino | DIMENSION MEASURING SYSTEM WITH A NUMBER OF ACTUATORS, CONTROLLED BY A COMPUTER SYSTEM |
US4503617A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1985-03-12 | Chevrier Rene R | Automatic gage measuring machine |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0409267A1 (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1991-01-23 | PRIMA INDUSTRIE S.p.A. | Apparatus for automatic measurement of the dimensions of solids of revolution |
CN105081885A (en) * | 2015-09-19 | 2015-11-25 | 吉林大学 | Precision measuring method and device for measuring cutting amount of embedded miniature workpiece |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES552606A0 (en) | 1987-08-01 |
DE3663089D1 (en) | 1989-06-01 |
US4680865A (en) | 1987-07-21 |
ES8707439A1 (en) | 1987-08-01 |
JPS61231406A (en) | 1986-10-15 |
EP0199927B1 (en) | 1989-04-26 |
IT8503386A0 (en) | 1985-04-01 |
IT1187348B (en) | 1987-12-23 |
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