EP0236638A1 - Temperature compensated pressure regulator and extinguisher safety device equipped with such a pressure regulator. - Google Patents

Temperature compensated pressure regulator and extinguisher safety device equipped with such a pressure regulator. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0236638A1
EP0236638A1 EP86400492A EP86400492A EP0236638A1 EP 0236638 A1 EP0236638 A1 EP 0236638A1 EP 86400492 A EP86400492 A EP 86400492A EP 86400492 A EP86400492 A EP 86400492A EP 0236638 A1 EP0236638 A1 EP 0236638A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
chamber
fire extinguisher
pressure switch
mobile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86400492A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0236638B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Sassier
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DEXAERO
Original Assignee
DEXAERO
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR8416438A priority Critical patent/FR2572292B3/en
Application filed by DEXAERO, Thomson CSF SA filed Critical DEXAERO
Priority to DE8686400492T priority patent/DE3679179D1/en
Priority to EP86400492A priority patent/EP0236638B1/en
Priority to CA000506349A priority patent/CA1256961A/en
Priority to US06/853,922 priority patent/US4697643A/en
Publication of EP0236638A1 publication Critical patent/EP0236638A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0236638B1 publication Critical patent/EP0236638B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a temperature compensated pressure switch and a fire extinguisher with operating safety. It also relates to a method for filling a pressure switch according to the invention. It finds application in the aeronautical field of fire fighting in fast discharge extinguishing devices.
  • the extinguisher being subjected to very variable temperature conditions according to the place, the time and the altitude, the pressure which reigns inside the extinguisher also varies according to a complex thermodynamic law.
  • the extinguishers in question include two gaseous agents: - a propellant such as nitrogen, and - an anti-fire agent such as halon.
  • the present invention provides a solution to these problems. It also stands out for its great simplicity of means, which makes it relatively less expensive than conventional solutions. Indeed, the present invention relates to a temperature compensated pressure switch.
  • the pressure switch has a first chamber, filled with a reference mixture with thermodynamic characteristics similar to that of a mixture filling a chamber to be controlled.
  • an extinguisher provided with a safety device, comprising a propellant and an extinguishing agent in gaseous forms, characterized in that it comprises a sealed chamber filled with a mixture of thermodynamic characteristic similar to that of the two agents in the extinguisher, a system measuring the differential pressure existing between the interior of the sealed chamber and the interior of the extinguisher itself and a device actuated by the differential pressure measurement system and generating a signal alarm when the differential pressure exceeds a threshold value.
  • the invention also relates to a method for filling pressure switches according to the invention. The process consists of filling a filling tank with the reference mixture and then creating a primary vacuum on the pressure switches to be filled. The assembly is introduced into a thermostat at a temperature higher than the critical temperature of the reference mixture. At equilibrium, the filling tank is connected to the pressure switches to be filled. When equilibrium is reached, the pressure switches are sealed and returned to room temperature.
  • the casing 2 of the fire extinguisher has a hole through which a housing 3 is passed.
  • the housing 3 includes a chamber 4 filled with a gas mixture whose thermodynamic behavior in pressure and temperature is similar to that contained in the fire extinguisher itself.
  • the gas mixture in chamber 4 must therefore have a pressure-temperature characteristic identical to that of the gases contained in the extinguisher.
  • the two curves can be identical or obtained by a simple constant translation.
  • the mixture of the chamber 4 is that contained in the extinguisher.
  • a special feature of the chamber 4 is that it is perfectly sealed. Leaks in a fire extinguisher are often caused by the manufacturing technique. Indeed, high pressure fire extinguishers often have seals by a flat seal. Very small leaks at this level can lead to pressure differences of around ten percent in five years, which are incompatible with safety standards. Chamber 4 is constructed so as to avoid these leaks.
  • the chamber 4 is a part of the housing 3.
  • the latter comprises a volume 5 which communicates through orifices 6, 7 with the interior of the extinguisher.
  • the volume 5 is adjacent to the chamber 4.
  • the chamber 4 has a wall 21, 24 adjacent to the volume 5 and therefore supports on one side a pressure P1 in the chamber 4 and on the other a pressure P2 in the volume 5 and so in fire extinguisher 1.
  • the wall 21, 24 has two parts, one of which 24 is fixed relative to the volume 5, and the other mobile 21.
  • the mobile part 21 is connected to the fixed part 24 by a bellows 22 for example hydroformed stainless steel of the Calorstat type which serves both as a seal and as a calibration spring.
  • the shaft 30 is made in one piece with the movable wall 21 so as to avoid sealing problems. He also wears a finger 9 mounted at the end of the shaft 30 on a stop 11. The finger 9 passes through an orifice in a third compartment 31 of the housing 3. This compartment 31 contains a microswitch 8 which is actuated only for a stroke of the finger 9 corresponding to a critical pressure difference.
  • the microswitch 8 it is necessary for the microswitch 8 to work in an environment close to that of the free atmosphere, that is to say of the atmosphere external to the extinguisher.
  • a sealing means must be provided between these two compartments.
  • a stainless steel bellows 17 has been placed which provides a chamber 25 in communication with the third compartment 31, the chamber 25 surrounding the shaft 30 and protecting it from the contents of the fire extinguisher 1.
  • the shaft 30 transmits the position of the plate 21. This position results from the balance of forces between the pressures applied to the effective sections of the bellows 17, 22, 23 and the stiffness of these same bellows.
  • the bellows 17 and 23 are subjected to the same internal pressure (pressure in the chamber 31) through the passage sections 12 and 13.
  • the bellows 17 is rigidly connected to the part 18.
  • the bellows 23 is rigidly connected to the part 32
  • the parts 18 and 32 are rigidly linked together.
  • the cross sections of the bellows 17 and 23 having the same value, the pressure fluctuations in the chamber 31 do not influence the position of the plate 21.
  • the shaft 30 rises until triggering the swich 8.
  • a second microswitch is placed for example on the stop 32 to detect the descent of the shaft 30 when the bellows 23 leaks.
  • the safety device is fixed and a flat seal 20 is arranged so as to ensure the seal.
  • the interface 19 is constituted by a thread in order to make the safety device removable. The orifice is closed during the test by a corresponding threaded plug.
  • the filling of the chamber 4 is ensured by a tube 15.
  • the fillings of the extinguisher 1 and of the chamber 4 ensure there the same thermodynamic mixtures (same temperature pressure variations).
  • the tube is welded at 16.
  • the characteristic of the invention which makes the filling pressure of the enclosure to be checked equal to that of the pressure switch avoids the risks of leakage on closing 16.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a method for filling a temperature compensated pressure switch according to the invention.
  • a filling tank is first loaded from the primary vacuum to a given mass of mixture which is defined to obtain at the end of filling the mixing ratio and the desired thermodynamic conditions.
  • At least one pressure switch is put on primary vacuum and connected to an access valve (initially closed) to the filling tank.
  • the assembly is placed in a climatic chamber brought to a higher temperature equal to the critical temperature of the mixture.
  • thermodynamic equilibrium is awaited, then the access valve is closed and the filling tube 15 of each pressure switch is closed, which returns to ambient temperature.
  • the cycle is determined so that the molar composition and the pressure in the pressure switch at the end of filling correspond to the desired values.
  • the invention applies to the monitoring of pressurized gas storage capacities both for on-board installations on air, space or land vehicles, as well as for fixed installations such as refinery storage tanks.
  • the invention applies to the inflation bottles of the inflatable lifeboats on board the devices.
  • the pressure switch is formed around a Bourdon tube immersed in the capacity to be monitored, the capacity of which is filled with the reference mixture.
  • the tube is of calibrated stiffness and movable so as to drive an actuating lever of a microcontact analogous to the contact (8) so as to generate the alarm signal warning the central security that the controlled enclosure undergoes a drop in pressure due to leakage.
  • This pressure drop is not due to a variation in the outside atmosphere since the pressure switch is said to be temperature compensated.
  • the pressure switch always includes a balancing chamber intended to balance, that is to say cancel, the pressure variations of the external atmosphere of the pressure switch.
  • the pressure drop information is transmitted to a micro-contact inside the capacity to be monitored which is subject to external pressure conditions.
  • the installation of a balancing system based on the principle of that of the figure removes the influence of external pressure on the system.
  • the microswitch 8 is replaced by an electrical device which provides a functional signal of the position of the mobile 30, that is to say of the pressures acting on the parts of the pressure switch linked to the mobile 30.
  • the derived signal is calibrated and continuously supplies the value of the controlled differential pressure.

Abstract

Extincteur muni d'un pressostat compensé en température, comportant un agent propulsif et un agent d'extinction sous formes gazeuses, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une chambre (4) étanche emplie d'un mélange caractéristique thermodynamique semblable à celle des deux agents dans l'extincteur, un système (22 , 25) mesurant la pression différentielle existant entre l'intérieur de la chambre étanche et l'intérieur proprement dit et un dispositif (8) actionné par le système (21 , 25) de mesure de la pression différentielle et engendrant un signal d'alarme quand la pression différentielle dépasse une valeur de seuil.Fire extinguisher provided with a temperature compensated pressure switch, comprising a propellant and an extinguishing agent in gaseous forms, characterized in that it comprises a sealed chamber (4) filled with a characteristic thermodynamic mixture similar to that of the two agents in the fire extinguisher, a system (22, 25) measuring the differential pressure existing between the interior of the sealed chamber and the interior itself and a device (8) actuated by the system (21, 25) for measuring the differential pressure and generating an alarm signal when the differential pressure exceeds a threshold value.

Description

La présente invention concerne un pressostat compensé en température et un extincteur à sécurité de fonctionnement. Elle concerne aussi un procédé de remplissage d'un pressostat selon l'invention. Elle trouve application dans le domaine aéronautique de lutte contre le feu dans les appareils par extinction à décharge rapide.The present invention relates to a temperature compensated pressure switch and a fire extinguisher with operating safety. It also relates to a method for filling a pressure switch according to the invention. It finds application in the aeronautical field of fire fighting in fast discharge extinguishing devices.

Dans un avion, les ensembles de lutte contre le feu ne jouent jamais qu'une fois et ceci rarement sur toute une flotte d'avions. Ainsi un extincteur a très peu de chances d'être actionné. Mais quand il l'est, il doit fonctionner aussi bien cinq ou dix ans après qu'au jour de sa fabrication. Or les méthodes de fabrication des extincteurs entraînent le risque de fuites à débits très faibles. L'extincteur peut après un temps très long se trouver inutilisable ou inefficace. Pour remédier à cet état, l'art antérieur présente une solution qui consiste à mesurer en permanence la pression interne de l'extincteur et à la comparer à une pression de seuil. Dès que la mesure devient inférieure à la valeur de la pression limite, un microcontact monté sur le capteur fournit un signal d'alarme transmis à la centrale de sécurité de l'avion.In an airplane, the firefighting sets never play once and this rarely on an entire fleet of planes. Thus a fire extinguisher has very little chance of being activated. But when it is, it must work as well five or ten years after that as of the day of its manufacture. However, the methods of manufacturing fire extinguishers involve the risk of leaks at very low flow rates. The extinguisher may after a very long time be unusable or ineffective. To remedy this state, the prior art presents a solution which consists in permanently measuring the internal pressure of the extinguisher and in comparing it with a threshold pressure. As soon as the measurement falls below the limit pressure value, a microswitch mounted on the sensor provides an alarm signal transmitted to the aircraft safety center.

Mais l'extincteur étant soumis à des conditions de température très variables selon le lieu, l'époque et l'altitude, la pression qui règne à l'intérieur de l'extincteur varie aussi selon une loi thermo­dynamique complexe. D'autre part, les extincteurs dont il est question comportent deux agents gazeux :
- un agent de propulsion comme de l'azote, et
- un agent anti-feu comme du halon.But the extinguisher being subjected to very variable temperature conditions according to the place, the time and the altitude, the pressure which reigns inside the extinguisher also varies according to a complex thermodynamic law. On the other hand, the extinguishers in question include two gaseous agents:
- a propellant such as nitrogen, and
- an anti-fire agent such as halon.

Or les gaz sont en général miscibles et il faudrait tenir compte de leurs interactions.However, gases are generally miscible and their interactions should be taken into account.

La présente invention apporte une solution à ces problèmes. Elle se signale aussi par une grande simplicité de moyens ce qui la rend relativement moins coûteuse que les solutions classiques. En effet, la présente invention concerne un pressostat compensé en température. Le pressostat comporte une première chambre, emplie d'un mélange de référence à caractéristique thermodynamique semblable à celle d'un mélange emplissant une enceinte à controler. Elle concerne aussi un extincteur muni d'un dispositif de sécurité, comportant un agent propulsif et un agent d'extinction sous formes gazeuses, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une chambre étanche emplie d'un mélange de caractéristique thermodynamique semblable à celle des deux agents dans l'extincteur, un système mesurant la pression différentielle existant entre l'intérieur de la chambre étanche et l'intérieur de l'extincteur proprement dit et un dispositif actionné par le système de mesure de la pression différentielle et engendrant un signal d'alarme quand la pression différentielle dépasse une valeur de seuil. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de remplissage de pressostats selon l'invention. Le procédé consiste à remplir un réservoir de remplissage avec le mélange de référence puis à faire un vide primaire sur les pressostats à remplir. L'en­semble est introduit dans un thermostat à une température supé­rieure à la température critique du mélange de référence. A l'équilibre, le réservoir de remplissage est connecté aux pressostats à remplir. Quand l'équilibre est atteint, les pressostats sont scellés et sont remis à la température ambiante.The present invention provides a solution to these problems. It also stands out for its great simplicity of means, which makes it relatively less expensive than conventional solutions. Indeed, the present invention relates to a temperature compensated pressure switch. The pressure switch has a first chamber, filled with a reference mixture with thermodynamic characteristics similar to that of a mixture filling a chamber to be controlled. It also relates to an extinguisher provided with a safety device, comprising a propellant and an extinguishing agent in gaseous forms, characterized in that it comprises a sealed chamber filled with a mixture of thermodynamic characteristic similar to that of the two agents in the extinguisher, a system measuring the differential pressure existing between the interior of the sealed chamber and the interior of the extinguisher itself and a device actuated by the differential pressure measurement system and generating a signal alarm when the differential pressure exceeds a threshold value. The invention also relates to a method for filling pressure switches according to the invention. The process consists of filling a filling tank with the reference mixture and then creating a primary vacuum on the pressure switches to be filled. The assembly is introduced into a thermostat at a temperature higher than the critical temperature of the reference mixture. At equilibrium, the filling tank is connected to the pressure switches to be filled. When equilibrium is reached, the pressure switches are sealed and returned to room temperature.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaî­tront à l'aide de la description et de la figure annexée qui représente en coupe un exemple de réalisation d'un extincteur selon la présente invention.Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become apparent from the description and the appended figure which shows in section an embodiment of an extinguisher according to the present invention.

A la figure, on a représenté la seule partie 1 de l'extincteur qui porte le dispositif pour assurer la sécurité de fonctionnement de l'extincteur. L'enveloppe 2 de l'extincteur comporte un perçage à travers lequel un boîtier 3 est passé. Le boîtier 3 comprend une chambre 4 rempli d'un mélange gazeux dont le comportement ther­modynamique en pression et température est semblable à celui contenu dans l'extincteur proprement dit. Le mélange gazeux dans la chambre 4 doit donc présenter une caractéristique pression-tempé­rature identique à celle des gaz contenus dans l'extincteur. Les deux courbes peuvent être identiques ou obtenues par une simple trans­lation constante. Dans l'exemple de réalisation, le mélange de la chambre 4 est celui contenu dans l'extincteur.In the figure, there is shown the only part 1 of the extinguisher which carries the device to ensure the operational safety of the extinguisher. The casing 2 of the fire extinguisher has a hole through which a housing 3 is passed. The housing 3 includes a chamber 4 filled with a gas mixture whose thermodynamic behavior in pressure and temperature is similar to that contained in the fire extinguisher itself. The gas mixture in chamber 4 must therefore have a pressure-temperature characteristic identical to that of the gases contained in the extinguisher. The two curves can be identical or obtained by a simple constant translation. In the exemplary embodiment, the mixture of the chamber 4 is that contained in the extinguisher.

Une particularité de la chambre 4 est qu'elle est parfaitement étanche. Les défauts d'étanchéité d'un extincteur sont souvent provoqués par la technique de fabrication. En effet, les extincteurs haute pression comportent souvent des étanchéïtés par un joint plat. Les fuites très faibles à ce niveau peuvent amener en cinq ans des écarts de pression de dix pour cent environ incompatibles avec les normes de sécurité. La chambre 4 est construite de manière à éviter ces fuites.A special feature of the chamber 4 is that it is perfectly sealed. Leaks in a fire extinguisher are often caused by the manufacturing technique. Indeed, high pressure fire extinguishers often have seals by a flat seal. Very small leaks at this level can lead to pressure differences of around ten percent in five years, which are incompatible with safety standards. Chamber 4 is constructed so as to avoid these leaks.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation, la chambre 4 est une partie du boîtier 3. Celui-ci comporte un volume 5 qui communique par des orifices 6 , 7 avec l'intérieur de l'extincteur. Le volume 5 est adja­cent à la chambre 4. La chambre 4 comporte une paroi 21 , 24 adjacente au volume 5 et supporte donc d'un côté une pression P1 dans la chambre 4 et de l'autre une pression P2 dans le volume 5 et donc dans l'extincteur 1.In the exemplary embodiment, the chamber 4 is a part of the housing 3. The latter comprises a volume 5 which communicates through orifices 6, 7 with the interior of the extinguisher. The volume 5 is adjacent to the chamber 4. The chamber 4 has a wall 21, 24 adjacent to the volume 5 and therefore supports on one side a pressure P1 in the chamber 4 and on the other a pressure P2 in the volume 5 and so in fire extinguisher 1.

Pour mesurer la pression différentielle P1-P2, la paroi 21 , 24 comporte deux parties dont l'une 24 est fixe relativement au vo­lume 5, et l'autre mobile 21. La partie mobile 21 est reliée à la partie fixe 24 par un soufflet 22 par exemple hydroformé en inox du type Calorstat qui sert à la fois d'étanchéité et de ressort de tarage.To measure the differential pressure P1-P2, the wall 21, 24 has two parts, one of which 24 is fixed relative to the volume 5, and the other mobile 21. The mobile part 21 is connected to the fixed part 24 by a bellows 22 for example hydroformed stainless steel of the Calorstat type which serves both as a seal and as a calibration spring.

On conçoit ainsi que l'axe 30 solidaire de la paroi mobile 21 se déplace d'une quantité fonction de la différence de pression P2-P1 entre les deux compartiments 4 , 5. Comme les mélanges ont le même comportement thermodynamique, cette différence de pres­sion ne dépend pas de la température et le dispositif de sécurité est donc bien compensé en température.It is thus understood that the axis 30 integral with the movable wall 21 moves by an amount which is a function of the pressure difference P2-P1 between the two compartments 4, 5. As the mixtures have the same thermodynamic behavior, this pressure difference does not depend on the temperature and the safety device is therefore well compensated in temperature.

L'arbre 30 est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec la paroi mobile 21 de façon à éviter les problèmes d'étanchéité. Il porte aussi un doigt 9 monté en bout d'arbre 30 sur une butée 11. Le doigt 9 passe à travers un orifice dans un troisième compartiment 31 du boîtier 3. Ce compartiment 31 contient un microcontact 8 qui n'est actionné que pour une course du doigt 9 correspondant à une différence de pression critique.The shaft 30 is made in one piece with the movable wall 21 so as to avoid sealing problems. He also wears a finger 9 mounted at the end of the shaft 30 on a stop 11. The finger 9 passes through an orifice in a third compartment 31 of the housing 3. This compartment 31 contains a microswitch 8 which is actuated only for a stroke of the finger 9 corresponding to a critical pressure difference.

Dans cette hypothèse, on sait que les fuites de l'extincteur le rendent inutilisable et un générateur 10 émet un signal à une centrale de sécurité montée dans l'avion par exemple.In this hypothesis, it is known that leaks from the extinguisher make it unusable and a generator 10 emits a signal to a security center mounted on the aircraft for example.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, il faut que le microcontact 8 travaille dans un environnement proche de celui de l'atmosphère libre, c'est-à-dire de l'atmosphère extérieure à l'extincteur.In an exemplary embodiment, it is necessary for the microswitch 8 to work in an environment close to that of the free atmosphere, that is to say of the atmosphere external to the extinguisher.

Comme l'arbre 30 traverse le boîtier 3 à la séparation entre le volume 5 au second compartiment et le troisième compartiment 31; il faut disposer un moyen d'étanchéité entre ces deux compar­timents. On a disposé un soufflet en inox 17 qui ménage une chambre 25 en communication avec le troisième compartiment 31, la chambre 25 entourant l'arbre 30 et le protégeant du contenu de l'extincteur 1.As the shaft 30 crosses the housing 3 at the separation between the volume 5 in the second compartment and the third compartment 31; a sealing means must be provided between these two compartments. A stainless steel bellows 17 has been placed which provides a chamber 25 in communication with the third compartment 31, the chamber 25 surrounding the shaft 30 and protecting it from the contents of the fire extinguisher 1.

L'arbre 30 transmet la position du plateau 21. Cette position découle de l'équilibre des forces entre les pressions appliquées sur les sections efficaces des soufflets 17, 22, 23 et des raideurs de ces mêmes soufflets.The shaft 30 transmits the position of the plate 21. This position results from the balance of forces between the pressures applied to the effective sections of the bellows 17, 22, 23 and the stiffness of these same bellows.

Les soufflets 17 et 23 sont soumis à la même pression intérieure (pression dans la chambre 31) de par les sections de passage 12 et 13. Le soufflet 17 est lié rigidement à la partie 18. Le soufflet 23 est lié rigidement à la partie 32. Les parties 18 et 32 sont liées rigidement entre elles. De plus les sections efficaces des soufflets 17 et 23 ayant même valeur, les fluctuations de la pression dans la chambre 31 n'influent pas sur la position du plateau 21.The bellows 17 and 23 are subjected to the same internal pressure (pressure in the chamber 31) through the passage sections 12 and 13. The bellows 17 is rigidly connected to the part 18. The bellows 23 is rigidly connected to the part 32 The parts 18 and 32 are rigidly linked together. In addition, the cross sections of the bellows 17 and 23 having the same value, the pressure fluctuations in the chamber 31 do not influence the position of the plate 21.

Si l'extincteur présente une fuite à faible débit entre la chambre P2 à la pression de l'extincteur et la chambre 25 à la pression de l'extérieur, l'arbre 30 remonte jusqu'à déclencher le swich 8. Dans un exemple de réalisation, on a prévu aussi le cas où le soufflet 23 présentait une fuite entre les champbres 14 et 4. Un second microcontact est disposé par exemple sur la butée 32 pour détecter la descente de l'arbre 30 à la fuite du soufflet 23.If the extinguisher has a low flow leakage between the chamber P2 at the pressure of the extinguisher and the chamber 25 at the pressure from the outside, the shaft 30 rises until triggering the swich 8. In an example of embodiment, provision was also made for the case where the bellows 23 had a leak between the shafts 14 and 4. A second microswitch is placed for example on the stop 32 to detect the descent of the shaft 30 when the bellows 23 leaks.

A l'interface 19 du boîtier 3 et de l'enveloppe 2 de l'ex­tincteur 1, on fixe le dispositif de sécurité et on dispose un joint plat 20 de manière à assurer l'étanchéïté.At the interface 19 of the housing 3 and of the casing 2 of the fire extinguisher 1, the safety device is fixed and a flat seal 20 is arranged so as to ensure the seal.

Dans les cas où l'enveloppe 2 est soumise à des essais de réception à très hautes pressions, il n'est pas question de faire subir au dispositif de sécurité de tels efforts. Aussi l'interface 19 est constituée par un filetage afin de rendre le dispositif de sécurité amovible. L'orifice est refermé pendant l'essai par un bouchon fileté correspondant.In cases where the casing 2 is subjected to reception tests at very high pressures, there is no question of subjecting the security device to such efforts. Also the interface 19 is constituted by a thread in order to make the safety device removable. The orifice is closed during the test by a corresponding threaded plug.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, le remplissage de la chambre 4 est assuré par un tube 15. Dans un exemple de réali­sation, les remplissages de l'extincteur 1 et de la chambre 4 y assurent les mêmes mélanges thermodynamques (mêmes variations pression température). A la fin du remplissage, le tube est soudé en 16.In an exemplary embodiment, the filling of the chamber 4 is ensured by a tube 15. In an exemplary embodiment, the fillings of the extinguisher 1 and of the chamber 4 ensure there the same thermodynamic mixtures (same temperature pressure variations). At the end of filling, the tube is welded at 16.

En particulier, la caractéristique de l'invention qui fait la pression de remplissage de l'enceinte à controler égale à celle du pressostat évite les risques de fuite à la fermeture 16.In particular, the characteristic of the invention which makes the filling pressure of the enclosure to be checked equal to that of the pressure switch avoids the risks of leakage on closing 16.

Le remplissage du pressostat avant sa pose sur l'enceinte à controler pose un problème délicat. En effet, le mélange dans la chambre 4 doit avoir un rapport de mélange et une pression parfaitement adaptés et donc déterminés par les caractéristiques du mélange dans l'enceinte à controler. L'invention concerne donc aussi un procédé de remplissage d'un pressostat compensé en température selon l'invention. Selon le procédé, un réservoir de remplissage est d'abord chargé depuis le vide primaire jusqu'à une masse donnée de mélange qui est définie pour obtenir à la fin du remplissage le rapport de mélange et les conditions thermodynamique désirées. Au moins un pressostat est mis au vide primaire et connecté à un robinet d'accès (initialement fermé) au réservoir de remplissage. L'ensemble est placé dans une enceinte climatique portée à une température supérieure égale à la température critique du mélange. On attend ensuite l'équilibre thermodymanique du mélange puis on ouvre le robinet d'accès au réservoir de façon à remplir les thermostats. On attend l'équilibre thermodynamique puis on referme le robinet d'accès et on scelle le tube 15 de remplissage de chaque pressostat qui retourne à la température ambiante. Le cycle est déterminé de manière à ce que la composition molaire et la pression dans le pressostat à la fin du remplissage correspondent à des valeurs désirés.Filling the pressure switch before it is placed on the enclosure to be checked poses a delicate problem. In fact, the mixture in chamber 4 must have a perfectly adapted mixing ratio and pressure and therefore determined by the characteristics of the mixture in the enclosure to be checked. The invention therefore also relates to a method for filling a temperature compensated pressure switch according to the invention. According to the method, a filling tank is first loaded from the primary vacuum to a given mass of mixture which is defined to obtain at the end of filling the mixing ratio and the desired thermodynamic conditions. At least one pressure switch is put on primary vacuum and connected to an access valve (initially closed) to the filling tank. The assembly is placed in a climatic chamber brought to a higher temperature equal to the critical temperature of the mixture. We then wait for the thermo-mechanical balance of the mixture and then open the tank access valve so as to fill the thermostats. The thermodynamic equilibrium is awaited, then the access valve is closed and the filling tube 15 of each pressure switch is closed, which returns to ambient temperature. The cycle is determined so that the molar composition and the pressure in the pressure switch at the end of filling correspond to the desired values.

L'invention s'applique à la surveillance des capacités de sto­ckage de gaz sous pression aussi bien pour des installations embar­quées sur des véhicules aériens, spatiaux ou terrestres, que pour des installations fixes comme des réservoirs de stockage de raffineries. En particulier l'invention s'applique aux bouteilles de glonflage des canots pneumatiques de sauvetage embarqués sur les appareils.The invention applies to the monitoring of pressurized gas storage capacities both for on-board installations on air, space or land vehicles, as well as for fixed installations such as refinery storage tanks. In particular, the invention applies to the inflation bottles of the inflatable lifeboats on board the devices.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le pressostat est constitué autour d'un tube de Bourdon plongé dans la capacité à surveiller dont la capacité est rempli du mélange de référence. Le tube est de raideur étalonnée et mobile de manière à entraîner un levier d'actionnement d'un microcontact analogue au contact (8) de manière à engendrer le signal d'alarme avertissant la centrale de sécurité que l'enceinte contrôlée subit une baisse de pression dûe à une fuite. Cette baisse de pression n'est pas dûe à une variation de l'atmosphère extérieure puisque le pressostat est dit compensé en température. A cette fin, le pressostat comporte toujours une chambre d'équilibrage destinée à équilibrer, c'est-à-dire à annuler, les variations de pression de l'atmosphère extérieure du pressostat. Dans le cas d'un pressostat à tube de Bourdon, l'information de chute de pression est transmise à un micro contact à l'intérieur de la capacité à surveiller qui est soumis aux conditions extérieures de pression. La mise en place d'un système d'équilibrage basé sur le principe de celui de la figure supprime l'influence de la pression extérieure sur le système.In another embodiment, the pressure switch is formed around a Bourdon tube immersed in the capacity to be monitored, the capacity of which is filled with the reference mixture. The tube is of calibrated stiffness and movable so as to drive an actuating lever of a microcontact analogous to the contact (8) so as to generate the alarm signal warning the central security that the controlled enclosure undergoes a drop in pressure due to leakage. This pressure drop is not due to a variation in the outside atmosphere since the pressure switch is said to be temperature compensated. To this end, the pressure switch always includes a balancing chamber intended to balance, that is to say cancel, the pressure variations of the external atmosphere of the pressure switch. In the case of a Bourdon tube pressure switch, the pressure drop information is transmitted to a micro-contact inside the capacity to be monitored which is subject to external pressure conditions. The installation of a balancing system based on the principle of that of the figure removes the influence of external pressure on the system.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le microcontact 8 est remplacé par un dispositif électrique qui fournit un signal fonction de la position du mobile 30 c'est-à-dire des pressions agissant sur les parties du pressostat liées au mobile 30. Le signal dérivé est étalonné et fournit en permanence la valeur de la pression diffé­rentielle contrôlée.In another embodiment, the microswitch 8 is replaced by an electrical device which provides a functional signal of the position of the mobile 30, that is to say of the pressures acting on the parts of the pressure switch linked to the mobile 30. The derived signal is calibrated and continuously supplies the value of the controlled differential pressure.

Claims (21)

1. Pressostat compensé en température, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une chambre étanche (4) emplie d'un mélange de réfé­rence, la chambre (4) subissant une déformation mécanique en relation avec la différence de pression existant entre la pression du mélange de référence et la pression régnant à l'intérieur d'une capacité (1) à contrôler, cette déformation étant transmise à un dispositif mobile (30) actionnant un dispositif électrique (8) destiné à fournir un signal en relation avec le déplacement du mobile (30).1. Temperature compensated pressure switch, characterized in that it comprises a sealed chamber (4) filled with a reference mixture, the chamber (4) undergoing mechanical deformation in relation to the pressure difference existing between the pressure of the mixture of reference and the pressure prevailing inside a capacity (1) to be controlled, this deformation being transmitted to a mobile device (30) actuating an electrical device (8) intended to supply a signal related to the movement of the mobile (30). 2. Pressostat selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mobile (30) est neutralisé relativement aux variations de pression de l'atmosphère extérieure par le moyen d'une seconde chambre (14) dans laquelle règne la pression de l'atmosphère extérieure et dans laquelle se prolonge le dispositif mobile (30).2. Pressure switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile (30) is neutralized with respect to variations in pressure of the external atmosphere by means of a second chamber (14) in which the pressure of the external atmosphere prevails and in which the mobile device (30) extends. 3. Pressostat selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (4) est limité par une paroi déformable (22) au moins dans le sens de déplacement du mobile (30) et en contact avec la pression de la capacité à contrôler.3. Pressure switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber (4) is limited by a deformable wall (22) at least in the direction of movement of the mobile (30) and in contact with the pressure of the capacity to be checked. 4. Pressostat selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la paroi déformable est constituée par un tube de Bourdon dont l'extrémité libre est liée au mobile (30).4. Pressure switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the deformable wall is constituted by a Bourdon tube whose free end is linked to the mobile (30). 5. Pressostat selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la paroi déformable est constituée par un soufflet (22) lié au mobile (30).5. Pressure switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the deformable wall is constituted by a bellows (22) connected to the mobile (30). 6. Pressostat selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que une extrêmité du mobile (30), opposée relativement au déplacement de ce mobile à l'extrêmité actionnant le dispositif électrique (8), est soumise à l'action de la pression règnant dans une chambre (14) d'équilibrage de la pression de l'atmosphère extérieure du pressotat et en ce que la chambre (14) d'équilibrage est disposée à l'intérieur de la chambre (4) emplie du mélange de référence.6. Pressure switch according to claim 2, characterized in that one end of the mobile (30), opposite relative to the movement of this mobile at the end actuating the electrical device (8), is subjected to the action of the pressure prevailing in a chamber (14) for balancing the pressure of the external atmosphere of the pressotate and in that the balancing chamber (14) is arranged inside the chamber (4) filled with the reference mixture. 7. Pressostat selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que un dispositif électrique détecte une position du mobile (30) de disfonctionnement du pressostat quand une fuite a lieu entre les chambres de référence (4) et d'équilibrage (14).7. Pressure switch according to claim 2, characterized in that an electrical device detects a position of the moving part (30) of the pressure switch malfunction when a leak occurs between the reference (4) and balancing (14) chambers. 8. Extincteur muni d'un pressostat compensé en température selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant un agent propulsif et un agent d'extinction sous formes gazeuses, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une chambre (4) étanche emplie d'un mélange de référence à caractéristique thermodynamique semblable à celle des deux agents dans l'extincteur, un système (22 , 25) mesurant la pression différentielle existant entre l'intérieur de la chambre étanche et l'intérieur de l'extincteur proprement dit et un dis­positif (8) actionné par le système (22 , 25) de mesure de la pression différentielle et engendrant un signal d'alarme quand la pression différentielle dépasse une valeur de seuil.8. Fire extinguisher provided with a temperature compensated pressure switch according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a propellant and an extinguishing agent in gaseous forms, characterized in that it comprises a sealed chamber (4) filled with a reference mixture with thermodynamic characteristic similar to that of the two agents in the extinguisher, a system (22, 25) measuring the differential pressure existing between the interior of the sealed chamber and the interior of the extinguisher itself and a device (8) actuated by the differential pressure measurement system (22, 25) and generating an alarm signal when the differential pressure exceeds a threshold value. 9. Extincteur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (4) est remplie du même mélange des deux agents gazeux que l'extincteur (1).9. Fire extinguisher according to claim 8, characterized in that the chamber (4) is filled with the same mixture of the two gaseous agents as the fire extinguisher (1). 10. Extincteur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (4) et l'extincteur (1) sont remplis à la même pression.10. Fire extinguisher according to claim 9, characterized in that the chamber (4) and the fire extinguisher (1) are filled at the same pressure. 11. Extincteur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (4) porte un dispositif (21 , 25) de mesure de la pression différentielle.11. Fire extinguisher according to claim 8, characterized in that the chamber (4) carries a device (21, 25) for measuring the differential pressure. 12. Extincteur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (4) est le premier compartiment d'un boîtier (3) con­tenant le dispositif de sécurité selon l'invention, le dispositif de mesure de pression différentielle étant disposé à l'interface entre le premier compartiment (4) et un second compartiment (5) du boîtier (3) en communication par des orifices (6 , 7) avec l'intérieur de l'extincteur.12. Fire extinguisher according to claim 11, characterized in that the chamber (4) is the first compartment of a housing (3) containing the safety device according to the invention, the differential pressure measurement device being arranged at the interface between the first compartment (4) and a second compartment (5) of the housing (3) in communication through orifices (6, 7) with the interior of the extinguisher. 13. Extincteur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure de la pression différentielle comporte un soufflet (22) reliant une partie mobile (21) à une partie fixe (24) de la paroi séparant les deux compartiments (4 , 5) et en ce que, la partie mobile (21) porte aussi un doigt (9) d'actionnement du dis­ positif (8).13. Fire extinguisher according to claim 12, characterized in that the differential pressure measuring device comprises a bellows (22) connecting a movable part (21) to a fixed part (24) of the wall separating the two compartments (4, 5) and in that, the movable part (21) also carries a finger (9) for actuating the dis positive (8). 14. Extincteur selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le doigt (9) est monté sur un arbre (30) avec une butée (11) pour limiter sa course, l'arbre (30) étant une extension de la partie mobile (21).14. Fire extinguisher according to claim 13, characterized in that the finger (9) is mounted on a shaft (30) with a stop (11) to limit its stroke, the shaft (30) being an extension of the movable part ( 21). 15. Extincteur selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (8) est disposé dans un troisième compartiment (31) du boîtier (3) et en ce que l'arbre (30) traverse par un orifice la séparation entre les deuxième (5) et troisième (31) compartiments.15. Fire extinguisher according to claim 14, characterized in that the device (8) is arranged in a third compartment (31) of the housing (3) and in that the shaft (30) passes through an orifice the separation between the second (5) and third (31) compartments. 16. Extincteur selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que l'étanchéité entre les deuxième (5) et troisième (31) compartiments est assurée par un soufflet (17) fixé d'une part sur l'orifice de passage de l'arbre (30) et d'autre part sur l'arbre (30).16. Fire extinguisher according to claim 15, characterized in that the seal between the second (5) and third (31) compartments is ensured by a bellows (17) fixed on the one hand to the orifice for passage of the shaft (30) and on the other hand on the shaft (30). 17. Extincteur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre (30) est prolongé vers le premier compartiment (4) dans une chambre (14) limitée par un soufflet (23) fixé d'une part sur le prolongement de l'arbre (30) et d'autre part sur une paroi fixe (34) fond du premier compartiment (4) et en ce que un canal (12) dans l'arbre (30) met en communication par des orifices (12) la chambre (25) avec la chambre (14).17. Fire extinguisher according to claim 16, characterized in that the shaft (30) is extended towards the first compartment (4) in a chamber (14) limited by a bellows (23) fixed on the one hand on the extension of the 'shaft (30) and on the other hand on a fixed wall (34) bottom of the first compartment (4) and in that a channel (12) in the shaft (30) communicates through orifices (12) the chamber (25) with the chamber (14). 18. Extincteur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un contact électrique destiné à engendrer un signal d'alarme de disfonctionnement du pressostat, le contact étant disposé de manière à détecter un mouvement vers le fond de la chambre (14) de l'arbre (30).18. Fire extinguisher according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises an electrical contact intended to generate an alarm signal of malfunction of the pressure switch, the contact being arranged so as to detect a movement towards the bottom of the chamber (14) of the tree (30). 19. Extincteur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'interface (19) entre le boîtier (3) et la paroi (2) de l'extincteur est constitué par un filetage pour rendre amovible le pressostat.19. Fire extinguisher according to claim 9, characterized in that the interface (19) between the housing (3) and the wall (2) of the fire extinguisher is constituted by a thread to make the pressure switch removable. 20. Procédé de remplissage d'un pressostat selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à :
- à remplir un réservoir de remplissage avec une masse prédéterminée de mélange de référence ;
- à réaliser un vide primaire dans les pressostats à remplir ;
- puis à disposer l'ensemble dans un thermostat à une tem­ pérature supérieure à la température critique du mélange de réfé­rence ;
- à attendre que l'équilibre thermodunamique soit établi ;
- à connecter ensuite les pressostats au réservoir de rem­plissage ;
- à attendre que l'équilibre thermodynamique soit établi ;
- puis à sceller les pressostats et les faire retourner à la température ambiante.20. Method for filling a pressure switch according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it consists of:
- filling a filling tank with a predetermined mass of reference mixture;
- to create a primary vacuum in the pressure switches to be filled;
- then place the assembly in a one-time thermostat temperature above the critical temperature of the reference mixture;
- to wait until the thermodunamic equilibrium is established;
- then connect the pressure switches to the filling tank;
- wait until the thermodynamic equilibrium is established;
- then seal the pressure switches and return them to room temperature. 21. Procédé selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que on préssurise le réservoir de remplissage à l'azote avant son échauf­fement.21. The method of claim 20, characterized in that the filling tank is pressurized with nitrogen before it heats up.
EP86400492A 1984-10-26 1986-03-07 Temperature compensated pressure regulator and extinguisher safety device equipped with such a pressure regulator. Expired - Lifetime EP0236638B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8416438A FR2572292B3 (en) 1984-10-26 1984-10-26 OPERATING SAFETY EXTINGUISHER
DE8686400492T DE3679179D1 (en) 1986-03-07 1986-03-07 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED PRESSURE REGULATOR AND SAFETY DEVICE FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHERS WITH SUCH A PRESSURE REGULATOR.
EP86400492A EP0236638B1 (en) 1986-03-07 1986-03-07 Temperature compensated pressure regulator and extinguisher safety device equipped with such a pressure regulator.
CA000506349A CA1256961A (en) 1986-03-07 1986-04-10 Temperature compensated pressure minder, extinguisher with safe handling feature having said pressure minder, and filling process of a like pressure minder
US06/853,922 US4697643A (en) 1986-03-07 1986-04-21 Temperature-compensated pressure controller, operationally reliable extinguisher provided with such a pressure controller and process for filling such a pressure controller

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86400492A EP0236638B1 (en) 1986-03-07 1986-03-07 Temperature compensated pressure regulator and extinguisher safety device equipped with such a pressure regulator.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0236638A1 true EP0236638A1 (en) 1987-09-16
EP0236638B1 EP0236638B1 (en) 1991-05-08

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EP86400492A Expired - Lifetime EP0236638B1 (en) 1984-10-26 1986-03-07 Temperature compensated pressure regulator and extinguisher safety device equipped with such a pressure regulator.

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US (1) US4697643A (en)
EP (1) EP0236638B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1256961A (en)
DE (1) DE3679179D1 (en)

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CA1256961A (en) 1989-07-04
DE3679179D1 (en) 1991-06-13
US4697643A (en) 1987-10-06
EP0236638B1 (en) 1991-05-08

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