EP0310865A1 - X-ray diagnostic apparatus with an image intensifier television system - Google Patents

X-ray diagnostic apparatus with an image intensifier television system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0310865A1
EP0310865A1 EP88115497A EP88115497A EP0310865A1 EP 0310865 A1 EP0310865 A1 EP 0310865A1 EP 88115497 A EP88115497 A EP 88115497A EP 88115497 A EP88115497 A EP 88115497A EP 0310865 A1 EP0310865 A1 EP 0310865A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
image intensifier
ray diagnostic
light
filter disc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88115497A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rainer Beierlein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0310865A1 publication Critical patent/EP0310865A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/10—Scattering devices; Absorbing devices; Ionising radiation filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/64—Circuit arrangements for X-ray apparatus incorporating image intensifiers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray diagnostic device with an image intensifier television chain and an iris diaphragm in the beam path between the image intensifier output screen and an image recording system, the filter disk being formed by an opaque plate with an opaque central area.
  • the iris diaphragm must be closed relatively far. This leads to diffraction effects at the diaphragm edges and thus to a blurred image. This phenomenon can be counteracted by in the beam path before the picture is taken system a filter disc is arranged.
  • this filter disk again has the disadvantage that even if the image receiver requires a high level of brightness, the luminous flux is not necessarily weakened, so that the iris diaphragm must be opened relatively widely.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an X-ray diagnostic device of the type mentioned in such a way that a filter disc, in which the transition of the attenuation of light between the central region and the outer region takes place continuously, can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the opaque area has a star-shaped serrated edge.
  • a light-absorbing layer on the translucent plate can be used for a continuous transition, which has a uniform thickness. Such a layer can be applied in a simple manner. The continuous transition is ensured by the star-shaped serrated edge.
  • the 1 has an x-ray generator 1, which supplies an x-ray tube 2 with heating and high voltage.
  • the X-ray radiation generated by the X-ray tube 2 penetrates a patient 3 and strikes the input fluorescent screen of an X-ray image intensifier 4.
  • the luminous flux 5 emanating from the exit fluorescent screen of the X-ray image intensifier 4 is fed via a semi-transparent mirror 9 on the one hand to a film camera 6 and on the other hand to a television camera 7.
  • the television picture is displayed on a monitor 8.
  • a second semitransparent mirror 10 feeds part of the luminous flux 5 to a light detector 11, which feeds a signal corresponding to the average image brightness on the output fluorescent screen of the X-ray image intensifier 4 to a brightness control device 12 which keeps this average image brightness constant by acting on the X-ray generator 1.
  • an iris diaphragm 13 is arranged in the optical beam path between the latter and the television camera 7.
  • the iris diaphragm 13 allows the luminous flux to the television camera 7 to be adjusted individually and is controlled by the brightness control device 12.
  • a filter disk 14 which, according to FIG. 2, has a central area 15 with strong light attenuation and an outer area 16 with low light attenuation which is concentric with it.
  • the iris diaphragm 13 is wide open, the luminous flux to the television camera 7 is therefore hardly weakened overall by the filter disk 14, while when the iris diaphragm 13 is wide closed it is weakened by the central region 15 is greatly weakened.
  • the smallest aperture required is therefore still relatively large, so that image deterioration due to diffraction effects does not occur.
  • the filter disk 14 can be formed by a glass plate with central light-absorbing vapor deposition.
  • the glass plate of optical quality can be anti-reflective on both sides to avoid residual reflections.
  • the transition between the central region 15 and the outer region 16 is approximately continuous with regard to the weakening of light.
  • the edge of the opaque coating of a translucent plate i.e. the edge of the central region 15 jagged in a star shape according to FIG. 2. If the iris diaphragm 13 completely or partially covers this star-shaped jagged edge, the adjustment of the iris diaphragm 13 results in a continuous increase or decrease in the total light absorption.
  • central region 15 according to FIG. 2 has a star-shaped serrated edge corresponding to a regular octagon.
  • the interaction between the filter disk 14 and the iris diaphragm 13 results in a large dynamic range, with extremely small diaphragm openings being avoided.
  • One filter disc is sufficient for all operating modes.

Abstract

In an X-ray diagnostic operator with an iris aperture in front of an image recording system, it is intended to avoid small aperture openings and only slightly to weaken the light flow in the case of large aperture openings. In front of the image recording system there is arranged a filter disc (14) having a central region (15) where the light is considerably weakened and an outer region (16), located concentrically thereto, where the light is weakened slightly. In order to achieve a continuous transition and simple production of the filter disc (14), the edge of the central opaque region (15) is serrated in the form of a star. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Röntgendiagnostikvorrichtung mit einer Bildverstärker-Fernsehkette und einer Irisblende im Strahlengang zwischen dem Bildverstärker-Ausgangsschirm und einem Bildaufnahmesystem, wobei die Filterscheibe von einer lichtundurchlässigen Platte mit einem lichtundurchlässigen zentrischen Bereich gebildet ist.The invention relates to an X-ray diagnostic device with an image intensifier television chain and an iris diaphragm in the beam path between the image intensifier output screen and an image recording system, the filter disk being formed by an opaque plate with an opaque central area.

Es ist bekannt, am Ausgangsleuchtschirm des Röntgenbildverstär­kers einer Röntgendiagnostikvorrichtung eine Fernsehkamera und eine Filmkamera optisch anzukoppeln. Hierzu werden halbtranspa­rente Spiegel verwendet, die den Strahlengang teilen. Ferner kann ein Teil des Lichtstromes vom Ausgangsleuchtschirm des Röntgenbildverstärkers einem Detektor einer Helligkeitsregel­einrichtung zugeführt werden, die die mittlere Bildhelligkeit auf dem Ausgangsleuchtschirm über die Dosisleistung konstant hält. Der Sollwert für die mittlere Bildhelligkeit ist dabei für die Fernsehkette ein anderer als für die Filmkamera. Damit trotzdem sowohl einwandfreie Fernsehbilder als auch Filmbilder erzielt werden, kann vor dem Objektiv eines dieser Bildaufnah­mesysteme eine Irisblende angeordnet werden, über die der Lichtstrom individuell einstellbar ist. Ist beispielsweise für die Fernsehkamera eine geringere mittlere Bildhelligkeit er­forderlich als auf dem Ausgangsleuchtschirm des Röntgenbild­verstärkers vorhanden ist, so kann dies durch teilweises Schließen der Irisblende erreicht werden.It is known to optically couple a television camera and a film camera to the exit fluorescent screen of the X-ray image intensifier of an X-ray diagnostic device. For this purpose, semi-transparent mirrors are used that share the beam path. Furthermore, a part of the luminous flux from the output phosphor screen of the X-ray image intensifier can be fed to a detector of a brightness control device which keeps the average image brightness on the output phosphor screen constant over the dose rate. The target value for the average image brightness is different for the television chain than for the film camera. So that both perfect TV pictures and film pictures can still be achieved, an iris diaphragm can be arranged in front of the lens of one of these picture recording systems, via which the luminous flux can be individually adjusted. If, for example, a lower average image brightness is required for the television camera than is present on the exit fluorescent screen of the X-ray image intensifier, this can be achieved by partially closing the iris diaphragm.

Bei kleinem Helligkeitsbedarf des Bildempfängers, z.B. einer Fernsehkamera, muß die Irisblende relativ weit geschlossen wer­den. Dies führt zu Beugungseffekten an den Blendenkanten und damit zu einem unscharfen Bild. Dieser Erscheinung kann entge­gengewirkt werden, indem im Strahlengang vor dem Bildaufnahme­ system eine Filterscheibe angeordnet wird. Diese Filterscheibe hat jedoch wiederum den Nachteil, daß auch bei hohem Hellig­keitsbedarf des Bildempfängers eine an sich nicht erforderliche Schwächung des Lichtstromes erfolgt, so daß die Irisblende re­lativ weit geöffnet werden muß.If the image receiver, for example a television camera, requires a small amount of brightness, the iris diaphragm must be closed relatively far. This leads to diffraction effects at the diaphragm edges and thus to a blurred image. This phenomenon can be counteracted by in the beam path before the picture is taken system a filter disc is arranged. However, this filter disk again has the disadvantage that even if the image receiver requires a high level of brightness, the luminous flux is not necessarily weakened, so that the iris diaphragm must be opened relatively widely.

Zur optimalen Anpassung des Lichtstromes zum Bildaufnahmesystem ist es auch bereits bekannt, im Strahlengang vor dem Bildauf­nahmesystem eine Filterscheibe mit einem zentrischen Bereich starker Lichtschwächung und einem dazu konzentrisch liegenden äußeren Bereich geringer Lichtschwächung anzuordnen (EP-A-­0 193 444). Dabei ist auch bei geringem Helligkeitsbedarf des Bildempfängers wegen des zentrischen Bereiches mit starker Lichtschwächung eine relativ große Blendenöffnung und damit ein scharfes Bild möglich. Andererseits wird bei hohem Helligkeits­bedarf des Bildempfängers und weitgeöffneter Irisblende der Lichtstrom wegen des gut lichtdurchlässigen äußeren Bereiches der Filterscheibe durch die Filterscheibe insgesamt nur wenig geschwächt.For optimal adaptation of the luminous flux to the image recording system, it is also known to arrange a filter disk in the beam path in front of the image recording system with a central area of strong light attenuation and an outer area of low light attenuation which is concentric with it (EP-A-0 193 444). A relatively large aperture and thus a sharp image is possible even when the image receiver requires little brightness due to the central area with strong light attenuation. On the other hand, if the image receiver has a high brightness requirement and the iris diaphragm is wide open, the luminous flux as a whole is only slightly weakened by the filter disc because of the well-translucent outer area of the filter disc.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Röntgendiagno­stikvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß eine Filterscheibe, bei der der Übergang der Lichtschwächung zwischen dem zentrischen Bereich und dem äußeren Bereich konti­nuierlich erfolgt, in einfacher Weise herstellbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide an X-ray diagnostic device of the type mentioned in such a way that a filter disc, in which the transition of the attenuation of light between the central region and the outer region takes place continuously, can be produced in a simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der lichtundurchlässige Bereich einen sternförmig gezackten Rand aufweist. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Filterscheibe ist für einen kontinuierlichen Übergang eine lichtabsorbierende Schicht auf der lichtdurchlässigen Platte verwendbar, die eine gleichmäßige Dicke hat. Eine solche Schicht ist in einfacher Weise aufbring­bar. Der kontinuierliche Übergang ist durch den sternförmig ge­zackten Rand sichergestellt.This object is achieved in that the opaque area has a star-shaped serrated edge. In the filter disc according to the invention, a light-absorbing layer on the translucent plate can be used for a continuous transition, which has a uniform thickness. Such a layer can be applied in a simple manner. The continuous transition is ensured by the star-shaped serrated edge.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Röntgendiagnostikvorrichtung nach der Erfindung, und
  • Fig. 2 eine Filterscheibe der Röntgendiagnostikvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows an X-ray diagnostic device according to the invention, and
  • FIG. 2 shows a filter disk of the X-ray diagnostic device according to FIG. 1

Die Röntgendiagnostikvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 weist einen Rönt­gengenerator 1 auf, der eine Röntgenröhre 2 mit Heiz- und Hoch­spannung versorgt. Die von der Röntgenröhre 2 erzeugte Röntgen­strahlung durchdringt einen Patienten 3 und trifft auf dem Ein­gangsleuchtschirm eines Röntgenbildverstärkers 4 auf. Der vom Ausgangsleuchtschirm des Röntgenbildverstärkers 4 ausgehende Lichtstrom 5 wird über einen halbtransparenten Spiegel 9 einer­seits einer Filmkamera 6 und andererseits einer Fernsehkamera 7 zugeführt. Das Fernsehbild wird auf einem Monitor 8 wiedergege­ben. Ein zweiter halbtransparenter Spiegel 10 führt einen Teil des Lichtstromes 5 einem Lichtdetektor 11 zu, der ein der mitt­leren Bildhelligkeit auf dem Ausgangsleuchtschirm des Röntgen­bildverstärkers 4 entsprechendes Signal einer Helligkeitsregel­einrichtung 12 zuführt, die diese mittlere Bildhelligkeit durch Einwirkung auf den Röntgengenerator 1 konstant hält.1 has an x-ray generator 1, which supplies an x-ray tube 2 with heating and high voltage. The X-ray radiation generated by the X-ray tube 2 penetrates a patient 3 and strikes the input fluorescent screen of an X-ray image intensifier 4. The luminous flux 5 emanating from the exit fluorescent screen of the X-ray image intensifier 4 is fed via a semi-transparent mirror 9 on the one hand to a film camera 6 and on the other hand to a television camera 7. The television picture is displayed on a monitor 8. A second semitransparent mirror 10 feeds part of the luminous flux 5 to a light detector 11, which feeds a signal corresponding to the average image brightness on the output fluorescent screen of the X-ray image intensifier 4 to a brightness control device 12 which keeps this average image brightness constant by acting on the X-ray generator 1.

Zur Anpassung der Empfindlichkeit der Fernsehkamera 7 an die mittlere Bildhelligkeit auf dem Ausgangsschirm des Röntgenbild­verstärkers 4 ist im optischen Strahlengang zwischen diesem und der Fernsehkamera 7 eine Irisblende 13 angeordnet. Die Iris­blende 13 erlaubt eine individuelle Einstellung des Lichtstro­mes zur Fernsehkamera 7 und wird von der Helligkeitsregelein­richtung 12 angesteuert.To adjust the sensitivity of the television camera 7 to the average image brightness on the output screen of the x-ray image intensifier 4, an iris diaphragm 13 is arranged in the optical beam path between the latter and the television camera 7. The iris diaphragm 13 allows the luminous flux to the television camera 7 to be adjusted individually and is controlled by the brightness control device 12.

Vor der Irisblende 13 liegt eine Filterscheibe 14, die gemäß Fig. 2 einen zentrischen Bereich 15 starker Lichtschwächung und einen dazu konzentrisch liegenden äußeren Bereich 16 geringer Lichtschwächung aufweist. Bei weit geöffneter Irisblende 13 wird daher der Lichtstrom zur Fernsehkamera 7 durch die Filter­scheibe 14 insgesamt kaum geschwächt, während er bei weit ge­schlossener Irisblende 13 durch den zentrischen Bereich 15 stark geschwächt wird. Die kleinste erforderliche Blendenöff­nung ist daher noch relativ groß, so daß eine Bildverschlechte­rung durch Beugungseffekte nicht eintritt.In front of the iris diaphragm 13 is a filter disk 14 which, according to FIG. 2, has a central area 15 with strong light attenuation and an outer area 16 with low light attenuation which is concentric with it. When the iris diaphragm 13 is wide open, the luminous flux to the television camera 7 is therefore hardly weakened overall by the filter disk 14, while when the iris diaphragm 13 is wide closed it is weakened by the central region 15 is greatly weakened. The smallest aperture required is therefore still relatively large, so that image deterioration due to diffraction effects does not occur.

Die Filterscheibe 14 kann von einer Glasplatte mit zentrischer lichtabsorbierender Bedampfung gebildet sein. Die Glasplatte optischer Qualität kann zur Vermeidung von Restreflexionen beidseitig entspiegelt sein. Zur besseren Anpassung an die verschiedenen Betriebsarten und Geräte ist der Übergang zwi­schen dem zentrischen Bereich 15 und dem äußeren Bereich 16 hinsichtlich der Lichtschwächung etwa kontinuierlich. Hierzu ist der Rand der lichtundurchlässigen Beschichtung einer licht­durchlässigen Platte, d.h. der Rand des zentrischen Bereiches 15 gemäß Fig. 2 sternförmig gezackt. Überdeckt die Irisblende 13 diesen sternförmig gezackten Rand ganz oder teilweise, so ergibt sich bei der Verstellung der Irisblende 13 eine konti­nuierliche Zunahme bzw. Abnahme der Gesamt-Lichtabsorption.The filter disk 14 can be formed by a glass plate with central light-absorbing vapor deposition. The glass plate of optical quality can be anti-reflective on both sides to avoid residual reflections. For better adaptation to the different operating modes and devices, the transition between the central region 15 and the outer region 16 is approximately continuous with regard to the weakening of light. For this purpose, the edge of the opaque coating of a translucent plate, i.e. the edge of the central region 15 jagged in a star shape according to FIG. 2. If the iris diaphragm 13 completely or partially covers this star-shaped jagged edge, the adjustment of the iris diaphragm 13 results in a continuous increase or decrease in the total light absorption.

Besonders zweckmäßig ist es, wenn der zentrische Bereich 15 ge­mäß Fig. 2 einen sternförmig gezackten Rand entsprechend einem regelmäßigen Achteck hat.It is particularly expedient if the central region 15 according to FIG. 2 has a star-shaped serrated edge corresponding to a regular octagon.

Im Zusammenspiel zwischen der Filterscheibe 14 und der Iris­blende 13 ergibt sich ein großer Dynamikbereich, wobei extrem kleine Blendenöffnungen vermieden werden. Eine Filterscheibe reicht dabei für alle Betriebsarten aus.The interaction between the filter disk 14 and the iris diaphragm 13 results in a large dynamic range, with extremely small diaphragm openings being avoided. One filter disc is sufficient for all operating modes.

Claims (1)

Röntgendiagnostikvorrichtung mit einer Bildverstärker-Fernseh­kette (4, 7, 8) und einer Irisblende (13) im Strahlengang zwi­schen dem Bildverstärker-Ausgangsschirm und einem Bildaufnah­mesystem (7), wobei die Filterscheibe (14) von einer licht­durchlässigen Platte mit einem lichtundurchlässigen, zentri­schen Bereich (15) gebildet ist, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der lichtundurchlässige Bereich (15) einen sternförmig gezackten Rand aufweist.X-ray diagnostic device with an image intensifier television chain (4, 7, 8) and an iris diaphragm (13) in the beam path between the image intensifier output screen and an image recording system (7), the filter disc (14) being covered by a translucent plate with an opaque, central area ( 15) is formed, characterized in that the opaque region (15) has a star-shaped serrated edge.
EP88115497A 1987-10-06 1988-09-21 X-ray diagnostic apparatus with an image intensifier television system Withdrawn EP0310865A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8713430U 1987-10-06
DE8713430 1987-10-06
DE8807444U DE8807444U1 (en) 1987-10-06 1988-06-07
DE8807444U 1988-06-07

Publications (1)

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EP0310865A1 true EP0310865A1 (en) 1989-04-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88115497A Withdrawn EP0310865A1 (en) 1987-10-06 1988-09-21 X-ray diagnostic apparatus with an image intensifier television system

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EP (1) EP0310865A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0168011U (en)
DE (1) DE8807444U1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4130050A1 (en) * 1991-09-10 1993-03-18 Siemens Ag X=ray image intensifier with filter and CCD imager - provides for selective insertion and retraction of suitably coloured optical filter between tube and photoelectric converter

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4102445C1 (en) * 1991-01-28 1992-03-05 Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4185198A (en) * 1976-07-08 1980-01-22 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Means for generating an X-ray exposure command in response to a video signal component
DE2846295A1 (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-05-08 Siemens Ag X=ray intensifier television device having fibre optic with shutter - with electrically controllable transparency between image source and camera tube
GB2111236A (en) * 1981-12-04 1983-06-29 Elliott Bros Lens system having bullseye filter
EP0193444A1 (en) * 1985-02-12 1986-09-03 Thomson-Cgr Radiology apparatus with compensation in an optical imaging path
EP0200623A1 (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-05 Thomson-Cgr Radiological apparatus
FR2582502A1 (en) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-05 Thomson Cgr Radiology installation with global compensator placed in an optical path of the image

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4185198A (en) * 1976-07-08 1980-01-22 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Means for generating an X-ray exposure command in response to a video signal component
DE2846295A1 (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-05-08 Siemens Ag X=ray intensifier television device having fibre optic with shutter - with electrically controllable transparency between image source and camera tube
GB2111236A (en) * 1981-12-04 1983-06-29 Elliott Bros Lens system having bullseye filter
EP0193444A1 (en) * 1985-02-12 1986-09-03 Thomson-Cgr Radiology apparatus with compensation in an optical imaging path
EP0200623A1 (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-05 Thomson-Cgr Radiological apparatus
FR2582502A1 (en) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-05 Thomson Cgr Radiology installation with global compensator placed in an optical path of the image

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4130050A1 (en) * 1991-09-10 1993-03-18 Siemens Ag X=ray image intensifier with filter and CCD imager - provides for selective insertion and retraction of suitably coloured optical filter between tube and photoelectric converter

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DE8807444U1 (en) 1989-02-02
JPH0168011U (en) 1989-05-01

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