EP0220588A2 - Method for oxidizing the soot deposit in soot filter systems - Google Patents

Method for oxidizing the soot deposit in soot filter systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0220588A2
EP0220588A2 EP86114134A EP86114134A EP0220588A2 EP 0220588 A2 EP0220588 A2 EP 0220588A2 EP 86114134 A EP86114134 A EP 86114134A EP 86114134 A EP86114134 A EP 86114134A EP 0220588 A2 EP0220588 A2 EP 0220588A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
exhaust gas
particle concentration
supply
deposited
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EP86114134A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0220588A3 (en
EP0220588B1 (en
Inventor
Franz Prof. Dr. Techn. Pischinger
Gerhard Dr. Ing. Lepperhoff
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Fev Forschungsgesellschaft fur Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren Mbh
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Fev Forschungsgesellschaft fur Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren Mbh
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Publication of EP0220588A3 publication Critical patent/EP0220588A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0233—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F01N3/0256—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases the fuel being ignited by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the oxidation of soot deposited in soot filter systems with the supply of secondary energy and to a device for carrying out the method.
  • aftertreatment systems for the exhaust gas are used in diesel engines to reduce particle emissions.
  • These essentially consist of filter systems that collect and collect the solid parts of the particle phase.
  • the particles deposited in the filter increase the flow resistance in the exhaust system, which increases the exhaust gas back pressure for the engine. As the amount of particles increases, this can lead to a motor standstill depending on the load and speed. For this reason, it is necessary to continuously or intermittently remove the particles deposited in the filter, generally by oxidizing the particles.
  • regenerable particle filters in which the collected particles are burned intermittently, represent a promising concept.
  • the exhaust gas temperature has so far been increased to such an extent that the particles deposited on the filter material ignited and burned .
  • the combustion requires high energy.
  • a self-supporting soot oxidation is based on the fact that the heat released in the exothermic reaction is in equilibrium with the heat dissipated by the exhaust gas. If the heat dissipation is greater than the exothermic heat released, the rate of oxidation drops below the rate at which the particles are deposited in the filter. This leads to an increase in the particle mass in the filter. If, on the other hand, the oxidation rate is greater than the heat dissipation, more particles will oxidize than are transported into the filter by the motor, and the particle mass in the filter will decrease.
  • S.A.E.-Paper 1985/850014 Advanced Techniques for Thermal and Catalytic Diesel Particulate Trap Regeneration
  • Fig. 2, p. 64 proposed to supply secondary energy to the regeneration system, by means of electrical resistance heating with additional air supply.
  • the present invention has for its object to make the regeneration with the supply of secondary energy even easier and more economical.
  • the finding on which the invention is based is of importance here that the particle or. Soot concentration in the exhaust gas is significantly below the concentration for an ignitable mixture. The particles deposited on the filter wall and their concentration, on the other hand, are significantly above the ignition limits. The ignition limits are given from the coal dust explosion investigations in the mining area with 200 g / m 3 to 2000 g / m 3. The stoichiometric ratio is 130 g carbon / m '.
  • the particle concentration in front of or in the filter by short-term addition and / or recirculation of particulate or solid fuel to the exhaust gas stream to a value within the ignition limits of the particle-exhaust gas mixture are set and ignited by secondary energy supply.
  • the particle concentration at the ignition site is increased by whirling up deposited particles. It may also be expedient for carbon-containing particles to be introduced in a finely divided form from a supply in order to increase the particle concentration.
  • the regeneration problem is solved in the application of the invention in that locally in all speed and load ranges a carbon / air or.
  • Carbon / exhaust gas concentration is set so that it is within the ignition limits. This increases the reaction rate and the exothermic heat released is greater than the heat dissipated. This is achieved in that the soot concentration in the exhaust gas at higher loads and speeds by intermittent addition of e.g. Coal dust or coke dust is increased or the deposited coal dust is whirled up on the filter surfaces. This whirling up or addition results in an ignitable coal dust / air mixture at the point of energy supply which burns.
  • the exothermic heat released in the process is above the heat dissipated, so that an ignition wave runs through the filter and areas outside the ignition location are ignited and burn.
  • the exhaust gas to be cleaned flows through a pipe 2 into a conical transition space 3 and from there into a cylindrical space 4 which contains the filter material.
  • the filter material is designed as a ceramic filter with a honeycomb structure such that the exhaust gas to be cleaned flows into deposition channels 5, separates most of the soot and other particles on ceramic walls 6 into outflow channels 7 and then through a conical transition space 8 and pipeline 9 is dissipated.
  • the deposited soot and other particles are deposited on the ceramic walls 6 as a layer 10, and the secondary energy is supplied via a schematically illustrated resistance heating wire 30.
  • the particle concentration at the ignition point is increased by whirling up deposited particles, specifically at the considered embodiment by briefly pulsing back blowing an amount of the cleaned exhaust gas stream with the aid of compressed air or compressed air.
  • a compressed air container 11 which is fed by a compressed air source (not shown).
  • the compressed air tank 11 is connected via a line 12 and a suitable control device 13, e.g. a solenoid valve, in connection with a line 14, at the end of which there is a nozzle 15, through which compressed air and, through the action of an injector, also cleaned exhaust gas is blown onto the outlet surface of the filter arrangement.
  • the blowing is preferably carried out at a distance 16 of less than or approximately equal to 15 mm onto the filter outlet surface. Approximately the same distance can also be maintained when blowing onto the filter inlet surface.
  • the compressed air tank 11 stands over a line 17 and a suitable control device 18, e.g. a solenoid valve, in connection with a particle store 19.
  • a suitable control device 18, e.g. a solenoid valve in connection with a particle store 19.
  • carbon-containing particles are removed from the particle storage 19 via a line 20, a suitable control device 21, e.g. a solenoid valve, and a line 22 to a nozzle 23 and introduced in front of the filter inlet surface finely divided.
  • a compressed air container 11 which is fed by a (not shown) compressed air source, is in turn provided and is connected to an outflow nozzle 27 via a line 24, a control device 25 and a line 26.
  • the particle concentration at the ignition point is adjusted by briefly blowing air into the filter inlet surface.
  • parts of the amount of exhaust gas to be cleaned will also participate in the whirling up due to the injector effect.
  • the one or. Blow-back will preferably take place briefly and in pulses.
  • charge air can also be used in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 corresponds essentially to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, but a bowl-shaped flow body 28 is arranged in front of the filter inlet surface, the opening of which is directed towards the filter inlet surface.
  • the flow body 28 acts as a flame holder, and this measure ensures that a zone of low flow speed is formed by the recirculation of the exhaust gas flow, so that the flame speed can be greater than or equal to the flow speed.
  • the pilot flame is thus stabilized in the area below the flow body. It can also be advantageous in this case for the flow body 28 to have a central opening in order to ensure that the flame is deflected in the direction of the filter surface and thus its ignition property is improved.
  • the flow body can also be designed as a wall 29 provided with openings and arranged transversely to the exhaust gas flow.
  • the secondary energy was supplied via a resistance heating wire 30 or a plurality of heating wires of this type.
  • a resistance heating wire 30 or a plurality of heating wires of this type.
  • two heating wire arrangements 30a and 30b are arranged behind the wall 29 in the flow direction so that they lie in the flow shadow.
  • a spark gap 31 As shown in FIG. 5.
  • the secondary energy can be introduced into partial filter areas via resistance wires or one or more spark gaps, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • a controller 40 with time control triggers the control of the subareas depending on the respective operating states.
  • the duration of the supply of the secondary energy will be short in relation to the oxidation time of the particles deposited in the filter system.
  • the duration of the supply of secondary energy can be approximately sec with a regeneration duration of approximately 2 min.
  • FIG. 9 A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the plate 43 can be designed as a wire mesh, as a sheet metal provided with openings, as a porous, gas-permeable body or in another suitable manner.
  • the compressed air is introduced from container 11 via line 12, control device 13, line 14 and nozzle 15 into space 41.
  • the cleaned gases are discharged in the direction of arrow 44 via pipeline 45.
  • FIG. 10 A further advantageous embodiment is shown in FIG. 10.
  • a conical plate 47 is arranged in a space 46 following the cylindrical space 4 in the direction of flow, which in turn acts as a wire mesh, as a sheet metal provided with openings , can be formed as a porous body or in another suitable manner.
  • the cleaned gas can flow out in the direction of arrow 48 through a central opening 49 of the conical plate 47.
  • Compressed air is introduced into the space 46 from the container 11 via line 12, control device 13, line 14 and nozzle 50.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show a further preferred embodiment, which corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 10 on the side of the filter outlet surface.
  • the secondary energy is not supplied by resistance heating as in the case of the objects in FIGS. 9 and 10, but by a wire network 51, in which ignition sparks jump over at the crossing points of the wires after a suitable voltage has been applied. This enables a particularly uniform introduction of the secondary energy distributed over the filter inlet area.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments shown and described.
  • the present invention advantageously enables reliable cleaning of the filter by oxidation in all operating states, so that both excessive temperatures which endanger the filter and blockages of the filter which impair the operation of the machine are excluded.

Abstract

Bei einem Verfahren bzw. einer Einrichtung zur Oxidation von in Rußfiltersystemen abgelagertem Ruß mit Zuführung von Sekundärenergie wi rd die Partikelkonzentration vor oder in dem Filter durch kurzfristige Zugabe und/oder Rückführung partikelförmigen oder festen Brennstoffs zum Abgasstrom auf einen Wert innerhalb der Zündgrenzen des Partikel-Abgasgemisches eingestellt und durch Sekundärenergie gezündet.In a method or a device for the oxidation of soot deposited in soot filter systems with the supply of secondary energy, the particle concentration upstream or in the filter is added to the exhaust gas flow by short-term addition and / or recirculation of particulate or solid fuel to a value within the ignition limits of the particle-exhaust gas mixture set and ignited by secondary energy.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Oxidation von in Rußfiltersystemen abgelagertem Ruß mit Zuführung von Sekundärenergie und auf eine Einrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for the oxidation of soot deposited in soot filter systems with the supply of secondary energy and to a device for carrying out the method.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit möglichst - schadstoffarmen Abgasen werden bei Dieselmotoren zur Reduzierung der Partikelemission Nachbehandlungssysteme für das Abgas eingesetzt. Diese bestehen im wesentlichen aus Filtersystemen, die die festen Anteile an der Partikelphase auffangen und sammeln. Die im Filter abgelagerten Partikel führen zu einer Erhöhung des Strömungswiderstandes im Abgassystem, wodurch sich der Abgasgegendruck für den Motor erhöht. Mit zunehmender Partikelmenge kann dies in Abhängigkeit von Last und Drehzahl zu einem Stillstand des Motors führen. Aus diesem Grunde ist es erforderlich, kontinuierlich oder intermittierend die im Filter abgelagerten Partikel zu beseitigen, und zwar im allgemeinen durch Oxidation der Partikel.In connection with the development of internal combustion engines with exhaust gases that are as low in pollutants as possible, aftertreatment systems for the exhaust gas are used in diesel engines to reduce particle emissions. These essentially consist of filter systems that collect and collect the solid parts of the particle phase. The particles deposited in the filter increase the flow resistance in the exhaust system, which increases the exhaust gas back pressure for the engine. As the amount of particles increases, this can lead to a motor standstill depending on the load and speed. For this reason, it is necessary to continuously or intermittently remove the particles deposited in the filter, generally by oxidizing the particles.

Als Filtersysteme zur Sammlung der Partikel mit intermittierender oder kontinuierlicher Partikelverbrennung haben sich u.a. keramische Filter mit Wabenstruktur, Stahlwollefilter und keramischer Schaum mit und ohne katalytische Beschichtung bewährt.As filter systems for collecting the particles with intermittent or continuous particle combustion, i.a. Ceramic filters with honeycomb structure, steel wool filters and ceramic foam with and without catalytic coating have proven themselves.

Zur Senkung der Partikelemission von Dieselmotoren stellen regenerierbare Partikelfilter, in denen die gesammelten Partikel intermittierend verbrannt werden, ein aussichtsreiches Konzept dar. Um die Regeneration der Partikelfilter durchzuführen, wurde bislang die Abgastemperatur so weit erhöht, daß die an dem Filtermaterial abgelagerten Partikel sich entzündeten und verbrannten. Die Verbrennung erfordert hohe Energie.To reduce the particle emission from diesel engines, regenerable particle filters, in which the collected particles are burned intermittently, represent a promising concept. In order to carry out the regeneration of the particle filters, the exhaust gas temperature has so far been increased to such an extent that the particles deposited on the filter material ignited and burned . The combustion requires high energy.

Eine sich selbst tragende Rußoxidation beruht darauf, daß die bei der exothermen Reaktion frei werdende Wärme im Gleichgewicht mit der vom Abgas aboeführten Wärme steht. Ist die Wärmeabfuhr größer als die exotherm frei werdende Wärme, so sinkt die Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit unterhalb der Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Partikel im Filter abqelagert werden. Das führt dazu, daß die Partikelmasse im Filter steigt. Ist dagegen die Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit größer als die Wärmeabfuhr, so oxidieren mehr Partikel, als durch den Motor in das Filter hinein transportiert werden, und die Partikelmasse im Filter sinkt.A self-supporting soot oxidation is based on the fact that the heat released in the exothermic reaction is in equilibrium with the heat dissipated by the exhaust gas. If the heat dissipation is greater than the exothermic heat released, the rate of oxidation drops below the rate at which the particles are deposited in the filter. This leads to an increase in the particle mass in the filter. If, on the other hand, the oxidation rate is greater than the heat dissipation, more particles will oxidize than are transported into the filter by the motor, and the particle mass in the filter will decrease.

In den bisher vorgeschlagenen Systemen wurden Maßnahmen ergriffen, um die Wärmeabfuhr zu verringern. Dies geschah dadurch, daß die Abgastemperatur mit Hilfe motorseitiger und sekundärseitiger Maßnahmen soweit erhöht wurde, daß zum einen die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit deutlich ansteigt, zum anderen die Wärmeabfuhr aufgrund der höheren Abgastemperatur sinkt.In the systems proposed so far, measures have been taken to reduce heat dissipation. This happened because the exhaust gas temperature was increased with the help of engine-side and secondary-side measures to such an extent that, on the one hand, the reaction speed increased significantly, and on the other hand, the heat dissipation fell due to the higher exhaust gas temperature.

Um mit Hilfe kleiner Energien und unter Ausnutzung der exothermen Energie der Rußoxidation eine selbständige Filterregeneration zu erreichen, besteht einerseits die Möglichkeit, die Wärmeabfuhr zu verringern, und andererseits könnte angestrebt werden, die Reaktionsrate zu erhöhen.In order to achieve independent filter regeneration with the help of small energies and utilizing the exothermic energy of soot oxidation, there is the possibility on the one hand of reducing the heat dissipation, and on the other hand one could strive to increase the reaction rate.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist in S.A.E.-Paper 1985/850014 "Advanced Techniques for Thermal and Catalytic Diesel Particulate Trap Regeneration" (z.B. Fig. 2, S. 64) vorgeschlagen worden, dem Regenerationssystem Sekundärenergie zuzuführen, und zwar durch elektrische Widerstandsbeheizung unter zusätzlicher Luftzufuhr.In this context, S.A.E.-Paper 1985/850014 "Advanced Techniques for Thermal and Catalytic Diesel Particulate Trap Regeneration" (e.g. Fig. 2, p. 64) proposed to supply secondary energy to the regeneration system, by means of electrical resistance heating with additional air supply.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Regenerierung unter Zuführung von Sekundärenergie noch einfacher und wirtschaftlicher zu gestalten.The present invention has for its object to make the regeneration with the supply of secondary energy even easier and more economical.

Dabei ist die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Erkenntnis von Bedeutung, daß im gesamten motorischen Kennfeld die Partikel-bzw. Rußkonzentration im Abgas deutlich unterhalb der Konzentration für ein zündfähiges Gemisch liegt. Die an der Filterwand abgelagerten Partikel und ihre Konzentration liegen dagegen deutlich oberhalb der Zündgrenzen. Die Zündgrenzen werden aus den Kohlenstaubexplosionsuntersuchungen im Bergbaubereich angegeben mit 200 g/m3 bis 2000 g/m3. Das stöchiometrische Verhältnis sind 130 g Kohlenstoff/m'.The finding on which the invention is based is of importance here that the particle or. Soot concentration in the exhaust gas is significantly below the concentration for an ignitable mixture. The particles deposited on the filter wall and their concentration, on the other hand, are significantly above the ignition limits. The ignition limits are given from the coal dust explosion investigations in the mining area with 200 g / m 3 to 2000 g / m 3. The stoichiometric ratio is 130 g carbon / m '.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe bei einem Verfahren zur Oxidation von in Rußfiltersystemen abgelagertem Ruß mit Zuführung von Sekundärenergie vorgesehen, daß die Partikelkonzentration vor oder in dem Filter durch kurzfristige Zugabe und/oder Rückführung partikelförmigen oder festen Brennstoffs zum Abgasstrom auf einen Wert innerhalb der Zündgrenzen des Partikel-Abgasgemisches eingestellt und durch Sekundärenergiezufuhr gezündet wird.According to the invention, in order to achieve the object in a method for the oxidation of soot deposited in soot filter systems with the supply of secondary energy, it is provided that the particle concentration in front of or in the filter by short-term addition and / or recirculation of particulate or solid fuel to the exhaust gas stream to a value within the ignition limits of the particle-exhaust gas mixture are set and ignited by secondary energy supply.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird dabei die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch Aufwirbelung von abgelagerten Partikeln erhöht. Auch kann es zweckmäßig sein, daß kohlenstoffhaltige Partikel aus einem Vorrat zur Erhöhung der Partikelkonzentration vor dem Filter feinverteilt eingeführt werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the particle concentration at the ignition site is increased by whirling up deposited particles. It may also be expedient for carbon-containing particles to be introduced in a finely divided form from a supply in order to increase the particle concentration.

Hinsichtlich weiterer bevorzugter Ausführungsformen der Erfindung wird auf die Unteransprüche und die nachfolgende Beschreibung Bezug genommen.With regard to further preferred embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the subclaims and the following description.

Das Regenerationsproblem wird in Anwendung der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß in allen Drehzahl-und Lastbereichen örtlich eine Kohlenstoff/Luft-bzw. Kohlenstoff/Abgas-Konzentration derart eingestellt wird, daß sie innerhalb der Zündgrenzen liegt. Dadurch steigt die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, und die frei werdende exotherme Wärme wird größer als die abgeführte Wärme. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß bei höheren Lasten und Drehzahlen die Rußkonzentration im Abgas durch intermittierende Zugabe von z.B. Kohlenstaub oder Koksstaub erhöht wird oder der abgelagerte Kohlenstaub auf den Filteroberflächen aufgewirbelt wird. Durch diese Aufwirbelung bzw. Zugabe stellt sich am Ort der Energiezufuhr ein zündfähiges Kohlenstaub/Luft-Gemisch ein, das verbrennt. Die dabei frei werdende exotherme Wärme liegt oberhalb der abgeführten Wärme, so daß eine Zündungswelle durch das Filter läuft und Bereiche außerhalb des Zündortes entflammt werden und verbrennen.The regeneration problem is solved in the application of the invention in that locally in all speed and load ranges a carbon / air or. Carbon / exhaust gas concentration is set so that it is within the ignition limits. This increases the reaction rate and the exothermic heat released is greater than the heat dissipated. This is achieved in that the soot concentration in the exhaust gas at higher loads and speeds by intermittent addition of e.g. Coal dust or coke dust is increased or the deposited coal dust is whirled up on the filter surfaces. This whirling up or addition results in an ignitable coal dust / air mixture at the point of energy supply which burns. The exothermic heat released in the process is above the heat dissipated, so that an ignition wave runs through the filter and areas outside the ignition location are ignited and burn.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.

  • Figuren 1 -6 zeigen schematisch im Längsschnitt Rußfilteranordnungen, die zur Ausführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung mit Vorteil verwendet werden können.
  • Fig. 7 zeigt schematisch einen Querschnitt nach der Linie A -B der Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 zeigt schematisch im Querschnitt eine Rußfilteranordnung, welche Teilbereichszündungen des Filters ermöglicht.
  • Figuren 9 -11 zeigen schematisch im Längsschnitt weitere Ausführungsformen von Rußfilteranordnungen, die zur Ausführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung mit Vorteil verwendet werden können.
  • Fig. 12 zeigt einen Querschnitt nach der Linie A -B der Fig. 11.
Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings.
  • Figures 1-6 show schematically in longitudinal section soot filter arrangements which can be used to advantage in carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a cross section along the line A - B of FIG. 6.
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically in cross section a soot filter arrangement which enables partial ignitions of the filter.
  • Figures 9-11 show schematically in longitudinal section further embodiments of soot filter arrangements which can be used to advantage in carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows a cross section along the line A - B of FIG. 11.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, strömt das zu reinigende Abgas, das durch Pfeil 1 angedeutet ist, durch eine Rohrleitung 2 in einen konischen Übergangsraum 3 und von dort in einen zylindrischen Raum 4, der das Filtermaterial enthält. Das Filtermaterial ist als keramischer Filter mit Wabenstruktur derart ausgebildet, daß das zu reinigende Abgas in Ablagerungskanäle 5 strömt, unter Abscheidung des größten Teils der Ruß-und sonstigen Partikel an keramischen Wandungen 6 in Abströmkanäle 7 gelangt und anschließend über einen konischen Übergangsraum 8 und Rohrleitung 9 abgeführt wird.As shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust gas to be cleaned, which is indicated by arrow 1, flows through a pipe 2 into a conical transition space 3 and from there into a cylindrical space 4 which contains the filter material. The filter material is designed as a ceramic filter with a honeycomb structure such that the exhaust gas to be cleaned flows into deposition channels 5, separates most of the soot and other particles on ceramic walls 6 into outflow channels 7 and then through a conical transition space 8 and pipeline 9 is dissipated.

An den keramischen Wandungen 6 lagern sich die abgeschiedenen Ruß-und sonstigen Partikel als Schicht 10 ab, und die Sekundärenergie wird über einen schematisch dargestellten Widerstands-Heizdraht 30 zugeführt.The deposited soot and other particles are deposited on the ceramic walls 6 as a layer 10, and the secondary energy is supplied via a schematically illustrated resistance heating wire 30.

Um nun bei einer solchen Einrichtung gemäß der Erfindung die Partikelkonzentration auf einen Wert innerhalb der Zündgrenzen des Partikel-Abgasgemisches durch kurzfristige Rückführung partikelförmigen festen Brennstoffs zum Abgasstrom vor dem Filter einzustellen, wird die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch Aufwirbelung von abgelagerten Partikeln erhöht, und zwar bei dem betrachteten Ausführungsbeispiel durch kurzfristiges impulsartiges Rückblasen einer Menge des gereinigten Abgasstromes mit Hilfe von Druckluft bzw. Preßluft.In order to adjust the particle concentration to a value within the ignition limits of the particle-exhaust gas mixture by briefly recirculating particulate solid fuel to the exhaust gas flow upstream of the filter in such a device according to the invention, the particle concentration at the ignition point is increased by whirling up deposited particles, specifically at the considered embodiment by briefly pulsing back blowing an amount of the cleaned exhaust gas stream with the aid of compressed air or compressed air.

Zu diesem Zweck ist ein Druckluftbehälter 11 vorgesehen, der von einer (nicht dargestellten) Druckluftquelle gespeist wird. Der Druckluftbehälter 11 steht über eine Leitung 12 und eine geeignete Steuereinrichtung 13, z.B. ein Magnetventil, mit einer Leitung 14 in Verbindung, an deren Ende sich eine Düse 15 befindet, durch die Druckluft und durch Injektorwirkung auch gereinigtes Abgas auf die Austrittsfläche der Filteranordnung geblasen wird. Vorzugsweise erfolgt das Einblasen mit einem Abstand 16 von weniger als oder etwa gleich 15 mm auf die Filterausgangsoberfläche. Etwa der gleiche Abstand kann auch bei Einblasen auf die Filtereingangsoberfläche eingehalten werden.For this purpose, a compressed air container 11 is provided which is fed by a compressed air source (not shown). The compressed air tank 11 is connected via a line 12 and a suitable control device 13, e.g. a solenoid valve, in connection with a line 14, at the end of which there is a nozzle 15, through which compressed air and, through the action of an injector, also cleaned exhaust gas is blown onto the outlet surface of the filter arrangement. The blowing is preferably carried out at a distance 16 of less than or approximately equal to 15 mm onto the filter outlet surface. Approximately the same distance can also be maintained when blowing onto the filter inlet surface.

Bei dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel steht der Druckluftbehälter 11 über eine Leitung 17 und eine geeignete Steuereinrichtung 18, z.B. ein Magnetventil, mit einem Partikelspeicher 19 in Verbindung. Um in diesem Fall die Partikelkonzentration auf einen Wert innerhalb der Zündgren zen des Partikel-Abgasgemisches durch Zugabe partikelförmigen festen Brennstoffs zum Abgasstrom vor dem Filter einzustellen, werden kohlenstoffhaltige Partikel aus dem Partikelspeicher 19 über eine Leitung 20, eine geeignete Steuereinrichtung 21, z.B. ein Magnetventil, und eine Leitung 22 zu einer Düse 23 geleitet und vor der Filtereingangsoberfläche feinverteilt eingeführt.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the compressed air tank 11 stands over a line 17 and a suitable control device 18, e.g. a solenoid valve, in connection with a particle store 19. In this case, in order to adjust the particle concentration to a value within the ignition limits of the particle-exhaust gas mixture by adding particulate solid fuel to the exhaust gas flow upstream of the filter, carbon-containing particles are removed from the particle storage 19 via a line 20, a suitable control device 21, e.g. a solenoid valve, and a line 22 to a nozzle 23 and introduced in front of the filter inlet surface finely divided.

Bei dem Gegenstand der Fig. 3 ist wiederum ein von einer (nicht dargestellten) Druckluftquelle gespeister Druckluftbehälter 11 vorgesehen, der über eine Leitung 24, eine Steuereinrichtung 25 und eine Leitung 26 mit einer Ausströmdüse 27 in Verbindung steht. In diesem Fall wird die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch kurzfristiges impulsartiges Einblasen von Luft auf die Filtereingangsoberfläche eingestellt.In the subject of FIG. 3, a compressed air container 11, which is fed by a (not shown) compressed air source, is in turn provided and is connected to an outflow nozzle 27 via a line 24, a control device 25 and a line 26. In this case, the particle concentration at the ignition point is adjusted by briefly blowing air into the filter inlet surface.

Hierbei werden durch Injektorwirkung auch Teile der zu reinigenden Abgasmenge an der Aufwirbelung teilnehmen. Auch besteht die Möglichkeit, zu reinigendes Abgas ausschließlich oder in einer anderen geeigneten Mischung mit Luft zur Aufwirbelung des in den Filterkanälen und/oder auf der Filtereintrittsfläche abgelagerten Kohlenstoffs zu verwenden. Das Ein-bzw. Rückblasen wird dabei vorzugsweise kurzfristig und impulsartig erfolgen. An Stelle von Druckluft kann dabei nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung auch Ladeluft verwendet werden.Here, parts of the amount of exhaust gas to be cleaned will also participate in the whirling up due to the injector effect. There is also the possibility of cleaning exhaust gas exclusively or in one other suitable mixture with air to whirl up the carbon deposited in the filter channels and / or on the filter entry surface. The one or. Blow-back will preferably take place briefly and in pulses. Instead of compressed air, charge air can also be used in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention.

Das in Fig. 4 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht im wesentlichen der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Anordnung, jedoch ist vor der Filtereingangsoberfläche ein schüsselförmiger Strömungskörper 28 angeordnet, dessen Öffnung zur Filtereingangsoberfläche gerichtet ist.The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds essentially to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, but a bowl-shaped flow body 28 is arranged in front of the filter inlet surface, the opening of which is directed towards the filter inlet surface.

Der Strömungskörper 28 wirkt als Flammenhalter, und durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, daß durch die Rezirkulation des Abgasstromes eine Zone niedriger Strömungsgeschwindigkeit gebildet ist, so daß die Flammengeschwindigkeit größer als die bzw. gleich der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sein kann.The flow body 28 acts as a flame holder, and this measure ensures that a zone of low flow speed is formed by the recirculation of the exhaust gas flow, so that the flame speed can be greater than or equal to the flow speed.

Es wird also die Zündflamme in dem Bereich unterhalb des Strömungskörpers stabilisiert. Auch kann es dabei vorteilhaft sein, daß der Strömungskörper 28 eine zentrale Öffnung aufweist, um zu erreichen, daß die Flamme in Richtung auf die Filteroberfläche abgelenkt und dadurch ihre Zündeigenschaft verbessert wird.The pilot flame is thus stabilized in the area below the flow body. It can also be advantageous in this case for the flow body 28 to have a central opening in order to ensure that the flame is deflected in the direction of the filter surface and thus its ignition property is improved.

Wie Fig. 6 zeigt, kann der Strömungskörper auch als eine mit Öffnungen versehene, quer zum Abgasstrom angeordnete Wandung 29 ausgebildet sein.As FIG. 6 shows, the flow body can also be designed as a wall 29 provided with openings and arranged transversely to the exhaust gas flow.

Bei den bisher beschriebenen Einrichtungen wurde die Sekundärenergie über einen Widerstands-Heizdraht 30 bzw. über mehrere Heizdrähte dieser Art zugeführt. In Fig. 7 ist in diesem Zusammenhang dargestellt, daß zwei Heizdrahtanordnungen 30a und 30b in Strömungsrichtung hinter der Wandung 29 so angeordnet sind, daß sie im Strömungsschatten liegen. Es stehen aber auch andere Möglichkeiten der Zuführung von Sekundärenergie zur Verfügung, z.B. mit Hilfe einer Funkenstrecke 31, wie Fig. 5 zeigt.In the devices described so far, the secondary energy was supplied via a resistance heating wire 30 or a plurality of heating wires of this type. In this connection it is shown in FIG. 7 that two heating wire arrangements 30a and 30b are arranged behind the wall 29 in the flow direction so that they lie in the flow shadow. There are also other ways of supplying secondary energy, e.g. with the aid of a spark gap 31, as shown in FIG. 5.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann die Sekundärenergie über Widerstandsdrähte oder eine oder mehrere Funkenstrecken in partielle Filterbereiche eingeleitet werden, wie Fig. 8 zeigt. Es sind über die Filtereintrittsoberfläche verteilt vier Teilbereiche 32 -35 vorhanden, denen Sekundärenergie über Widerstands-Heizdrähte 36 -39 zugeführt wird. Ein Regler 40 mit Zeitsteuerung veranlaßt die Aussteuerung der Teilbereiche in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Betriebszuständen.According to a further preferred embodiment, the secondary energy can be introduced into partial filter areas via resistance wires or one or more spark gaps, as shown in FIG. 8. There are four partial areas 32 -35 distributed over the filter inlet surface, to which secondary energy is supplied via resistance heating wires 36 -39. A controller 40 with time control triggers the control of the subareas depending on the respective operating states.

In zweckmäßiger Weise wird dabei den partiellen Filterbereichen nacheinander Energie zugeführt. Auch wird -ebenso wie bei den bisher beschriebenen Ausführungsformen -die Dauer der Zufuhr der Sekundärenergie kurz im Verhältnis zur Oxidationszeit der in dem Filtersystem abgelagerten Partikel sein. Die Dauer der Zufuhr von Sekundärenergie kann etwa sec bei einer Regenerationsdauer von etwa 2 min betragen. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeigt Fig. 9. In Strömungsrichtung nach dem zylindrischen Raum 4 ist ein weiterer im wesentlichen zylindrischer Raum 41 vorhanden, der durch Wandung 42 abgeschlossen ist. In dem Raum 41 befindet sich eine dem Querschnitt dieses Raumes angepaßte Platte 43, die ein im wesentlichen gleichmäßiges, flächendeckendes Einblasen von Druckluft in Richtung auf die Filterausgangsfläche zum Zweck der Aufwirbelung von abgelagerten Partikeln ermöglicht. Die Platte 43 kann als Drahtnetz, als mit Öffnungen versehenes Blech, als poröser, gasdurchlässiger Körper oder in anderer geeigneter Weise ausgebildet sein.In an expedient manner, energy is supplied to the partial filter areas one after the other. Also, just like in the previously described embodiments, the duration of the supply of the secondary energy will be short in relation to the oxidation time of the particles deposited in the filter system. The duration of the supply of secondary energy can be approximately sec with a regeneration duration of approximately 2 min. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 9. In the flow direction after the cylindrical space 4 there is another essentially cylindrical space 41, which is closed off by wall 42. In the space 41 there is a plate 43 adapted to the cross-section of this space, which enables a substantially uniform, area-wide blowing in of compressed air in the direction of the filter outlet surface for the purpose of whirling up deposited particles. The plate 43 can be designed as a wire mesh, as a sheet metal provided with openings, as a porous, gas-permeable body or in another suitable manner.

Die Druckluft wird von Behälter 11 über Leitung 12, Steuereinrichtung 13, Leitung 14 und Düse 15 in den Raum 41 eingeführt. Die Ableitung der gereinigten Gase erfolgt in Richtung des Pfeiles 44 über Rohrleitung 45.The compressed air is introduced from container 11 via line 12, control device 13, line 14 and nozzle 15 into space 41. The cleaned gases are discharged in the direction of arrow 44 via pipeline 45.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform zeigt Fig. 10. Hier ist eine im wesentlichen flächendeckende Einführung von Druckluft dadurch erreicht, daß in einem dem zylindrischen Raum 4 in Strömungsrichtung folgenden Raum 46 eine konische Platte 47 angeordnet ist, die wiederum als Drahtnetz, als mit Öffnungen versehenes Blech, als poröser Körper oder in anderer geeigneter Weise ausgebildet sein kann. Das gereinigte Gas kann in Richtung des Pfeiles 48 durch eine zentrale Öffnung 49 der konischen Platte 47 abströmen. Druckluft wird von Behälter 11 über Leitung 12, Steuereinrichtung 13, Leitung 14 und Düse 50 in den Raum 46 eingeführt.A further advantageous embodiment is shown in FIG. 10. Here, an essentially area-wide introduction of compressed air is achieved in that a conical plate 47 is arranged in a space 46 following the cylindrical space 4 in the direction of flow, which in turn acts as a wire mesh, as a sheet metal provided with openings , can be formed as a porous body or in another suitable manner. The cleaned gas can flow out in the direction of arrow 48 through a central opening 49 of the conical plate 47. Compressed air is introduced into the space 46 from the container 11 via line 12, control device 13, line 14 and nozzle 50.

Figuren 11 und 12 zeigen eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform, die auf der Seite der Filterausgangsfläche dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 10 entspricht. Auf der Seite der Filtereingangsfläche wird die Sekundärenergie jedoch nicht wie bei den Gegenständen der Figuren 9 und 10 durch Widerstandsbeheizung, sondern durch ein Drahtnetz 51 zugeführt, bei dem nach Anlegen einer geeigneten Spannung Zündfunken an den Kreuzungsstellen der Drähte überspringen. Hierdurch ist eine besonders gleichmäßig über die Filtereingangsfläche verteilte Einführung der Sekundärenergie möglich.FIGS. 11 and 12 show a further preferred embodiment, which corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 10 on the side of the filter outlet surface. On the side of the filter input surface, however, the secondary energy is not supplied by resistance heating as in the case of the objects in FIGS. 9 and 10, but by a wire network 51, in which ignition sparks jump over at the crossing points of the wires after a suitable voltage has been applied. This enables a particularly uniform introduction of the secondary energy distributed over the filter inlet area.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. So ist es nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung auch möglich, die Aufwirbelung der abgelagerten Partikel mit Hilfe von Schwingungen durch einen geeigneten Schwingungserzeuger herbeizuführen, wobei nach einem weiteren bevorzugten Merkmal die Aufwirbelung durch hochfrequente Schwingungen erfolgt.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments shown and described. Thus, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to swirl the deposited particles with the aid of a suitable vibration To bring about vibration generator, whereby according to a further preferred feature, the whirling takes place by high-frequency vibrations.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung ist in vorteilhafter Weise bei allen Betriebszuständen eine zuverlässige Reinigung des Filters durch Oxidation ermöglicht, so daß sowohl das Filter gefährdende Übertemperaturen als auch die Arbeitsweise der Maschine beeinträchtigende Verstopfungen des Filters ausgeschlossen sind.The present invention advantageously enables reliable cleaning of the filter by oxidation in all operating states, so that both excessive temperatures which endanger the filter and blockages of the filter which impair the operation of the machine are excluded.

Claims (18)

1. Verfahren zur Oxidation von in Rußfiltersystemen abgelagertem Ruß mit Zuführung von Sekundärenergie, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikelkonzentration vor oder in dem Filter durch kurzfristige Zugabe und/oder Rückführung partikelförmigen oder festen Brennstoffs zum Abgasstrom auf einen Wert innerhalb der Zündgrenzen des Partikei-Abgasgemisches eingestellt und durch Sekundärenergiezufuhr gezündet wird.1. A process for the oxidation of soot deposited in soot filter systems with the supply of secondary energy, characterized in that the particle concentration in front of or in the filter by short-term addition and / or recirculation of particulate or solid fuel to the exhaust gas flow to a value within the ignition limits of the particle-exhaust gas mixture and is ignited by the supply of secondary energy. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch Aufwirbelung von abgelagerten Partikeln erhöht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle concentration at the ignition site is increased by swirling of deposited particles. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch kurzfristiges impulsartiges Rückblasen einer Menge des zu reinigenden Abgases zur Aufwirbelung des in den Filterkanälen abgelagerten Kohlenstoffs erhöht wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particle concentration at the ignition site is increased by briefly pulsing back blowing an amount of the exhaust gas to be cleaned to whirl up the carbon deposited in the filter channels. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikelkonzentration am Zindort durch kurzfristiges impulsartiges Rückblasen mit Hilfe von Preßluft erhöht wird.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particle concentration at the Zindort is increased by brief pulse-like back blowing with the aid of compressed air. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch kurzfristiges impulsartiges Rückblasen mit Hilfe von vollständiger oder teilweiser Zufuhr von Ladeluft erhöht wird.5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particle concentration at the ignition site is increased by brief pulse-like back-blowing with the aid of complete or partial supply of charge air. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch kurzfristiges impulsartiges Rückblasen mit Hilfe eines Teils des gereinigten Abgasstromes erhöht wird.6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particle concentration at the ignition site is increased by short-term pulse-like blowing back with the help of part of the cleaned exhaust gas stream. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Partikelkonzentration am Zündort durch kurzfristiges Einblasen von Luft und/oder Abgas auf die Filtereingangs oberfläche eingestellt wird.7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the particle concentration at the ignition site is set by briefly blowing in air and / or exhaust gas on the filter input surface. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Einblasen von Luft und/oder Abgas mit einem Abstand von kleiner als oder etwa gleich 15 mm auf die Filtereingangs-oder Ausgangsoberfläche erfolgt.8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that air and / or exhaust gas is blown into the filter input or output surface at a distance of less than or approximately equal to 15 mm. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß kohlenstoffhaltige Partikel aus einem Vorrat zur Erhöhung der Partikelkonzentration vor dem Filter feinverteilt eingeführt werden.9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that carbon-containing particles are introduced from a supply to increase the particle concentration in front of the filter. 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 -9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der Filtereingangsoberfläche durch einen Strömungskörper eine Rezirkulationszone zur Zünd-und Flammenstabilisierung gebildet wird.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 -9, characterized in that a recirculation zone for ignition and flame stabilization is formed in front of the filter inlet surface by a flow body. 11. Einrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungskörper die Form einer Schale besitzt, deren Öffnung zur Filtereingangsoberfläche gerichtet ist.11. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 10, characterized in that the flow body has the shape of a shell, the opening of which is directed towards the filter inlet surface. 12. Einrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungskörper als eine mit Öffnungen versehene, quer zum Abgasstrom angeordnete Wandung ausgebildet ist.12. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 10, characterized in that the flow body is designed as a wall provided with openings, arranged transversely to the exhaust gas flow. 13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sekundärenergie über Widerstandsdrähte oder wenigstens eine Funkenstrecke in partielle Filterbereiche eingeleitet wird.13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the secondary energy is introduced via resistance wires or at least one spark gap in partial filter areas. 14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den partiellen Filterbereichen nacheinander Energie zugeführt wird.14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the partial filter areas are successively supplied with energy. 15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dauer der Zufuhr der Sekundärenergie kurz ist im Verhältnis zur Oxidationszeit der in dem Filtersystem abgelagerten Partikel.15. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that the duration of the supply of secondary energy is short in relation to the oxidation time of the particles deposited in the filter system. 16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dauer der Zufuhr der Sekundärenergie etwa 30 sec bei einer Regenerationsdauer von etwa 2 min beträgt.16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the duration of the supply of secondary energy is about 30 seconds with a regeneration period of about 2 minutes. 17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Aufwirbelung der abgelagerten Partikel mit Hilfe von Schwingungen erfolgt.17. The method according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that the deposited particles are swirled up with the aid of vibrations. 18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aufwirbelung der abgelagerten Partikel durch hochfrequente Schwingungen erfolgt.18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the swirling of the deposited particles is carried out by high-frequency vibrations.
EP86114134A 1985-10-26 1986-10-13 Method for oxidizing the soot deposit in soot filter systems Expired - Lifetime EP0220588B1 (en)

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DE19853538155 DE3538155A1 (en) 1985-10-26 1985-10-26 METHOD FOR THE OXIDATION OF PARTICLES DEPOSED IN SOOT FILTERING SYSTEMS
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EP0220588A3 EP0220588A3 (en) 1988-03-23
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Cited By (22)

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WO1989001088A1 (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-02-09 Jovan Matijas Process and device for separating soot particles and cleaning exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine
EP0308525A1 (en) * 1987-09-22 1989-03-29 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Apparatus treating particulates in an exhaust gas from a diesel engine
US4833883A (en) * 1987-09-22 1989-05-30 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Filter unit, and apparatus for treating particulates in an exhaust gas from a diesel engine
EP0308972A2 (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-03-29 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Apparatus and method for treating an exhaust gas from a diesel engine
EP0308972A3 (en) * 1987-09-25 1990-05-16 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Apparatus and method for treating an exhaust gas from a diesel engine
DE3803100A1 (en) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-17 Gillet Heinrich Gmbh Method and device for the regeneration of soot filters
EP0486620A1 (en) * 1990-05-29 1992-05-27 Caterpillar Inc. Particulate trap regeneration apparatus and method
EP0486620A4 (en) * 1990-05-29 1993-07-07 Caterpillar Inc. Particulate trap regeneration apparatus and method
EP0469237A1 (en) * 1990-08-03 1992-02-05 STROMERZEUGUNG GmbH & CO. ANLAGENBAU KG Process and device for converting molecules in a fluid stream
US5426936A (en) * 1992-02-21 1995-06-27 Northeastern University Diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation system for NOx control incorporating a compressed air regenerative particulate control system
US5253476A (en) * 1992-02-21 1993-10-19 Northeastern University Pulsed, reverse-flow, regenerated diesel trap capturing soot, ash and PAH's
EP0703352A3 (en) * 1994-08-08 1996-06-26 Toyota Motor Co Ltd A method for regenerating a particulate collection filter and an exhaust emission control system with a particulate collection filter
US5701735A (en) * 1994-08-08 1997-12-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method for regenerating a particulate collection filter and an exhaust emission control system with a particulate collection filter
EP1911944A2 (en) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-16 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. Tailpipe exhaust gas mixer and method
EP1911944A3 (en) * 2006-10-11 2009-03-11 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, LLC. Tailpipe exhaust gas mixer and method
WO2009005663A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Caterpillar Inc. Filter purge system utilizing a reactive propellant
US8142552B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2012-03-27 Caterpillar Inc. Filter purge system utilizing a reactive propellant
US8157897B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2012-04-17 Caterpillar Inc. Filter purge system utilizing impact wave generating device and vacuum source
CN101586489B (en) * 2008-05-19 2013-01-23 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 Fresh air bypass to cool down hot exhaust in dpf regeneration mode
EP2554808A4 (en) * 2010-03-26 2015-12-30 Yanmar Co Ltd Method and device for cleaning filter for removing particulate matter
EP3636889A1 (en) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-15 Ceramex Ltd Method for cleaning and/or testing a gas-permeable device for cleaning an exhaust gas of a combustion engine and apparatus suitable for same
WO2020074643A1 (en) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 Ceramex Ltd Cleaning and/or testing a gas-permeable item for use in the treatment of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine

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EP0220588B1 (en) 1990-06-13
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DE3671936D1 (en) 1990-07-19
US4730454A (en) 1988-03-15

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