EP0239360A2 - Low density porous elastic crosslinked polymeric materials and their preparation - Google Patents

Low density porous elastic crosslinked polymeric materials and their preparation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0239360A2
EP0239360A2 EP19870302517 EP87302517A EP0239360A2 EP 0239360 A2 EP0239360 A2 EP 0239360A2 EP 19870302517 EP19870302517 EP 19870302517 EP 87302517 A EP87302517 A EP 87302517A EP 0239360 A2 EP0239360 A2 EP 0239360A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elastic
porous polymer
polymer
range
emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19870302517
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0239360B1 (en
EP0239360A3 (en
Inventor
Christopher John Carruthers Edwards
Donald Peter Gregory
Martin Sharples
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
Original Assignee
Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10595282&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0239360(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Unilever PLC, Unilever NV filed Critical Unilever PLC
Publication of EP0239360A2 publication Critical patent/EP0239360A2/en
Publication of EP0239360A3 publication Critical patent/EP0239360A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0239360B1 publication Critical patent/EP0239360B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
    • C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
    • C08J9/283—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum a discontinuous liquid phase emulsified in a continuous macromolecular phase

Definitions

  • This invention relates to low density polymeric materials, more particularly to low density porous elastic cross-linked polymeric materials and methods for their preparation.
  • the porous materials comprise pores interconnected by holes in their side walls so forming a permeable structure.
  • the present invention provides an elastic cross-linked porous polymer having a porosity in the range 75 to 98% and having interconnected pores, said pores having a mean pore diameter in the range 15 to 80 ⁇ m, said polymer having an elastic return from 50% compression to 90% of original thickness of less than 120 seconds.
  • the elastic porous polymer has an elastic return from 50% compression to 90% of initial thickness of less than 40 seconds.
  • any elastic material will have a glass transition temperature below ambient temperature i.e. its surrounding temperature.
  • the present porous polymers should have a glass transition temperature (Tg) below ambient temperature, which is usually room temperature, but can be above or below room temperature depending on the conditions of the intended use of the polymer.
  • the polymer comprises up to 50% by weight of styrene and at least 50% by weight of an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate.
  • the alkyl acrylate comprises 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate or a mixture thereof.
  • a surprising feature of the present invention is that the desired elastic properties of the porous polymer are only achieved when the mean pore diameter is in the specified range. It has been found that additional or excessive mixing of the emulsion, which reduces both the breadth and mean value of the distribution of pore diameters, produces a material which collapses irreversibly on drying.
  • the elastic cross-­linked polymer has pores having a mean pore diameter in the range 25 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m.
  • a process for the preparation of an elastic porous polymer in which the monomers, at least one of which is polyfunctional, and an oil-soluble surfactant are mixed together and an aqueous phase is added in sufficient quantity to generate a high internal phase volume emulsion in the range 75 to 98% internal phase volume, the emulsion being given further sufficient stirring to generate droplets having a mean droplet diameter in the range 15 to 80 ⁇ m, said emulsion in the presence of a polymerisation initiator then being subjected to heating to polymerise the monomers.
  • a water-soluble polymerisation initiator is employed and is added to the monomer mixture in the aqueous phase.
  • an oil-soluble polymerisation initiator can be employed, suitably being admixed with the monomer mixture prior to addition of the aqueous phase.
  • porous polymer produced by the above process will have the desired structure for the production of an elastic porous polymer.
  • the porous polymer will contain residual surfactant and for some applications this should be removed. Accordingly, in a further preferred form of the present invention, the polymer is washed substantially free of surfactant and dried to produce the novel elastic cross-linked porous polymer provided according to the present invention.
  • the oil-soluble surfactant to be used in the preparation of the high internal phase emulsion preferably has an HLB value in the range of about 2 to about 6 and a preferred surfactant is sorbitan monooleate sold under the trade name Span 80.
  • Dry samples of the washed porous polymeric material, in the form of cylinders 5.5cm in diameter and 2 cm thick were compressed to approximately 50% of their initial thickness using an Instron Tensometer (model 4202) at a strain rate of 2.5mm min ⁇ 1.
  • the samples were kept in a compressed state for 30 seconds and the load was then released.
  • the time for recovery from 50% to 90% of the initial sample thickness was determined using a high speed video camera and a graduated scale mounted behind the sample.
  • the polymer may be a cross-linked homopolymer or a copolymer with a Tg below ambient and the preferred monomers for use according to the present invention include styrene, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl and isobutyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate and isodecyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof.
  • Other monomers can also be used providing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the final polymer is below ambient temperature.
  • Suitable cross-linking agents for use in this invention include divinyl benzene, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 3-butylene dimethacrylate.
  • the preferred degree of cross-linking ranges from 2% to about 20% and is preferably about 5%.
  • a factor concerned with stability of the emulsion is the presence in the aqueous phase of a water-soluble salt.
  • Suitable salts include soluble sodium, calcium and aluminium salts. The amount present depends on the monomer and surfactant combination and is related to the valences of the metal component of the salt and it is preferred to use a polyvalent salt.
  • the sample was removed from its container and squeezed to remove the aqueous phase.
  • the porous polymer was then washed in water and isopropanol by repeatedly squeezing and re-expanding the sample. Finally the sample was squeezed to remove the last isopropanol wash liquor and allowed to dry in air.
  • a sample of the dried, cleaned surfactant-free polymer was subjected to the elastic return test as described above.
  • the present procedure was repeated employing 2g of Span 80, 8ml of n-butyl acrylate, 2ml of styrene, 1ml of DVB and 100ml of the aqueous phase containing 2.5gl ⁇ 1 potassium persulphate and 0.1 moles ⁇ 1 calcium chloride.
  • Example 1 the sample with the greater amount of acrylate had the shorter elastic return time.
  • Each of the above samples had an internal phase of approximately 91%.
  • the sample having an infinite time to return from 50% to 90% initial thickness had a glass transition temperature (Tg) above ambient temperature whilst those samples embodying the present invention had a glass transition temperature (Tg) below ambient temperature, which in the present case was a room temperature of 23°C.

Abstract

This invention discloses a novel elastic cross-linked porous polymer having a porosity in the range 75 to 98% internal phase volume and having interconnected pores, said pores having a mean pore diameter in the range 15µm to 80µm, said polymer having an elastic return from 50% compression to 90% of initial thickness of less than 120 seconds, and a process for its production.

Description

  • This invention relates to low density polymeric materials, more particularly to low density porous elastic cross-linked polymeric materials and methods for their preparation. The porous materials comprise pores interconnected by holes in their side walls so forming a permeable structure.
    • Prior Art
  • In United States Patent Specification No 4 522 953 there have been disclosed novel polymeric materials prepared from high internal phase emulsions and these materials have outstanding porosity with respect to hydrophobic liquids such as oils. These known materials are prepared by polymerising water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions comprising various vinyl monomers and using certain selected surfactants.
  • Other specifications referred to in the above-mentioned United States patent have disclosed the preparation of porous polymeric beads and, also, the use of various pre-formed polymers together with monomers to prepare water-filled porous objects.
    • The Present Invention
  • It has now been found that by careful selection of monomers and by control of processing conditions low density porous cross-linked polymeric materials having a useful degree of elasticity can be obtained.
  • Accordingly, the present invention provides an elastic cross-linked porous polymer having a porosity in the range 75 to 98% and having interconnected pores, said pores having a mean pore diameter in the range 15 to 80µm, said polymer having an elastic return from 50% compression to 90% of original thickness of less than 120 seconds.
  • Preferably the elastic porous polymer has an elastic return from 50% compression to 90% of initial thickness of less than 40 seconds.
  • Any elastic material will have a glass transition temperature below ambient temperature i.e. its surrounding temperature. Thus the present porous polymers should have a glass transition temperature (Tg) below ambient temperature, which is usually room temperature, but can be above or below room temperature depending on the conditions of the intended use of the polymer.
  • In a preferred form of this invention, the polymer comprises up to 50% by weight of styrene and at least 50% by weight of an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate. In a further preferred form of the invention, the alkyl acrylate comprises 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate or a mixture thereof.
  • A surprising feature of the present invention is that the desired elastic properties of the porous polymer are only achieved when the mean pore diameter is in the specified range. It has been found that additional or excessive mixing of the emulsion, which reduces both the breadth and mean value of the distribution of pore diameters, produces a material which collapses irreversibly on drying. Preferably the elastic cross-­linked polymer has pores having a mean pore diameter in the range 25µm to 80µm.
  • Accordingly, in a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of an elastic porous polymer in which the monomers, at least one of which is polyfunctional, and an oil-soluble surfactant are mixed together and an aqueous phase is added in sufficient quantity to generate a high internal phase volume emulsion in the range 75 to 98% internal phase volume, the emulsion being given further sufficient stirring to generate droplets having a mean droplet diameter in the range 15 to 80µm, said emulsion in the presence of a polymerisation initiator then being subjected to heating to polymerise the monomers.
  • Suitably a water-soluble polymerisation initiator is employed and is added to the monomer mixture in the aqueous phase. Alternatively, however, or as well as an oil-soluble polymerisation initiator can be employed, suitably being admixed with the monomer mixture prior to addition of the aqueous phase.
  • The porous polymer produced by the above process will have the desired structure for the production of an elastic porous polymer. However, the porous polymer will contain residual surfactant and for some applications this should be removed. Accordingly, in a further preferred form of the present invention, the polymer is washed substantially free of surfactant and dried to produce the novel elastic cross-linked porous polymer provided according to the present invention.
  • The oil-soluble surfactant to be used in the preparation of the high internal phase emulsion preferably has an HLB value in the range of about 2 to about 6 and a preferred surfactant is sorbitan monooleate sold under the trade name Span 80.
  • To determine the distribution of pore sizes and the mean pore diameter of the porous polymer an image analysis technique was used to compile a histogram representing the distribution of void sizes in the sample. The image analysis was carried out on a fracture surface of the dried porous elastic polymer. The mean void diameter
    Figure imgb0001
    was then calculated as the number-average
    Figure imgb0002
    = Σnidi/Σni where ni is the number of voids of diameter di in bin i of the histogram.
  • The term "elastic return" employed in the present specification and claims is defined by the following experiment.
  • Dry samples of the washed porous polymeric material, in the form of cylinders 5.5cm in diameter and 2 cm thick were compressed to approximately 50% of their initial thickness using an Instron Tensometer (model 4202) at a strain rate of 2.5mm min⁻¹. The samples were kept in a compressed state for 30 seconds and the load was then released. The time for recovery from 50% to 90% of the initial sample thickness was determined using a high speed video camera and a graduated scale mounted behind the sample.
  • The polymer may be a cross-linked homopolymer or a copolymer with a Tg below ambient and the preferred monomers for use according to the present invention include styrene, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl and isobutyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate and isodecyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof. Other monomers can also be used providing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the final polymer is below ambient temperature.
  • Suitable cross-linking agents for use in this invention include divinyl benzene, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 3-butylene dimethacrylate.
  • The preferred degree of cross-linking ranges from 2% to about 20% and is preferably about 5%.
  • A factor concerned with stability of the emulsion is the presence in the aqueous phase of a water-soluble salt. Suitable salts include soluble sodium, calcium and aluminium salts. The amount present depends on the monomer and surfactant combination and is related to the valences of the metal component of the salt and it is preferred to use a polyvalent salt.
  • The following examples illustrate the preparation of the porous elastic polymeric materials provided by this invention.
    • Example 1
  • 2 g of SPAN 80 were dissolved in a mixture of 6ml of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, 4ml of styrene and 1ml of commercial divinyl benzene (DVB) containing ≃0.5ml of ethyl vinyl benzene. The aqueous phase (100ml of water containing 2.5gl⁻¹ of potassium persulphate and 0.1 moles 1⁻¹ of calcium chloride) was dispersed in the monomer mixture using a three bladed paddle stirrer in a polypropylene beaker. Once all the aqueous phase was added the high internal phase emulsion was stirred for a further 120 seconds and then poured into a polypropylene bottle and sealed. The emulsion was then left to polymerise at 60°C for approximately 8 hours.
  • The sample was removed from its container and squeezed to remove the aqueous phase. The porous polymer was then washed in water and isopropanol by repeatedly squeezing and re-expanding the sample. Finally the sample was squeezed to remove the last isopropanol wash liquor and allowed to dry in air.
  • A sample of the dried, cleaned surfactant-free polymer was subjected to the elastic return test as described above.
  • Further porous polymer samples were made using the procedure outlined above with different styrene/ethyl hexyl acrylate compositions and the results are set out below in Table I.
    Figure imgb0003
  • Mixing time for example - 2 minutes.
  • From the above table it will be appreciated that the content of ethyl hexyl acrylate in the total composition has a significant effect upon the elastic return time. Each of the above samples had an internal phase volume of 90%.
    • Example 2
  • 2g of SPAN 80 were dissolved in a mixture of 7ml of n-butyl acrylate, 3ml of styrene and 1ml of commercial divinyl benzene (DVB) containing ≃0.5ml of ethyl vinyl benzene. 100ml of an aqueous phase containing 2.5gl⁻¹ of potassium persulphate and 0.1 moles 1⁻¹ of calcium chloride were dispersed in the monomer mixture using a three bladed paddle stirrer in a polypropylene beaker. Once all the aqueous phase was added the high internal phase emulsion was stirred for a further 120 seconds and then poured into a polypropylene mould and sealed. The emulsion was then left to polymerise at 60°C for approximately 8 hours. The sample was then washed and dried as set out in Example 1.
  • The present procedure was repeated employing 2g of Span 80, 8ml of n-butyl acrylate, 2ml of styrene, 1ml of DVB and 100ml of the aqueous phase containing 2.5gl⁻¹ potassium persulphate and 0.1 moles ⁻¹ calcium chloride.
  • Each of the resulting washed and dried polymers was subjected to the elastic return test described above. The results are given in Table II.
    Figure imgb0004
  • As in Example 1 the sample with the greater amount of acrylate had the shorter elastic return time. Each of the above samples had an internal phase of approximately 91%. The sample having an infinite time to return from 50% to 90% initial thickness had a glass transition temperature (Tg) above ambient temperature whilst those samples embodying the present invention had a glass transition temperature (Tg) below ambient temperature, which in the present case was a room temperature of 23°C.

Claims (10)

1. An elastic cross-linked porous polymer having a porosity in the range 75 to 98% internal phase volume and having interconnected pores, said pores having a mean pore diameter in the range 15µm to 80µm, said polymer having an elastic return from 50% compression to 90% of initial thickness of less than 120 seconds.
2. An elastic porous polymer as claimed in claim 1 having an elastic return from 50% compression to 90% of initial thickness of less than 40 seconds.
3. An elastic porous polymer as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the polymer comprises up to 50% by weight of styrene and at least 50% by weight of an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate or mixture thereof.
4. An elastic porous polymer as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the alkyl acrylate comprises 2-ethyl-hexyl-acrylate.
5. An elastic porous polymer as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the said pores have a mean pore diameter in the range 25µm to 80µm.
6. An elastic porous polymer as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the void volume is between 85 and 93%.
7. A process for the preparation of an elastic porous polymer as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the monomers, at least one of which is polyfunctional, and an oil soluble surfactant are mixed together and an aqueous phase is added in a sufficient quantity to generate a high internal phase volume emulsion in the range 75 to 98% internal phase volume, the emulsion being given sufficient stirring to generate droplets having a mean droplet diameter in the range 15µm to 80µm, said emulsion in the presence of a polymerisation initiator then being subjected to heating to polymerise the monomers.
8. A process as claimed in 7 in which a water-soluble polymerisation initiator is added in the aqueous phase.
9. A process as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8 in which the polymer is washed substantially free of surfactant and dried.
10. A process as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9 in which a water-soluble salt is added to the aqueous phase to enhance the stability of the emulsion prior to polymerisation.
EP87302517A 1986-03-26 1987-03-24 Low density porous elastic crosslinked polymeric materials and their preparation Expired - Lifetime EP0239360B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868607535A GB8607535D0 (en) 1986-03-26 1986-03-26 Elastic cross-linked polymeric materials
GB8607535 1986-03-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0239360A2 true EP0239360A2 (en) 1987-09-30
EP0239360A3 EP0239360A3 (en) 1989-05-31
EP0239360B1 EP0239360B1 (en) 1994-10-26

Family

ID=10595282

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87302517A Expired - Lifetime EP0239360B1 (en) 1986-03-26 1987-03-24 Low density porous elastic crosslinked polymeric materials and their preparation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4788225A (en)
EP (1) EP0239360B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2774988B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE113304T1 (en)
AU (1) AU597950B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1283498C (en)
DE (1) DE3750681T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2062979T3 (en)
GB (1) GB8607535D0 (en)
ZA (1) ZA872197B (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993004092A1 (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-03-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent foam materials for aqueous body fluids and absorbent articles containing such materials
WO1994013704A1 (en) * 1992-12-11 1994-06-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Thin-until-wet absorbent foam materials for aqueous body fluids and process for making same
US5559160A (en) * 1993-04-28 1996-09-24 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Liquid absorbable material and method for production thereof
US5583162A (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-12-10 Biopore Corporation Polymeric microbeads and method of preparation
US6048908A (en) * 1997-06-27 2000-04-11 Biopore Corporation Hydrophilic polymeric material
US6630519B2 (en) 2000-10-24 2003-10-07 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Process for producing porous polymer
US6730711B2 (en) * 2000-10-24 2004-05-04 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Method for production of porous cross-linked polymer material
CN103269850A (en) * 2010-09-09 2013-08-28 细胞吸附剂公司 Size selective polymer system
IT201900017309A1 (en) * 2019-09-26 2021-03-26 P4P S R L Polymeric materials with a porous and interconnected internal structure based on acrylic monomers obtained through the emulsion technique with a high quantity of internal phase polymerized by UV and related production processes

Families Citing this family (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5098782A (en) * 1988-10-13 1992-03-24 Applied Extrusion Technologies, Inc. Extruded ethylenic polymer foam containing both open and closed cells
US5277515A (en) * 1988-10-13 1994-01-11 Applied Extrusion Technologies, Inc. Extruded ethylenic polymer foam containing both open and closed cells
GB8905934D0 (en) * 1989-03-15 1989-04-26 Dow Europ Sa A process for preparing adsorptive porous resin beads
US5149720A (en) * 1991-08-12 1992-09-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for preparing emulsions that are polymerizable to absorbent foam materials
TW246682B (en) * 1991-08-12 1995-05-01 Procter & Gamble
US5352711A (en) * 1991-08-12 1994-10-04 The Proctor & Gamble Company Method for hydrophilizing absorbent foam materials
US5198472A (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-03-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for preparing emulsions that are polymerizable to absorbent foam materials
US5147345A (en) * 1991-08-12 1992-09-15 The Procter & Gamble Company High efficiency absorbent articles for incontinence management
US5250576A (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-10-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for preparing emulsions that are polymerizable to absorbent foam materials
US5268224A (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent foam materials for aqueous body fluids and absorbent articles containing such materials
US5200433A (en) * 1992-04-20 1993-04-06 Shell Oil Company Process for preparing low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US5252619A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-10-12 Shell Oil Company Process for preparing low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US5189070A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-02-23 Shell Oil Company Process for preparing low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US5210104A (en) * 1992-10-15 1993-05-11 Shell Oil Company Process for preparing low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US5290820A (en) * 1993-07-29 1994-03-01 Shell Oil Company Process for preparing low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US5306733A (en) * 1993-08-30 1994-04-26 Shell Oil Company Low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US5306734A (en) * 1993-09-08 1994-04-26 Shell Oil Company Use of viscosity as an in-line diagnostic for high internal phase emulsion generation
US5334621A (en) * 1993-11-04 1994-08-02 Shell Oil Company Process to prepare low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US5560878A (en) * 1994-11-30 1996-10-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for making stretchable absorbent articles
US5767168A (en) 1995-03-30 1998-06-16 The Proctor & Gamble Company Biodegradable and/or compostable polymers made from conjugated dienes such as isoprene and 2,3-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene
ZA96133B (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-07-30 Procter & Gamble Recirculating a portion of high internal phase emulsions prepared in a continuous process
EG21087A (en) * 1995-01-10 2000-10-31 Procter & Gamble Foams made from high internal phase emulsions useful as absorbent members from catamenial pads
US5650222A (en) * 1995-01-10 1997-07-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent foam materials for aqueous fluids made from high internal phase emulsions having very high water-to-oil ratios
US5500451A (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of polyglycerol aliphatic ether emulsifiers in making high internal phase emulsions that can be polymerized to provide absorbent foams
US5922780A (en) * 1995-01-10 1999-07-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Crosslinked polymers made from 1,3,7-octatriene and like conjugated polyenes
US5563179A (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-10-08 The Proctor & Gamble Company Absorbent foams made from high internal phase emulsions useful for acquiring and distributing aqueous fluids
US5849805A (en) * 1995-01-10 1998-12-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making foams useful as absorbent members for catamenial pads
US5633291A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-05-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of foam materials derived from high internal phase emulsions for insulation
US5770634A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Foam materials for insulation, derived from high internal phase emulsions
US5550167A (en) * 1995-08-30 1996-08-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent foams made from high internal phase emulsions useful for acquiring aqueous fluids
US5977194A (en) * 1995-11-15 1999-11-02 The Dow Chemical Company High internal phase emusions and porous materials prepared therefrom
US6147131A (en) * 1995-11-15 2000-11-14 The Dow Chemical Company High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) and foams made therefrom
US5817704A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-10-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Heterogeneous foam materials
US6083211A (en) * 1998-03-13 2000-07-04 The Procter & Gamble Company High suction polymeric foam materials
US6013589A (en) * 1998-03-13 2000-01-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent materials for distributing aqueous liquids
US6160028A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-12-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Flame retardant microporous polymeric foams
US6245697B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2001-06-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Flexible mat for absorbing liquids comprising polymeric foam materials
US6395792B1 (en) 1999-10-12 2002-05-28 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Method for production of porous cross-linked poymer
US6395793B1 (en) 1999-11-18 2002-05-28 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Method for production of porous material
US6323250B1 (en) 1999-11-18 2001-11-27 Nippon Shokubai Co. Ltd Method for production of porous material
US6299808B1 (en) 2000-06-05 2001-10-09 The Dow Chemical Company Continuous process for polymerizing, curing and drying high internal phase emulsions
US6545195B2 (en) 2001-04-11 2003-04-08 Paragon Trade Brands, Inc. Low-density, substantially non-wicking layers for absorbent articles
US7820729B2 (en) * 2006-04-13 2010-10-26 University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, c/o School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials Process for preparing a functionalised polyHIPE polymer
WO2011017453A1 (en) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-10 Hearing Components, Inc. Foam compositions with enhanced sound attenuation
CN104193884B (en) * 2014-07-23 2016-09-28 佛山市联塑万嘉新卫材有限公司 High-intensity water absorbent acrylate foamed materials and its preparation method and application

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0068830A1 (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-01-05 Unilever Plc Substrate carrying a porous polymeric material
EP0156541A2 (en) * 1984-03-05 1985-10-02 Unilever Plc Porous polymers

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US27444A (en) * 1860-03-13 Connection
DE1420831B2 (en) 1959-07-28 1972-04-20 Will, Günther, Dr , 6100 Darmstadt METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING POROUS SHAPED BODIES
NZ199916A (en) * 1981-03-11 1985-07-12 Unilever Plc Low density polymeric block material for use as carrier for included liquids
GB2109799B (en) * 1981-11-20 1985-01-23 Tioxide Group Plc Production of vesticulated polymer beads
ZW17683A1 (en) * 1982-08-10 1985-03-06 Dulux Australia Ltd Process of preparing vesiculated polyester granules
NZ205449A (en) * 1982-09-07 1986-10-08 Unilever Plc Sulphonated,porous,cross-linked polymeric material
US4489174A (en) * 1983-07-26 1984-12-18 The Sherwin-Williams Company Vesiculated beads

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0068830A1 (en) * 1981-06-26 1983-01-05 Unilever Plc Substrate carrying a porous polymeric material
EP0156541A2 (en) * 1984-03-05 1985-10-02 Unilever Plc Porous polymers

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993004092A1 (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-03-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent foam materials for aqueous body fluids and absorbent articles containing such materials
TR27268A (en) * 1991-08-12 1994-12-22 Procter & Gamble Absorbent foam materials for aqueous body fluids and absorbent articles containing such materials.
CN1128641C (en) * 1991-08-12 2003-11-26 普罗格特-甘布尔公司 Absorbent foam materials for aqueous bady fluids
KR100257417B1 (en) * 1991-08-12 2000-05-15 데이비드 엠 모이어 Absorbent articles containing absorbent foam meterials for aqueous body fluids
WO1994013704A1 (en) * 1992-12-11 1994-06-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Thin-until-wet absorbent foam materials for aqueous body fluids and process for making same
TR28238A (en) * 1992-12-11 1996-03-20 Procter & Gamble Absorbent foam materials which are thin until wet for body fluids and the process for making these materials.
US5559160A (en) * 1993-04-28 1996-09-24 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Liquid absorbable material and method for production thereof
US5750582A (en) * 1993-04-28 1998-05-12 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Liquid absorbable material and method for production thereof
US5760097A (en) * 1994-06-06 1998-06-02 Biopore Corporation Methods of preparing polymeric microbeds
US5863957A (en) * 1994-06-06 1999-01-26 Biopore Corporation Polymeric microbeads
US5653922A (en) * 1994-06-06 1997-08-05 Biopore Corporation Polymeric microbeads and method of preparation
US6100306A (en) * 1994-06-06 2000-08-08 Biopore Corporation Polymeric microbeads and methods of preparation
US5583162A (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-12-10 Biopore Corporation Polymeric microbeads and method of preparation
US6048908A (en) * 1997-06-27 2000-04-11 Biopore Corporation Hydrophilic polymeric material
US6630519B2 (en) 2000-10-24 2003-10-07 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Process for producing porous polymer
US6730711B2 (en) * 2000-10-24 2004-05-04 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Method for production of porous cross-linked polymer material
CN103269850A (en) * 2010-09-09 2013-08-28 细胞吸附剂公司 Size selective polymer system
CN103269850B (en) * 2010-09-09 2016-12-07 细胞吸附剂公司 size selective polymer system
IT201900017309A1 (en) * 2019-09-26 2021-03-26 P4P S R L Polymeric materials with a porous and interconnected internal structure based on acrylic monomers obtained through the emulsion technique with a high quantity of internal phase polymerized by UV and related production processes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3750681T2 (en) 1995-03-16
CA1283498C (en) 1991-04-23
ES2062979T3 (en) 1995-01-01
JPS62250002A (en) 1987-10-30
ATE113304T1 (en) 1994-11-15
JP2774988B2 (en) 1998-07-09
US4788225A (en) 1988-11-29
AU597950B2 (en) 1990-06-14
GB8607535D0 (en) 1986-04-30
DE3750681D1 (en) 1994-12-01
EP0239360B1 (en) 1994-10-26
AU7052387A (en) 1987-10-01
EP0239360A3 (en) 1989-05-31
ZA872197B (en) 1988-11-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0239360B1 (en) Low density porous elastic crosslinked polymeric materials and their preparation
US4459378A (en) Monodisperse polymer particles and dispersions thereof
Tai et al. High internal phase emulsion foams: copolymers and interpenetrating polymer networks
CA2147161C (en) Process for preparing low density porous crosslinked polymer materials
US5200433A (en) Process for preparing low density porous crosslinked polymeric materials
US3763056A (en) Porous polymeric compositions processes and products
Raj et al. Microcellular polymeric materials from microemulsions: control of microstructure and morphology
ATE203755T1 (en) METHOD FOR PRODUCING PARTICLES AND PARTICLES THAT CAN BE PRODUCED USING THIS PROCESS
Chern et al. Miniemulsion polymerization of styrene using alkyl methacrylates as the reactive cosurfactant
JPS6069103A (en) Preparation of aqueous dispersion of water- insoluble core/sheath polymer particle
JPH07304805A (en) Polymerization for preparing porous polymer particle
RU2167894C2 (en) Compositions inducing flocculation or thickening, and preparation and use thereof
RU98118693A (en) COMPOSITIONS CAUSING FLOCCULATION OR CONDENSATION, AND THEIR RECEIVING AND USE
Ahmed Effects of agitation, and the nature of protective colloid on particle size during suspension polymerization
US3367889A (en) Process for the preparation of macroreticular-structured copolymers
EP0062981A2 (en) Method of treating water-in-oil dispersions
US6949601B1 (en) Single stage seed polymerization for the production of large polymer particles with a narrow size distribution
JP2003509549A5 (en) One-step seed polymerization to produce large polymer particles with narrow particle size distribution
ZA200200235B (en) Aqueous polymer dispersion.
Bataille et al. Emulsion polymerization of styrene. I. Review of experimental data and digital simulation
USH1374H (en) Particles of hydrophobic polymers containing voids
GB1594871A (en) Bitumen emulsions
GB2032444A (en) Polymer Suspensions
Santhanalakshmi et al. Utilization of microemulsions in the production of polymer microlatexes
KR100336175B1 (en) water dipersible gelling agent for oil spilled on sea

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19880905

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900921

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: UNILEVER N.V.

Owner name: UNILEVER PLC

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 113304

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19941115

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3750681

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19941201

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI CASETTA & PERANI S.P.A.

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2062979

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3014005

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

PLAB Opposition data, opponent's data or that of the opponent's representative modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009299OPPO

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: THE PROCTOR & GAMBLE COMPANY

Effective date: 19950726

R26 Opposition filed (corrected)

Opponent name: THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY

Effective date: 19950726

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: THE PROCTOR & GAMBLE COMPANY

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY

PLBF Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBSO

PLBL Opposition procedure terminated

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OPPC

PLBM Termination of opposition procedure: date of legal effect published

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009276

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: OPPOSITION PROCEDURE CLOSED

27C Opposition proceedings terminated

Effective date: 19961125

NLR2 Nl: decision of opposition
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20060228

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20060303

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20060317

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20060327

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20060329

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20060329

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20060330

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 20060331

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20060331

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20060427

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20060502

Year of fee payment: 20

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20070323

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20070324

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20070326

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
NLV7 Nl: ceased due to reaching the maximum lifetime of a patent

Effective date: 20070324

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20070326

BE20 Be: patent expired

Owner name: *UNILEVER N.V.

Effective date: 20070324