EP0243586A2 - Electromechanical locking device with an individual key - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromechanical locking device which has a lock, containing a variable coding device, and to a key which is mechanically designed in such a way that it fits in any locking channel of locks belonging to the system and to a code memory and which contains the energy supply for the entire system. All the electronic and electromechanical gear of the system is situated in the locking cylinder. By exchanging conventional standardised cylinder locks for that according to the invention, various locks can be used with the same key without loss of security and the locks can be integrated without alteration both in master key systems and in central locking systems or can be used to set up the latter. The same locks can be locked using differently coded keys, whereby keys which lock the same locks can only lock other locks on their own. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a cylinder lock and / or locking system with at least one lock containing a changeable coding and decoding device and at least one key which can be made suitable or unsuitable as a master or secondary key. _I.

From the document DE-PS 30 31 405 a locking system is known, in which programmable locks connected to a central unit and programmable keys are available, in which a master key can make secondary keys suitable or not suitable. This system requires external electronics and the connection of locks by means of a central unit, as well as an external power supply and an additional magnetic field to carry out the actual locking process. Furthermore, for each key that is supposed to be authorized to lock a particular lock, not only is a key-specific code stored in the lock, but also a code relating only to this lock is stored in the key, so that for each lock for which the key receives a locking authorization , memory locations are occupied in the key.

All previously known locks consist of 3 components and an external energy supply. These 3 components are the electronic control and monitoring unit, the electromechanical unit and the locking unit. The electronic control and monitoring unit is used for storing, coding and decoding Key codes, as well as the recognition of locking authorization. The electromechanical unit either actuates a lock or a bolt, that is to say the locking unit, or clears the way for actuating the locking unit. The previously known constructive solutions of electronic locks are so space and energy consuming that, for example, in addition to the lock and lock cylinder, an electronic component, an electromechanical component and an external power supply have to be accommodated. Such a construction takes up a lot of space and is costly These solutions have the traditional relationship between a key and a lock, so it is not possible to lock a large number of locks with as few keys as possible without losing security.

The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention, as characterized in the claims, solves the task of a space-saving electronic lock to replace conventional lock cylinders without structural changes and elimination of the relationship between key and lock required by mechanical coding without security loss in that an initially neutral lock the codes receives all those keys that are authorized to lock and, because it is a mechanical unit key, can also lock. The essence of the solution is that the electronic control and monitoring unit can be completely housed in the lock cylinder, for example a standard lock according to DIN 18 252. For this purpose, a part of the electronics that is not required for the pure locking authorization check, such as memory programming, querying the entire memory allocation, checking whether a key is authorized to give further keys locking authorization len, outsourced to a separate mobile service device. So that no structural changes are necessary for the energy supply, it is housed in the key for supplying the entire electronics of the system and for operating the electromechanics, whose energy consumption can be kept in 1 m As by not blocking the cylinder with locking pins, but rotating it freely and in the case of a locking authorization, a part with a weight of less than 1 gram magnetically couples in to transmit power from the key to the lock bit.

The lock part contains a memory in the lock cylinder, in which key codes can be saved and deleted using looo. Each key receives an individual code, a processor and a power supply, with each key mechanically fitting into each lock.

Each lock can now be entered by means of a service device, which key is to be given a locking authorization and, if necessary, which key is to be withdrawn from a locking authorization once it has been stored.

It is essential that each key has an individual code and duplicates, as were previously the case with locks that should be locked by different people, would endanger security. Instead of issuing duplicates for a lock that should be able to be locked by different people, all codes of the keys with locking authorization are stored in the lock. Then different people who only have one key can do so close identical (identical) locks as well as locks that others cannot close.

The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that such a lock is suitable for all those uses of conventional lock cylinders as well as for use in central locking systems and master key systems. The system is therefore upwards compatible from the simple individual lock to the most complicated central locking and master key system, whereby this system includes for the first time the possibility that a key holder can ideally lock all the locks for which he is authorized without a loss of security with just one key, for which a large number of keys (front door, garage, car, company, hotel, processor, filing cabinet, etc.) are required for conventional systems. Each lock can be used without change as a room, house and also front door lock in a central locking system. The function results from the stored code or codes. Installation is possible without structural changes, since only and only the old lock cylinder and lock cylinder housing need to be replaced. If it is lost, it is no longer necessary to replace the system for security reasons; simply delete the corresponding code using the service device. This code is deleted by entering the memory location number; this number was read on the service device when the code was saved. The code itself is not transmitted directly and thus ascertainable, neither when saving nor when deleting or when closing.

The simple design enables manufacturing costs that do not exceed those of conventional locking cylinders, so that use is not limited to areas with increased security requirements.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings that show only one embodiment.

• Figur 1: Zylinderkern mit Schließbart und Schlüssel
• Figur 2: Schnitt des Zylinderkerns an II nach Fig. 1
• Figur 3: Schnitt des Zylinderkerns an III nach Fig, 1
• Figur 4: Arretierungsmechanismus bei Stecken eines Schlüssels
• Figur 5: Blockschaltbild der Steuereinheit Schlüssel
• Figur 6: Blockschaltbild der Steuereinheit Zylinderkern
• Figur 7: schematische Darstellung Servicegerät

Show it

• Figure 1: cylinder core with lock bit and key
• Figure 2: Section of the cylinder core on II of FIG. 1st
• FIG. 3: section of the cylinder core on III according to FIG. 1
• Figure 4: locking mechanism when inserting a key
• Figure 5: Block diagram of the key control unit
• Figure 6: Block diagram of the control unit cylinder core
• Figure 7: schematic representation of the service device

The key Fig. 1.2 consists of a standardized shaft part and a freely and individually designable handle part. The shaft part is designed in such a way that each key mechanically fits into each key channel of each cylinder core.

The key shaft transmits energy and data in the cylinder core at defined points and, due to its nature, is able to transmit the required mechanical locking forces to the lock bit. Energy is preferably transmitted via galvanic connections (contacts). The data can either be transmitted via galvanic connections (contacts) or contactlessly via optical elements (e.g. via LED or LASER diodes).

The handle part Fig. 1.2 and Fig. 5 contains the primary and secondary power supply (eg active and replacement battery terie), the clock generator, the processor, the program memory, the number memory, the programming control, the transmitter and receiver, and the error display.

The number memory contains a single, unique code once assigned.

The cylinder core is preferably freely rotatable in the cylinder housing. In this case, it contains a standard opening on one side, into which the shaft of the key fits. This side is protected by a hard metal disc Fig. 1.5. Behind it is an electrically insulating part Fig. 1.6, which contains the necessary contacts and decoding and activation unit. This part is secured by the guide Fig. 2 against rotation to the cylinder core.

Behind part 6 of Fig. 1 is the freely movable coupling part Fig. 1.4, which is also secured by the guide Fig. 2 against rotation to the cylinder core, but can be moved axially. This coupling part is provided with a groove on which the coil Fig. 1.7 is applied. By means of the webs Fig. 3.8, when the coil Fig. 1.7 is activated, the coupling part can snap into the grooves Fig. 1.9 (on part 3) of the lock bit Fig. 1.3 and thus enable the power transmission of the key Fig. 1.2 to the lock bit Fig. 1.3. This arrangement prevents an unauthorized coupling of the lock cylinder to the lock bit being made possible by applying an external strong magnetic field. The spring Fig. 1.1o ensures safe decoupling of the clasp from the lock bit when the coil is not activated. Due to the symmetrical structure of the locking system, use from opposite sides is possible.

The dimensions selected in the description above are based on the standards of the most frequently used locking cylinder according to DIN 18 252. The explained mechanics, electronics and electromechanics can also be accommodated in smaller and larger cylinder cores. The reduction in the external dimensions of the locking cylinder is only limited by the dimension of the key shaft.

In the inserted state, the power supply to the control unit is established via contacts 2 and 3 in FIG. 5. This ensures that there is no energy consumption when the key is not used.

The control unit itself consists of a central processor unit (CPU), a clock generator, a power-up reset and the data transmission and reception unit.

The power-up reset ensures a defined initial state of the complete unit after the energy has been switched on.

The clock generator generates the clocks required for the CPU and the transmitting and receiving unit. Furthermore, a synchronization clock is generated for the evaluation unit in the cylinder core and transferred via the transmission element Fig. 5.4.

The program in the CPU contains all communication processes to the control and evaluation unit in the cylinder core, the variable coding algorithm, the individual code number and a special programming process.

The CPU manages all program parts and evaluates the responses coming from the control and evaluation unit of the cylinder core.

The transmitter and receiver unit converts the computer signals accordingly to the transmission parameters in send signals, or receive signals in computer signals.

A special feature is the internal programming control for the subsequent programming of the key number. External access to address and data lines is not necessary, as is the case with conventional programming of this memory, but is made possible internally by special programming hardware and the associated programming sequence. A protocol is sent to the CPU via the transmission element 5 and the associated receiver, on the basis of which the programming sequence is called and which in turn puts the programming hardware into operation.

The key code is transferred to the CPU by a handshake process, which then requests the external programming pulse on transmission element 7, as a result of which the key code is permanently programmed into the memory. The transmission element Fig. 5.7 is part of the control unit and can only be accessed by the authorized programming unit before installation in the key. After successful and verified programming, the transmission element 7 is electrically disconnected from the control unit and is therefore inoperative forever.

The electrically insulating part Fig. 1.6 contains all transmission elements, the control and evaluation unit, as well as the bridge of the transmission elements Fig. 1.2 and Fig. 1.3 for energizing the key. The control and evaluation unit is normally supplied with energy from the key. The control and evaluation unit consists of a central processor unit (CPU), clock synchronization, a power-up reset, the data transmission and reception unit, several memory groups, the memory programming device, a lock activation, a lock coupling measurement system, an alarm unit and the device_an additional energy supply.

The power-up reset ensures a defined initial state of the complete unit after the energy has been switched on.

The clock synchronizer receives the synchronization clock from the key via the transmission element Fig. 5.4 and derives therefrom all necessary clock signals for the CPU and the transmitting and receiving unit in a synchronized manner.

The program in the CPU includes all communication flows to and from the key, the variable coding _- algorithm, the particular programming sequence for storing fixed value numbers, the management of the number memory, the measurement and activation of the coupling part, and an alarm evaluation and reporting and a ring memory.

The transmitting and receiving unit converts the computer signals according to the transmission parameters into transmission signals, or reception signals into computer signals.

The memory programming device works analogously to that in the key. The only difference is that there is much more memory space for codes and the programming routine manages a correspondingly larger memory.

The lock activation switches when authorization is recognized the key to the energy on the electromechanical part and thus couples the freely rotatable cylinder core with the lock bit, which enables the power transmission from the key to the lock. After engagement, the energy supply is switched off and the lock can be actuated until the key is removed from the cylinder core by locking by means of the bending spring FIG. 4. During this time, locking with a key inserted symmetrically is precluded, since locking pin Fig. 4.11 blocks the coupling in the second cylinder core. The bending spring is thus against a groove in part Fig. 4.4 by the pin Fig. 4.5. pressed that after coupling of part Fig. 4.4 it slides over the edge of the groove and remains on the back of part Fig. 4.4, so that it can no longer move back to its starting position and thus via the locking pin, the coupling of the opposite one Fig. 4.4 is prevented. When the key is inserted, it cannot be locked from the opposite side.

Only after removing the socket wrench, the bending spring is returned to its starting position by a counter spring. This results in a disengagement of part Fig. 4.4 and the initial state is restored. The locking pin is movable again and can no longer prevent engagement.

The service device contains at least 2 sockets Fig. 7.1. and 7.2 for socket wrenches, a socket wrench adapter Fig. 7.3, a display field Fig. 7.4 and an input field Fig. 7.5, as well as the required transmission, reception and processing electronics and their energy supply.

The service device is used to store key codes in the lock's memory. To do this, the key adapter is pushed into the key channel of the locking cylinder. The device then checks whether any code of a key is already stored in the lock's memory. If no key code has yet been stored, the code of the key which is inserted in the socket wrench insertion 1 is stored. This key (or the keys, if a key is also in socket wrench insertion 2 e) is then authorized in the future to grant or withdraw other keys. That is, any further programming of key codes in the lock's memories takes place in such a way that the key, the code of which is to be stored in the lock memory, is inserted into the socket insertion 2 at the service device; the servo device then checks whether the key is inserted in socket wrench insertion 1, the code of which is stored in the lock at the 1st position and, if applicable, the new key code is stored; where a number appears in the display field Fig. 7.4, indicating the number at which the new key is stored. To delete a locking authorization of a key, it is then sufficient to insert the key with programming authorization for this lock into the socket entry No. 1 and then to type in the location number of the key whose locking authorization is to be deleted. At no point does the code itself come to light.

These memory location numbers also make it possible to assign the numbers in the ring buffer to the respective key holder without ever having to disclose the actual individual key code.

Claims (7)

1) Cylinder lock and / or locking system with at least one lock containing a changeable coding and decoding device and at least one recodeable master and sub-key, of which the master key influences the coding and decoding device at least temporarily in such a way that a previously matching sub-key does not lead to one A more suitable key and a previously unsuitable key is recoded to a now suitable key (secondary key), characterized in that the sensors, contacts, electronics, key code memory and electromechanics required for the locking operation are accommodated in the locking cylinder itself, and a code memory is located in the key with transmission electronics as well as the entire energy supply for keys and electronics and electromechanics is located in the lock cylinder, whereby the electronics for lock memory programming with its own energy supply are output in an independent programming device is stored. 2) Electromechanical lock system according to claim 1, in which within the system of key and freely rotating lock cylinder, an electromagnetic clutch to the lock bit and its power supply are housed. 3) Electromechanical lock system according to claim 1, in which tumbler pins are released electromagnetically and the electromechanics ne besides energy supply are housed in the key and / or lock cylinder. 4) Electromechanical lock system according to claim 1, in which the keys receive a lock-independent code and the locks are initially code-free during manufacture, ie cannot be locked by a key, but any brand-new key can lock the lock memory after the code has been entered. 5). Electromechanical lock system according to claim 1, with a single chip "processor that can send and receive serial data, is also capable of permanently storing data and can also be programmed with fixed data after installation. 6) Electromechanical lock system according to claim 1, whose external programming device is used to store key codes in the lock memory with memory location display, which can delete memory locations in the lock memory and can differentiate whether a key is stored in the lock memory only with locking authorization or with authorization, others To give keys for the relevant lock a locking authorization and that when programming a new code (not the 1st code) in the lock memory it may be necessary to have a key authorized to issue a locking authorization. 7) Electromechanical lock system according to claim 1 with ring memory, in which is stored, which key is locked last (by specifying the place where this key code is in the lock memory, especially not by ch code details), and all those Keys that have previously been locked are pushed a little further in the memory, whereby the code of the earliest lock user just saved is dropped due to the memory space being exceeded.

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