EP0345481B1 - Dispositif batteur pneumatique - Google Patents

Dispositif batteur pneumatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0345481B1
EP0345481B1 EP89108537A EP89108537A EP0345481B1 EP 0345481 B1 EP0345481 B1 EP 0345481B1 EP 89108537 A EP89108537 A EP 89108537A EP 89108537 A EP89108537 A EP 89108537A EP 0345481 B1 EP0345481 B1 EP 0345481B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
piston
knocker
space
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89108537A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0345481A2 (fr
EP0345481A3 (en
Inventor
Dietrich Kröger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Netter GmbH
Original Assignee
Netter GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0345481A2 publication Critical patent/EP0345481A2/fr
Publication of EP0345481A3 publication Critical patent/EP0345481A3/de
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Publication of EP0345481B1 publication Critical patent/EP0345481B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B65D88/66—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using vibrating or knocking devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatically operating knocker, in particular for knocking off dust-like material from container walls, for example bunker walls, with the features of the first part of claim 1
  • pneumatic knockers of the type described above dust-like materials in silos or other storage containers are detached from the walls if the stored materials are not completely dry or tend to form bridges. A powerful blow to the outer wall of the storage container can loosen the dusty material, destroy the bridge and make the material flow out.
  • Compressed air interval knockers disclosed in DE-A-2 549 555 and currently on the market consist of a cylinder tube closed at the bottom on the container side with a baffle plate and at the top with a cover, in which the baffle plate and cover have a larger diameter than the outside diameter of the cylinder tube and on The circumference is provided with four holes through which anchor bolts are inserted.
  • a reversing valve is screwed onto the cover of the interval tapper, to which the compressed air supply line leads on the inlet side and from which a connecting nipple is branched off on the outlet side.
  • a connection nipple is also inserted into the cylinder tube above the baffle plate, and a hose connects the two connection nipples to one another.
  • a welding sleeve and two hose nozzles as well as special sealing measures are disadvantageously required in order to achieve this To install interval knockers according to their function. It should also be noted that the sleeve is welded to the cylinder tube after previous processing, eg milling the rounding. Every specialist recognizes the difficulties that arise in particular when there is a delay due to welding, which must be corrected.
  • the known interval knocker was also limited in terms of control, because although an automatic cycle control could be connected upstream, it was not possible to control the beat interval or the pauses between one or between a group of beats with simple means, least of all in explosion-proof rooms.
  • the control effort is particularly high if pneumatic controls are required, since two time relays are generally required, for the charging time and for the pause time.
  • Knockers are already on the market, in which the control is achieved in a complicated way by means of an internal reversal, namely by means of a needle valve built into the device, via drilled control lines. Due to the vibrations during operation when knocking, these needle valves adjust easily. Regulation or readjustment is very complex, because the knockers are often installed in an inaccessible place in a bunker. In addition, remote control, for example interval control from a distance, is not possible with a further disadvantage.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a pneumatically operating knocker of the type mentioned in such a way that fewer and simpler parts can be used for its construction without negatively influencing the flow conditions, and the control options can even be expanded.
  • the air line in the form of at least one air duct extending approximately over the height of the housing is integrated in the housing, that the upper wall consists of one piece with the housing, the lid while leaving a valve space at a distance from the Mounted top wall and is provided with a valve bore communicating with the connection hole, in which a control membrane is movably accommodated so that it can abut against the hole in the top wall and close it, and that the space under the piston is open to the outside is.
  • the measures according to the invention can significantly reduce the number of individual parts provided for the pneumatic knocker, since in the new structure e.g. Anchor bolts are no longer required.
  • the baffle plate described at the beginning in the known screwdriver is omitted because, according to the invention, the space under the piston is open to the outside. In other words, the base plate is no longer required as a counter-holder for the anchor bolts.
  • This in turn enables sound-absorbing measures: if necessary, a rubber sheet or the like can be placed under it, so that a damped impact (rubber hammer effect) is generated instead of a metallic impact, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the housing can be through the integrated arrangement of the Air channels and in particular by the design of the quick exhaust valve between the lid attached to the housing and the upper wall of the housing can be reduced.
  • the sealing measures described above with disadvantage and individual parts such as welded sleeves, hose, hose nozzle etc. are also advantageously omitted. Due to the simpler assembly and the absence of fragile parts such as the anchor bolts, a comparatively large number of spare parts are no longer required, so that the new knocker is considerably improved in at least the same flow conditions.
  • the part of the knocker's housing under the cover is also the housing of the quick exhaust valve. Its positive influence on the lower height of the new knocker can be seen.
  • the housing is a casting. Then you can economically manufacture all housing parts in large quantities.
  • the material is particularly preferred e.g. Aluminum or plastic. Very expedient manufacturing processes are possible with die casting or die casting. It goes without saying that the rusting of such a housing with its individual lines and channels is advantageously largely eliminated as a result.
  • vent holes were axially arranged in the cover-side end plate and in addition to the reversing valve fitted into the surroundings, it was found when redesigning the knocker according to the invention that there was no more space on the cover side due to the new integrated installation of the quick exhaust valve.
  • the ventilation hole in the side wall of the housing is arranged so as to run radially in the cover-side third of the height of the housing.
  • “Lid-side third” of the height of the housing is understood to mean that third of the height that is closest to the lid. The second third is then in the middle of the housing, and the last third is at the open end of the space under the piston. You can attach the knocker according to the invention in any position on the wall of a storage container, so that it is difficult to speak of "above” or “below". Nevertheless, for the purposes of the present invention, the lid is to be understood as being “arranged above”. As a result, neither the function nor the installation position of the knocker according to the invention is limited.
  • the elongated space in which the piston moves back and forth may have polygonal, oval or versatile cross-sections with rounded corners, but this space is preferably cylindrical, since experience has shown that cylindrical pistons are easier to manufacture.
  • the so-called spring space in which the compression or compression spring is located, and in the lower third of this cavity in the housing there is the "space under the piston" described above. It is understood that the space under the piston can be completely filled by the latter when the knocker is actuated.
  • vent hole is arranged in the upper third of the height of the housing next to the cover and pierces the side wall radially.
  • This vent hole is at least open or creates a connection between the spring chamber and the environment when the piston is in its lower position, when the knocker is discharged, ie the compression spring is under minimal compression.
  • a control bore is arranged in the housing wall, running radially in the open third of the height of the housing, if a piston bore is provided, running through the side wall of the hollow part of the piston, and if the control bore is connected via a control line a three / two-way air valve in the compressed air supply line.
  • the control bore in the lower area of the housing and the piston bore are at approximately the same height after the knocker has struck and the piston located at the bottom in the final state.
  • the knocker according to the invention effects individual impacts at adjustable intervals. Strong blows with low air consumption can advantageously be brought about. If the measures mentioned above are now used, the knocker according to the invention allows simple remote control in a very inexpensive and reliable manner. Because of the lower control bore mentioned in the knocker housing, a regulation for triggering a knocking blow can take place when the piston is shortly before the end position reached during loading. Then the control bore is under the piston freely outside this piston, and the air pressure under the piston actuates the three / two-way air valve in the sense of venting the connection hole and thus triggering the knock.
  • the structure of the knocker according to the invention is particularly simple if the control line and the 3/2-way valve are integrated in the housing.
  • a housing with a plurality of channels can be easily produced, so that some channels can be used for the air line mentioned above and a special bore serves as a control line.
  • the interval control according to the invention can also be used safely and inexpensively in explosion-proof rooms. All you need to do is install a valve for the compressed air supply between the air supply connection and a throttle in order to start or stop the beating intervals. Since there are very precisely adjustable throttles, which are very inexpensive, the time for lifting the piston during the charging process can also be set quite precisely by regulating the throttle. The piston speed in the direction of the spring and thus the stroke interval can thus be regulated by the throttle.
  • the control option described above is significantly improved compared to the known knockers.
  • the new and inexpensive control is particularly advantageous if only one knocker is to be actuated at a time.
  • the self-control function can also be used to cause the knocker to strike several times during a time sequence that would otherwise only trigger a blow. So this is very small Adequate means, whereas in the case of the knockers known hitherto, such a control required a great deal of effort.
  • the impact strength can also be regulated using a pressure regulator in the compressed air supply line.
  • the space under the piston is widened at the open end, the expanded part in particular having a larger diameter than the other part of this space facing away from the open end.
  • the side walls of the housing enclose the piston as described above. The part of the space under the piston facing away from the open end, which has been explained and interpreted above, is thus determined in the case of a piston with a circular cross section by the diameter of the piston.
  • this space which is determined by the piston diameter
  • the “upper” sub-space which ends at a distance in front of or “above” the lowest surface on the assembly side and is extended along the remaining distance to the surface on the assembly side. If you design both partial spaces circular in plan view, then the expansion can be carried out by the fact that the enlarged part has a larger diameter than the upper partial space.
  • the creation of an expanded space namely under the piston offers the advantage that a noise-absorbing elastomer plate can be inserted in such a way that its lowermost or outermost surface lies flush with the assembly-side surface of the housing. Without such an enlarged subspace, the disadvantage that an improper arrangement of a rubber plate can result in the fact that it can heat up as a result of the acting energy until it is damaged, if not destroyed.
  • At least one elastomer plate is arranged in the expanded part of the space provided under the piston.
  • the invention teaches not to lay an elastomer plate in any way but in the extended sub-space with the result of the noise-dampened impact with the new knocker still having sufficient effect.
  • the elastomer plate which of course cannot be thicker than the partial space in which it is to be accommodated, consists of several layers, which are possibly even inserted separately. It has been shown with advantage that such elastomer plates offer a larger cooling surface for air flowing past, so that the heating of the elastomer plate mentioned can be restricted or eliminated by a multi-plate structure.
  • one or more elastomer plates with a long service life can be used if an opening is provided in the elastomer plate according to the invention.
  • air located in the space under the piston can find an outflow channel, so that any build-up of heat can be avoided.
  • an opening can be produced by drilling, but it is only a question of the air permeability of the elastomer plate (s).
  • the elastomer plate can therefore be perforated, perforated, slotted or porous.
  • the elastomer plate floats in the air flow in the open part space.
  • the air (or other gases) introduced through the air line under the piston can sometimes also get under the elastomer plate and lift it in the open-side part space towards the piston.
  • the elastomer plate is pressed down onto the outermost mounting surface. This movement is swimming in the air stream. This clearly cools the free-floating plate once from one side, once from the other side and additionally through the opening or the edge surfaces.
  • a piston 2 can be moved back and forth against the force of a compression spring 9 in a cylindrical space and also in the opposite direction when the spring 9 is relaxed.
  • the piston 2 is in a state just before it hits the level 24 below or after it has left it again during the upward stroke.
  • the room below the piston and 13 denotes the spring space, ie the space in which the compression spring 9 is arranged.
  • the approximately cylindrical jacket-shaped side walls 1a of the housing 1 end upwards in a somewhat widening collar 26 which is provided with an internal thread 27 '.
  • the cover 3 is screwed into this, leaving a valve chamber 15.
  • the cover can also be attached by radial screws.
  • FIG. 2 From FIG. 2, according to section AB of FIG. 1, one can see the circular collar 26, to which the collar 25 with the hole 10 is coaxially centered, the valve chamber 15 above the visible upper wall 20 of the housing closing between the collar 25 and the collar 26 is recognizable.
  • the top wall 20 In the top wall 20, four air ducts 14 open evenly spaced over the circumference of the circle, which extend from the space 22 under the piston 2 to almost the entire height H of the housing 1 and into the valve space 15.
  • the housing 1 is expanded approximately rectangularly downward and has four screw holes 27, via which the housing 1 can be screwed to a wall of a storage container, not shown, with the interposition of the seal 4.
  • a seal 5 is also provided on the cover side, as is a seal 6 on the lower open end of the piston 2 and a guide ring 12 is arranged opposite on the cover-side hollow part 2b of the piston 2.
  • the ribs 28 only serve to stiffen the housing.
  • vent holes can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 3 7, which are arranged in the upper third (cover side) of the height H of the housing 1, radially reaching through the side wall 1a, in such a way that a connection of the spring chamber 13 and, when the control membrane is lifted, the air channels 14 to the outside air is ensured.
  • the diameter of the vent hole 7 is considerably smaller than that of the air channels 14.
  • connection hole 8 In the center of the cover and coaxially to this hole 10 and to the valve bore 21, the connection hole 8 is provided, to which the line 29 connects, which is only shown schematically in FIG. 3, and which creates the connection between this connection hole 8 and a 3/2-way valve 16 . This, in turn, lies in the line between the connection hole 8 and the compressed air supply line 19.
  • a throttle 20 and an air supply connection 30 are also arranged in this, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the control membrane 11 practically seals the valve space 15 more or less against the space 14a above the membrane 11. With a corresponding pressure difference between the two spaces 14a and 15, air can flow past the edges of the control membrane 11. This is desirable, as will be explained in the following operating function.
  • the embodiment of the knocker according to Figure 3 has in addition to the already described lines 29, 18, 19 also the valve spring 16a and above all the control bore 17, to which the control line 18 is connected by screwing.
  • Compressed air passes through the connection hole 8 to the flexible control membrane 11, which is thereby pressed against the hole 10 to the spring chamber 13 and is pressed against the valve chamber 15 on the annular end face of the collar 25 while sealing the spring chamber 13. Since the spring chamber 13 communicates with the surroundings or outside air via the vent hole 7, the pressure on the control diaphragm 11 from the loaded side (from above) is greater than the pressure (from below) through the hole 10 Resulting differential pressure ensures the pressure of the control membrane 11 on the collar 25 and thus the sealing of the hole 10. The compressed air comes past the flexible outer edge of the control membrane 11 via the channels 14 in the housing 1, which, for example are drilled or cast under the piston 2 and presses it against the compression spring 9.
  • the operation of the knocker according to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 thus described applies equally to the embodiment of FIG. 3, except that self-control is also provided here.
  • the three / two-way air valve 16 is mounted so that its air outlet A is connected to the connection hole 8 for compressed air. In the position shown, the valve 16 is open, i.e. the air outlet A is connected to P and the knocker is charged as soon as the air supply connection 30 can supply air.
  • the compressed air supply line 19 can be placed under operating pressure.
  • control bore 17 Shortly before the cover-side or upper end position of the piston 2 reached during loading, the control bore 17 then lies below the position of the seal 6 that is then reached. In this way, a connection between the space 22 under the piston 2 and the control connection Z is made via the control line 18 of the valve 16 is provided.
  • the throttle 20 arranged in the compressed air supply line 19 between the air supply connection 30 and the valve 16 regulates the piston speed and thus also the stroke interval.
  • control line 18 which schematically extends outside the housing 1 in FIG. 3, can also be placed in the housing jacket.
  • one of the four air channels 14 could be connected accordingly.
  • the quick exhaust valve is integrated in the cover 3 and the cover-side end of the housing 1 anyway.
  • the new knocker can also be manufactured with small external dimensions so that it can also be used with smaller containers.
  • bakeries sometimes need such smaller knockers, where it is also desirable that the container is almost completely empty of the contents, e.g. Flour or baking powder, namely if another filling material is to be filled in after emptying
  • the knocker according to the invention can then be set in such a way that it knocks five times for residual emptying of the container at the same time as the container emptying, with no further control than a throttle. Opening cylinders and knockers could be supplied via the same valve.
  • compressed air is used as a propellant here, this can of course also be understood to mean other gases under pressure.
  • FIG. 4 shows the lower part of the knocker according to FIG. 1 broken off, the division of the space 22 located under the piston 2 being illustrated more clearly here.
  • the room 22 is divided into two sub-rooms, namely the extended part 22b, which faces the open end and the narrower part 22a facing away from this enlarged part 22b, the diameter of which corresponds approximately to the piston diameter in the event that the spaces are circular in cross section and also partial spaces 22a, 22b.
  • the rectangular dimensions are then appropriate, etc.
  • the knocker is supplied by the manufacturer with loosely attached elastomer plates 30, 31, 32. The buyer can then insert a desired number of plates into the extended part 22b. If necessary, the knocker can also be operated without elastomer plates.
  • the total thickness of the inserted elastomer plates 31-32 is smaller than the height (seen in the axial direction of the housing 1) of the enlarged part 22b of this space. If the elastomer plates 30-32 are circular disks, then their diameter is also smaller than the diameter of the open, enlarged subspace 22b, so that the elastomer plates 30-32 can float freely in the airflow in the expanded subspace 22b axially and radially.
  • all three elastomer plates 30-32 are provided with openings 33 arranged flush with one another, here provided centrally.
  • air or another gas flows through the air line 14 downward during the loading process and also from the outside next to the elastomer plates 30-32, so that these are partially raised.
  • the air then flows from the side, over, between and under the plates into the inner part 22a of the space 22 under the piston 2, partly also through the opening 33, so that the loading process can be carried out effectively in the manner described.
  • the piston 2 After triggering the striking operation, the piston 2 is knocked down in the direction of arrow 34 by the force of the spring 9. It drives the air out of the subspaces 22a and 22b through the opening 33 on the one hand and at the edge of the elastomer plates 30-32 on the other hand via the air line 14 and finally hits the elastomer plates (dampened impact).

Claims (8)

  1. Batteur pneumatique, notamment pour détacher une matière pulvérulente des parois d'un récipient, par exemple des parois d'un silo, comprenant
    - un corps (1) qui renferme une chambre de ressort (13) de forme allongée, présentant un perçage (7) d'échappement d'air et contenant un ressort (9), et qui est fermé d'un côté par une paroi supérieure (20) percée d'un trou (10),
    - un couvercle (3) muni d'un trou de raccordement (8),
    - un piston (2) qui peut être repousse vers le couvercle (3) au moyen d'air comprimé, à l'encontre de la pression du ressort (9), et
    - une soupape (3, 8, 10, 11, 14a, 15) d'échappement rapide de l'air, qui se trouve dans la région du couvercle et qui met la chambre (22) située sous le piston (2) à l'échappement dans la chambre (13) du ressort au moyen d'une conduite (14),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la conduite d'air (14) est intégrée dans le corps (1), sous la forme d'au moins un canal d'air (14) qui s'étend à peu près sur toute la hauteur (H) du corps (1),
    - la paroi supérieure (20) est en une seule pièce avec le corps,
    - le couvercle (3) est disposé à distance de la paroi supérieure (20), en ménageant une chambre (15) de soupape, et est muni d'un perçage (21) de soupape qui est en communication avec le trou de raccordement (8) et dans lequel une membrane de commande (11) est logée mobile de telle manière à pouvoir s'appliquer contre le trou (10) de la paroi supérieure (20) et fermer ce trou, et
    - la chambre (22) située sous le piston (2) est ouverte sur l'extérieur.
  2. Batteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) est une pièce moulée.
  3. Batteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le perçage (7) d'échappement d'air est disposé dans la paroi latérale (1a) du corps en s'étendant radialement, dans le tiers côté couvercle de la hauteur (H) du corps (1).
  4. Batteur selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un perçage de commande (17) est prévu dans la paroi latérale (1a) du couvercle, en s'étendant radialement, dans le tiers côté ouverture de la hauteur (H) du corps (A), en ce qu'il est prévu un perçage (15a) du piston qui traverse la paroi latérale (2a) de la partie creuse (2b) du piston (2), et en ce que le perçage de commande (17) est en communication par une conduite de commande (18) avec un distributeur d'air à trois/deux voies (16) intercalé dans la conduite (19) d'amenée de l'air comprimé.
  5. Batteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de commande (18) et le distributeur trois/deux voies (16) sont intégrés dans le corps (1).
  6. Batteur selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (22) située sous le piston (2) est élargie à l'extrémité côté ouverture (dans la partie 22b) cependant qu'en particulier la chambre élargie (22b) possède un plus grand diamètre que l'autre partie (22a) de cette chambre, qui est la plus éloignée de l'extrémité côté ouverture.
  7. Batteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que dans la partie élargie (22b) de la chambre (22) prévue sous le piston, est agencée au moins une plaque d'élastomère (30, 31, 32) qui peut se déplacer librement axialement et radialement dans la chambre partielle (22b).
  8. Batteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une ouverture (33) est prévue dans la plaque d'élastomère (30 à 32) (Figure 4).
EP89108537A 1988-06-04 1989-05-12 Dispositif batteur pneumatique Expired - Lifetime EP0345481B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3819111 1988-04-06
DE3819111A DE3819111A1 (de) 1988-06-04 1988-06-04 Pneumatischer klopfer

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0345481A2 EP0345481A2 (fr) 1989-12-13
EP0345481A3 EP0345481A3 (en) 1990-12-05
EP0345481B1 true EP0345481B1 (fr) 1993-10-13

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EP89108537A Expired - Lifetime EP0345481B1 (fr) 1988-06-04 1989-05-12 Dispositif batteur pneumatique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4996907A (fr)
EP (1) EP0345481B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0224070A (fr)
DE (2) DE3819111A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2045246T3 (fr)

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WO2013052567A1 (fr) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-11 The Gsi Group, Llc Impacteur externe pour récipients de stockage en vrac
JP6409315B2 (ja) * 2014-04-24 2018-10-24 工機ホールディングス株式会社 打撃作業機
CN104370004B (zh) * 2014-10-30 2017-11-21 安徽康迪纳电力科技有限责任公司 料斗推力激振器
CN104724411A (zh) * 2015-03-29 2015-06-24 浙江东立绿源科技股份有限公司 一种用于饲料生产的振打料斗
CN105752525A (zh) * 2016-04-27 2016-07-13 安徽康迪纳电力科技有限责任公司 振动锤连接装置
CN110455452A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2019-11-15 济南福深兴安科技有限公司 一种冲击波感应装置及瓦斯自动抑爆装置
CN116073257B (zh) * 2023-03-09 2023-07-28 河北卓亚电气工控设备有限公司 一种便于安装的市政电力配电箱

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DE2549551C3 (de) * 1975-11-05 1979-05-03 Fa. Jean Netter, 6200 Wiesbaden Pneumatisch arbeitender Klopfer
US4333537A (en) * 1978-11-24 1982-06-08 Harris Jesse W Impact drilling tool having improved valving

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0345481A2 (fr) 1989-12-13
DE3819111A1 (de) 1989-12-14
DE58905878D1 (de) 1993-11-18
ES2045246T3 (es) 1994-01-16
US4996907A (en) 1991-03-05
EP0345481A3 (en) 1990-12-05
JPH0224070A (ja) 1990-01-26

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