EP0342389A2 - Method and device for sorting old glass - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and device (10) for sorting old bottle glass is proposed, the stream of material being separated into small material (14) and large material (12) and the latter being distributed in a section to individual transport paths (20-27) and being moved thereon separated in succession past individual stations (28-30) which are each provided with a recognition device (41) and assigned ejection device (42) and which stations select the large material (12) per station and setting according to colours in the colour sequence brown, white and green, debris and similar non-transparent parts remaining at the end. The selection per station occurs by overlapping colour recognition devices (43) and light barriers (44). Each ejection device (42) ejects transversely to the transport direction and, in this process, is moved in the same direction into the output position. The transport paths have swinging conveying devices. The small material (14) is selected in a separate section initially according to mixed glass on the one hand and debris and similar non-transparent materials on the other which are carried off. In the next stage, the mixed glass is selected according to white glass on the one hand and a mixture of green and brown glass on the other. <IMAGE>

Description

21. The invention relates to a method and a device for sorting waste glass according to the preamble of claims 1 and 21, respectively.

A method and a device of this type are known (DE-OS 31 19 329), in which the detection devices per station are merely formed from color detection devices which are placed on one side of the transport path and on the same side as one transverse to Transport direction working, reciprocating slide as ejector. Here, the large material is to pass through stations in parallel as they pass individual transport tracks arranged in parallel, in which first white glass, then brown glass and then green glass are to be recognized and separated from the mass flow. The remaining part of the mass flow, which cannot be identified in terms of color, is to be received in a container at the end of the transport path and used again as a mixing glass. Practice has shown that a device of this type does not allow reliable selection of brown glass and also of white glass with the respective cleanliness and color fastness, that of the re-used Industry. It cannot even be guaranteed that no waste or the like in the discarded material. opaque parts, such as ceramic materials or other parts that are dangerous for new hollow glasses, are contained. Even the material collected in the end, which cannot be identified in terms of color, can contain all possible other constituents that make it impossible to use it as a mixed glass, so that these remaining materials can in no way be reused in this form, but a further elaborate selection that is used by the large quantities can hardly be justified with economic effort, must be subjected.

The invention has for its object to provide a method and a device for sorting waste glass of the type mentioned, which allows a clean selection of brown glass and white glass with the required color fastness in the large material and at the same time high conveying speeds and mass throughputs per unit time.

The object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous further developments of this method result from method claims 2 - 20.

The object is further achieved by the features in the characterizing part of claim 21. Advantageous further developments of the device according to claim 21 result from claims 22-54.

With the method and the device according to the invention it is achieved with simple means that both brown glass and white glass are sorted out absolutely cleanly and with the required color fastness in the large material, and this in an automatic process with high transport speeds and resulting large mass throughputs. It is thus possible to automatically and reproducibly and reliably sort large quantities of waste hollow glass by means of this method and the device into those components which can be fed directly to industrial recycling. The respective detection devices for each station that passes through the large material guarantee that the outgoing signal - without generating any scattered light and the resulting error signal - detects the respective part exactly and reliably, so that it is detected in the correct station, almost simultaneously with the detection or at least only ejected a short time later. The fact that in the mass flow the large material is first selected in the individual stations for colors brown, white and green or in a different order of these colors, results in a simple manner that in the remaining residual mass flow garbage and the like opaque parts that can not be reused , are included and are therefore discarded. This includes all contaminating components that cannot be recycled to glass. With the same reproducible precision and also high speed, thanks to the invention, the small material is also broken down and sorted just as precisely into individual reusable color components of the hollow glass. The device is simple, inexpensive and, moreover, has a modular structure, so that the throughput quantities and the desired plant designs can be put together in a variable manner according to the user's wishes. The invention Ejector device works reliably and above all quickly since it does not require a return stroke directed in the opposite direction to the ejection movement for the return to the starting position. Instead, the movement takes place in a single direction, this movement meaning for an ejector finger ejection function and for the next ejector finger positioning in the ready-to-throw starting position, in which this ejector finger is placed closely adjacent to the passing large material. If the ejector device receives an ejection impulse from the detection device, the ejector finger immediately releases the ejector finger without having to travel long distances, for example to first approach the ejector organ to the material part to be ejected. Since the ejector device only performs a batch movement in one direction, for example, it is more accessible to a corresponding drive and control. Both are easier to do. This enables higher cycle times and thus higher throughputs per unit of time to be achieved. The conveyor tracks provided with vibratory conveyors of the type according to the invention also contribute to the fact that high conveyor speeds are possible. In addition, they ensure smooth running, so that the surroundings experience practically no noise pollution.

Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following description.

The full wording of the claims is not reproduced above solely to avoid unnecessary repetition, but instead is referred to only by mentioning the claim numbers, whereby, however, all of these claim features are to be regarded as being explicitly disclosed at this point and essential to the invention. All the features mentioned in the above and the following description are further components of the invention, even if they are not particularly emphasized and in particular are not mentioned in the claims.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Draufsicht einer Einrichtung zum Sortieren von Altglas, und zwar der wichtigsten Teile der für die Behandlung von Großmaterial bestimmten Sektion,
• Fig. 2 und 3 jeweils einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie II - II bzw. III -III in Fig. 1 mit teilweiser Seitenansicht und in abweichendem Maßstab,
• Fig. 4 einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV - IV in Fig. 3,
• Fig. 5 einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie V - V in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 6 eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung VI in Fig. 3,
• Fig. 7 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Auswerfereinrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 8 eine schematische Draufsicht eines Teils der Einrichtung zum Sortieren von Altglas, und zwar der zum Sortieren von Kleinmaterial geeig­neten Sektion,
• Fig. 9 und 10 jeweils eine schematische, zum Teile geschnittene Ansicht der Sektion in Pfeilrichtung IX bzw. X in Fig. 8,
• Fig. 11, 12 und 13 jeweils einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Linie XI - XI bzw. XII - XII bzw. XIII - XIII in Fig. 8.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it:

• 1 is a schematic plan view of a device for sorting waste glass, namely the most important parts of the section intended for the treatment of large material,
• 2 and 3 are each a schematic section along the line II - II and III -III in Fig. 1 with a partial side view and on a different scale,
• 4 shows a schematic section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3,
• 5 shows a schematic section along the line V - V in FIG. 1,
• 6 is a partially sectioned view in the direction of arrow VI in Fig. 3,
• 7 shows a schematic side view of an ejector device according to a second exemplary embodiment,
• 8 shows a schematic top view of part of the device for sorting waste glass, specifically the section suitable for sorting small material,
• 9 and 10 are each a schematic, partially sectioned view of the section in the direction of arrow IX and X in Fig. 8,
• 11, 12 and 13 each show a schematic section along the line XI-XI or XII-XII or XIII-XIII in FIG. 8.

1-6 of a device 10 for sorting waste glass, in particular waste hollow glass, shows a section 11 which serves for the treatment of large material 12, and only a hint of a section 13 which serves for the treatment of small material 14 and which is in detail 8-13. For the sake of a better overview, the large material 12 and the small material 14 are mainly represented symbolically only with an arrow, which at the same time specifies the transport direction.

The device 10 is fed by means of a conventional conveyor, for example a conveyor belt 15, in the direction of the arrow (FIG. 2) with the material indicated by the arrow 16. The conveyor belt 15 can be preceded by at least one screening device, not shown, via which, for example, broken glass or the like is screened off from the mixture 16. In the mirror-image design of section 11 shown, two mutually parallel conveyor belts 15 are present. From these, the mix 16 is fed to a subsequent, suitably designed pre-separator 17, which separates the supplied mass flow into large material 12 on the one hand and small material 14 on the other. The small material 14 can, for example, first be fed to a receiving container 18 (FIG. 9) of the section 13 by means of a conveyor, or instead it is introduced directly into the section 13 by means of conveyor belts 19.

The treatment of the large material 12 in section 11 is first explained below with reference to FIGS. 1-7.

The large material 12 sorted out by means of the pre-separator 17 arrives via an inclined transport track 20 in the form e.g. of a conveyor belt onto a conveyor track 21 which distributes the large material 12. This extends across the conveyor track 20 and can e.g. be designed as a vibratory conveyor. At each end of the transport path 21, two mutually parallel and identical transport paths 22, 23 and 24, 25 are connected, each running parallel to one another. The transport tracks 22, 23 on the one hand and 24, 25 on the other hand are each of the same type and are arranged in mirror image to one another. They are each designed as vibratory conveyors. Further details are explained below in particular with reference to the transport track 23. In the transition area between each end of the transport track 21 and the transversely adjoining transport tracks 22, 23 and 24, 25 there is a distribution track 26 and 27, which is also designed as a vibratory conveyor, and a distribution of the incoming large material flow 12 between the transport tracks 22 and 23 or 24 and 25 causes. This is indicated schematically by the arrows of the distribution path 26 and 27 directed towards them.

The large material 12 transported forward on the transport path 23 in the transport direction has either already been occasionally fed by means of the distribution path 26 or is separated on the transport path 23. Each large piece of material 12 thus occupies its own place on the transport path 23 and lies there in such a way that no further part is located transversely to the transport direction, the next large pieces of material 12 being at a distance therefrom in the transport direction. If the large piece of material 12 consists of a bottle, it is located 3 there is shown on the transport path 23 a bottle with a smaller diameter than the large material part 12 and on the transport path 22 with a larger diameter bottle as the large material part 12.

Each transport track 22-25 is provided with individual stations 28, 29, 30 and 31 which are spaced apart from one another in the transport direction, as is indicated only schematically for the transport track 23. The large material 12 is occasionally moved on the transport tracks 22-25 past the individual stations 28, 29 and 30, with colored material of a particular color being separated from the mass flow and removed in each station. In the embodiment shown, the structure and the order of the stations 28-30 are selected so that brown glass is first sorted out and removed from the mass flow of the large material 12 in the station 28, and is absolutely clean and colourfast, which is due to the corresponding structure and setting of the Station 28 is effected. The station 29 is designed in such a way that white glass is separated and discharged from the remaining and passed mass flow of the large material 12, here too, due to the design and setting of the station 29, great color fastness can be achieved and it is ensured that no ceramic parts in between and, depending on the setting, even the whitest white can be separated. The station 30 is used to select green glass and further mixed glass of other colors from the remaining mass flow of the large material 12, which has not previously been separated and removed in the stations 28 and 29.

Thereafter, of the mass flow after passing through the station 30, only the portion which contains garbage and the like opaque parts remains, which at the end of the Transport path 23 occur in the station 31 and are released into a receiving device 32 there. A transport track, for example a conveyor belt, can be connected to this for the removal.

The station 28 is thus constructed and set such that it only selects brown glass from the mass flow of the large material 12, and this is absolutely true to color and clean, with all other material parts of the mass flow passing through the station 28. The station 29 is constructed and set in such a way that white glass contained in the mass flow passed by is separated out absolutely cleanly and colourfast, all other constituents, including ceramic particles, refuse or the like, which are carried in the mass flow, pass through this station 29 without there to contaminate the discarded white glass. The station 30 is designed and set in such a way that green glass and mixed glass of other types of glass are selected from the remaining mass flow, the rest of the mass flow remaining thereafter, which mainly contains refuse, other opaque material or the like, in the station 31 of the receiving device 32 is received there.

If only green glass and not additionally any other mixed glass are to be selected in the area of station 30, station 30 is constructed and set such that only green glass is selected by means of this and the remaining other mixed glass remains in the mass flow and then by means of a further, downstream one and the station, not shown, is removed and removed from the mass flow, whereupon in the station 31 only refuse and the like. Non-translucent material is collected and discharged. This means that it is also possible to convert to the selection of pure green glass in a simple manner.

The transport tracks 21-25 and the distribution tracks 26 and 27, along which the large material 12 is moved, are each designed as vibratory conveyors. This is indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by the fact that a linear vibratory conveyor, which represents an oscillating drive, is shown in dashed lines below this transport path and is generally designated 33 for all transport paths.

Each station 28, 29 and 30 is associated with a receiving device 34 or 35 or 36, in which the color material separated from the mass flow of the large material 12 is received, with similar recording devices which pick out separated glass material of the same color via not shown Transport devices, e.g. Conveyor belts are connected to one another, by means of which the glass material which is in each case separated out is fed to large containers which are not shown any further.

The pre-separator 17 is designed in such a way that parts are sorted out as small material 14 whose diameter and / or edge length is less than about 5 cm to 7 cm, e.g. smaller than 5.5 cm.

Details of the transport tracks 21-25 and distribution tracks 26 and 27, each configured as vibratory conveying devices, are illustrated below with reference to FIGS. 4-6. The transport track 23 has a channel defined by an angle plate with a bottom 37 and a wall 38, which can be at least slightly inclined with the bottom 37 out of the horizontal by raising the right side of the bottom 37 in FIG. 3, thereby ensuring that large material 12 transported along the transport path 23 is, if possible, forced into the corner region between the floor 37 and the wall 38 and, if possible, is guided and bears against both. At least the floor 37 - if desired also the wall 38 - is provided with a covering 39 which at least essentially has rigid bristles 40, for example made of plastic, which protrude and form a support for the large material 12. The bristles 40 of the coverings 39 are inclined in the direction of the desired transport direction, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 5 and 6. The direction of transport is symbolized there by arrow 12 for the large material.

Each station 28, 29 and 30 is provided with a recognition device 41 and associated ejector device 42, which is only illustrated for station 28 below with the aid of FIGS. 3-6 and by means of which the respective colored material can be selected from the mass flow of the large material 12, ie in the Station 28 brown glass. The detection device 41 of the station 28 is provided with a color detection device 43 and / or light barrier 44 which is only indicated schematically and which is superimposed here and combined to form a structural unit and is therefore only shown symbolically separated from one another and provided with different reference numerals. The color detection device 43 and the light barrier 44 are each provided with at least one transmitting device 43a or 44a and an associated receiving device 43b or 44b. The transmitting device 43a, 44a is arranged below the transport path 23 and the receiving device 43b, 44b at a distance above the transport path 23, the position and distance being selected such that the receiving device 43b, 44b does not interfere in this area. The transport path 23, namely both the floor 37 and the covering 39, is provided in the floor area which is hit by the detection beam 45 emanating from the transmitting device 43a, 44a, with an opening 46 which allows it to pass through and which is designed, for example, as an elongated hole . The transmitting device 43a, 44a and the associated receiving device 43b, 44b are together in one line of alignment aligned, which is predetermined by the course of the identified detection beam 45, the arrangement being such that this alignment line 45 is inclined to the right by an acute angle with respect to a vertical in FIG. 3 approximately perpendicular to the plane of the floor 37, for example is on the order of about 30 ^o . The detection beam 45 intersects the plane of the tips of the bristles 50 approximately one third of the total width of the base 37, measured from the corner on the left, to which the approximately vertical wall 38 adjoins. In addition, this alignment line of the transmitting device 43a, 44a and receiving device 43b, 44b predetermined by the detection beam 45 is inclined at an acute angle with respect to the vertical against the transport direction according to arrow 12 in FIG. 6, which is, for example, about 15 ^o Fig. 6 shows. The components of the color recognition device 43 and light barrier 44 are thus placed obliquely in the room. This prevents contamination and any specular reflections from a part that passes through station 28. The outgoing signal according to the identification beam 45 passes through the large material part 12 without any stray light and a false signal which may be caused thereby. This applies to the light barrier 44 as well as to the color recognition device 43. Both are illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6 in such a way that their respective transmitting devices 43a, 44a and receiving devices 43b, 44b are each combined to form one structural unit. In another, not shown and particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment, the transmitting devices and the receiving devices of the color recognition device 43 and the light barrier 44, on the other hand, are each independent parts and placed separately. It is particularly advantageous if the respective transmitting device 43a and receiving device 43b of the color recognition device 43 are arranged separately and in a mirror image of the transmitting device 44a and receiving device 44b of the light barrier 44. Then the crosses Detection beam 45 of the color detection device 43, on the other hand, a mirror-image detection beam of the light barrier 44 in the area of the plane of the tips of the bristles 40 and thereby in the area of the opening 46. With this mirror-image arrangement of the components of the color detection device 43 on the one hand and the light barrier 44 on the other hand, there is any risk of any mutual interference leaning forward.

The color detection device 43 is only indicated schematically with regard to the components described. It has sensors and is set in the station 28 so that the color recognition device 43 recognizes and selects brown glass from the mass flow of the large material 12 passing by, with great color fastness and as cleanly as such amber glass is required for recycling by industry . The light barrier 44 works e.g. in the infrared range. It can have glass fiber light guides. This is also set to the selection of brown glass in station 28.

In the way in which the station 28 is provided with a detection device 41 set up for the selection of brown glass, the other stations 29 and 30 are also equipped with corresponding detection devices, consisting of a color detection device and an associated light barrier, this determining the stations are constructed and adjusted accordingly so that white glass is selected in the station 29 color-fast and with great accuracy from the mass flow carried past and in the same way in the station 30 green glass and other translucent glass of other colors and types are selected from the remaining mass flow is selected.

The ejector device 42 of the station 28 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. The ejector device 42 has individual ejector members 48 which are held on a carrier 47 at, for example, the same distance from each other and project from it and which strive approximately finger-like and are therefore also referred to below as ejector fingers. The carrier 47 here consists of a vertical circular disk carrying the radially directed ejector fingers 48 and is driven in rotation about a rotation axis 49, for example essentially parallel to the direction of transport according to arrow 12, by means of a drive 50, the drive being carried out batchwise and always in one direction, which points here in the counterclockwise direction according to arrow 51. The ejector fingers 48 are moved by the drive 50 in the arrow direction 51 transversely to the transport path 23 when the carrier 47 is actuated, the respective part currently in the station 28 and recognized by the detection device 41 as a material part 12 to be discarded transversely to the transport direction according to arrow 12 of FIG the transport path 23 is dropped. As shown, an ejector finger 48 is stored in its ready-to-eject starting position within an opening 52 of the laterally projecting wall 38. The width of each ejector finger 48 and that of the opening 52 are matched to one another in such a way that an ejector finger 48 stored in the opening 52 in its ejecting starting position at least approximately fills the opening 52 and there forms a wall part practically completing the wall 38, so that large material 12 moved past it cannot get caught on it. Each ejector finger 48 has a thickness that approximately corresponds to the cross section of the wall 38 and a width that is preferably larger than the thickness, as shown in FIG. 4. Seen within the plane of the wall 38, each ejector finger 48 thus has an approximately plate shape. The width can also be chosen larger than shown. It understands that the ejector 42 of the station 28 and the components of the recognition device 41, in particular the color recognition device 43 and the light barrier 44, of this station are spatially arranged such that they do not interfere with one another, in particular the ejector 42 does not touch the receiving devices 43b and 44b.

On the right in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the transport path 23 there is a wall 43 delimiting the transport path 23 there, which together with the floor 37 encloses an angle greater than 90 ^° and is thus inclined from the bottom upwards and outwards. In this wall 53 in the area of each station 28, 29 and 30 there is a delivery opening 54, the size of which is selected to be as large as the largest possible separated and to be discarded large material part 12. Since it can be assumed that lying and not broken bottles are also conveyed along as large material 12, the size of the discharge opening 54 measured in the transport direction is selected to be larger than the largest possible bottle size to be expected.

In the exemplary embodiment of the ejector device 42 shown, the ejector fingers 48 are moved batchwise and in such a way that an ejector finger 48 stored in the opening 52 throws off the large material part 12 to be thrown in each case transversely to the direction of transport and at the same time a next ejector finger in the same direction according to arrow 51 is moved into its throw-ready starting position in the opening 52, as shown in FIG. 4.

In another embodiment, not shown, the ejector fingers are in the same way by means of a carrier along a straight path or another arc-shaped path deviating from a circular arc path moved in batches. The path can be chosen, for example, following an ellipse section, a parabola section or another curve section. In Fig. 7, a modified embodiment of an ejector 42 'is shown schematically, in which the carrier 47' or the like as a double-deflected chain, belt, band. Endless element is formed on which the projecting individual ejector fingers 48 'are held. The carrier 47 'designed in this way in the form of a chain is guided at both deflecting ends via a sprocket 55, 56, of which the latter is driven in batches by means of a drive 50' in the direction of the arrow 51 'when the assigned detection device generates a drive pulse on the drive 50 'there.

The other section 13 of the device 10, by means of which small material 14 is selected, is explained below with reference to FIGS. 8-13.

The small material symbolized by arrow 14 is first fed, for example, by means of conveyor belts 19 and deflected via a distribution track 57 designed as a vibrating conveyor device and fed to a linear vibrating conveyor device 58. A long side of the linear vibratory conveyor 58 is followed by a plurality of individual obliquely downwardly directed vibratory conveyors 59 which have individual conveyor troughs 60, a plurality of oblique vibratory conveyor devices 59 each being combined to form a plate which has, for example, seven conveyor troughs 60. The small material 14 brought in is conveyed and separated in the longitudinal direction by means of the linear vibratory conveyor 58 and - as indicated by right-angled arrows 61 - from there distributed to the individual connected, obliquely downwardly directed vibratory conveyors 59 with individual conveyor troughs 60 and down to the bottom End of each individual conveyor trough 60 transported. The small material 14 is also isolated in this way. Each conveyor trough 60 directed obliquely downwards forms a transport path which, in the same way as the transport paths 21-25 and distribution paths 26 and 27, on the floor 37 and also on the wall 38, which is approximately angled on one side, with a covering 39 with projecting bristles 40 are provided, as indicated only in FIGS. 11-13 and in FIG. 9 on the right. Fig. 11 shows that the bristles 40 of the coating 39 in Fig. 11 are directed obliquely at the top in the transport direction according to arrow 61, so that the small material 14 is guided in the arrow direction 61 onto the conveyor troughs 60, and that the remaining part of the bristles 40 in Direction of the longitudinal course of the linear vibratory conveyor 58 is directed so that these bristles 40 transported small material 14 in the longitudinal direction. This is illustrated in FIG. 12, where this longitudinal transport direction is marked with arrow 14 for the small material.

FIG. 9 shows on the right a single conveyor trough 60 which, in accordance with the section in FIG. 13, is provided with an illustrated covering 39 in the region of the bottom 37 and the wall 38. At the lower end of this conveyor trough, a detection device 41 is provided for this conveyor trough 60, which here only consists of a light barrier 44, which has a transmitting device 44a and a receiving device 44b. The transmitting device 44a and receiving device 44b of the light barrier 44 is inclined in the same way as shown in FIG. 6 in the transport direction of the small material 14 in relation to the line running at right angles to the floor 37 in the transport direction by an acute angle, which can be, for example, in the order of 15 ^o . The detection beam 45, which emanates from the transmitting device 44a and is directed towards the receiving device 44b, is therefore not at right angles to the floor 37, but instead runs obliquely in the transport direction. If necessary, everyone is at the bottom Conveyor trough 60 placed several such light barriers 44 next to one another transversely to the transport direction, which practically form a light barrier curtain.

At a distance from the light barrier 44 and the lower end of each conveyor trough 60, a deflection flap 63 is arranged for each conveyor trough 60 and is pivotable about an approximately horizontal axis 62 and can be actuated by a drive in the form of a pneumatic cylinder 64 as a function of a pulse supplied by the detection device 41 . The deflector flap 63 together with its associated pneumatic cylinder 64 and the detection device 41 are held by means of a holding device 65 and adjustable in height. In the approximately vertical position shown in solid lines in FIG. 9, the deflector flap 63 is in its starting position, which the deflector flap 63 then assumes and maintains when no pulse acting on the pneumatic cylinder 64 comes from the detection device 41, ie when the light barrier 44 is not interrupted. If, on the other hand, the light barrier 44 is interrupted, it actuates the pneumatic cylinder 64, which swivels the deflection flap 63 in the direction of the arrow 66 about the axis 62 in the counterclockwise direction forward into the position indicated by dashed lines. In this rejection position, the deflection flap 63 is able to reject small material 14 located at the end of the conveyor trough 60, which consists of refuse or the like. Opaque material and has caused the light barrier 44 to be interrupted, in the direction of the dashed arrow 67 and into an associated one to guide the underlying receptacle 68 into which this material falls. The receptacle 68 can be common to several conveyor lines 60 or can run over all conveyor lines 60 and can be connected to a conveyor track 69, e.g. B. a conveyor belt, in connection via which the opaque material selected in this way is transported away in the direction of arrow 70. Immediately after pivoting the deflector flap 63 into the dashed deflection position, the deflector flap 63 is activated by means of the pneumatic cylinder 64 Returned to the vertical starting position, in which the deflector flap 63 in turn remains until an actuation pulse is again exerted by the pneumatic cylinder 64 when the light barrier 44 breaks through opaque material. In the vertical starting position of the deflector flap 63, this is either ineffective or at least only so effective that small material 14 discharged at the lower end of the conveyor trough 60 in the direction of arrow 71 either first into a receptacle 72 or immediately onto a transport path 73, for. B. is given in the form of a conveyor belt. The receptacle 72 and in particular the transport path 73 extends along the lower ends of all inclined conveying troughs 60 and is common to them, so that the conveying path 73 receives all of the small material of the conveying troughs 60 which are opaque during the selection and removal of debris or the like is left. This is mixed glass 74 freed from it, also indicated by the corresponding arrow.

The mixing glass 74 is transported away via the transport path 73 leading obliquely from bottom to top and fed to a linear vibratory conveyor device 76 via a distribution path 75. The distribution path 75 and linear vibratory conveyor 76 is constructed analogously to those 57 and 58, respectively. On the lower longitudinal side in FIG. 8 of the linear vibratory conveyor 76 there is a large number of individual obliquely downwardly directed vibratory conveyors 77, which are designed analogously to that 59 and also have individual conveyor troughs 78, each of which, like each conveyor trough 60, is in each case at the lower end has a detection device 41 in the form of a light barrier 44 with a transmitting device 44a and receiving device 44b and a deflection flap 63 with an associated pneumatic cylinder 64 on a holding device 65. At the end of each conveyor trough 78, the transported and separated mixed glass 74 is selected for white glass 79 on the one hand and a mixture 80 of green glass and amber glass on the other hand, each for both Weil assigned receptacles 81 and 82 may be provided or instead the white glass 79 or the mixture 80 of green and amber glass directly onto assigned transport tracks 83 and 84, z. B. conveyor belts, is routed through which the derivation takes place.

As can be seen, the device 10 is used to select the large material 12 in the area of the respective recognition device 41 by superimposing the respective color recognition devices 43 on the one hand and light barriers 44 on the other hand. Colored material, in particular in the order of the colors brown, white and green, is selected from the large material 12 in the stations 28 or 29 or 30 and only then, at the end, as a remaining part of the mass flow of the large material 12 remaining debris and the like. Non-translucent parts are collected in the area of the station 31 and the receiving device 32 there or are immediately removed by means of a conveyor belt. In this way it is achieved that first in the station 28 absolutely clean and colourfast brown glass is separated from the mass flow of the large material 12 and transported away, in the colourfastness and quality required by the industry. Furthermore, it is ensured in this way that white glass with high color fastness is selected in the subsequent station 29 from the remaining mass flow which is also free of ceramics. By adjusting the individual recognition devices 41 in the stations 28 and 29 accordingly, the color purity can be adjusted brown or white to the respective specifications, e.g. B. so that the brown spectrum for brown glass to be sorted out even narrower and the white spectrum can also be chosen correspondingly narrower down to the whitest white. In station 30, glass with green color and mixed glass of other colors that have not been sorted out are separated from the remaining mass flow by means of the detection device 41 there. If necessary, a separation can also be carried out in this station of pure green glass and the selection of mixed glass of other glass types and colors in a downstream further station, if this is required. In the end, garbage and the like opaque material remain. The arrangement and design of the individual transport tracks 21-25 and distribution tracks 26 and 27 and the special design of the covering 39 with bristles 40 achieve high conveying speeds and thus large mass throughputs with reliable separation of the individual material parts. These rest quietly on the bristles 40 and are damped with regard to their movement. This results in great smoothness and low noise without noise pollution from the environment, and this at extremely high conveying speeds. Throughputs in the order of several tons per hour can be achieved. It is also advantageous that by means of the detection devices 41, both in the case of the large material 12 and the small material 14, with high accuracy and reliability, garbage and other non-translucent parts, especially also ceramic materials and other parts which are dangerous for newly manufactured hollow glasses , can be separated. The detection devices 41 are designed in such a way that their analog or digital outputs each provide easily evaluable signals in relation to the type of material to be sorted, so that reliable output signals are always generated. Since the ejector 42 works with the ejector fingers 48 per station 28, 29 and 30 so that in the selection per station 28, 29 and 30 the ejection takes place in one direction, namely the drive direction according to arrows 51 and 51 ', the movement of the ejector finger 48 in their ejection-ready starting position in the same direction according to arrow 51 or 51 ', there is no opposite return movement in the starting position, which could otherwise delay or hinder the further transport of the large material 12 in the transport direction. Rather, each ejector finger 48 is ge in the ready position for ejection outside the area of the respective transport path 23 brings. Since each ejector finger 48 is in this position approximately congruent with the wall 38 and thus close to the respective large material 12 passing through the station 28, 29 or 30, the ejection path for the ejector finger 48 to be traversed in the event of an ejection to be carried out is extremely small. This enables short cycle times for the batch-wise movement of the ejector device 42. If each ejector finger 48, viewed in the direction of transport, is approximately plate-shaped and thus of substantial width, then the safety is increased even in the direction of transport of the smallest large pieces of material 12 then across this by means of this ejector finger 48 Eject the transport direction through the discharge opening 54 if, when passing through the detection device 41, a corresponding impulse is passed from it to the drive 50 of the ejector device 42 and the ejector device is thereby advanced by one step in the drive direction 51. The fact that the individual components of the color recognition device 43 and light barrier 44 of each individual recognition device 41 present for each station 28, 29 and 30 are arranged obliquely in space in the manner described, prevents any scattered rays and the resulting false signals. Rather, it is ensured that the detection device 41 detects each individual material part with great accuracy and sorts it out via the assigned ejector device 42, which is actually to be detected per station 28, 29 and 30 and setting.

When the small material 14 is selected by means of the section 13, selection is first made in stages according to mixed glass 74 on the one hand and rubbish and the like opaque material on the other hand. In a next stage, the mixed glass is then selected according to white glass 79 on the one hand and a mixture 80 of green and amber glass and glass having other colors on the other hand. If this is desired, a further selection of the mixture 80 according to amber glass on the one hand and glass containing green glass and other colors can be selected in a further, appropriately designed stage on the part of. It is particularly advantageous that the respective small material 14 is detected at the end of the individual sloping feed channels 60 and 78 by means of light barriers 44 there, at least one per feed channel 60 and 78, at the moment when the small material 14 is still at least partially rests on the transport path of the conveyor trough 60 or 78 and already protrudes freely therefrom with a part that has passed through the detection beam 45, so that this material part can be passed through the detection beam 45. This ensures a high level of accuracy in the detection and selection of the small material 14, so that ultimately, with extremely high accuracy, selection of white glass 79 on the one hand and a mixture 80 consisting of green glass, amber glass and other colors containing glass, on the other hand, is possible and any debris or the like. Opaque parts thereof can be split off from the outset in the first selection stage.

The device 10 has a modular structure with regard to its individual components, as a result of which throughput quantities and the system design can be put together variably as desired.

Claims (54)

1. A method for sorting waste glass, in which one first separates the mass flow supplied into large material (12) on the one hand and small material (14) on the other hand, then distributes the large material (12) onto individual transport tracks (20 - 27) and sporadically on them one after the other individual stations (28-30) are moved past, each provided with a detection device (41) and an associated ejector device (42) and select the large material (12) according to its colors, characterized in that the selection of the large material (12) in Area of the respective recognition device (41) by light barriers (44) and / or color recognition devices (43), then preferably both superimposed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that from the bulk material (12), first colored material, brown in particular in the order of colors, white and green, selected, and only then, preferably at the end, od debris. Like. Opaque parts selected. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that from the large material (12) and / or small material (14) colored or the like. Translucent parts with sensors that detect these colors, having color detection devices (43) selected. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that by means of the light barriers (44) for large material (12) and / or separated small material (14) opaque parts, for. B. ceramic materials and / or other, dangerous for newly manufactured hollow glass parts separated. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4 , characterized in that light barriers (44) operating in the infrared range are used. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that one uses glass fiber light guides having light barriers (44). 7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that for the selection of the large material (12) and / or small material (14) such light barriers (44) are used, the analog or digital output of which can be easily evaluated in relation to the signal Type of material to be sorted. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that in the selection of the large material (12) for each station (28 - 30) such ejector devices (42) are used, which in a direction (51, 51 ') transverse to Eject the conveyor track (22 - 25) and move it in the same direction (51, 51 ') to its ready position for ejection. 9. The method of claim 8, characterized in that each ejector (42) for ejecting and taking the ejection starting position ready intermittently along a straight or arcuate path (51, 51 ') is moved in one direction. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that each ejector device (42) is rotated along a circular arc path (51) or circumferentially along an otherwise curved path (51). 11. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that a forwards and backwards swinging deflector flap (63) is used in the selection of the small material (14). 12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the transport tracks (21-27, 57-60, 75-78) along which the large material (12) and / or small material (14) is moved, at least wherever selections are researched, provided with vibratory conveyors. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the vibratory conveyors are provided with coverings (39) which have projecting bristles (40) forming a support for the material (12, 14). 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that one uses coverings (39) with plastic bristles (40). 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that one uses coverings (39), the bristles (40) are inclined in the direction of the desired transport direction. 16. The method according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that in the separation of large material (12) and small material (14) such parts that are larger than about 5 cm to 7 cm in diameter and / or edge length are classified as large material (12) and parts that are smaller in comparison as small material (14) and selected. 17. The method according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that the small material (14) is first selected according to mixed glass (74) on the one hand and garbage and the like. Opaque material on the other hand. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that in the small material (14) the separated mixed glass (74) in a subsequent further stage after white glass (79) on the one hand and a mixture (80) of green, brown and other colors glass on the other selected. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that in the small material (14) the mixture (80) is separated in a further, downstream stage after amber glass on the one hand and green glass on the other. 20. The method according to any one of claims 17 - 19, characterized in that the small material (14) is detected at the end of at least one, preferably obliquely downward, transport path (60, 78) by means of at least one light barrier (44) at the moment, in which the Small material (14) still at least partially rests on the transport path (60, 78) and projects freely with a part that can be crossed by the detection beam (45). 21. Device for sorting waste glass, with a pre-separator (17), by means of which the mass flow supplied is separated into large material (12) on the one hand and small material (14) on the other hand, with individual downstream transport tracks (20 - 27) on which the separated large material (12) and on which this (12) is separated in the direction of transport, and with individual stations (28 - 30) which are spaced apart in the direction of transport and past which the separated large material (12) is moved, each station (28 - 30) is provided with a detection device (41) and an associated ejector device (42), by means of which colored material can be selected from the large material (12), in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or following, characterized in that the transport tracks ( 21-27, 57-60, 75-78) along which the large material (12) and / or small material (14) is moved, at least where selections are made of this material, are each designed as vibratory conveyors. 22. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that the vibratory conveying devices are provided with coverings (39) which have bristles (40) which protrude and form a support for the material (12, 14). 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the coverings (39) have plastic bristles (40). 24. The device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the bristles (40) of the pads (39) are at least substantially rigid. 25. Device according to one of claims 22 - 24, characterized in that the bristles (40) of the coverings (39) are inclined in the direction of the desired transport direction. 26. Device according to one of claims 21 - 25, characterized in that the pre-separator (17) is designed such that such parts are sorted out as small material (14) whose diameter and / or edge length are smaller than about 5 cm to 7 cm is. 27. Device according to one of claims 21 - 26, characterized in that the individual stations (28 - 30) for selection of the large material (12) as the detection device (41) each have light barriers (44) and / or color detection devices (43), then preferably both overlaid. 28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the color recognition devices (43) have sensors which detect the colors of white glass, amber glass and green glass. 29. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the light barriers (44) of the detection devices (41) for large material (12) and / or small material (14) work in the infrared range. 30. Device according to one of claims 27 - 29, characterized in that the light barriers (44) have glass fiber light guides. 31. Device according to one of claims 27 - 30, characterized in that the light barriers (44) and / or the color detection devices (43) for selecting the large material (12) per station (28 - 30) at least one transmitting device (43a or 44a ) and a receiving device (43b or 44b), the transmitting device (43a, 44a) below the transport path (22-25) and the receiving device (43b, 44b) at a distance above the transport path (22-25) and the Transport path (22-25) has an opening (46) which allows it to pass through, at least in the floor area which is hit by the detection beam (45) emanating from the transmitting device (43a, 44a). 32. Device according to claim 31, characterized in that the transmitting device (43a, 44a) and associated receiving device (43b, 44b) are aligned together in an alignment line (45) and this alignment line (45) with respect to an approximately perpendicular to the floor plane vertical in the ejection direction at an acute angle, e.g. B. of about 30 ^o , inclined. 33. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that the alignment line (45) of the transmitting device (43a, 44a) and associated receiving device (43b, 44b) with respect to a vertical against the transport direction by an acute angle, for. B. of about 15 ^o , inclined. 34. Device according to one of claims 31 - 33, characterized in that at each station (28 - 30) the color recognition devices (43) and the light barriers (44) with their respective transmitting devices (43a, 44a) and their respective receiving devices (43b, 44b) are combined into one structural unit. 35. Device according to one of claims 31 - 33, characterized in that at each station (28 - 30) the color detection devices (43) and the light barriers (44) each independently and separately placed transmitting devices (43a, 44a) and receiving devices (43b, 44b). 36. Device according to claim 35, characterized in that the respective transmitting device (44a) and associated receiving device (44b) of a light barrier (44) is arranged in mirror image to the transmitting device (43a) and associated receiving device (43b) of a color recognition device (43). 37. Device according to one of claims 21 - 36, characterized in that each ejector device (42, 42 ') for large material (12) individual, on a carrier (47, 47') at preferably equal distances from each other and projecting ejector fingers ( 48, 48 ') which, when the ejector device (42, 42') is actuated, are moved transversely to the transport path (22-25) and the respective one located in the station (28-30) and to be thrown off by the detection device (41) Throw the material part (12) of the recognized part transversely to the transport direction from the transport path (22 - 25). 38. Apparatus according to claim 37, characterized in that a respective ejection fingers (48, 48 ') in the discharge prepare starting position into an opening (52) of a transport path (22 - 25) on one side bounding wall (38) superimposed and the opening (52) at least approximately fills and forms a wall part completing the wall (38) there. 39. Apparatus according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that the ejection fingers (48, 48 ') has a wall cross-section about the respective cross-sectional thickness and a cross-section in comparison with this thickness preferably have a larger width. 40. Device according to one of claims 21 - 39, characterized in that in the wall (53) delimiting the discharge side of the transport path (22-25) there is a delivery opening (54), the size of which is at least as large as the largest possible separated and to be discarded Large material part (12). 41. Device according to one of claims 37 - 40, characterized in that the carrier (47, 47 ') moves the ejector fingers (48, 48') along a straight and / or arcuate path in batches and in such a way that a in the opening ( 52) ejector fingers (48, 48 ') in storage eject the large material part (12) to be thrown transversely to the transport direction and a next ejector finger (48, 48') thereby in the same direction (51, 51 ') into its ready-to-throw starting position in the opening ( 52) is moved. 42. Device according to one of claims 37 - 41, characterized in that the carrier (47) with the individual ejector fingers (48) is driven in rotation about an axis of rotation (49) approximately parallel to the transport direction. 43. Device according to one of claims 37 - 42, characterized in that the carrier (47, 47 ') from a radial ejector finger (48) carrying circular disc or from a projecting ejector finger (48) and at least double-deflected chain, a belt , a band or the like. Is formed. 44. Device according to one of claims 21 - 43, characterized in that along each transport path (22 - 25) for selecting the large material (12) individual stations (28 - 30) are arranged at intervals from one another, by means of which colored parts, in particular in particular in the color sequence brown, white and green, from the large material (12) can be selected, and that at the end (31) of each transport track (22 -25) thereafter, the litter remaining after this separation and the like. opaque parts receiving device (32) is arranged. 45. Device according to one of claims 21 - 44, characterized in that the green glass sorting station (30) together therewith also sorts out other mixed glass, which was sorted out in the other stations (28, 29) neither as brown glass nor as white glass. 46. Device according to one of claims 21 - 44, characterized in that a station by means of which green glass can be sorted out and removed, and a further station at a distance therefrom is provided, by means of which mixed glass can be sorted out and removed from the mass flow, and that both stations of the receiving device (32) for refuse and the like. opaque parts are placed in front at the end (31). 47. Device according to one of claims 21 - 36, characterized in that each ejector device for small material (14) is formed from a swinging back and forth deflector flap (63). 48. Device according to claim 47, characterized in that each deflector flap (63) at a distance from the small material (14) emitting end of an associated, preferably obliquely downward, transport path (60, 78), in particular conveyor trough, and is arranged such that the deflector flap (63) is ineffective in its normally reset initial position or material (71 72, 74 or 79) released by the transport path (60 or 78) into a, for. B. located below, receiving device (72, 73 or 82, 83) and in one pivoted rejection position material (67 or 80) in another, z. B. located below, receiving device (68, 69 and 82, 84). 49. Device according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that each deflecting flap (63) is assigned a drive actuating this, in particular pneumatic cylinder (64). 50. Device according to one of claims 21 - 49, characterized in that the small material (14) is initially distributed by means of a vibrating conveyor (58) and is fed transversely to individual obliquely downward vibrating conveyor (59, 60) and that the small material (14 ) at the lower end of each vibratory conveyor (59, 60) by means of at least one light barrier (44) arranged there and assigned to a deflection flap (63), first sorted according to garbage and the like. opaque material on the one hand and mixed glass (74) on the other, the garbage or ... opaque material removed and the mixing glass (74) is fed to a next selection stage. 51. Device according to claim 50, characterized in that the at least one light barrier (44) in the small material (14) contained garbage or the like. Opaque parts and controls the drive (64) of the deflector flap (63), by means of which the deflector flap ( 63) can be moved into its swung-away position (66) which rejects these parts. 52. Device according to one of claims 47 - 51, characterized in that separated garbage and the like. Opaque parts are removed by means of a conveyor (68, 69) and separated mixed glass (74) is conveyed by means of a conveyor (72, 73) and by means of a vibratory conveyor (76) distributed and transversely to each one at an angle downwards directional vibratory conveyor devices (77, 78), in particular conveyor troughs, and that the mixing glass (74) at the lower end of the vibratory conveyor devices (77, 78), in particular conveyor troughs, by means of light barriers (44) and associated deflection flaps (63) according to white glass ( 79) on the one hand and a mixture (80) of green, brown and other colors of glass on the other hand sorted and respectively assigned receptacles (81, 83 and 82, 84) for this purpose. 53. Device according to one of claims 21 - 52, characterized in that the vibratory conveyors (57 - 60, 75 - 78) for the small material (14) from individual coverings (39) with bristles (40) having plates. 54. Device according to one of claims 21 - 53, characterized in that the obliquely downward vibrating conveyor devices (59, 77) are formed from individual coverings (39) with bristles (40) having plates, the individual adjacent and mutually parallel conveyor troughs (60-78), each of which contains coverings (39) which are provided with bristles (40) and are each provided at their end with at least one light barrier (44) and an associated deflector flap (63).

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