EP0291403B1 - Transformer with a strong coupling for chopped supply circuit and supply circuit comprising such a transformer - Google Patents

Transformer with a strong coupling for chopped supply circuit and supply circuit comprising such a transformer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0291403B1
EP0291403B1 EP19880401135 EP88401135A EP0291403B1 EP 0291403 B1 EP0291403 B1 EP 0291403B1 EP 19880401135 EP19880401135 EP 19880401135 EP 88401135 A EP88401135 A EP 88401135A EP 0291403 B1 EP0291403 B1 EP 0291403B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turn
turns
primary
winding
transformer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880401135
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0291403A1 (en
Inventor
André Pascal
Jean Gadreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bull SA
Original Assignee
Bull SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bull SA filed Critical Bull SA
Publication of EP0291403A1 publication Critical patent/EP0291403A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0291403B1 publication Critical patent/EP0291403B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2809—Printed windings on stacked layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2819—Planar transformers with printed windings, e.g. surrounded by two cores and to be mounted on printed circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transformer with strong coupling adapted to a switching power supply circuit. It also relates to a supply circuit implementing such a transformer.
  • the invention belongs to the field of manufacturing and optimizing transformers of multilayer technology.
  • a transformer In multilayer technology, a transformer has a primary circuit and a secondary circuit magnetically coupled to each other via a magnetic circuit; these two circuits are constituted by a stack of turns produced by printed layers on each of which is drawn a conductive track.
  • Such technology is taught by US-A-3,833,872.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to produce a multi-layer transformer with very strong particular coupling suitable for a switching power supply circuit whose windings are traversed by currents with extremely rapid variation.
  • This transformer must be optimized from the electrical point of view in order to minimize the secondary primary parasitic current and the parasitic couplings.
  • the transformer with strong coupling of the type comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit produced in several layers of printed circuits and magnetically coupled via a magnetic circuit, the primary circuits being sandwiched in the circuit secondary characterized in that the transformer consists of two halves, each half comprising a semi-primary sandwiched between two parts of semi-secondary, each printed circuit comprises at least one almost closed conductive track constituting an active turn of one primary or secondary circuits, each semi-primary is surrounded by at least one turn of the associated semi-secondary, in that the ends of the circuit of the first, respectively to the last layer of each semi-primary, each forming an electrostatic screen on a side opposite that of the two ends of the circuit of the adjacent layer of the by tie of the associated semi-secondary, and in that each semi-secondary comprises at least one response turn which is arranged in the stack of turns of the other half-secondary, this response turn being connected in parallel with the others half-secondary turns in the stack of which it is not located.
  • the electrostatic screen formed by the first respectively the last layer of each semi-primary consists of an inner turn and an outer turn in opposite directions, the inner turn having a free end, l 'end of the inner coil is located opposite said free end being connected with the input of the outer coil which is brought to a fixed potential.
  • the two screen turns are connected to each other in parallel, and the active turns are in even number (2P) forming P series of pairs of turns in the same winding direction, each pair of turns comprising a first turn of odd order K, a second even order 2P-K + 1, connected in series (K, 2P-K + 1), the P series of pair of turns being connected so that the input of the series K + 1 is connected to the release of the K series.
  • 2P even number
  • the secondary turn adjacent to the screen turn of the primary consists of a wide, almost closed conductive track, the two access terminals of which are arranged on the opposite side of the secondary turn relative to the side of the terminals access to screen turns.
  • the secondary turn adjacent to the screen turn is obtained by cutting a track initially closed, the cut comprising at least two non-aligned rectilinear parts.
  • the inner turn has a free end that is not connected and a second end connected near the terminal of the outer turn arranged at a fixed potential.
  • the second end of the inner turn is connected in full width to the outer turn to the terminal with fixed potential.
  • the two ends of the inner coil are arranged face to face on the side opposite to the pair of terminals of the external coil, the potential of the fixed terminal being brought back to the terminal of the internal turn by a thin track traced between the two internal and external turns so that the directions of travel of the electric current in the two turns are opposite.
  • the internal turn is split into two parts equal to the height of the terminals of the external turn, the part carrying the free end of the internal turn having a second end created by the splitting of the internal turn electrically. connected to the corresponding end of the second part by a narrow track which makes a complete turn arranged half inside said second part and half between said first part and the inside of the external turn.
  • each stack comprising a semi-primary surrounded by two halves of a semi-secondary with screen turns, each printed circuit comprising terminals assigned to the connections of the ends of secondary turns on a first side of the printed circuits, and of the terminals assigned to the connections of the primary turns of a second side of the printed circuits, each of the terminals being provided with a bore so as to allow two turns to be connected on two printed circuits perpendicular to the plan of the turns when the end to be connected is connected to the terminal.
  • Another object of the invention is to allow the mounting of the transformer in switching power supplies whose dimension must be as small as possible. To this end, the transformer should be made as flat as possible.
  • This goal is due to the fact that the two copper layers of the printed circuit opposite, are drawn so that two edges of the two surfaces of etched copper are never in coincidence so as to improve the coupling between primary and secondary by reducing the thickness of the insulation while avoiding the risk of shearing thereof during pressing of the printed circuit.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a transformer delivering larger currents by attaching to the multi-layer printed circuit coils of cut metal, these coils of cut metal having a greater thickness than those of the printed layers.
  • thermal gradient must be low between the core and the exterior of the transformer and it is desirable to increase the heat exchange surface in a given ratio.
  • the transformer comprises a magnetic circuit produced in two symmetrical halves relative to the median plane of the transformer and comprising a central core around which the different layers of the transformer windings are stacked, and in that the windings are distributed in two halves on either side of the median plane so as to provide a free space between them whose height is determined according to the cooling chosen and fixed by studs each having a first function of electrical connection between at least two layers of windings and a second spacer function for fixing the spacing between the two halves of the windings, this spacer being produced by a shoulder of the stud.
  • a switching power supply circuit includes a transformer as described above.
  • the end of a screen turn and the end of the adjacent secondary turn are brought to fixed potentials and decoupled by a capacitor with a value determined by the switching frequency.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a connection diagram of secondary turns.
  • the secondary is produced in two identical halves, each comprising an odd number of turns.
  • each turn of a half-secondary is connected to the terminals of a corresponding turn of the other half-secondary.
  • the turns (1), (2) and (3) of the semi-secondary (7) have terminals A, B, C, D, E, F.
  • the second semi-secondary (8) has turns (4 ), (5) and (6) whose access terminals are respectively G, H, I, J, K, L.
  • the terminals are connected in such a way that the turn (1) responds to the turns (4) and (5), and the turns (2) and (3) to turn (6).
  • a half-transformer is constituted by a stack of turns distributed between a semi-primary (14) and a semi-secondary divided into 2 parts (13) and (15) enveloping the semi-primary.
  • the semi-secondary can be carried out as shown in Figure 1.
  • a part (13) of the semi-secondary is separated from the semi-primary (14) by a special whorl forming a screen (11).
  • the second part (15) of the semi-secondary is separated from the semi-primary (14) by a second special turn (12) forming an electrostatic screen.
  • On the right-hand side of FIG. 2, the direction of the variation of the potentials of turns inside the semi-primary and of the semi-secondary divided into 2 parts is shown.
  • the tip of the arrow represents the increasing direction of a variable potential, the other end represents a fixed potential.
  • the turns are connected so that on both sides of a special turn forming a screen (11) or (12), the turns are at potential as fixed as possible, that towards the inside of the half-transformer, the turns of the semi-primary (14) are at the most variable potentials.
  • FIG 3 there is shown a semi-primary consisting of a stack of six turns. Outdoor coils (16) and (21) are intended to produce an electrostatic screen. These two turns are therefore connected to each other in parallel.
  • the active turns (17), (18), (19), (20) are connected so that the potentials are as fixed as possible on the external faces of the stack.
  • the output of the coil (17) is connected to the input of the coil (20), the output of which is connected to the input of the coil (18).
  • the output of the coil (18) is connected to the input of the coil (19) whose output (23) with variable potential constitutes a terminal of a semi-primary.
  • connection is carried out in series of pairs of turns connected in series.
  • the first pair is constituted by the putting in series of the turn 1 and the turn 2P, and so on, the pair of row K being constituted by the putting in series of the turn K and the turn 2P-K +1 , the last pair being formed by putting the P turn in series with the P + 1 turn.
  • Each pair of turns has an input on turn K and an output on turn 2P-K + 1.
  • the serialization of two pairs are carried out as in the example in FIG. 3 from the output of the pair K to the input of the pair K + 1.
  • Figure 4 there are shown three embodiments shown in Figures 4a, 4b and 4c of a special turn, the closest to a secondary turn shown in Figure 4a in a semi-primary. These turns forming an electrostatic screen have been shown diagrammatically in (16) and (21) of FIG. 3 or (11) and (12) of FIG. 2. These three models make it possible, with different efficiencies and complexities, to minimize the primary-secondary parasitic current due to switching, when the transformer is mounted in a switching power supply. For maximum efficiency, the adjacent secondary turn of Figure 4d must have its two ends (24) and (25) diametrically opposite the two ends (26) and (27) of the special turn that it is made according to one or the other of the modes shown in Figures 4a, 4b, 4c.
  • the active secondary turn adjacent to the screen turn and shown in Figure 4d, is composed of a wide conductive track almost closed which spares a central window.
  • the central window makes it possible to stack the printed circuit of turn on a column of magnetic circuit.
  • the turn is cut so as to release an input terminal 24 and an output terminal 25.
  • the cut has preferably been made so as to have two elbows so that the electrical resistance in the radial direction is increased on the cut .
  • the cut is obtained by at least two straight lines that are not aligned.
  • the end (26) of a special turn and the end (24) of the adjacent secondary turn must be brought to fixed potentials and decoupled by a capacitor of suitable value for the switching frequency when the transformer is mounted in a switching power supply.
  • such a turn is constituted by two parts oriented in opposite directions from each other.
  • the input (26) of the outer turn (28) is arranged at a fixed potential whose value is as close as possible to that of the next turn.
  • a second turn (29) is made in the opposite direction, one end of which is connected to the inlet (26) of the outer turn (28), the other end (30) is left free.
  • the two turns are arranged as close to each other as possible.
  • the outer turn (28) having ends (26) and (27) is in fact the first turn of the primary winding. It is therefore an active turn of the transformer.
  • This first embodiment is well suited to the production of small transformers, it gives an average efficiency.
  • the inner coil (31) has its ends (32) and (33) diametrically opposite the ends (26) and (27) of the active coil (34).
  • the end (32) of the inner coil (31) is connected to the end (26) of the active turn by a link (35).
  • the end (33) is left free.
  • the two turns must be as close as possible.
  • the link (35) should be as close as possible. This mode has a higher efficiency than the first embodiment and is suitable for medium power transformers.
  • the inner coil (36) is split into two equal parts (36a) and (36b).
  • the ends (37), (38) are opposite one another and diametrically opposite the ends (39), (40) themselves opposite.
  • the end (39) of an inner half-turn (36a) is connected to the end (26) of the active turn (43) by a link (41), the other end (37) of this same half -spire is connected to the end (38) of the second half-turn (36b) by a link (42).
  • the end (40) of the second half-turn (36b) is left free.
  • the active turn and the two inner half-turns must be as close as possible, the connections (41) and (42) must be as close as possible.
  • the link (41) is not a direct link which would erase the effect of the split cleavage of the internal coil (36). It consists of a narrow track which makes a full turn arranged half inside said second part (36a) and half between said first part (36b) and the inside of the external turn (43). This mode has the highest efficiency, it is suitable for high power transformers.
  • a stack of 2 printed circuits is provided, each consisting of 14 etched layers on which the connection pads are carried, a central window and a path almost closed intended to make a turn on each engraved layer.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a succession of 14 layers of a printed circuit intended to produce a half-winding of a transformer according to the invention.
  • the 14 plates are of identical dimensions and each have at the bottom 6 metallized bores assembled two by two to make the connections ADFGIL, CEK, BHJ of FIG. 1 intended for the turns of the two semi-secondary.
  • 8 contacts In the upper part of each printed circuit are arranged 8 contacts each consisting of a metallized hole numbered from 1 to 8 on the plates which use them.
  • the connections of the semi-secondary are made at the bottom of the printed circuit and the connections of the primary are made in the high connections of this printed circuit.
  • the connections of printed plates to printed plates are therefore made via metallized holes.
  • the plates are numbered successively from S1 to S14 by their stacking order in a transformer produced according to the invention.
  • the first plate S1 and the last plate S14 are intended to provide mechanical and electrical protection of the stack.
  • the semi-secondary is made up of the series S2 winding in series with a parallel association of the S3, S4, S11, S12 and S13 turns.
  • the semi-primary consists of the stack of six plates S5 to S10.
  • the end plates S5 and S10 are opposite the two parts of the semi-secondary. They form an electrostatic shield consisting of a half-width turn shown hatched on the plates S5 and S10.
  • the half-primary plates are connected to the terminal block formed by the metallized holes greater than the number of eight on each plate. These metallized holes are numbered from left to right from 1 to 8 and only the terminals used for each plate are numbered in the drawing.
  • the semi-primary consists of the serialization of the turns S5, S6, S9, S7 and S8 on the one hand, and the paralleling of the turn S10 with the turn S5 on the other hand.
  • the access terminals of the semi-primary are constituted by the terminal 7 brought to the fixed potential and the terminal 1 brought to the variable potential.
  • Terminals 2 and 8 shown on plate S5 are not connected. When two printed circuits are associated, it allows simplified connections to be made.
  • FIG 6 there are shown two of the fourteen layers of the printed circuit marked (100) and (101).
  • the etched copper surfaces (102) and (103) are opposite and insulated from each other by a prepreg insulator (104).
  • the design of the copper has been optimized so that two edges, for example (105) and (106), never coincide. This arrangement makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the prepeg while avoiding the risks of shearing thereof during pressing of the printed circuit. The thickness of the transformer is thus minimized and the coupling between primary and secondary is improved.
  • FIG. 7 there is shown an electrical diagram of a transformer according to the invention.
  • the semi-primary (44) or (45) is associated with the semi-secondary (46) or (47) in the same printed circuit described in FIG. 5.
  • the example shows that by combining two printed circuits, a transformer can be produced for a Push-Pull assembly.
  • the common points (49) and (50) or (53) and (54) common are joined to the primary or secondary fixed potential.
  • Points (48) and (51) or (52) and (55) are joined to the primary or secondary variable potential.
  • the phase match is represented by four dots. The possibility of easy series or parallel connection of the turns offers a large number of possible combinations as well as modular power.
  • FIG. 8 a complete transformer is shown fulfilling the functions described in the diagram of FIG. 7
  • Two identical layers (56) and (57) each comprising a semi-primary and a semi-secondary are associated by two rows of studs (58) and (59).
  • One layer is mounted with its upper side up, the other layer having directed it down. In this way, the two semi-secondary are opposite.
  • a free space (60) between the two layers of printed circuits (56) and (57) allows better cooling by circulation of a cooling fluid. The size of this space can vary depending on the speed and the nature of the heat transfer fluid available to optimize cooling.
  • the transformer is completed by a magnetic circuit (61), a core (62) of which dips into the central windows of two layers.
  • the magnetic circuit consists of a core (62) mounted in the middle of a closed part (63). The assembly is cut by the median plane (64) so as to allow mounting.
  • FIG. 10 two layers of printed circuits (66) and (69) have been shown as described above, each comprising a semi-primary and a semi-secondary with strong coupling.
  • coils of cut metal (70, 71, 72, 73) having a thickness greater than a layer of printed circuits are added.
  • the strong coupling is preserved thanks to the secondary turns contained in the printed circuits (68) and (69).
  • Insulating parts (74) and (75) make it possible to isolate the cut coils closest to the magnetic circuit (76) and (77) relative to the latter.
  • the isolation between the printed circuits (68) and (69) and the cut turns (70-73) is ensured by the closing layer of the printed circuits.
  • the positioning of the cut turns (70-73) is ensured by the studs (78) as described in FIG. 9.
  • the size of the interior (or windows) (79) and exterior (80) cuts of the layers (68-74) is calculated in such a way as to insulate the passage of the magnetic circuit.
  • the stacked layers (68) and (69) are all identical and can be mounted in two possible directions depending on the configuration imposed by the electrical diagram.

Description

La présente invention concerne un transformateur à fort couplage adapté à un circuit d'alimentation à découpage. Elle concerne aussi un circuit d'alimentation mettant en oeuvre un tel transformateur.The present invention relates to a transformer with strong coupling adapted to a switching power supply circuit. It also relates to a supply circuit implementing such a transformer.

L'invention appartient au domaine de la fabrication et de l'optimisation des transformateurs de technologie multicouche.The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing and optimizing transformers of multilayer technology.

Dans la technologie multicouche, un transformateur comporte un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire couplés magnétiquement l'un à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit magnétique ; ces deux circuits sont constitués par un empilement de spires réalisé par des couches imprimés sur chacune desquelles est dessinée une piste conductrice. Une telle technologie est enseignée par le Brevet US-A-3 833 872.In multilayer technology, a transformer has a primary circuit and a secondary circuit magnetically coupled to each other via a magnetic circuit; these two circuits are constituted by a stack of turns produced by printed layers on each of which is drawn a conductive track. Such technology is taught by US-A-3,833,872.

De même le résumé du brevet Japonais JP-A 60 245 208 publié dans Patent Abstract of Japan, Volume 10, No 108, 23 avril 1986, enseigne un transformateur comportant un primaire et une pluralité de secondaire dans lequel le primaire est pris en sandwich entre les différents secondaires. Toutefois un tel dispositif ne permet pas de diminuer les couplages parasites tout en ayant un transformateur multi-couches à trés fort couplage.Similarly, the abstract of Japanese Patent JP-A 60245208 published in Patent Abstract of Japan, Volume 10, No. 108, 23 April 1986 discloses a transformer having a primary and a plurality of secondary wherein the primary is sandwiched between the different secondary ones. However, such a device does not reduce parasitic couplings while having a multi-layer transformer with very strong coupling.

L'invention a donc pour but de réaliser un transformateur multi-couches à trés fort couplage particulier adapté pour un circuit d'alimentation à découpage dont les enroulements sont parcourus par des courants à variation extrêmement rapide. Ce transformateur doit être optimisé au point de vue électrique en vue de minimiser le courant parasite primaire secondaire et les couplages parasites.The object of the invention is therefore to produce a multi-layer transformer with very strong particular coupling suitable for a switching power supply circuit whose windings are traversed by currents with extremely rapid variation. This transformer must be optimized from the electrical point of view in order to minimize the secondary primary parasitic current and the parasitic couplings.

Ce but est atteint, le transformateur à fort couplage du type comportant un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire réalisés en plusieurs couches de circuits imprimés et couplés magnétiquement par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit magnétique, les circuits primaires étant pris en sandwich dans le circuit secondaire caractérisé en ce que le transformateur est constitué de deux moitiés, chaque moitié comportant un demi-primaire pris en sandwich entre deux parties de demi-secondaire, chaque circuit imprimé comporte au moins une piste conductrice presque fermée constituant une spire active de l'un des circuits primaires ou secondaires, chaque demi-primaire est entouré par au moins une spire du demi-secondaire associée, en ce que les extrémités du circuit de la première, respectivement à la dernière couche de chaque demi-primaire formant chacune un écran électrostatique sont sur un côté opposé à celui des deux extrémités du circuit de la couche adjacente de la partie du demi-secondaire associé, et en ce que chaque demi-secondaire comporte au moins une spire de réponse qui est disposée dans l'empilement des spires de l'autre demi-secondaire, cette spire de réponse étant connectée en parallèle avec les autres spires du demi-secondaire dans l'empilement duquel elle n'est pas située.This object is achieved, the transformer with strong coupling of the type comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit produced in several layers of printed circuits and magnetically coupled via a magnetic circuit, the primary circuits being sandwiched in the circuit secondary characterized in that the transformer consists of two halves, each half comprising a semi-primary sandwiched between two parts of semi-secondary, each printed circuit comprises at least one almost closed conductive track constituting an active turn of one primary or secondary circuits, each semi-primary is surrounded by at least one turn of the associated semi-secondary, in that the ends of the circuit of the first, respectively to the last layer of each semi-primary, each forming an electrostatic screen on a side opposite that of the two ends of the circuit of the adjacent layer of the by tie of the associated semi-secondary, and in that each semi-secondary comprises at least one response turn which is arranged in the stack of turns of the other half-secondary, this response turn being connected in parallel with the others half-secondary turns in the stack of which it is not located.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'écran électrostatique formé par la première respectivement la dernière couche de chaque demi-primaire est constituée d'une spire intérieure et d'une spire extérieure en sens contraire, la spire intérieure ayant une extrémité libre, l'extrémité de la spire intérieure est située en regard de la dite extrémité libre étant connectée avec l'entrée de la spire extérieure qui est portée à un potentiel fixe.According to another embodiment, the electrostatic screen formed by the first respectively the last layer of each semi-primary consists of an inner turn and an outer turn in opposite directions, the inner turn having a free end, l 'end of the inner coil is located opposite said free end being connected with the input of the outer coil which is brought to a fixed potential.

Selon un autre mode de realisation, dans chaque demi primaire, les deux spires écrans sont reliées l'une à l'autre en parallèle, et les spires actives sont en nombre pair (2P) formant P séries de paires de spires dans le même sens d'enroulement, chaque paire de spires comportant une première spire d'ordre impair K, une seconde d'ordre pair 2P-K+1, connectées en série (K, 2P-K+1), les P séries de paire de spires étant reliées de façon que l'entrée de la série K+1 soit reliée à la sortie de la série K.According to another embodiment, in each primary half, the two screen turns are connected to each other in parallel, and the active turns are in even number (2P) forming P series of pairs of turns in the same winding direction, each pair of turns comprising a first turn of odd order K, a second even order 2P-K + 1, connected in series (K, 2P-K + 1), the P series of pair of turns being connected so that the input of the series K + 1 is connected to the release of the K series.

Selon un autre mode de realisation, la spire secondaire adjacente à la spire écran du primaire est constituée par une piste conductrice large quasi-fermée, dont les deux bornes d'accès sont disposées sur le côté opposé de la spire secondaire relativement au côté des bornes d'accès des spires-écran.According to another embodiment, the secondary turn adjacent to the screen turn of the primary consists of a wide, almost closed conductive track, the two access terminals of which are arranged on the opposite side of the secondary turn relative to the side of the terminals access to screen turns.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la spire du secondaire adjacente à la spire écran est obtenue par une coupure d'une piste initialement fermée, la coupure comportant au moins deux parties rectilignes non alignées.According to another embodiment, the secondary turn adjacent to the screen turn is obtained by cutting a track initially closed, the cut comprising at least two non-aligned rectilinear parts.

Selon un autre mode de realisation, la spire intérieure comporte une extrémité libre non connectée et une seconde extrémité connectée à proximité de la borne de la spire externe disposée à un potentiel fixe.According to another embodiment, the inner turn has a free end that is not connected and a second end connected near the terminal of the outer turn arranged at a fixed potential.

Selon un autre mode de realisation, la seconde extrémité de la spire intérieure est reliée en pleine largeur à la spire externe à la borne à potentiel fixe.According to another embodiment, the second end of the inner turn is connected in full width to the outer turn to the terminal with fixed potential.

Selon une autre mode de réalisation, les deux extrémités de la spire intérieure sont disposées face à face du côté opposé à la paire de bornes de la spire externe, le potentiel de la borne fixe étant ramené à la borne de la spire interne par une piste mince tracée entre les deux spires internes et externe de manière à ce que les sens de parcours du courant électrique dans les deux spires soient opposés.According to another embodiment, the two ends of the inner coil are arranged face to face on the side opposite to the pair of terminals of the external coil, the potential of the fixed terminal being brought back to the terminal of the internal turn by a thin track traced between the two internal and external turns so that the directions of travel of the electric current in the two turns are opposite.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la spire intérieure est scindée en deux parties égales à la hauteur des bornes de la spire externe, la partie portant l'extrémité libre de la spire interne ayant une seconde extrémité créée par la scission de la spire interne électriquement reliée à l'extrémité correspondante de la deuxième partie par une piste étroite qui fait un tour complet disposé pour moitié à l'intérieur de ladite deuxième partie et pour moitié entre ladite première partie et l'intérieur de la spire externe.According to another embodiment, the internal turn is split into two parts equal to the height of the terminals of the external turn, the part carrying the free end of the internal turn having a second end created by the splitting of the internal turn electrically. connected to the corresponding end of the second part by a narrow track which makes a complete turn arranged half inside said second part and half between said first part and the inside of the external turn.

Selon un autre mode de realisation, deux empilements identiques de circuits imprimés, chaque empilement comportant un demi-primaire entouré de deux moitiés d'un demi-secondaire avec des spires écrans, chaque circuit imprimé comportant des bornes affectées aux connexions des extrémités de spires secondaires d'un premier côté des circuits imprimés, et des bornes affectés aux connexions des spires primaires d'un second côté des circuits imprimés, chacune des bornes étant munie d'un perçage de manière à permettre de relier deux spires sur deux circuits imprimés perpendiculairement au plan des spires quand l'extrémité à connecter est reliée à la borne.According to another embodiment, two identical stacks of printed circuits, each stack comprising a semi-primary surrounded by two halves of a semi-secondary with screen turns, each printed circuit comprising terminals assigned to the connections of the ends of secondary turns on a first side of the printed circuits, and of the terminals assigned to the connections of the primary turns of a second side of the printed circuits, each of the terminals being provided with a bore so as to allow two turns to be connected on two printed circuits perpendicular to the plan of the turns when the end to be connected is connected to the terminal.

Un autre but de l'invention est de permettre le montage du transformateur dans des alimentations en découpage dont la dimension doit être aussi réduite que possible. A cet fin, le transformateur doit être rendu aussi plat que possible.Another object of the invention is to allow the mounting of the transformer in switching power supplies whose dimension must be as small as possible. To this end, the transformer should be made as flat as possible.

Ce but est par le fait que les deux couches de cuivre du circuit imprimé en vis-à-vis, sont dessinées de telle sorte que deux arêtes des deux surfaces de cuivre gravé ne soient jamais en coïncidence de manière à améliorer le couplage entre primaire et secondaire en réduisant l'épaisseur de l'isolant tout en évitant les risques de cisaillement de celui-ci lors du pressage du circuit imprimé.This goal is due to the fact that the two copper layers of the printed circuit opposite, are drawn so that two edges of the two surfaces of etched copper are never in coincidence so as to improve the coupling between primary and secondary by reducing the thickness of the insulation while avoiding the risk of shearing thereof during pressing of the printed circuit.

Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser un transformateur délivrant des courants plus importants en accolant au circuit imprimé multi-couches des spires en métal découpées, ces spires en métal découpées ayant une épaisseur plus forte que celles des couches imprimés.Another object of the invention is to provide a transformer delivering larger currents by attaching to the multi-layer printed circuit coils of cut metal, these coils of cut metal having a greater thickness than those of the printed layers.

Enfin, pour les équipements développant une certaine puissance électrique sous un faible volume, il est souhaitable de réaliser une optimisation thermique. Le gradiant thermique doit être faible entre le coeur et l'extérieur du transformateur et il est souhaitable d'augmenter la surface d'échange thermique dans un rapport donné.Finally, for equipment developing a certain electrical power in a small volume, it is desirable to carry out thermal optimization. The thermal gradient must be low between the core and the exterior of the transformer and it is desirable to increase the heat exchange surface in a given ratio.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que le transformateur comporte un circuit magnétique réalisé en deux moitiés symétriques relativement au plan médian du transformateur et comportant un noyau central autour duquel sont empilés les différentes couches des bobinages du transformateur, et en ce que les bobinages sont répartis en deux moitiés de part et d'autre du plan médian de manière à ménager un espace libre entre elles dont la hauteur est déterminée en fonction du refroidissement choisi et fixée par des plots ayant chacun une première fonction de connexion électrique entre au moins deux couches de bobinages et une seconde fonction d'entretoise permettant de fixer l'écartement entre les deux moitiés des bobinages, cette entretoise étant réalisée par un épaulement du plot.This object is achieved by the fact that the transformer comprises a magnetic circuit produced in two symmetrical halves relative to the median plane of the transformer and comprising a central core around which the different layers of the transformer windings are stacked, and in that the windings are distributed in two halves on either side of the median plane so as to provide a free space between them whose height is determined according to the cooling chosen and fixed by studs each having a first function of electrical connection between at least two layers of windings and a second spacer function for fixing the spacing between the two halves of the windings, this spacer being produced by a shoulder of the stud.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, un circuit d'alimentation à découpage comporte un transformateur comme décrit ci-dessus.According to another embodiment, a switching power supply circuit includes a transformer as described above.

Selon un autre mode de realisation, l'extrémité d'une spire écran et l'extrémité de la spire secondaire adjacente sont portées à des potentiels fixes et découplées par un condensateur de valeur déterminée par la fréquence de découpage.According to another embodiment, the end of a screen turn and the end of the adjacent secondary turn are brought to fixed potentials and decoupled by a capacitor with a value determined by the switching frequency.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la description et les figures annexées qui sont :

  • figure 1 : un schéma de connexion de spires secondaires dans un transformateur selon l'invention,
  • figure 2 : un schéma d'empilement de spires dans un transformateur selon l'invention,
  • figure 3 : un schéma de connexion des spires d'un demi-primaire d'un transformateur selon l'invention,
  • figure 4 : trois dessins possibles d'une spire spéciale disposée entre le primaire et le secondaire dans un transformateur selon l'invention,
  • figure 5 : un plan d'empilement dans un mode de réalisation d'un demi bobinage à 14 couches,
  • figure 6 : un dessin montrant l'optimisation de l'utilisation des isolants,
  • figure 7 : un schéma électrique d'une utilisation possible,
  • figure 8 : un transformateur selon l'invention,
  • figure 9 : un plot de sortie,
  • figure 10 : un plan d'empilement associant des circuits imprimés et des spires en métal découpé.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly from the description and the appended figures which are:
  • FIG. 1: a diagram of connection of secondary turns in a transformer according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2: a diagram of the stacking of turns in a transformer according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3: a connection diagram of the turns of a semi-primary of a transformer according to the invention,
  • FIG. 4: three possible drawings of a special turn arranged between the primary and the secondary in a transformer according to the invention,
  • FIG. 5: a stacking plane in an embodiment of a half-winding with 14 layers,
  • FIG. 6: a drawing showing the optimization of the use of insulation,
  • Figure 7: an electrical diagram of a possible use,
  • FIG. 8: a transformer according to the invention,
  • FIG. 9: an output pad,
  • Figure 10: a stacking plan associating printed circuits and cut metal turns.

A la figure 1, on a représenté un schéma de connexion de spires du secondaire. Le secondaire est réalisé en deux moitiés identiques, chacune comportant un nombre impair de spires. En vue de réduire les fuites causées par l'écartement entre les deux demi-secondaires, chaque spire d'un demi-secondaire est connectée aux bornes d'une spire correspondante de l'autre demi-secondaire.
Schématiquement, les spires (1), (2) et (3) du demi-secondaire (7) comportent des bornes A, B, C, D, E, F. Le deuxième demi-secondaire (8) comporte des spires (4), (5) et (6) dont les bornes d'accès sont respectivement G, H, I, J, K, L. Les bornes sont reliées de telle manière que la spire (1) réponde aux spires (4) et (5), et les spires (2) et (3) à la spire (6). On réalise donc les connexions ADFGIL, CEK, BHJ. Dans les modes de réalisation où le secondaire comporte un plus grand nombre de spires, ce dispositif est répété autant de fois qu'il est nécessaire. In Figure 1 , there is shown a connection diagram of secondary turns. The secondary is produced in two identical halves, each comprising an odd number of turns. In order to reduce leaks caused by the separation between the two half-secondary, each turn of a half-secondary is connected to the terminals of a corresponding turn of the other half-secondary.
Schematically, the turns (1), (2) and (3) of the semi-secondary (7) have terminals A, B, C, D, E, F. The second semi-secondary (8) has turns (4 ), (5) and (6) whose access terminals are respectively G, H, I, J, K, L. The terminals are connected in such a way that the turn (1) responds to the turns (4) and (5), and the turns (2) and (3) to turn (6). We therefore make the ADFGIL, CEK, BHJ connections. In the embodiments where the secondary has a greater number of turns, this device is repeated as many times as necessary.

A la figure 2, on a montré la réalisation d'un demi-transformateur selon l'invention. Selon l'invention, un demi-transformateur est constitué par un empilement de spires réparti entre un demi-primaire (14) et un demi-secondaire fractionné en 2 parties (13) et (15) enveloppant le demi-primaire. Le demi-secondaire peut être réalisé selon la manière vue à la figure 1. In Figure 2 , there is shown the embodiment of a half-transformer according to the invention. According to the invention, a half-transformer is constituted by a stack of turns distributed between a semi-primary (14) and a semi-secondary divided into 2 parts (13) and (15) enveloping the semi-primary. The semi-secondary can be carried out as shown in Figure 1.

Une partie (13) du demi-secondaire est séparée du demi-primaire (14) par une spire spéciale formant écran (11). La deuxième partie (15) du demi-secondaire est séparée du demi-primaire (14) par une deuxième spire spéciale (12) formant un écran électrostatique. Sur la partie droite de la figure 2, on a représenté le sens de la variation des potentiels de spires à l'intérieur du demi-primaire et du demi-secondaire fractionné en 2 parties. La pointe de la flèche représente le sens croissant d'un potentiel variable, l'autre extrémité représente un potentiel fixe.A part (13) of the semi-secondary is separated from the semi-primary (14) by a special whorl forming a screen (11). The second part (15) of the semi-secondary is separated from the semi-primary (14) by a second special turn (12) forming an electrostatic screen. On the right-hand side of FIG. 2, the direction of the variation of the potentials of turns inside the semi-primary and of the semi-secondary divided into 2 parts is shown. The tip of the arrow represents the increasing direction of a variable potential, the other end represents a fixed potential.

Afin de réduire les variations de potentiel entre chaque demi-primaire et demi-secondaire, les spires sont connectées de telle sorte que de part et d'autre d'une spire spéciale formant écran (11) ou (12), les spires soient au potentiel le plus fixe possible, que vers l'intérieur du demi-transformateur, les spires du demi-primaire (14) soient aux potentiels les plus variables.In order to reduce the potential variations between each semi-primary and semi-secondary, the turns are connected so that on both sides of a special turn forming a screen (11) or (12), the turns are at potential as fixed as possible, that towards the inside of the half-transformer, the turns of the semi-primary (14) are at the most variable potentials.

A la figure 3, on a représenté un demi-primaire constitué par un empilement de six spires. Les spires extérieures (16) et (21) sont destinées à réaliser un écran électrostatique. Ces deux spires sont donc reliées l'une à l'autre en parallèle. Les spires actives (17), (18), (19), (20) sont connectées de manière à ce que les potentiels soient le plus fixe possible sur les faces externes de l'empilement. A cette fin, la sortie de la spire (17) est connectée à l'entrée de la spire (20) dont la sortie est reliée à l'entrée de la spire (18). Ensuite, la sortie de la spire (18) est reliée à l'entrée de la spire (19) dont la sortie (23) à potentiel variable constitue une borne d'un demi-primaire. In Figure 3 , there is shown a semi-primary consisting of a stack of six turns. Outdoor coils (16) and (21) are intended to produce an electrostatic screen. These two turns are therefore connected to each other in parallel. The active turns (17), (18), (19), (20) are connected so that the potentials are as fixed as possible on the external faces of the stack. To this end, the output of the coil (17) is connected to the input of the coil (20), the output of which is connected to the input of the coil (18). Then, the output of the coil (18) is connected to the input of the coil (19) whose output (23) with variable potential constitutes a terminal of a semi-primary.

Pour représenter d'une manière formelle le cas d'un primaire de 2P spires, (-les spires étant numérotées successivement dans leur ordre d'empilement de 1 à 2P-), non comprises les deux spires-écran, on considère que le branchement s'effectue par mise en série de paires de spires connectées en série. La première paire est constituée par la mise en série de la spire 1 et de la spire 2P, et ainsi de suite, la paire de rang K étant constituée par la mise en série de la spire K et de la spire 2P-K +1, la dernière paire étant constituée par la mise en série de la spire P avec la spire P+1.To formally represent the case of a primary of 2P turns, (-the turns being numbered successively in their stacking order from 1 to 2P-), not including the two screen turns, we consider that the connection is carried out in series of pairs of turns connected in series. The first pair is constituted by the putting in series of the turn 1 and the turn 2P, and so on, the pair of row K being constituted by the putting in series of the turn K and the turn 2P-K +1 , the last pair being formed by putting the P turn in series with the P + 1 turn.

Ainsi, la connexion électrique de deux spires à l'ordre K est notée (K, 2P-K+1). Elle est représentée à la figure 3 pour 2P = 4 et K = 1 avec la paire 17,20 et K=2, la paire 18,19. L'écriture symbolique de la mise en série des P paires de spires s'écrit :

Figure imgb0001
Thus, the electrical connection of two turns to order K is noted (K, 2P-K + 1). It is represented in figure 3 for 2P = 4 and K = 1 with the pair 17.20 and K = 2, the pair 18.19. The symbolic writing of the serialization of the P pairs of turns is written:
Figure imgb0001

Chaque paire de spires comporte une entrée sur la spire K et une sortie sur la spire 2P-K+1. La mise en série de deux paires s'effectue comme sur l'exemple de la figure 3 de la sortie de la paire K sur l'entrée de la paire K+1.Each pair of turns has an input on turn K and an output on turn 2P-K + 1. The serialization of two pairs are carried out as in the example in FIG. 3 from the output of the pair K to the input of the pair K + 1.

Une telle répartition des potentiels permet d'assurer que les courants capacitifs -engendrés par les tensions entre spires voisines- entre primaire et secondaire auront une valeur minimale.Such a distribution of potentials ensures that the capacitive currents - generated by the voltages between neighboring turns - between primary and secondary will have a minimum value.

A la figure 4, on a représenté trois modes de réalisation représentés aux figures 4a, 4b et 4c d'une spire spéciale, la plus proche d'une spire secondaire représentée à la figure 4a dans un demi-primaire. Ces spires formant un écran électrostatique ont été schématisées en (16) et (21) de la figure 3 ou (11) et (12) de la figure 2.
Ces trois modèles permettent avec des efficacités et complexités différentes de minimiser le courant parasite primaire-secondaire dû au découpage, quand le transformateur est monté dans une alimentation à découpage. Pour une efficacité maximale, la spire secondaire adjacente de la figure 4d devra avoir ses deux extrémités (24) et (25) diamétralement opposées aux deux extrémités (26) et (27) de la spire spéciale qu'elle soit réalisée selon l'un ou l'autre des modes représentés aux figures 4a, 4b, 4c. In Figure 4 , there are shown three embodiments shown in Figures 4a, 4b and 4c of a special turn, the closest to a secondary turn shown in Figure 4a in a semi-primary. These turns forming an electrostatic screen have been shown diagrammatically in (16) and (21) of FIG. 3 or (11) and (12) of FIG. 2.
These three models make it possible, with different efficiencies and complexities, to minimize the primary-secondary parasitic current due to switching, when the transformer is mounted in a switching power supply. For maximum efficiency, the adjacent secondary turn of Figure 4d must have its two ends (24) and (25) diametrically opposite the two ends (26) and (27) of the special turn that it is made according to one or the other of the modes shown in Figures 4a, 4b, 4c.

La spire active du secondaire, adjacente à la spire écran et représentée à la figure 4d, est composée d'une piste conductrice large quasi fermée qui ménage une fenêtre centrale. La fenêtre centrale permet d'empiler le circuit imprimé de spire sur une colonne de circuit magnétique. La spire est coupée de manière à dégager une borne d'entrée 24 et une borne de sortie 25. La coupure a été préférentiellement réalisée de manière à présenter deux coudes de façon à ce que la résistance électrique dans la direction radiale soit augmentée sur la coupure. D'une manière générale, la coupure est obtenue par au moins deux traits rectilignes non alignés.The active secondary turn, adjacent to the screen turn and shown in Figure 4d, is composed of a wide conductive track almost closed which spares a central window. The central window makes it possible to stack the printed circuit of turn on a column of magnetic circuit. The turn is cut so as to release an input terminal 24 and an output terminal 25. The cut has preferably been made so as to have two elbows so that the electrical resistance in the radial direction is increased on the cut . In general, the cut is obtained by at least two straight lines that are not aligned.

L'extrémité (26) d'une spire spéciale et l'extrémité (24) de la spire secondaire adjacente devront être portées à des potentiels fixes et découplées par un condensateur de valeur convenable pour la fréquence de découpage quand le transformateur est monté dans une alimentation à découpage.The end (26) of a special turn and the end (24) of the adjacent secondary turn must be brought to fixed potentials and decoupled by a capacitor of suitable value for the switching frequency when the transformer is mounted in a switching power supply.

Selon le premier mode de réalisation de la figure 4a, une telle spire est constituée par deux parties orientées en sens contraire l'une de l'autre. L'entrée (26) de la spire extérieure (28) est disposée à un potentiel fixe dont la valeur est la plus proche possible de celle de la spire suivante. A l'intérieur de la boucle formée par cette spire, on réalise une seconde spire (29) en sens inverse dont une extrémité est connectée à l'entrée (26) de la spire extérieure (28), l'autre extrémité (30) est laissée libre.
Les deux spires sont disposées aussi proches l'une de l'autre que possible. La spire extérieure (28) ayant pour extrémités (26) et (27) est en fait la première spire de l'enroulement primaire. Elle est donc une spire active du transformateur.According to the first embodiment of Figure 4a, such a turn is constituted by two parts oriented in opposite directions from each other. The input (26) of the outer turn (28) is arranged at a fixed potential whose value is as close as possible to that of the next turn. Inside the loop formed by this turn, a second turn (29) is made in the opposite direction, one end of which is connected to the inlet (26) of the outer turn (28), the other end (30) is left free.
The two turns are arranged as close to each other as possible. The outer turn (28) having ends (26) and (27) is in fact the first turn of the primary winding. It is therefore an active turn of the transformer.

Le champ électrique apparaissant tout au long du pourtour entre cette spire spéciale et la spire secondaire adjacente tend à diminuer le courant parasite primaire-secondaire dû au découpage.The electric field appearing along the perimeter between this special turn and the adjacent secondary turn tends to reduce the primary-secondary stray current due to cutting.

Ce premier mode de réalisation est bien adapté à la réalisation de petits transformateurs, il donne une efficacité moyenne.This first embodiment is well suited to the production of small transformers, it gives an average efficiency.

Selon un second mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 4b, la spire intérieure (31) a ses extrémités (32) et (33) diamétralement opposées aux extrémités (26) et (27) de la spire active (34). L'extrémité (32) de la spire intérieure (31) est reliée à l'extrémité (26) de la spire active par une liaison (35). L'extrémité (33) est laissée libre.
Comme pour le premier mode de réalisation, les deux spires doivent être aussi proches que possible. La liaison (35) doit être aussi étroite que possible.
Ce mode a une efficacité supérieure au premier mode de réalisation et convient pour des transformateurs de puissance moyenne.According to a second embodiment shown in Figure 4b, the inner coil (31) has its ends (32) and (33) diametrically opposite the ends (26) and (27) of the active coil (34). The end (32) of the inner coil (31) is connected to the end (26) of the active turn by a link (35). The end (33) is left free.
As for the first embodiment, the two turns must be as close as possible. The link (35) should be as close as possible.
This mode has a higher efficiency than the first embodiment and is suitable for medium power transformers.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 4c, la spire intérieure (36) est scindée en deux parties égales (36a) et (36b). Les extrémités (37), (38) sont en regard l'une de l'autre et diamétralement opposées aux extrémités (39), (40) elles-mêmes en regard.
L'extrémité (39) d'une demi-spire intérieure (36a) est reliée à l'extrémité (26) de la spire active (43) par une liaison (41), l'autre extrémité (37) de cette même demi-spire est reliée à l'extrémité (38) de la deuxième demi-spire (36b) par une liaison (42).
L'extrémité (40) de la deuxième demi-spire (36b) est laissée libre. La spire active et les deux demi-spires intérieures doivent être aussi proches que possible, les liaisons (41) et (42) doivent être aussi étroites que possibles. La liaison (41) n'est pas une liaison directe qui effacerait l'effet de la coupure de scission de la spire interne (36). Elle est constituée par une piste étroite qui fait un tour complet disposé pour moitié à l'intérieur de ladite deuxième partie (36a) et pour moitié entre ladite première partie (36b) et l'intérieur de la spire externe (43).
Ce mode a l'efficacité la plus grande, il convient pour des transformateurs de puissance élevée.According to a third embodiment shown in Figure 4c, the inner coil (36) is split into two equal parts (36a) and (36b). The ends (37), (38) are opposite one another and diametrically opposite the ends (39), (40) themselves opposite.
The end (39) of an inner half-turn (36a) is connected to the end (26) of the active turn (43) by a link (41), the other end (37) of this same half -spire is connected to the end (38) of the second half-turn (36b) by a link (42).
The end (40) of the second half-turn (36b) is left free. The active turn and the two inner half-turns must be as close as possible, the connections (41) and (42) must be as close as possible. The link (41) is not a direct link which would erase the effect of the split cleavage of the internal coil (36). It consists of a narrow track which makes a full turn arranged half inside said second part (36a) and half between said first part (36b) and the inside of the external turn (43).
This mode has the highest efficiency, it is suitable for high power transformers.

Pour réaliser un transformateur selon l'invention, on a prévu un empilement de 2 circuits imprimés constitués chacun de 14 couches gravées sur lesquelles sont portées les plots de connexions, une fenêtre centrale et un chemin presque fermé destiné à réaliser une spire sur chaque couche gravée.To make a transformer according to the invention, a stack of 2 printed circuits is provided, each consisting of 14 etched layers on which the connection pads are carried, a central window and a path almost closed intended to make a turn on each engraved layer.

A la figure 5, on a représenté une succession de 14 couches d'un circuit imprimé destiné à réaliser un demi-bobinage d'un transformateur selon l'invention. Les 14 plaques sont de dimensions identiques et comportent pour chacune dans le bas 6 perçages métallisés assemblés deux à deux pour réaliser les connexions ADFGIL, CEK, BHJ de la figure 1 destinées aux spires des deux demi-secondaires. Dans la partie haute de chaque circuit imprimé sont disposés 8 contacts constitués chacun d'un trou métallisé numéroté de 1 à 8 sur les plaques qui les utilisent. Ainsi, les connexions des demi-secondaires se font dans le bas du circuit imprimé et les connexions du primaire se font dans les connexions hautes de ce circuit imprimé. In Figure 5 , there is shown a succession of 14 layers of a printed circuit intended to produce a half-winding of a transformer according to the invention. The 14 plates are of identical dimensions and each have at the bottom 6 metallized bores assembled two by two to make the connections ADFGIL, CEK, BHJ of FIG. 1 intended for the turns of the two semi-secondary. In the upper part of each printed circuit are arranged 8 contacts each consisting of a metallized hole numbered from 1 to 8 on the plates which use them. Thus, the connections of the semi-secondary are made at the bottom of the printed circuit and the connections of the primary are made in the high connections of this printed circuit.

Les liaisons de plaques imprimées à plaques imprimées se font donc par l'intermédiaire des trous métallisés. Les plaques sont numérotées successivement de S1 à S14 par leur ordre d'empilement dans un transformateur réalisé selon l'invention. La première plaque S1 et la dernière plaque S14 sont destinées à réaliser une protection mécanique et électrique de l'empilement. Le demi-secondaire fractionné en deux parties, constituées des plaques S2, S3, S4 d'une part, des plaques S11, S12, S13 d'autre part, entoure le demi-primaire.
Le demi-secondaire est constitué par la mise en série de la spire S2 avec une association parallèle des spires S3, S4, S11, S12 et S13.The connections of printed plates to printed plates are therefore made via metallized holes. The plates are numbered successively from S1 to S14 by their stacking order in a transformer produced according to the invention. The first plate S1 and the last plate S14 are intended to provide mechanical and electrical protection of the stack. The semi-secondary divided into two parts, consisting of plates S2, S3, S4 on the one hand, of plates S11, S12, S13 on the other hand, surrounds the semi-primary.
The semi-secondary is made up of the series S2 winding in series with a parallel association of the S3, S4, S11, S12 and S13 turns.

Le demi-primaire est constitué par l'empilement des six plaques S5 à S10. Les plaques extrêmes S5 et S10 sont en vis-à-vis avec les deux parties du demi-secondaire. Elles forment un blindage électrostatique constitué par une spire en demi largeur représentée hachurée sur les plaques S5 et S10.The semi-primary consists of the stack of six plates S5 to S10. The end plates S5 and S10 are opposite the two parts of the semi-secondary. They form an electrostatic shield consisting of a half-width turn shown hatched on the plates S5 and S10.

Cette spire est enroulée en sens inverse de la spire active en demi largeur de la plaque en question. Les plaques du demi-primaire sont connectées au bornier constitué par les trous métallisés supérieurs au nombre de huit sur chaque plaque. Ces trous métallisés sont numérotés de gauche à droite de 1 à 8 et seules les bornes exploitées pour chaque plaque sont numérotées au dessin.
Ainsi, on constate que le demi-primaire est constitué par la mise en série des spires S5, S6, S9, S7 et S8 d'une part, et la mise en parallèle de la spire S10 avec la spire S5 d'autre part. Enfin, les bornes d'accès du demi-primaire sont constituées par la borne 7 portée au potentiel fixe et la borne 1 portée au potentiel variable.This turn is wound in the opposite direction to the active turn in half the width of the plate in question. The half-primary plates are connected to the terminal block formed by the metallized holes greater than the number of eight on each plate. These metallized holes are numbered from left to right from 1 to 8 and only the terminals used for each plate are numbered in the drawing.
Thus, it can be seen that the semi-primary consists of the serialization of the turns S5, S6, S9, S7 and S8 on the one hand, and the paralleling of the turn S10 with the turn S5 on the other hand. Finally, the access terminals of the semi-primary are constituted by the terminal 7 brought to the fixed potential and the terminal 1 brought to the variable potential.

Les bornes 2 et 8 représentées sur la plaque S5 ne sont pas connectées. Lorsque deux circuits imprimés sont associés, elle permet de réaliser des raccordements simplifiés.Terminals 2 and 8 shown on plate S5 are not connected. When two printed circuits are associated, it allows simplified connections to be made.

Les connexions en série des spires du demi-primaire (points 1-3-4-5-6-7) étant toutes accessibles, on peut aisément modifier le rapport de transformation.The serial connections of the turns of the semi-primary (points 1-3-4-5-6-7) are all accessible, one can easily modify the transformation ratio.

A la figure 6, on a représenté deux des quatorze couches du circuit imprimé repèrées (100) et (101). Les surfaces de cuivre gravé (102) et (103) sont en regard et isolées entre-elles par un isolant prépreg (104). Le dessin du cuivre a été optimisé de telle façon que deux arêtes, par exemple (105) et (106), ne coïncident jamais. Cet arrangement permet de diminuer l'épaisseur du prépeg tout en évitant les risques de cisaillement de celui-ci lors du pressage du circuit imprimé. L'épaisseur du transformateur est ainsi minimisée et le couplage entre primaire et secondaire est amélioré. In Figure 6 , there are shown two of the fourteen layers of the printed circuit marked (100) and (101). The etched copper surfaces (102) and (103) are opposite and insulated from each other by a prepreg insulator (104). The design of the copper has been optimized so that two edges, for example (105) and (106), never coincide. This arrangement makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the prepeg while avoiding the risks of shearing thereof during pressing of the printed circuit. The thickness of the transformer is thus minimized and the coupling between primary and secondary is improved.

A la figure 7, on a représenté un schéma électrique d'un transformateur selon l'invention. Le demi-primaire (44) ou (45) est associé au demi-secondaire (46) ou (47) dans un même circuit imprimé décrit à lafigure 5. L'exemple montre qu'en associant deux circuits imprimés on peut réaliser un transformateur pour un montage Push-Pull.
Les points (49) et (50) communs ou (53) et (54) communs sont réunis au potentiel fixe primaire ou secondaire. Les points (48) et (51) ou (52) et (55) sont réunis au potentiel variable primaire ou secondaire. La concordance de phase est représentée par quatre points. La possibilité de mise en série ou paralléle aisée des spires offre un grand nombre de combinaisons possibles ainsi qu'une puissance modulable. In Figure 7 , there is shown an electrical diagram of a transformer according to the invention. The semi-primary (44) or (45) is associated with the semi-secondary (46) or (47) in the same printed circuit described in FIG. 5. The example shows that by combining two printed circuits, a transformer can be produced for a Push-Pull assembly.
The common points (49) and (50) or (53) and (54) common are joined to the primary or secondary fixed potential. Points (48) and (51) or (52) and (55) are joined to the primary or secondary variable potential. The phase match is represented by four dots. The possibility of easy series or parallel connection of the turns offers a large number of possible combinations as well as modular power.

A la figure 8, on montre un transformateur complet remplissant les fonctions décrites sur le schéma de la figure 7
Deux couches (56) et (57) identiques comportant chacun un demi-primaire et un demi-secondaire sont associés par deux rangées de plots (58) et (59). Une couche est montée avec sa face supérieure vers le haut, l'autre couche l'ayant dirigée vers le bas. De cette façon, les deux demis-secondaires sont en regard.
Un espace libre (60) entre les deux couches de circuits imprimés (56) et (57) permet un meilleur refroidissement par circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement. La dimension de cet espace peut varier en fonction de la vitesse et de la nature du fluide caloporteur disponible pour optimiser le refroidissement. Enfin, le transformateur est complété par un circuit magnétique (61), dont un noyau (62) plonge dans les fenêtres centrales de deux couches. Dans un exemple de réalisation, le circuit magnétique est constitué par un noyau (62) monté au milieu d'une pièce fermée (63). L'ensemble est coupé par le plan médian (64) de façon à permettre le montage. In FIG. 8 , a complete transformer is shown fulfilling the functions described in the diagram of FIG. 7
Two identical layers (56) and (57) each comprising a semi-primary and a semi-secondary are associated by two rows of studs (58) and (59). One layer is mounted with its upper side up, the other layer having directed it down. In this way, the two semi-secondary are opposite.
A free space (60) between the two layers of printed circuits (56) and (57) allows better cooling by circulation of a cooling fluid. The size of this space can vary depending on the speed and the nature of the heat transfer fluid available to optimize cooling. Finally, the transformer is completed by a magnetic circuit (61), a core (62) of which dips into the central windows of two layers. In an exemplary embodiment, the magnetic circuit consists of a core (62) mounted in the middle of a closed part (63). The assembly is cut by the median plane (64) so as to allow mounting.

A la figure 9, on a représenté le dessin d'un plot de sortie. Cette pièce remplit 3 fonctions :

  • . la hauteur du cylindre (65) permet de fixer l'écartement entre les deux couches de circuits imprimés pour le passage du fluide de refroidissement ;
  • . le cylindre (66) ressort de la couche de circuits imprimés supérieure par un trou de borne et permet l'amélioration du refroidissement en drainant dans le flux ambiant extérieur les calories dissipées au coeur du circuit imprimé ;
  • . le cylindre (67), qui fait la connexion avec la borne homologue de la couche inférieure a une hauteur suffisante pour permettre le raccordement sur le circuit imprimé constituant l'alimentation, quand celle-ci est montée sur un circuit imprimé.
In Figure 9 , there is shown the drawing of an output pad. This part fulfills 3 functions:
  • . the height of the cylinder (65) makes it possible to fix the spacing between the two layers of printed circuits for the passage of the coolant;
  • . the cylinder (66) emerges from the upper printed circuit layer through a terminal hole and allows the improvement of the cooling by draining in the external ambient flow the calories dissipated in the heart of the printed circuit;
  • . the cylinder (67), which makes the connection with the homologous terminal of the lower layer, has a sufficient height to allow connection to the printed circuit constituting the power supply, when the latter is mounted on a printed circuit.

A la figure 10, on a représenté deux couches de circuits imprimés (66) et (69) tels que décrits précédemment comportant chacun un demi-primaire et un demi-secondaire à fort couplage. In FIG. 10 , two layers of printed circuits (66) and (69) have been shown as described above, each comprising a semi-primary and a semi-secondary with strong coupling.

Pour augmenter le courant disponible au secondaire, on ajoute des spires en métal découpé (70, 71, 72, 73) ayant une épaisseur plus importante qu'une couche des circuits imprimés. Le fort couplage est conservé grâce aux spires secondaires contenues dans les circuits imprimés (68) et (69).To increase the current available at the secondary, coils of cut metal (70, 71, 72, 73) having a thickness greater than a layer of printed circuits are added. The strong coupling is preserved thanks to the secondary turns contained in the printed circuits (68) and (69).

Des pièces isolantes (74) et (75) permettent d'isoler les spires découpées les plus proches du circuit magnétique (76) et (77) par rapport à celui-ci.Insulating parts (74) and (75) make it possible to isolate the cut coils closest to the magnetic circuit (76) and (77) relative to the latter.

L'isolement entre les circuits imprimés (68) et (69) et les spires découpées (70-73) est assuré par la couche de fermeture des circuits imprimés.The isolation between the printed circuits (68) and (69) and the cut turns (70-73) is ensured by the closing layer of the printed circuits.

Le positionnement des spires découpées (70-73) est assuré par les plots (78) tels que décrits à la figure 9. La dimension des découpes intérieures (ou fenêtres) (79) et extérieures (80) des couches (68-74) est calculée de façon à assurer un isolement au passage du circuit magnétique.The positioning of the cut turns (70-73) is ensured by the studs (78) as described in FIG. 9. The size of the interior (or windows) (79) and exterior (80) cuts of the layers (68-74) is calculated in such a way as to insulate the passage of the magnetic circuit.

Les couches empilées (68) et (69) sont toutes identiques et peuvent être montées dans les deux sens possibles suivant la configuration imposée par le schéma électrique.The stacked layers (68) and (69) are all identical and can be mounted in two possible directions depending on the configuration imposed by the electrical diagram.

Claims (14)

  1. Close coupling transformer of the type comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit manufactured as several layers of printed circuits and magnetically coupled by means of a magnetic circuit, the primary circuits being sandwiched in the secondary circuit, characterised in that the transformer consists of two halves, each half comprising a primary half-winding (14, 16-21, S5 - S10, 44, 45) sandwiched between two parts (1-2, 5-6, 13, S2-S4, 3, 4, 15, S11-S13) of secondary half-winding (1-3, 4-6, 13, 15, 46-47, S2-S4, S11-S13), each printed circuit comprises at least one almost closed conductive track constituting an active turn (17-20, 1-6) of one of the primary or secondary circuits, each primary half-winding is surrounded by at least one turn of the associated secondary half-winding, in that the ends (26, 27) of the circuit from the first (11, 16, S5) to the last (12, 21, S10) layer respectively of each primary half-winding each forming an electrostatic shield are on a side opposite that of the two ends (24, 25) of the circuit of the adjacent layer of the part of the associated secondary half-winding, and in that each secondary half-winding has at least one response turn (1, 6, S2) which is arranged in the stack of turns of the other secondary half-winding, said response turn (1, 6, S2) being connected in parallel with the other turns of the secondary half-winding in the stack in which it is not located.
  2. Transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that the electrostatic shield formed by the first and last layer respectively of each primary half-winding is made up of an inner turn (29, 31, 36) and an outer turn (28, 34, 43) in the opposite direction, the inner turn (29, 31, 36) having a free end (30, 35, 40), the end of the inner turn located facing the said free end being connected with the input (26) to the outer turn (28, 34, 43) which is connected to a fixed potential.
  3. Transformer according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that in each primary half-winding, the two shielding turns (11, 16, S5; 12, 21 S10) are connected to each other in parallel, and in that the active turns (1-6, 17-20) are of an even number (2P) forming P series of pairs of turns in the same direction of winding, each pair of turns having an odd-numbered first turn K, an even-numbered second turn 2P-K+1, connected in series (K, 2P-K+1), the P series of pairs of turns being linked in such a manner that the input to the series K+1 is connected to the output from the series K.
  4. Transformer according to claim 3, characterised in that the secondary turn adjacent to the shielding turn of the primary is made up of a semi-closed wide conductive track, the two input terminals (24, 25) of which are arranged on the opposite side of the secondary turn with respect to the side of the input terminals of the shielding turns.
  5. Transformer according to claim 4, characterised in that the turn of the secondary adjacent to the shielding turn is obtained by means of a cut in an initially closed track, the cut having at least two non-aligned straight parts.
  6. Transformer according to claim 2, characterised in that the inner turn (29, 31, 36) has an unconnected free end (30, 33 or 40) and a second end (30a, 32, 39) connected near the terminal (26) of the outer turn (28, 34 or 43) connected to a fixed potential.
  7. Transformer according to claim 2, characterised in that the second end (30a) of the inner turn (29) is linked across its full width to the outer turn (28) at the fixed potential terminal (26).
  8. Transformer according to claim 6, characterised in that the two ends of the inner turn (31) are arranged facing the side opposite the pair of terminals (26, 27) of the outer turn (34, 43), the potential of the fixed terminal (26) being returned to the terminal (32) of the inner turn by a thin track (35, 41) traced between the two inner (31, 36) and outer (34, 43) turns so that the current flows through the two turns in opposite directions.
  9. Transformer according to claim 8, characterised in that the inner turn (36) is subdivided into two equal parts (36b, 36a) at the height of the terminals (26, 27) of the outer turn (36), the first part (36b) having the free end (40) of the inner turn and having a second end (38), created by subdividing the inner turn, electrically connected to the adjacent and corresponding end (37) of the second part (36a) by a narrow track (42) which makes a complete turn, arranged half inside the said second part (36a) and half between the said first part (36b) and the inside of the outer turn (43).
  10. Transformer according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterised in that it has two identical stacks of printed circuits, each stack having a primary half-winding surrounded by two halves of a secondary half-winding with shielding turns, each printed circuit having terminals (A, B, C, D) allocated to the connections of the ends of secondary turns of a first side of the printed circuits, and terminals (1 to 8) allocated to the connections of the primary turns of a second side of the printed circuits, each terminal (1 to 8, A to D) being provided with a hole so as to enable two turns to be connected to two printed circuits perpendicular to the plane of the turns when the end to be connected is linked to the terminal (1 to 8, A to D).
  11. Transformer according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that two copper layers (100, 101) of the printed circuit facing each other, are designed such that two edges (105, 106) of the two etched copper surfaces (102, 103) never meet so as to improve the coupling between primary and secondary by reducing the thickness of the insulating material (104) whilst avoiding the risks of shearing said insulating material when the printed circuit is pressed.
  12. Transformer according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that it has a magnetic circuit (63) created in two symmetrical halves with respect to the centre plane (64) of the transformer and having a central core (62) around which are stacked the various layers of coils of the transformer, and in that the coils are distributed in two halves (56, 57) on both sides of the centre plane (64) so as to create a free space (60) between them, the height of which is determined as a function of the selecting cooling and fixed by the contact blocks (58, 59), each having a first electrical connection function between at least two layers of coils and a second bracing function enabling the gap between the two halves (56, 57) of the coils to be fixed, said bracing being provided by a projection (65) on the contact block.
  13. Chopper power circuit having a transformer according to one of the previous claims.
  14. Chopper power circuit according to claim 13, characterised in that the end (26) of one shielding turn and the end (24) of the adjacent secondary turn are connected to fixed potentials and decoupled by a condenser of a value determined by the chopping frequency.
EP19880401135 1987-05-15 1988-05-10 Transformer with a strong coupling for chopped supply circuit and supply circuit comprising such a transformer Expired - Lifetime EP0291403B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8706835 1987-05-15
FR8706835A FR2615319B1 (en) 1987-05-15 1987-05-15 HIGH-COUPLING TRANSFORMER SUITABLE FOR A CUT-OUT POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT AND CUT-OUT POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT COMPRISING SUCH A TRANSFORMER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0291403A1 EP0291403A1 (en) 1988-11-17
EP0291403B1 true EP0291403B1 (en) 1993-01-27

Family

ID=9351129

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880401135 Expired - Lifetime EP0291403B1 (en) 1987-05-15 1988-05-10 Transformer with a strong coupling for chopped supply circuit and supply circuit comprising such a transformer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4937729A (en)
EP (1) EP0291403B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0795494B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3877817T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2038773T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2615319B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988009042A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8023290B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2011-09-20 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US10199950B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2019-02-05 Vlt, Inc. Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5184103A (en) * 1987-05-15 1993-02-02 Bull, S.A. High coupling transformer adapted to a chopping supply circuit
DE69117403T2 (en) * 1990-03-30 1996-09-05 Multisource Tech Corp LOW-PROFILE FLAT TRANSFORMER FOR USE ON INDEPENDENTLY OPERATING SWITCHING POWER SUPPLIES
EP0481682B1 (en) * 1990-10-18 1996-07-24 Valor Electronics Inc. Non-coupled integrated magnetic structure
US5166965A (en) * 1991-04-11 1992-11-24 Varian Associates, Inc. High voltage dc source including magnetic flux pole and multiple stacked ac to dc converter stages with planar coils
DE4122796A1 (en) * 1991-07-10 1993-01-21 Abb Patent Gmbh INDUCTIVE COMPONENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
US5475606A (en) * 1993-03-05 1995-12-12 International Business Machines Corporation Faraday cage for a printed circuit card
TW436823B (en) * 1994-06-29 2001-05-28 Yokogawa Electric Corp Prited coil type transformer
EP0698896B1 (en) * 1994-08-24 1998-05-13 Yokogawa Electric Corporation Printed coil
DE698896T1 (en) * 1994-08-24 1996-08-29 Yokogawa Electric Corp Printed spool
GB9424349D0 (en) 1994-12-02 1995-01-18 Measurement Tech Ltd Transformers
EP0961303B1 (en) * 1998-05-26 2003-10-22 Artesyn Technologies A transformer assembly
CN1319238A (en) * 1998-08-21 2001-10-24 核子生态能量有限公司 Planar transformer
DE19900111A1 (en) * 1999-01-05 2000-07-06 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Diode split high voltage transformer
US6307458B1 (en) 1999-09-22 2001-10-23 Ericsson Inc. Split inductor with fractional turn of each winding and PCB including same
WO2001054149A1 (en) * 2000-01-24 2001-07-26 Ronald Kevin Fricker A planar transformer
US6420953B1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2002-07-16 Pulse Engineering. Inc. Multi-layer, multi-functioning printed circuit board
US7932799B2 (en) * 2004-09-24 2011-04-26 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Transformer
KR101414779B1 (en) * 2010-10-20 2014-07-03 한국전자통신연구원 Wireless power transfer device
JP6365692B2 (en) * 2015-01-20 2018-08-01 株式会社村田製作所 Coil parts
KR102317743B1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2021-10-27 삼성전자 주식회사 Electromagnetic induction device, power supply apparatus and display apparatus having the same
JP6478434B2 (en) * 2015-11-17 2019-03-06 新電元工業株式会社 Switching power supply
GB201622186D0 (en) * 2016-12-23 2017-02-08 Weatherford Uk Ltd Antenna for downhole communication
CN107424794A (en) * 2017-08-17 2017-12-01 广州金升阳科技有限公司 A kind of transformer
JP2020109807A (en) * 2019-01-07 2020-07-16 スミダコーポレーション株式会社 Flat type transformer
US10886857B1 (en) * 2019-07-31 2021-01-05 Ralph R. Karsten Inhibiting noise coupling across isolated power supplies

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR981390A (en) * 1948-12-31 1951-05-25 Process for the constitution of electric windings by stacking of prefabricated elements
FR1580316A (en) * 1968-05-27 1969-09-05
US3833872A (en) * 1972-06-13 1974-09-03 I Marcus Microminiature monolithic ferroceramic transformer
US4311977A (en) * 1980-05-29 1982-01-19 Continental Electronics Mfg. Co. Output transformer
US4518941A (en) * 1983-11-16 1985-05-21 Nihon Kohden Corporation Pulse transformer for switching power supplies
US4622627A (en) * 1984-02-16 1986-11-11 Theta-J Corporation Switching electrical power supply utilizing miniature inductors integrally in a PCB
JPS60245208A (en) * 1984-05-21 1985-12-05 Nippon Ferrite Ltd Printed coil
JPS6132785U (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-02-27 ティーディーケイ株式会社 Stacked hybrid integrated DC/DC converter
JPS61156802A (en) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-16 テクトロニツクス・インコーポレイテツド Small transformer
US4803609A (en) * 1985-10-31 1989-02-07 International Business Machines Corporation D. C. to D. C. converter

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8023290B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2011-09-20 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US8493751B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2013-07-23 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US9143042B2 (en) 1997-01-24 2015-09-22 Synqor, Inc. High efficiency power converter
US10199950B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2019-02-05 Vlt, Inc. Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter
US10594223B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2020-03-17 Vlt, Inc. Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter
US11075583B1 (en) 2013-07-02 2021-07-27 Vicor Corporation Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter
US11705820B2 (en) 2013-07-02 2023-07-18 Vicor Corporation Power distribution architecture with series-connected bus converter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0291403A1 (en) 1988-11-17
ES2038773T3 (en) 1993-08-01
DE3877817T2 (en) 1993-05-27
FR2615319A1 (en) 1988-11-18
JPH01503264A (en) 1989-11-02
WO1988009042A1 (en) 1988-11-17
FR2615319B1 (en) 1989-07-07
JPH0795494B2 (en) 1995-10-11
DE3877817D1 (en) 1993-03-11
US4937729A (en) 1990-06-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0291403B1 (en) Transformer with a strong coupling for chopped supply circuit and supply circuit comprising such a transformer
US5184103A (en) High coupling transformer adapted to a chopping supply circuit
EP0222786B1 (en) Cyclotron
KR100320760B1 (en) Thermoelectric element and method for manufacturing the same
EP0523588B1 (en) Transformer winding composed of an insulating tape comprising electrically conductive patterns for realizing a parallel arrangement of the patterns when zigzag folding this tape
FR2570169A1 (en) IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOELECTRIC MODULES WITH MULTIPLE THERMOELEMENTS FOR THERMOELECTRIC INSTALLATION, AND THERMOELECTRIC INSTALLATION COMPRISING SUCH THERMOELECTRIC MODULES
JP2014038884A (en) Electronic component and method for manufacturing electronic component
FR3057999B1 (en) MULTILAYER WAVEGUIDE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE DEVICE FOR TRANSITION BETWEEN LAYERS OF THIS MULTILAYER WAVEGUIDE
EP0714090B1 (en) Recording/reproduction magnetic head and production method
EP0446107A1 (en) Transmission system for electrical energy, in the microwave field, with gyromagnetic effect, such as a circulator, isolator or filter
FR3033930A1 (en) THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER FOR DODECAPHASE RECTIFIER
EP0564315A1 (en) Cooling device for inductive circuit
US6235982B1 (en) Photoelectric conversion apparatus and method for manufacturing the same
Gupta et al. Perfect dispersive medium for real-time signal processing
JP4634908B2 (en) High temperature superconducting coil
US4862129A (en) Single-turn primary and single-turn secondary flat voltage transformer
FR2954573A1 (en) Planar power transformer for use in chopping converter, has connection stud arranged at periphery of stacking, where connection stud connects turns to cooling unit to evacuate heat generated by transformer
FR2550026A1 (en) Stator for high-voltage electrical machine.
EP0278867B1 (en) Integrated microwave circulator
FR3026549A1 (en) MAGNETIC CORE OF ROTATING TRANSFORMER
WO2021116632A1 (en) Electrotechnical device for an aircraft
FR3081259A1 (en) SUPERCONDUCTING CURRENT LIMITER WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SPACER
CA3101244A1 (en) Electric system having at least one inductor with improved architecture
JP4572567B2 (en) Inductor composite parts and composite elements
FR2555353A1 (en) Variable-current electromagnet, in particular for inductive heating

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB IT NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890206

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910722

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB IT NL

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19930210

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3877817

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19930311

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: FUMERO BREVETTI S.N.C.

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2038773

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

RAP4 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: BULL S.A.

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19950425

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19960422

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19960422

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19960516

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19960531

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19960618

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19970131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19970510

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970512

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19970531

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: S.A. BULL

Effective date: 19970531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19971201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19970510

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19971201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980203

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19990301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050510