EP0391775A1 - Device for the detection of the passage of at least one moving body at at least one determinate point of its displacement - Google Patents

Device for the detection of the passage of at least one moving body at at least one determinate point of its displacement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0391775A1
EP0391775A1 EP90400866A EP90400866A EP0391775A1 EP 0391775 A1 EP0391775 A1 EP 0391775A1 EP 90400866 A EP90400866 A EP 90400866A EP 90400866 A EP90400866 A EP 90400866A EP 0391775 A1 EP0391775 A1 EP 0391775A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
answering machine
passage
responder
hand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90400866A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0391775B1 (en
Inventor
Robert Gabillard
Yann Nguyen
Christian Semet
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Universite de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
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Universite de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies
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Publication of EP0391775A1 publication Critical patent/EP0391775A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains
    • B61L25/021—Measuring and recording of train speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains
    • B61L25/023—Determination of driving direction of vehicle or vehicle train
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains
    • B61L25/025—Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting the passage of at least one mobile at at least one determined point of its movement along a trajectory inside a space by reference to which the said movements of the mobile.
  • Numerous devices are already known for the purpose of detecting the passage of at least one mobile in at least one determined area of a space in which said mobile operates (FR-A-2,195,812 and 2,593,761).
  • These devices each include two separate parts, namely an interrogation unit and an answering machine, these two separate parts being one associated with the mobile, the other considered fixed in the space with respect to which the mobile is moving.
  • the interrogation assembly itself comprises a transmission assembly and a reception assembly.
  • this interrogation assembly and the processing circuits are connected to a supply of electrical energy.
  • the interrogation unit comprises, on the one hand, turned towards the zone where the passage of the transponder is monitored by two transmitters, one of a high frequency signal in the form of an electromagnetic wave, the another of a signal of lower frequency which, in this example, creates an electrostatic field and, on the other hand, a receiver of the signal worked out by the responder from the signals received from the transmitters during its passage in the aforementioned zone then immediately reissued by said responder, -
  • the transponder mainly comprises antenna elements to which a non-linear component such as a diode known for its ability to modify and in particular to mix the signals received before their retransmission to the receiver in the form of a modulated carrier is connected.
  • the receiver then demodulates this signal and processes its lower frequency component.
  • this device Designed for application to surveillance at the exit of a store from the passage of articles carrying a sensitive label making the answering machine, this device uses a set of interrogation whose dimensions are incompatible with the limits in particular of template imposed in applications to means of transport and above all are sensitive to the presence of the answering machine in a very large space and therefore lack the precision necessary to, for example, reset positioning indicators but again and above all can be disturbed by the means of monitoring a parallel channel, all the more since it gives no information on the direction of movement.
  • the interrogation assembly comprises: a means of amplitude modulation of a high frequency signal and of fairly high power (approximately 10 GHz and 200 mW) using a medium frequency signal (approximately 200 KHz) chopping the carrier all or nothing at rhythm of the frequency of the wave produced by an oscillator and - Means for transmitting this high frequency carrier thus pre-modulated in amplitude towards the point where the passage of the answering machine in its movement relative to the interrogation assembly is monitored.
  • This interrogation assembly also comprises means for receiving at least one high frequency carrier overmodulated in amplitude by the answering machine which, when it passes to the point monitored by the interrogation assembly receives the signal transmitted and, at the using a circulator, distribute: - a fraction in a channel where a circuit restores the clock signals and applies them to a delay line which will therefore phase them by a certain value, less than the width of the pulses, and - another fraction in a channel where the already modulated carrier will again be cut by the pulses of the delay line.
  • the delay line of the various responders has its time constant which is adapted and the phase comparator of the interrogation assembly receives references specific to each possible phase shift.
  • an answering machine comprising two signal reception circuits and which are spaced from one another in a direction parallel to the trajectory of the mobile.
  • An advantageous arrangement known to the receiving circuits of the answering machine is a so-called symmetrical arrangement, that is to say at the same distance on either side of the re-transmitting antenna of the answering machine.
  • the drawbacks of this known device are the disturbances by signals from channels parallel to that being monitored and above all a precision in determining the passage of the mobile at the right of the determined point of its trajectory which is still insufficient taking into account the requirements of the means, in particular IT loaded. to process the information received for example to determine the speed and ensure the registration of the cinemometric sensors.
  • One of the results that the invention aims to obtain is a device of the type mentioned above which is very precise without calling on more expensive or fragile components than the devices known to date.
  • the double reception circuit which the answering machine comprises comprises two members generating, when the mobile passes through the monitored point, two signals of substantially equivalent nature and, - on the other hand, these members are designed and interconnected so as to give at least one of the characteristics of these signals opposite values which, by combining, form at least one resulting signal including at least one characteristic, at at least one predetermined point in the passage from the transmitter to the right of the responder, varies abruptly according to an amplitude of variation discernible from any other variations of the characteristic considered of said resulting signal for thus constituting a particularly electrical phenomenon hereinafter called top which delimits in the resulting signal two separate parts each of a certain duration.
  • the device 1 for detecting the passage of at least one mobile 2 at at least one determined point 3 of its movement, along a trajectory 4 inside a space by report to which we appreciate the said movements of the mobile conventionally comprises two separate sets 5, 6 namely an interrogation set 5 and an answering machine 6, these two separate sets being one associated with the mobile, the other considered fixed in particular on a support 6 has substantially continuous located along the path along which the mobile moves.
  • the interrogation unit 5 which is associated with the mobile 2 and the answering machine 6 which is fixed but, without departing from the scope of the invention, the interrogation unit can be fixed and the mobile answering machine.
  • the interrogation assembly 5 which itself comprises a transmission assembly 7 and a reception assembly 8 is connected to a means 9 for processing the information received and, to perform these functions, this assembly is connected to a source (not shown) of electrical energy supply.
  • the responder 6 is of the so-called passive type because it does not have a supply of clean electrical energy, whether by battery or by connection to a distribution network.
  • the transmission assembly 7 comprises two transmitters 10, 11 the emissions of which are directed substantially towards a point 12 fixed relative to the interrogation assembly where the passage of a point 13 is monitored as for it fixed with respect to the answering machine.
  • One (10) of the transmitters 10, 11 transmits a high frequency signal 14 in the form of an electromagnetic wave, the other 11 transmits a lower frequency signal 15.
  • each include a source 16, 17 and an antenna 18, 19 adapted and tuned to the transmitted frequency.
  • the responder 6 mainly comprises elements 20, 21, 22 of antennas adapted and tuned to the reception of the aforementioned signals 14, 15 to which elements is connected a non-linear component 23 such as a diode which, as soon as the responder receives the two aforementioned signals , in a known manner, mixes them and immediately retransmits this mixture, in the form of a modulated carrier 24, to at least one antenna 25 which obviously includes the receiver 8.
  • a non-linear component 23 such as a diode which, as soon as the responder receives the two aforementioned signals , in a known manner, mixes them and immediately retransmits this mixture, in the form of a modulated carrier 24, to at least one antenna 25 which obviously includes the receiver 8.
  • the antenna 18 for transmitting a high frequency signal 14 and the antenna 25 for receiving the modulated carrier 24 are combined and, therefore, these antennas 18, 25 are connected to the high frequency source 16 and to the circuit 26 internal to the receiver 8 by a circulator 27.
  • the device described above also comprises means 28 with a view to identifying at least one of these mobiles 2 and or at least one of the determined points 3 of the trajectory 4.
  • the responder 6 comprises a double circuit 29 for receiving the same signal and the antennas 20, 21 of this double circuit are spaced from one another in at least one direction substantially parallel to the path of the mobile.
  • the two antennas 20, 21 of this double circuit 29 of the answering machine are arranged substantially symmetrically, that is to say at the same distance on either side of its retransmission antenna 22.
  • the dual reception circuit 29 which the answering machine comprises comprises two members 20, 21 generating, when the mobile passes through the monitored point, two signals 31, 32 of substantially equivalent nature and, - on the other hand, these members 20, 21 are designed and interconnected so as to give at least one of the characteristics of these signals 31, 32 opposite values which, when combined, form at least one resulting signal R of which at least one characteristic, at at least one predetermined point 3, 13 of the passage from the transmitter 5 to the right of the responder 6, varies abruptly according to an amplitude of variation discernible from any other variations of the characteristic considered of said signal resulting R to thus constitute a phenomenon in particular electrical hereafter called top 30 which delimits in the resulting signal R two distinct parts R a , R b each of a certain duration T1 and T2.
  • the lower frequency signal 15 is transmitted by the corresponding transmission assembly 7 in the form of a magnetic field using an antenna 19 carrying out a primary winding 19 and, - the two antennas 20, 21 of the dual circuit 29 for receiving the answering machine, adapted and tuned for this frequency: . on the one hand, constitute two secondary windings 20, 21 which are arranged so, during the passage of the primary winding 19, not only to be each subjected to the field magnetic emitted by said primary winding but still so, in an intermediate stage, to be both simultaneously subjected to it and, . on the other hand, are associated in opposition so as, in the intermediate stage of the passage of the primary winding 19, to create in these secondary windings 20, 21, simultaneously subjected to the magnetic field, induced currents 31, 32 of substantially equal absolute values but opposite signs.
  • the resulting signal R which, in this case, is an induced electric current, is thus obtained according to the principle of the differential transformer according to which a primary winding 19 sends energy to two secondary windings 20, 21.
  • these secondary windings being associated in opposition and arranged one next to the other along the path of the mobile which carries the primary winding 19, when said primary winding 19 is above one of the secondary windings 20, 21, it makes it possible to obtain in this secondary winding a current 31, 32 of a certain absolute value but always of opposite phase to that which will be created in the other secondary winding in a symmetrical situation of the primary winding.
  • the extent of the primary winding 19 and / or the distance which separates the two secondary windings 20, 21 is, along the path 4, such that, at least in an intermediate position of the primary winding 19 with respect to the secondary windings 20, 21, the said primary winding 19 induces in the two secondary windings currents which, once combined to produce the resulting signal R, cancel each other out in particular due to their opposite phases and this during a duration T0 depending in particular on the speed of the relative movement of the transmitter 5 and the responder 6 along the trajectory 4.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 a certain number of graphs (FIGS. 6 to 9) have been plotted as a function of time of the envelope of signals used in the device of the invention, which graphs are calibrated on a same origin of time.
  • the graph of the evolution of the resulting signal R is represented, that is to say the current composed with the two currents 31, 32 induced in the secondary windings 20, 21 also taken in absolute value.
  • the two windings 20, 21 are asymmetrical so as to generate, whatever the speed of movement of the mobile, signals 31, 32 of different durations between them in order to give the parts R a , R b of the resulting signal R which surround the top 30 of the durations T1 and T2 themselves different and therefore discernible, and, -
  • the windings 20, 21 of each responder located on the trajectory are oriented in a predetermined manner and known to the interrogation assembly in such a way that during the processing by the responder of the parts R a , R b of the resulting signal R characterizes the direction of movement of the interrogation assembly with respect to said responder and, - on the other hand, the processing means 9 of the interrogation assembly comprises: .
  • At least one means 33, 34 generating pulses according to a predetermined frequency
  • at least one means 35, 36 for counting the numbers N1, N2 of pulses delivered by the generator means during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal that are the parts R a , R b and the top 30 which are transcribed in the signal 24 sent by the answering machine, .
  • at least one means 37 for comparing between them the numbers N1, N2 of counted pulses and for producing at least one signal 39 reflecting the state of the comparison and therefore characterizing the direction of passage of the mobile.
  • the interrogation assembly comprises at least one means 40 for measuring the speed of movement of the mobile which is independent of its processing means 9 and generates at least one signal 41 proportional to the speed and, - on the other hand, the processing means comprises several means 33, 34 pulse generators of which at least one 33 uses the signal 41 of the means 40 for measuring the speed and generates pulses at a frequency proportional to the said speed so that the means 35 for counting the pulses during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal which are the parts R a , R b and the top 30 transcribed in the signal 24 transmitted by the responder, take into account the numbers N1, N2 of pulses whose orders of magnitude are independent of the speed of the mobile.
  • the means for measuring the speed of the mobile which influences the pulse generator means is for example of the type based on Doppler kinemometry.
  • the means for processing the interrogation assembly comprises on the one hand at least one means 34 generating pulses according to a predetermined frequency and , on the other hand, at least one means 36 for counting the pulses at least during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal that are the parts R a , R b and the top 30, which are transcribed in the signal 24 emitted by the responder.
  • the frequency of the pulses generated by the above-mentioned means 34 is preferably fixed.
  • the high frequency signal is located among the lowest frequencies in the hyper-frequency band.
  • the high frequency signal is of the order of 1 GHz and its power is very low and, for example, of only 40 mW which limits the risk of creating radio interference and allows the emissions to be located at within the most stringent radio standards in this area.
  • the so-called lower frequency signal it is chosen from the range of medium frequencies of the order of 1 to 10 MHz and, for example, around 4 MHz.
  • optimization of the functioning of the answering system is achieved by the following elements: - a flat double differential winding 20, 21, tuned to a medium frequency, favoring the magnetic field, - a plated microwave antenna 22, favoring the electromagnetic wave, - a component 23 (diode) characterized by its non-linearity properties, - Elements 42 of impedance adaptation (auto transformer plug) allowing the maximum energy to be transmitted to the diode and elements 43, 44 of insulation (line section in constant distributed).
  • the assembly is carried out on a standard printed circuit in epoxy glass.
  • the answering machine For the retransmission by means of a hertzian link, towards the interrogator, of the signal characteristic of the presence of an answering machine at the right of this one, at the passage of the vehicle in a predetermined place of the course, the answering machine ensures the transposition of its differential characteristic into very high frequency in order to benefit from the electromagnetic radiation properties and the low powers required.
  • the responder is equipped with a single broadband antenna making it possible to receive a carrier frequency and retransmit to the interrogator the first harmonics created by the responder.
  • This plated type antenna is placed between the two aforementioned secondary windings in order to make the best use of the large radiation diagram that it provides and to generate it in place of the magnetic field linked to the windings.
  • the responders can by construction be tuned to different medium frequencies so as to create digital words.
  • the medium frequency transmitter will then supply the different frequencies required by means of printed coils.
  • the plated microwave antenna of the dipole type for example.
  • the "antenna" transmission subsystem thus consists of transmission frames excited by one or more medium frequency sources and a single high frequency antenna excited by a suitable source.
  • the coupling of the mid-frequency transmitter and the responder is carried out with critical coupling in order to allow the assembly to work on a wider frequency band.
  • each responder comprises: at least one means 28 for storing at least one message, in particular a digital message, at least one means 45 for modulating the signal 24 sent by said responder to the interrogation unit as a function of the message contained in the storage means.
  • the means 45 for modulating the signal 24 consists of an oscillator 46 and the message storage means consists of at least one register shift memory and on the other hand, these modulation 45 and storage means 28 draw their operating energy from the lower frequency signal received by the responder.
  • the receiving means of the interrogator comprise: at least one means 47 such as a power divider which separates the signal received from the answering machine by the interrogation assembly into two channels, at least one means 48, 49 which, in particular synchronized with the high frequency signal produced in the corresponding source 16, induces a phase shift of pi / 2 between the signals which circulate on each of the aforementioned channels, - at least one means 50, 51 raising at least one of the characteristics of each signal squared, at least one means 52 summing the characteristics of the signals squared and producing a compound signal addressed to the means 9 for processing the interrogation assembly.
  • at least one means 47 such as a power divider which separates the signal received from the answering machine by the interrogation assembly into two channels
  • at least one means 48, 49 which, in particular synchronized with the high frequency signal produced in the corresponding source 16 induces a phase shift of pi / 2 between the signals which circulate on each of the aforementioned channels
  • - at least one means 50, 51 raising at least one of the characteristics
  • the microwave antenna 22 has a large radiation diagram which makes it possible to cover the medium frequency and bandwidth fields sufficiently wide to allow the spectral lines of the first harmonics to pass.
  • the answering machine circuit is mounted in a plastic case, transparent to microwave waves and the magnetic field and robust enough to withstand the more or less severe vibrations occurring during the passage of vehicles at high speed as well as projections of all kinds. : water, grease, oil. . .

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for detecting the passage of at least one moving body at at least one determinate point of its displacement along a trajectory inside a space through reference to which the said displacements of the moving body are evaluated. <??>It is characterised in that: - on the one hand, the dual reception circuit (29) included in the responder, includes two members (20, 21) generating, on the passage of the moving body at the monitored point, two signals (31, 32) of substantially equivalent kind and, - on the other hand, these members (20, 21) are designed and interconnected in such a way as to confer opposite values upon at least one of the characteristics of these signals (31, 32), which on being combined, form at least one resultant signal (R), at least one characteristic of which, at at least one predetermined point of the passage of the transmitter in line with the responder, varies in an abrupt manner in accordance with an amplitude of variation which is discernible from the possible other variations in the relevant characteristic of the said resultant signal (R) so as to thus constitute an, in particular, electrical phenomenon, termed the synchronising pulse, which demarcates two distinct portions within the resultant signal (R), each of a certain duration. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de détection du passage d'au moins un mobile en au moins un point déterminé de son déplacement au long d'une trajectoire à l'intérieur d'un espace par référence auquel on apprécie les dits déplacements du mobile.The invention relates to a device for detecting the passage of at least one mobile at at least one determined point of its movement along a trajectory inside a space by reference to which the said movements of the mobile.

Elle s'applique notamment à la détection du passage de moyens de transport guidés en des points déterminés de leur parcours en vue par exemple :
- de recaler les appareils de positionnement et/ou de calculs de vitesse fonctionnant à l'aide de moyens classiques, sujets à erreur par exemple par glissement,
- d'identifier au moins un mobile et/ou au moins un point du parcours.
It applies in particular to the detection of the passage of guided means of transport at determined points on their route with a view, for example:
- to readjust the positioning and / or speed calculation devices operating using conventional means, subject to error, for example by sliding,
- identify at least one mobile and / or at least one point on the route.

On connaît déjà de nombreux dispositifs en vue de détecter le passage d'au moins un mobile dans au moins une zone déterminée d'un espace dans lequel le dit mobile évolue (FR-A-2.195.812 et 2.593.761).Numerous devices are already known for the purpose of detecting the passage of at least one mobile in at least one determined area of a space in which said mobile operates (FR-A-2,195,812 and 2,593,761).

Ces dispositifs comprennent chacun deux parties séparées, à savoir un ensemble d'interrogation et un répondeur, ces deux parties séparées étant l'une associée au mobile, l'autre considérée fixe dans l'espace par rapport auquel le mobile se déplace.These devices each include two separate parts, namely an interrogation unit and an answering machine, these two separate parts being one associated with the mobile, the other considered fixed in the space with respect to which the mobile is moving.

L'ensemble d'interrogation comprend lui-même un ensemble d'émission et un ensemble de réception.The interrogation assembly itself comprises a transmission assembly and a reception assembly.

Il est évidemment relié à des circuits de traitement de l'information reçue en fonction des applications visées et pour assurer ces fonctions, cet ensemble d'interrogation et les circuits de traitement sont reliés à une alimentation en énergie électrique.It is obviously connected to circuits for processing the information received as a function of the applications targeted and to perform these functions, this interrogation assembly and the processing circuits are connected to a supply of electrical energy.

Un des problèmes longtemps posé mais résolu à ce jour est notamment celui de parvenir à un répondeur qui est dit passif du fait qu'il s'alimente à partir du signal reçu de l'ensemble d'interrogation et qu'en conséquence, il est dépourvu d'alimentation propre en énergie électrique que ce soit par piles ou par raccordement à un réseau de distribution.
Dans un de ces dispositifs connus (FR-A-2.195.812) :
- l'ensemble d'interrogation comprend, d'une part, tournés en direction de la zone où on surveille le passage du répondeur deux émetteurs, l'un d'un signal haute fréquence sous la forme d'une onde électromagnétique, l'autre d'un signal de plus basse fréquence qui, dans cet exemple, crée un champ électrostatique et, d'autre part, un récepteur du signal élaboré par le répondeur à partir des signaux reçus des emetteurs lors de son passage dans la zone précitée puis aussitôt réémis par le dit répondeur,
- le répondeur comprend principalement des éléments d'antenne auxquels est relié un composant non linéaire tel une diode connue pour sa faculté à modifier et notamment à mélanger les signaux reçus avant leur réémission vers le récepteur sous la forme d'une porteuse modulée.One of the problems long posed but resolved to date is notably that of arriving at an answering machine which is said to be passive because it feeds on the signal received from the interrogation assembly and that consequently, it is without its own electric power supply, either by batteries or by connection to a distribution network.
In one of these known devices (FR-A-2.195.812):
- the interrogation unit comprises, on the one hand, turned towards the zone where the passage of the transponder is monitored by two transmitters, one of a high frequency signal in the form of an electromagnetic wave, the another of a signal of lower frequency which, in this example, creates an electrostatic field and, on the other hand, a receiver of the signal worked out by the responder from the signals received from the transmitters during its passage in the aforementioned zone then immediately reissued by said responder,
- The transponder mainly comprises antenna elements to which a non-linear component such as a diode known for its ability to modify and in particular to mix the signals received before their retransmission to the receiver in the form of a modulated carrier is connected.

Le récepteur démodule alors ce signal et traite sa composante de plus basse fréquence.The receiver then demodulates this signal and processes its lower frequency component.

Conçu pour l'application à la surveillance à la sortie d'un magasin du passage d'articles porteurs d'une étiquette sensible réalisant le répondeur, ce dispositif fait appel à un ensemble d'interrogation dont les dimensions sont incompatibles avec les limites notamment de gabarit imposées dans les applications aux moyens de transport et surtout sont sensibles à la présence du répondeur dans un espace très large et donc manquent de la précision nécessaire pour, par exemple, recaler des indicateurs de positionnement mais encore et surtout peut être perturbé par les moyens de surveillance d'une voie parallèle d'autant plus qu'il ne donne aucune information sur le sens de déplacement.Designed for application to surveillance at the exit of a store from the passage of articles carrying a sensitive label making the answering machine, this device uses a set of interrogation whose dimensions are incompatible with the limits in particular of template imposed in applications to means of transport and above all are sensitive to the presence of the answering machine in a very large space and therefore lack the precision necessary to, for example, reset positioning indicators but again and above all can be disturbed by the means of monitoring a parallel channel, all the more since it gives no information on the direction of movement.

Dans un autre dispositif connu à ce jour (FR-A-2.593.761), l'ensemble d'interrogation comprend :
- un moyen de modulation en amplitude d'un signal haute fréquence et de puissance assez élevée (environ 10 GHz et 200 mW) à l'aide d'un signal à moyenne fréquence (environ 200 KHz) hachant la porteuse en tout ou rien au rythme de la fréquence de l'onde produite par un oscillateur et
- des moyens d'émission de cette porteuse haute fréquence ainsi prémodulée en amplitude vers le point où on surveille le passage du répondeur dans son déplacement par rapport à l 'ensemble d'interrogation.In another device known to date (FR-A-2,593,761), the interrogation assembly comprises:
a means of amplitude modulation of a high frequency signal and of fairly high power (approximately 10 GHz and 200 mW) using a medium frequency signal (approximately 200 KHz) chopping the carrier all or nothing at rhythm of the frequency of the wave produced by an oscillator and
- Means for transmitting this high frequency carrier thus pre-modulated in amplitude towards the point where the passage of the answering machine in its movement relative to the interrogation assembly is monitored.

Cet ensemble d'interrogation comprend également des moyens de réception d'au moins une porteuse haute fréquence surmodulée en amplitude par le répondeur qui, lorsqu'il passe au point surveillé par l'ensemble d'interrogation reçoit le signal émis et, à l'aide d'un circulateur, en distribue :
- une fraction dans une voie où un circuit restitue les signaux d'horloge et les applique à une ligne à retard qui va donc les déphaser d'une certaine valeur, inférieure à la largeur des impulsions, et
- une autre fraction dans une voie où la porteuse déjà modulée va à nouveau être découpée par les impulsions de la ligne à retard.This interrogation assembly also comprises means for receiving at least one high frequency carrier overmodulated in amplitude by the answering machine which, when it passes to the point monitored by the interrogation assembly receives the signal transmitted and, at the using a circulator, distribute:
- a fraction in a channel where a circuit restores the clock signals and applies them to a delay line which will therefore phase them by a certain value, less than the width of the pulses, and
- another fraction in a channel where the already modulated carrier will again be cut by the pulses of the delay line.

C'est la porteuse ainsi doublement découpée qui est aussitôt réémise par le répondeur vers le récepteur qui démodule et traite le signal par comparaison de phase.It is the carrier thus doubly cut out which is immediately retransmitted by the responder to the receiver which demodulates and processes the signal by phase comparison.

Avec de tels dispositifs, il est connu de personnaliser les répondeurs afin d'identifier au moins un mobile ou au moins un point de son déplacement.With such devices, it is known to personalize the answering machines in order to identify at least one mobile or at least one point of its movement.

Pour cela, la ligne à retard des différents répondeurs a sa constante de temps qui est adaptée et le comparateur de phase de l'ensemble d'interrogation reçoit des références propres à chaque déphasage possible.For this, the delay line of the various responders has its time constant which is adapted and the phase comparator of the interrogation assembly receives references specific to each possible phase shift.

Pour pouvoir déterminer le sens de déplacement du mobile, il est également connu d'utiliser un répondeur comprenant deux circuits de réception du signal et qui sont écartés l'un de l'autre selon une direction parallèle à la trajectoire du mobile.To be able to determine the direction of movement of the mobile, it is also known to use an answering machine comprising two signal reception circuits and which are spaced from one another in a direction parallel to the trajectory of the mobile.

Une disposition avantageuse connue des circuits de réception du répondeur est une disposition dite symétrique c'est à dire à une même distance de part et d'autre de l'antenne de réémission du répondeur.An advantageous arrangement known to the receiving circuits of the answering machine is a so-called symmetrical arrangement, that is to say at the same distance on either side of the re-transmitting antenna of the answering machine.

Compte tenu du faible encombrement que les circuits doivent présenter, ceux-ci sont réalisés sous la forme d'un circuit imprimé.Given the small footprint that the circuits must have, these are produced in the form of a printed circuit.

Les inconvénients de ce dispositif connu sont les perturbations par les signaux en provenance de voies parallèles à celle surveillée et surtout une précision dans la détermination du passage du mobile au droit du point déterminé de sa trajectoire encore insuffisante compte tenu des exigences des moyens notamment informatiques chargés de traiter les informations reçues par exemple pour déterminer la vitesse et assurer le recalage des capteurs cinémométriques.The drawbacks of this known device are the disturbances by signals from channels parallel to that being monitored and above all a precision in determining the passage of the mobile at the right of the determined point of its trajectory which is still insufficient taking into account the requirements of the means, in particular IT loaded. to process the information received for example to determine the speed and ensure the registration of the cinemometric sensors.

Un des résultats que l'invention vise à obtenir est un dispositif du type cité plus haut qui soit très précis sans pour autant faire appel à des composants plus onéreux ou fragiles que les dispositifs connus à ce jour.One of the results that the invention aims to obtain is a device of the type mentioned above which is very precise without calling on more expensive or fragile components than the devices known to date.

A cet effet, elle a pour objet un tel dispositif notamment caractérisé en ce que :
- d'une part, le double circuit de réception que comprend le répondeur, comprend deux organes générant au passage du mobile au point surveillé deux signaux de natures sensiblement équivalentes et,
- d'autre part, ces organes sont conçus et reliés entre eux de manière à donner à au moins l'une des caractéristiques de ces signaux des valeurs opposées qui, en se combinant, forment au moins un signal résultant dont au moins une caractéristique, en au moins un point prédéterminé du passage de l'émetteur au droit du répondeur, varie de manière brutale selon une amplitude de variation discernable des éventuelles autres variations de la caractéristique considérée du dit signal résultant pour constituer ainsi un phénomène notamment électrique ci-après dit top qui délimite dans le signal résultant deux parties distinctes chacune d'une certaine durée.To this end, it relates to such a device notably characterized in that:
on the one hand, the double reception circuit which the answering machine comprises, comprises two members generating, when the mobile passes through the monitored point, two signals of substantially equivalent nature and,
- on the other hand, these members are designed and interconnected so as to give at least one of the characteristics of these signals opposite values which, by combining, form at least one resulting signal including at least one characteristic, at at least one predetermined point in the passage from the transmitter to the right of the responder, varies abruptly according to an amplitude of variation discernible from any other variations of the characteristic considered of said resulting signal for thus constituting a particularly electrical phenomenon hereinafter called top which delimits in the resulting signal two separate parts each of a certain duration.

L'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description ci-après faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui représente :

  • - figure 1 : le principe général du dispositif de l'invention,
  • - figure 2 : une variante préférée de réalisation de ce dispositif,
  • - figure 3 : le détail des composants de l'ensemble d'interrogation,
  • - figure 4 : le schéma synoptique de l'antenne du répondeur,
  • - figure 5 : le schéma synoptique de réalisation de l'antenne du répondeur dans une variante de réalisation.
  • - figures 6 à 9 : différents graphes de variation en fonction du temps de l'enveloppe de signaux exploités dans le dispositif de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description below given by way of nonlimiting example with regard to the attached drawing which represents:
  • - Figure 1: the general principle of the device of the invention,
  • FIG. 2: a preferred variant embodiment of this device,
  • - Figure 3: details of the components of the interrogation assembly,
  • - Figure 4: the block diagram of the answering machine antenna,
  • - Figure 5: the block diagram of the answering machine antenna in an alternative embodiment.
  • - Figures 6 to 9: different graphs of variation as a function of time of the envelope of signals used in the device of the invention.

En se reportant au dessin, on voit que le dispositif 1 de détection du passage d'au moins un mobile 2 en au moins un point déterminé 3 de son déplacement, au long d'une trajectoire 4 à l'intérieur d'un espace par rapport auquel on apprécie les dits déplacements du mobile, comprend classiquement deux ensembles séparés 5, 6 à savoir un ensemble d'interrogation 5 et un répondeur 6, ces deux ensembles séparés étant l'un associé au mobile, l'autre considéré fixe notamment sur un support 6a sensiblement continu situé au long de la trajectoire selon laquelle se déplace le mobile.Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that the device 1 for detecting the passage of at least one mobile 2 at at least one determined point 3 of its movement, along a trajectory 4 inside a space by report to which we appreciate the said movements of the mobile, conventionally comprises two separate sets 5, 6 namely an interrogation set 5 and an answering machine 6, these two separate sets being one associated with the mobile, the other considered fixed in particular on a support 6 has substantially continuous located along the path along which the mobile moves.

Dans l'exemple représenté, c'est l'ensemble d'interrogation 5 qui est associé au mobile 2 et le répondeur 6 qui est fixe mais, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, l'ensemble d'interrogation peut être fixe et le répondeur mobile.In the example shown, it is the interrogation unit 5 which is associated with the mobile 2 and the answering machine 6 which is fixed but, without departing from the scope of the invention, the interrogation unit can be fixed and the mobile answering machine.

L'ensemble d'interrogation 5 qui comprend lui-même un ensemble d'émission 7 et un ensemble de réception 8 est relié à un moyen 9 de traitement de l'information reçue et, pour assurer ces fonctions, cet ensemble est relié à une source (non représentée) d'alimentation en énergie électrique.The interrogation assembly 5 which itself comprises a transmission assembly 7 and a reception assembly 8 is connected to a means 9 for processing the information received and, to perform these functions, this assembly is connected to a source (not shown) of electrical energy supply.

Le répondeur 6 est par contre du type dit passif du fait qu'il est dépourvu d'alimentation en énergie électrique propre que ce soit par pile ou par raccordement à un réseau de distribution.The responder 6, on the other hand, is of the so-called passive type because it does not have a supply of clean electrical energy, whether by battery or by connection to a distribution network.

Il s'alimente donc à partir du signal reçu de l'ensemble d'interrogation.It therefore feeds on the signal received from the interrogation unit.

L'ensemble d'émission 7 comprend deux émetteurs 10, 11 dont les émissions sont dirigées sensiblement vers un point 12 fixe par rapport à l'ensemble d'interrogation où on surveille le passage d'un point 13 quant à lui fixe par rapport au répondeur.The transmission assembly 7 comprises two transmitters 10, 11 the emissions of which are directed substantially towards a point 12 fixed relative to the interrogation assembly where the passage of a point 13 is monitored as for it fixed with respect to the answering machine.

L'un de ces points 12, 13 peut constamment être sensiblement confondu avec le point 3 de la trajectoire où on surveille le passage du mobile 2.One of these points 12, 13 can constantly be substantially confused with point 3 of the trajectory where the passage of the mobile 2 is monitored.

Par contre, les points 12, 13 ne sont confondus qu'au moment où le mobile passe au point déterminé 3 de la trajectoire 4.On the other hand, the points 12, 13 are not confused until the mobile moves to the determined point 3 of the trajectory 4.

L'un (10) des émetteurs 10, 11 émet un signal haute fréquence 14 sous la forme d'une onde électromagnétique, l'autre 11 émet un signal de plus basse fréquence 15.One (10) of the transmitters 10, 11 transmits a high frequency signal 14 in the form of an electromagnetic wave, the other 11 transmits a lower frequency signal 15.

Ils comprennent chacun une source 16, 17 et une antenne 18, 19 adaptée et accordée à la fréquence émise.They each include a source 16, 17 and an antenna 18, 19 adapted and tuned to the transmitted frequency.

Le répondeur 6 comprend principalement des éléments 20, 21, 22 d'antennes adaptées et accordées à la réception des signaux précités 14, 15 auxquels éléments est relié un composant 23 non linéaire tel une diode qui, dès que le répondeur reçoit les deux signaux précités, de manière connue, les mélange et réémet aussitôt ce mélange, sous la forme d'une porteuse modulée 24, vers au moins une antenne 25 que comprend évidemment le récepteur 8.The responder 6 mainly comprises elements 20, 21, 22 of antennas adapted and tuned to the reception of the aforementioned signals 14, 15 to which elements is connected a non-linear component 23 such as a diode which, as soon as the responder receives the two aforementioned signals , in a known manner, mixes them and immediately retransmits this mixture, in the form of a modulated carrier 24, to at least one antenna 25 which obviously includes the receiver 8.

Dans l'exemple représenté, dans l'ensemble d'interrogation 5, l'antenne 18 d'émission d'un signal haute fréquence 14 et l'antenne 25 de réception de la porteuse modulée 24 sont confondues et, de ce fait, ces antennes 18, 25 sont raccordées à la source haute fréquence 16 et au circuit 26 interne au récepteur 8 par un circulateur 27.In the example shown, in the interrogation assembly 5, the antenna 18 for transmitting a high frequency signal 14 and the antenna 25 for receiving the modulated carrier 24 are combined and, therefore, these antennas 18, 25 are connected to the high frequency source 16 and to the circuit 26 internal to the receiver 8 by a circulator 27.

Dans le cas où plusieurs mobiles circulent sur la trajectoire 4, le dispositif ci-dessus décrit comprend également des moyens 28 en vue d'identifier au moins l'un de ces mobiles 2 et ou au moins l'un des points déterminés 3 de la trajectoire 4.In the case where several mobiles circulate on the trajectory 4, the device described above also comprises means 28 with a view to identifying at least one of these mobiles 2 and or at least one of the determined points 3 of the trajectory 4.

Afin de pouvoir déterminer le sens de déplacement du mobile, le répondeur 6 comprend un double circuit 29 de réception d'un même signal et les antennes 20, 21 de ce double circuit sont écartées l'une de l'autre selon une direction au moins sensiblement parallèle à la trajectoire du mobile.In order to be able to determine the direction of movement of the mobile, the responder 6 comprises a double circuit 29 for receiving the same signal and the antennas 20, 21 of this double circuit are spaced from one another in at least one direction substantially parallel to the path of the mobile.

De préférence, les deux antennes 20, 21 de ce double circuit 29 du répondeur sont disposées sensiblement symétriquement, c'est à dire à même distance de part et d'autre de son antenne de réémission 22.Preferably, the two antennas 20, 21 of this double circuit 29 of the answering machine are arranged substantially symmetrically, that is to say at the same distance on either side of its retransmission antenna 22.

Elles sont réalisées sous la forme de circuits imprimés.They are produced in the form of printed circuits.

Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention :
- d'une part, le double circuit 29 de réception que comprend le répondeur comprend deux organes 20, 21 générant au passage du mobile au point surveillé deux signaux 31, 32 de natures sensiblement équivalentes et,
- d'autre part, ces organes 20, 21 sont conçus et reliés entre eux de manière à donner à au moins l'une des caractéristiques de ces signaux 31, 32 des valeurs opposées qui, en se combinant, forment au moins un signal résultant R dont au moins une caractéristique, en au moins un point prédéterminé 3, 13 du passage de l'émetteur 5 au droit du répondeur 6, varie de manière brutale selon une amplitude de variation discernable des éventuelles autres variations de la caractéristique considérée du dit signal résultant R pour constituer ainsi un phénomène notamment électrique ci-aprés dit top 30 qui délimite dans le signal résultant R deux parties distinctes Ra, Rb chacune d'une certaine durée T₁ et T₂.According to an essential characteristic of the invention:
on the one hand, the dual reception circuit 29 which the answering machine comprises comprises two members 20, 21 generating, when the mobile passes through the monitored point, two signals 31, 32 of substantially equivalent nature and,
- on the other hand, these members 20, 21 are designed and interconnected so as to give at least one of the characteristics of these signals 31, 32 opposite values which, when combined, form at least one resulting signal R of which at least one characteristic, at at least one predetermined point 3, 13 of the passage from the transmitter 5 to the right of the responder 6, varies abruptly according to an amplitude of variation discernible from any other variations of the characteristic considered of said signal resulting R to thus constitute a phenomenon in particular electrical hereafter called top 30 which delimits in the resulting signal R two distinct parts R a , R b each of a certain duration T₁ and T₂.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention :
- le signal de plus basse fréquence 15 est transmis par l 'ensemble d'émission 7 correspondant sous la forme d'un champ magnétique à l'aide d'une antenne 19 réalisant un bobinage primaire 19 et,
- les deux antennes 20, 21 du double circuit 29 de réception du répondeur, adaptées et accordées pour cette fréquence :
. d'une part, constituent deux bobinages secondaires 20, 21 qui sont agencés de manière, lors du passage du bobinage primaire 19, non seulement à être chacun soumis au champ magnétique émis par le dit bobinage primaire mais encore de manière, dans un stade intermédiaire, à y être tous deux simultanément soumis et,
. d'autre part, sont associées en opposition de manière, dans le stade intermédiaire du passage du bobinage primaire 19, à créer dans ces bobinages secondaires 20, 21, soumis simultanément au champ magnétique, des courants induits 31, 32 de valeurs absolues sensiblement égales mais de signes opposés.According to a characteristic of the invention:
the lower frequency signal 15 is transmitted by the corresponding transmission assembly 7 in the form of a magnetic field using an antenna 19 carrying out a primary winding 19 and,
- the two antennas 20, 21 of the dual circuit 29 for receiving the answering machine, adapted and tuned for this frequency:
. on the one hand, constitute two secondary windings 20, 21 which are arranged so, during the passage of the primary winding 19, not only to be each subjected to the field magnetic emitted by said primary winding but still so, in an intermediate stage, to be both simultaneously subjected to it and,
. on the other hand, are associated in opposition so as, in the intermediate stage of the passage of the primary winding 19, to create in these secondary windings 20, 21, simultaneously subjected to the magnetic field, induced currents 31, 32 of substantially equal absolute values but opposite signs.

Le signal résultant R qui, dans ce cas, est un courant électrique induit, est ainsi obtenu selon le principe du transformateur différentiel selon lequel un bobinage primaire 19 envoie de l'énergie vers deux bobinages secondaires 20, 21.The resulting signal R which, in this case, is an induced electric current, is thus obtained according to the principle of the differential transformer according to which a primary winding 19 sends energy to two secondary windings 20, 21.

En effet, ces bobinages secondaires étant associés en opposition et disposés l'un à côté de l'autre suivant la trajectoire du mobile qui porte le bobinage primaire 19, lorsque le dit bobinage primaire 19 est au dessus d'un des bobinages secondaires 20, 21, il permet d'obtenir dans ce bobinage secondaire un courant 31, 32 d'une certaine valeur absolue mais toujours de phase opposée à celui qui sera créé dans l'autre bobinage secondaire dans une situation symétrique du bobinage primaire.In fact, these secondary windings being associated in opposition and arranged one next to the other along the path of the mobile which carries the primary winding 19, when said primary winding 19 is above one of the secondary windings 20, 21, it makes it possible to obtain in this secondary winding a current 31, 32 of a certain absolute value but always of opposite phase to that which will be created in the other secondary winding in a symmetrical situation of the primary winding.

Quand le bobinage primaire 19 passe entre les deux bobinages secondaires 20, 21, en fonction du déplacement du bobinage primaire 19 sur l'axe de la trajectoire, l'un des courants secondaires subit une décroissance tandis que l'autre subit une croissance.When the primary winding 19 passes between the two secondary windings 20, 21, as a function of the displacement of the primary winding 19 on the axis of the trajectory, one of the secondary currents undergoes a decrease while the other undergoes a growth.

Comme dans le cas de l'invention, l'étendue du bobinage primaire 19 et/ou la distance qui sépare les deux bobinages secondaires 20, 21 est, suivant la trajectoire 4, telle que, au moins dans une position intermédiaire du bobinage primaire 19 par rapport aux bobinages secondaires 20, 21, le dit bobinage primaire 19 induise dans les deux bobinages secondaires des courants qui, une fois combinés pour produire le signal résultant R, s'annulent entre eux notamment en raison de leurs phases opposées et ce pendant une durée T₀ dépendant notamment de la vitesse du mouvement relatif de l'émetteur 5 et du répondeur 6 selon la trajectoire 4.As in the case of the invention, the extent of the primary winding 19 and / or the distance which separates the two secondary windings 20, 21 is, along the path 4, such that, at least in an intermediate position of the primary winding 19 with respect to the secondary windings 20, 21, the said primary winding 19 induces in the two secondary windings currents which, once combined to produce the resulting signal R, cancel each other out in particular due to their opposite phases and this during a duration T₀ depending in particular on the speed of the relative movement of the transmitter 5 and the responder 6 along the trajectory 4.

C'est cette conception du double circuit 29 qui permet d'engendrer au moins un top 30 de durée T₀ aisément reconnaissable et garantissant par la brutalité de sa survenance la précision de la détection.It is this design of the double circuit 29 which makes it possible to generate at least one top 30 of duration T₀ easily recognizable and guaranteeing by the brutality of its occurrence the precision of the detection.

Pour faciliter la compréhension de ce phénomène, on a tracé un certain nombre de graphes (figures 6 à 9) d'évolution en fonction du temps de l'enveloppe de signaux exploités dans le dispositif de l'invention, lesquels graphes sont calés sur une même origine du temps.To facilitate understanding of this phenomenon, a certain number of graphs (FIGS. 6 to 9) have been plotted as a function of time of the envelope of signals used in the device of the invention, which graphs are calibrated on a same origin of time.

Notamment en figures 6 et 7, sont représentés les graphes d'évolution d'une caractéristique de chacun des courants 31, 32 induits dans les deux bobinages secondaires 20, 21 considérée en valeur absolue.In particular in FIGS. 6 and 7, the graphs showing the evolution of a characteristic of each of the currents 31, 32 induced in the two secondary windings 20, 21 are considered in absolute value.

En figure 8, est représenté le graphe d'évolution du signal résultant R, soit en quelque sorte le courant composé avec les deux courants 31, 32 induits dans les bobinages secondaires 20, 21 également pris en valeur absolue.In FIG. 8, the graph of the evolution of the resulting signal R is represented, that is to say the current composed with the two currents 31, 32 induced in the secondary windings 20, 21 also taken in absolute value.

En figure 9, se trouve représenté un des graphes du signal réémis par le répondeur lors de son activation par l'ensemble d'interrogation.In Figure 9, there is shown one of the graphs of the signal retransmitted by the responder when it is activated by the interrogation unit.

Tel que cela apparaît, le top 30 dont il est question plus avant est encadré par deux parties du signal résultant qui s'étendent sur des durées respectives T₁ et T₂.As it appears, the top 30 which is discussed further is framed by two parts of the resulting signal which extend over respective durations T₁ and T₂.

Bien que cela ne soit pas représenté, on comprend que les durées T₁ et T₂ des parties encadrant le top 30 sont égales lorsque les bobinages sont identiques.Although this is not shown, it is understood that the durations T₁ and T₂ of the parts framing the top 30 are equal when the windings are identical.

Dans une forme préférée de réalisation, les deux bobinages 20, 21 sont dissymétriques de manière à générer, quelle que soit la vitesse de déplacement du mobile, des signaux 31, 32 de durées différentes entre elles en vue de donner aux parties Ra, Rb du signal résultant R qui encadrent le top 30 des durées T₁ et T₂ elles-mêmes différentes et donc discernables et,
- d'une part, les bobinages 20, 21 de chaque répondeur situé sur la trajectoire sont orientés de manière prédéterminée et connue de l'ensemble d'interrogation de manière telle que lors du traitement par le répondeur des parties Ra, Rb du signal résultant R caractérise le sens de déplacement de l'ensemble d'interrogation par rapport au dit répondeur et,
- d'autre part, le moyen de traitement 9 de l'ensemble d'interrogation comporte :
. au moins un moyen 33, 34 générant des impulsions selon une fréquence prédéterminée,
. au moins un moyen 35, 36 de comptage des nombres N₁, N₂ d'impulsions délivrés par le moyen générateur pendant la durée d'au moins l'une des composantes du signal résultant que sont les parties Ra, Rb et le top 30 qui sont retranscrites dans le signal 24 émis par le répondeur,
. au moins un moyen 37 de comparaison entre eux des nombres N₁, N₂ d'impulsions comptées et d'élaboration d'au moins un signal 39 reflétant l'état de la comparaison et donc caractérisant le sens du passage du mobile.In a preferred embodiment, the two windings 20, 21 are asymmetrical so as to generate, whatever the speed of movement of the mobile, signals 31, 32 of different durations between them in order to give the parts R a , R b of the resulting signal R which surround the top 30 of the durations T₁ and T₂ themselves different and therefore discernible, and,
- On the one hand, the windings 20, 21 of each responder located on the trajectory are oriented in a predetermined manner and known to the interrogation assembly in such a way that during the processing by the responder of the parts R a , R b of the resulting signal R characterizes the direction of movement of the interrogation assembly with respect to said responder and,
- on the other hand, the processing means 9 of the interrogation assembly comprises:
. at least one means 33, 34 generating pulses according to a predetermined frequency,
. at least one means 35, 36 for counting the numbers N₁, N₂ of pulses delivered by the generator means during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal that are the parts R a , R b and the top 30 which are transcribed in the signal 24 sent by the answering machine,
. at least one means 37 for comparing between them the numbers N₁, N₂ of counted pulses and for producing at least one signal 39 reflecting the state of the comparison and therefore characterizing the direction of passage of the mobile.

De préférence:
- d'une part, l'ensemble d'interrogation comporte au moins un moyen 40 de mesure de vitesse de déplacement du mobile qui est indépendant de son moyen de traitement 9 et génère au moins un signal 41 proportionnel à la vitesse et,
- d'autre part, le moyen de traitement comprend plusieurs moyens 33, 34 générateurs d'impulsions dont l'un 33 au moins exploite le signal 41 du moyen 40 de mesure de la vitesse et génère des impulsions à une fréquence proportionnelle à la dite vitesse de manière telle que le moyen 35 de comptage des impulsions pendant la durée d'au moins l'une des composantes du signal résultant que sont les parties Ra, Rb et le top 30 transcrites dans le signal 24 émis par le répondeur, tienne compte des nombres N₁, N₂ d'impulsions dont les ordres de grandeur sont indépendants de la vitesse du mobile.Preferably:
on the one hand, the interrogation assembly comprises at least one means 40 for measuring the speed of movement of the mobile which is independent of its processing means 9 and generates at least one signal 41 proportional to the speed and,
- on the other hand, the processing means comprises several means 33, 34 pulse generators of which at least one 33 uses the signal 41 of the means 40 for measuring the speed and generates pulses at a frequency proportional to the said speed so that the means 35 for counting the pulses during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal which are the parts R a , R b and the top 30 transcribed in the signal 24 transmitted by the responder, take into account the numbers N₁, N₂ of pulses whose orders of magnitude are independent of the speed of the mobile.

Par cela, le sens du déplacement peut être finalement déterminé sans erreur.By this, the direction of movement can finally be determined without error.

Le moyen de mesure de la vitesse du mobile qui influence le moyen générateur d'impulsions est par exemple du type basé sur la cinémométrie à effet Doppler.The means for measuring the speed of the mobile which influences the pulse generator means is for example of the type based on Doppler kinemometry.

De préférence, pour déterminer la vitesse V instantanée du véhicule lors de son passage au droit du répondeur, le moyen de traitement de l'ensemble d'interrogation comprend d'une part au moins un moyen 34 générateur d'impulsions selon une fréquence prédéterminée et, d'autre part, au moins un moyen 36 de comptage des impulsions au moins pendant la durée d'au moins l'une des composantes du signal résultant que sont les parties Ra, Rb et le top 30, qui sont transcrites dans le signal 24 émis par le répondeur.Preferably, to determine the instantaneous speed V of the vehicle during its passage to the right of the answering machine, the means for processing the interrogation assembly comprises on the one hand at least one means 34 generating pulses according to a predetermined frequency and , on the other hand, at least one means 36 for counting the pulses at least during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal that are the parts R a , R b and the top 30, which are transcribed in the signal 24 emitted by the responder.

La fréquence des impulsions générées par le moyen précité 34 est de préférence fixe.The frequency of the pulses generated by the above-mentioned means 34 is preferably fixed.

Cette redondance des comptages permet ainsi de sécuriser l'information recueillie et d'en augmenter la précision.This redundancy of counts thus makes it possible to secure the information collected and to increase its accuracy.

Avantageusement, le signal haute fréquence se situe parmi les fréquences les plus faibles de la bande des hyper-fréquences.Advantageously, the high frequency signal is located among the lowest frequencies in the hyper-frequency band.

De préférence, le signal haute fréquence est de l'ordre de 1 GHz et sa puissance est très faible et, par exemple, de 40 mW seulement ce qui limite le risque de création de perturbations radioélectriques et permet aux émissions de se situer à l'intérieur des normes radioélectriques les plus sévères dans ce domaine.Preferably, the high frequency signal is of the order of 1 GHz and its power is very low and, for example, of only 40 mW which limits the risk of creating radio interference and allows the emissions to be located at within the most stringent radio standards in this area.

Quant au signal dit de plus basse fréquence, il est choisi dans la gamme des moyennes fréquences de l'ordre de 1 à 10 MHz et, par exemple, d'environ 4 MHz.As for the so-called lower frequency signal, it is chosen from the range of medium frequencies of the order of 1 to 10 MHz and, for example, around 4 MHz.

L'optimisation du fonctionnement du système répondeur est réalisée au moyen des éléments suivants :
- un double bobinage différentiel plat 20, 21, accordé sur une moyenne fréquence, privilégiant le champ magnétique,
- une antenne 22 hyperfréquence plaquée, privilégiant l'onde électromagnétique,
- un composant 23 (diode) caractérisé par ses propriétés de non linéarité,
- des éléments 42 d'adaptation d'impédance (prise d'auto transformateur) permettant de transmettre le maximum d'énergie vers la diode et des éléments 43, 44 d'isolation (tronçon de ligne en constante répartie).Optimization of the functioning of the answering system is achieved by the following elements:
- a flat double differential winding 20, 21, tuned to a medium frequency, favoring the magnetic field,
- a plated microwave antenna 22, favoring the electromagnetic wave,
- a component 23 (diode) characterized by its non-linearity properties,
- Elements 42 of impedance adaptation (auto transformer plug) allowing the maximum energy to be transmitted to the diode and elements 43, 44 of insulation (line section in constant distributed).

L'ensemble est réalisé sur un circuit imprimé standard en verre epoxy.The assembly is carried out on a standard printed circuit in epoxy glass.

Pour la retransmission au moyen d'une liaison hertzienne, vers l'interrogateur, du signal caractéristique de la présence d'un répondeur au droit de celui-ci, au passage du véhicule en un endroit prédéterminé du parcours, le répondeur assure la transposition de sa caractéristique différentielle en trés haute fréquence afin de bénéficier des propriétés de rayonnement électro-magnétique et des faibles puissances nécessaires.For the retransmission by means of a hertzian link, towards the interrogator, of the signal characteristic of the presence of an answering machine at the right of this one, at the passage of the vehicle in a predetermined place of the course, the answering machine ensures the transposition of its differential characteristic into very high frequency in order to benefit from the electromagnetic radiation properties and the low powers required.

Pour cette trés haute fréquence, le répondeur est équipé d'une antenne unique à large bande permettant de recevoir une fréquence porteuse et de retransmettre vers l'interrogateur les premiers harmoniques crées par le répondeur.For this very high frequency, the responder is equipped with a single broadband antenna making it possible to receive a carrier frequency and retransmit to the interrogator the first harmonics created by the responder.

Cette antenne de type plaqué est placée entre les deux bobinages secondaires précités afin d'exploiter au mieux le large diagramme de rayonnement qu'elle procure et l'engendrer en lieu et place du champ magnétique lié aux bobinages.This plated type antenna is placed between the two aforementioned secondary windings in order to make the best use of the large radiation diagram that it provides and to generate it in place of the magnetic field linked to the windings.

De plus, les dimensions de l'ensemble s'en trouvent réduites d'autant.In addition, the dimensions of the assembly are reduced accordingly.

Avantageusement, les répondeurs peuvent être par construction accordés sur des moyennes fréquences différentes de manière à créer des mots numériques.Advantageously, the responders can by construction be tuned to different medium frequencies so as to create digital words.

L'émetteur moyenne fréquence fournira alors les différentes fréquences nécessaires au moyen de bobinages imprimés.The medium frequency transmitter will then supply the different frequencies required by means of printed coils.

Au centre de ceux-ci se trouve placée l'antenne hyperfréquence plaquée, de type dipôle par exemple.In the center of these is the plated microwave antenna, of the dipole type for example.

Le sous système d'émission "antennes" est ainsi constitué de cadres d'émission excités par une ou plusieurs sources moyenne fréquence et une antenne haute fréquence unique excitée par une source adaptée.The "antenna" transmission subsystem thus consists of transmission frames excited by one or more medium frequency sources and a single high frequency antenna excited by a suitable source.

De préférence, le couplage de l'émetteur de moyennes fréquences et du répondeur s'effectue au couplage critique afin de permettre à l'ensemble de travailler sur une bande de fréquence plus large.Preferably, the coupling of the mid-frequency transmitter and the responder is carried out with critical coupling in order to allow the assembly to work on a wider frequency band.

Selon l'invention, chaque répondeur comprend :
- au moins un moyen 28 de stockage d'au moins un message notamment numérique,
- au moins un moyen 45 de modulation du signal 24 émis par le dit répondeur vers l'ensemble d'interrogation en fonction du message contenu dans le moyen de stockage.According to the invention, each responder comprises:
at least one means 28 for storing at least one message, in particular a digital message,
at least one means 45 for modulating the signal 24 sent by said responder to the interrogation unit as a function of the message contained in the storage means.

Par exemple, selon l'invention, d'une part, le moyen 45 de modulation du signal 24 consiste en un oscillateur 46 et le moyen de stockage du message consiste en au moins un registre mémoire à décalage et d'autre part, ces moyens de modulation 45 et de stockage 28 prélèvent leur énergie de fonctionnement sur le signal de plus basse fréquence reçu par le répondeur.For example, according to the invention, on the one hand, the means 45 for modulating the signal 24 consists of an oscillator 46 and the message storage means consists of at least one register shift memory and on the other hand, these modulation 45 and storage means 28 draw their operating energy from the lower frequency signal received by the responder.

Avantageusement et afin de s'affranchir des problèmes de hauteur de caisse du véhicule par rapport à la voie, les moyens récepteurs de l'interrogateur comprennent :
- au moins un moyen 47 tel un diviseur de puissance qui sépare en deux voies le signal reçu du répondeur par l'ensemble d'interrogation,
- au moins un moyen 48, 49 qui, notamment synchronisé sur le signal haute fréquence produit dans la source 16 correspondante, induit un déphasage de pi/2 entre les signaux qui circulent sur chacune des voies précitées,
- au moins un moyen 50, 51 élevant au carré au moins l'une des caractéristiques de chaque signal,
- au moins un moyen 52 sommant les caractéristiques des signaux élevées au carré et produisant un signal composé adressé au moyen 9 de traitement de l'ensemble d'interrogation.Advantageously and in order to overcome problems with the height of the vehicle body with respect to the track, the receiving means of the interrogator comprise:
at least one means 47 such as a power divider which separates the signal received from the answering machine by the interrogation assembly into two channels,
at least one means 48, 49 which, in particular synchronized with the high frequency signal produced in the corresponding source 16, induces a phase shift of pi / 2 between the signals which circulate on each of the aforementioned channels,
- at least one means 50, 51 raising at least one of the characteristics of each signal squared,
at least one means 52 summing the characteristics of the signals squared and producing a compound signal addressed to the means 9 for processing the interrogation assembly.

L'antenne hyperfréquence 22 a un large diagramme de rayonnement qui permet de couvrir les champs moyennes fréquences et de bande passante suffisamment large pour laisser passer les raies spectrales des premiers harmoniques.The microwave antenna 22 has a large radiation diagram which makes it possible to cover the medium frequency and bandwidth fields sufficiently wide to allow the spectral lines of the first harmonics to pass.

Sur le dessin, on remarque également les éléments d'adaptation d'impédance et d'isolation de ligne dans l'environnement de la diode mélangeuse.In the drawing, we also notice the impedance adaptation and line isolation elements in the environment of the mixing diode.

Le circuit du répondeur est monté dans un boîtier en matière plastique, transparent aux ondes hyperfréquences et au champ magnétique et suffisamment robuste pour résister aux vibrations plus ou moins sévères se produisant lors du passage des véhicules à grande vitesse ainsi qu'aux projections de tous ordres : eau, graisse, huile . . .The answering machine circuit is mounted in a plastic case, transparent to microwave waves and the magnetic field and robust enough to withstand the more or less severe vibrations occurring during the passage of vehicles at high speed as well as projections of all kinds. : water, grease, oil. . .

Claims (10)

1. Dispositif (1) de détection du passage d'au moins un mobile (2) en au moins un point déterminé (3) de son déplacement, au long d'une trajectoire (4) à l'intérieur d'un espace par rapport auquel on apprécie les dits déplacements du mobile comprenant classiquement deux ensembles séparés (5, 6) à savoir un ensemble d'interrogation (5) et un répondeur (6), ces deux ensembles séparés étant l'un associé au mobile, l'autre considéré fixe notamment sur un support (6a) sensiblement continu situé au long de la trajectoire (4) selon laquelle se déplace le mobile,
dans lequel dispositif :
- l'ensemble d'interrogation (5) qui comprend lui-même un ensemble d'émission (7) et un ensemble de réception (8) est relié à un moyen (9) de traitement de l'information reçue et, pour assurer ces fonctions, cet ensemble est relié à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique,
- le répondeur (6) est par contre du type dit passif du fait qu'il est dépourvu d'alimentation en énergie électrique propre que ce soit par pile ou par raccordement à un réseau de distribution,
- l'ensemble d'émission (7) comprend deux émetteurs (10, 11) dont les émissions sont dirigées sensiblement vers le point (12) fixe par rapport à l'ensemble d'interrogation où on surveille le passage d'un point (13) quant à lui fixe par rapport au répondeur, l'un (10) des émetteurs (10, 11) émettant un signal haute fréquence (14) sous la forme d'une onde électromagnétique, l'autre (11) émettant un signal de plus basse fréquence (15), ces émetteurs comprenant chacun une source (16, 17) et une antenne (18, 19) adaptée et accordée à la fréquence ci-dessus,
- le répondeur (6) comprend :
. un double circuit (29) de réception d'un même signal et les antennes (20, 21) de ce double circuit sont écartées l'une de l'autre selon une direction au moins sensiblement parallèle à la trajectoire du mobile,
. principalement des éléments (20, 21, 22) d'antennes adaptées et accordées à la réception des signaux précités (14, 15) auxquels éléments est relié un composant (23) non linéaire tel une diode qui, dès que le répondeur reçoit les deux signaux précités, de manière connue, les mélange et réémet aussitôt ce mélange, sous la forme d'une porteuse modulée (24), vers au moins une antenne (25) que comprend le récepteur (8),
dans lequel dispositif éventuellement :
- l'ensemble d'interrogation comprend des moyens (28) en vue d'identifier au moins l'un des mobiles (2) et ou au moins l'un des points déterminés (3) de sa trajectoire (4),
- les antennes du double circuit du répondeur sont disposées sensiblement symétriquement, c'est à dire à même distance de part et d'autre de son antenne de réémission (22),
ce dispositif étant CARACTERISE en ce que :
- d'une part, le double circuit (29) de réception que comprend le répondeur, comprend deux organes (20, 21) générant au passage du mobile au point surveillé deux signaux (31, 32) de natures sensiblement équivalentes et,
- d'autre part, ces organes (20, 21) sont conçus et reliés entre eux de manière à donner à au moins l'une des caractéristiques de ces signaux (31, 32) des valeurs opposées qui, en se combinant, forment au moins un signal résultant (R) dont au moins une caractéristique, en au moins un point prédéterminé (3, 13) du passage de l'émetteur (5) au droit du répondeur (6), varie de manière brutale selon une amplitude de variation discernable des éventuelles autres variations de la caractéristique considérée du dit signal résultant (R) pour constituer ainsi un phénomène notamment électrique ci-aprés dit top (30) qui délimite dans le signal résultant (R) deux parties (Ra, Rb) chacune d'une certaine durée (T₁ et T₂).1. Device (1) for detecting the passage of at least one mobile (2) at at least one determined point (3) of its movement, along a trajectory (4) inside a space by report to which we appreciate the said movements of the mobile conventionally comprising two separate sets (5, 6), namely an interrogation set (5) and an answering machine (6), these two separate sets being one associated with the mobile, the another considered fixed in particular on a support (6 a) located substantially continuous along the path (4) in which the mobile moves,
in which device:
- the interrogation assembly (5) which itself comprises a transmission assembly (7) and a reception assembly (8) is connected to a means (9) for processing the information received and, to ensure these functions, this assembly is connected to a source of electrical energy supply,
on the other hand, the responder (6) is of the so-called passive type due to the fact that it lacks a supply of clean electrical energy, whether by battery or by connection to a distribution network,
- the transmission assembly (7) comprises two transmitters (10, 11) whose emissions are directed substantially towards the point (12) fixed relative to the interrogation assembly where the passage of a point is monitored ( 13) meanwhile fixed with respect to the answering machine, one (10) of the transmitters (10, 11) emitting a high frequency signal (14) in the form of an electromagnetic wave, the other (11) emitting a signal of lower frequency (15), these transmitters each comprising a source (16, 17) and an antenna (18, 19) adapted and tuned to the above frequency,
- the answering machine (6) includes:
. a double circuit (29) for receiving the same signal and the antennas (20, 21) of this double circuit are spaced from one another in a direction at least substantially parallel to the path of the mobile,
. mainly elements (20, 21, 22) of antennas adapted and tuned to the reception of the aforementioned signals (14, 15) to which elements is connected a non-linear component (23) such as a diode which, as soon as the answering machine receives the two aforementioned signals, in a known manner, mixes them up and immediately retransmits this mixture, in the form of a modulated carrier (24), to at least one antenna (25) which the receiver (8),
in which device possibly:
the interrogation assembly comprises means (28) for identifying at least one of the mobiles (2) and or at least one of the determined points (3) of its trajectory (4),
the antennas of the dual circuit of the answering machine are arranged substantially symmetrically, that is to say at the same distance on either side of its retransmission antenna (22),
this device being CHARACTERIZED in that:
on the one hand, the double reception circuit (29) which the answering machine comprises, comprises two members (20, 21) generating, when the mobile passes by at the monitored point, two signals (31, 32) of substantially equivalent nature and,
- on the other hand, these members (20, 21) are designed and interconnected so as to give at least one of the characteristics of these signals (31, 32) opposite values which, when combined, form at at least one resulting signal (R) of which at least one characteristic, at at least one predetermined point (3, 13) of the passage from the transmitter (5) to the right of the responder (6), varies abruptly according to an amplitude of variation discernible from any other variations of the characteristic considered of said resulting signal (R) to thus constitute a phenomenon in particular electrical hereinafter called top (30) which delimits in the resulting signal (R) two parts (R a , R b ) each of a certain duration (T₁ and T₂). 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que :
- le signal de plus plus basse fréquence (15) est transmis par l'ensemble d'émission (7) sous la forme d'un champ magnétique à l'aide d'une antenne (19) réalisant un bobinage primaire (19)et,
- les deux antennes (20, 21) du double circuit (29) de réception du répondeur, adaptées et accordées pour cette fréquence :
. d'une part, constituent deux bobinages secondaires (20, 21) qui sont agencés de manière, lors du passage du bobinage primaire (19), non seulement à être chacun soumis au champ magnétique émis par le dit bobinage primaire mais encore de manière, dans un stade intermédiaire, à y être tous deux simultanément soumis et,
. d'autre part, sont associées en opposition de manière, dans le stade intermédiaire du passage du bobinage primaire (19), à créer, dans ces bobinages secondaires (20, 21), soumis simultanément au champ magnétique, des courants induits (31, 32) de valeurs absolues sensiblement égales mais de signes opposés.2. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that:
the lower frequency signal (15) is transmitted by the transmission assembly (7) in the form of a magnetic field using an antenna (19) carrying out a primary winding (19) and ,
- the two antennas (20, 21) of the dual circuit (29) for receiving the answering machine, adapted and tuned for this frequency:
. on the one hand, constitute two secondary windings (20, 21) which are arranged so, during the passage of the primary winding (19), not only to be each subjected to the magnetic field emitted by said primary winding but also so, in an intermediate stage, to be both simultaneously submitted to it and,
. on the other hand, are associated in opposition so as, in the intermediate stage of the passage of the primary winding (19), to create, in these secondary windings (20, 21), subjected simultaneously to the magnetic field, induced currents (31, 32) of substantially equal absolute values but of opposite signs. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que les deux bobinages (20, 21) sont dissymétriques de manière à générer, quelle que soit la vitesse de déplacement du mobile, des signaux (31, 32) de durées différentes entre elles en vue de donner aux parties (Ra, Rb) du signal résultant (R) qui encadrent le top (30) des durées (T₁ et T₂) elles-mêmes différentes et donc discernables et,
- d'une part, les bobinages (20, 21) de chaque répondeur situé sur la trajectoire sont orientés de manière prédéterminée et connue de l'ensemble d'interrogation de manière telle que lors du traitement par le répondeur des parties (Ra, Rb) du signal résultant (R) caractérise le sens de déplacement de l'ensemble d'interrogation par rapport au dit répondeur et,
- d'autre part, le moyen de traitement (9) de l'ensemble d'interrogation comporte :
. au moins un moyen (33, 34) générant des impulsions selon une fréquence prédéterminée,
. au moins un moyen (35, 36) de comptage des nombres (N₁, N₂) d'impulsions délivrés par le moyen générateur pendant la durée d'au moins l'une des composantes du signal résultant que sont les parties (Ra, Rb) et le top (30) qui sont transcrites dans le signal (24) émis par le répondeur,
. au moins un moyen (37) de comparaison entre eux des nombres (N₁, N₂) d'impulsions comptées et d'élaboration d'au moins un signal (39) reflétant l'état de la comparaison et donc caractérisant le sens du passage du mobile.3. Device according to claim 2 characterized in that the two windings (20, 21) are asymmetrical so as to generate, whatever the speed of movement of the mobile, signals (31, 32) of different durations between them in view to give to the parts (R a , R b ) of the resulting signal (R) which frame the top (30) of the durations (T₁ and T₂) which are themselves different and therefore discernible and,
- on the one hand, the windings (20, 21) of each responder located on the trajectory are oriented in a predetermined manner and known to the interrogation assembly so that during the processing by the responder of the parts (R a , R b ) of the resulting signal (R) characterizes the direction of movement of the interrogation assembly with respect to said responder and,
- on the other hand, the processing means (9) of the interrogation assembly comprises:
. at least one means (33, 34) generating pulses according to a predetermined frequency,
. at least one means (35, 36) for counting the numbers (N₁, N₂) of pulses delivered by the generator means during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal which are the parts (R a , R b ) and the top (30) which are transcribed in the signal (24) emitted by the answering machine,
. at least one means (37) for comparing between them the numbers (N₁, N₂) of counted pulses and for producing at least one signal (39) reflecting the state of the comparison and therefore characterizing the direction of passage of the mobile. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que pour déterminer la vitesse (V) instantanée du véhicule lors de son passage au droit du répondeur, le moyen de traitement de l'ensemble d'interrogation comprend d'une part au moins un moyen (34) générateur d'impulsions selon une fréquence prédéterminée et, d'autre part, au moins un moyen (36) de comptage des impulsions au moins pendant la durée d'au moins l'une des composantes du signal résultant que sont les parties (Ra, Rb) et le top (30) qui sont transcrites dans le signal (24) émis par le répondeur.4. Device according to claim 3 characterized in that to determine the instantaneous speed (V) of the vehicle during its passage to the right of the answering machine, the means for processing the interrogation assembly comprises on the one hand at least one means (34) pulse generator at a predetermined frequency and, on the other hand, at least one means (36) for counting the pulses at least during the duration of at least one of the components of the resulting signal which are the parts (R a , R b ) and the top (30) which are transcribed in the signal (24) sent by the answering machine. 5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le signal haute fréquence se situe parmi les fréquences les plus faibles de la bande des hyper-fréquences.5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the high frequency signal is located among the lowest frequencies of the hyper-frequency band. 6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que le signal haute fréquence est de l'ordre de 1 GHz et sa puissance est trés faible et, par exemple, de 40 mW seulement ce qui limite le risque de création de perturbations radioélectriques.6. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the high frequency signal is of the order of 1 GHz and its power is very low and, for example, only 40 mW which limits the risk of creating radio interference. 7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que le signal dit de plus basse fréquence est choisi dans la gamme des moyennes fréquences de l'ordre de 1 à 10 MHz et, par exemple, d'environ 4 MHz.7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the so-called lower frequency signal is chosen from the range of medium frequencies of the order of 1 to 10 MHz and, for example, around 4 MHz. 8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce que l'antenne haute fréquence du répondeur:
- est placée entre les deux bobinages secondaires (20, 21) précités afin d'exploiter au mieux le large diagramme de rayonnement qu'elle procure et l'engendrer en lieu et place du champ magnétique lié aux bobinages,
- est d'un type à large bande permettant de recevoir une fréquence porteuse et de retransmettre vers l'interrogateur les premiers harmoniques crées par le répondeur.8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the high-frequency antenna of the answering machine:
- is placed between the two aforementioned secondary windings (20, 21) in order to make the best use of the large radiation diagram that it provides and to generate it in place of the magnetic field linked to the windings,
- is of a broadband type enabling a carrier frequency to be received and the first harmonics created by the responder to be transmitted back to the interrogator. 9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisé en ce que les moyens récepteurs de l'interrogateur comprennent :
- au moins un moyen (47) tel un diviseur de puissance qui sépare en deux voies le signal reçu du répondeur par l'ensemble d'interrogation,
- au moins un moyen (48, 49) qui, notamment synchronisé sur le signal haute fréquence produit par la source (16) correspondante, induit un déphasage de pi/2 entre les signaux qui circulent sur chacune des voies précitées,
- au moins un moyen (50, 51) élevant au carré au moins l'une des caractéristiques de chaque signal,
- au moins un moyen (52) sommant les caractéristiques des signaux élevées au carré et produisant un signal composé adressé au moyen (9) de traitement de l'ensemble d'interrogation.9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that the receiving means of the interrogator comprise:
- at least one means (47) such as a power divider which separates the signal received from the answering machine by the interrogation unit into two channels,
- at least one means (48, 49) which, in particular synchronized with the high frequency signal produced by the corresponding source (16), induces a phase shift of pi / 2 between the signals which circulate on each of the aforementioned channels,
- at least one means (50, 51) squaring at least one of the characteristics of each signal,
- At least one means (52) summing the characteristics of the signals squared and producing a compound signal addressed to the means (9) for processing the interrogation assembly. 10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé en ce que chaque répondeur comprend : - au moins un moyen (28) de stockage d'au moins un message notamment numérique,
- au moins un moyen (45) de modulation du signal (24) émis par le dit répondeur vers l'ensemble d'interrogation en fonction du message contenu dans le moyen de stockage.10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that each answering machine comprises: - at least one means (28) for storing at least one message, in particular a digital message,
- At least one means (45) for modulating the signal (24) transmitted by said responder to the interrogation unit as a function of the message contained in the storage means.
EP90400866A 1989-04-04 1990-03-29 Device for the detection of the passage of at least one moving body at at least one determinate point of its displacement Expired - Lifetime EP0391775B1 (en)

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FR8904773A FR2645309B1 (en) 1989-04-04 1989-04-04 DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE PASSAGE OF AT LEAST ONE MOBILE AT AT LEAST A DETERMINED POINT OF ITS MOVEMENT
FR8904773 1989-04-04

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FR2593761A1 (en) * 1986-01-24 1987-08-07 Sfim Railway signalling system for recognising a predetermined vehicle when it passes a given point

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5293979A (en) * 1991-12-10 1994-03-15 Coin Acceptors, Inc. Coin detection and validation means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69009573T2 (en) 1994-09-22
US5068655A (en) 1991-11-26
FR2645309A1 (en) 1990-10-05
EP0391775B1 (en) 1994-06-08
ATE106809T1 (en) 1994-06-15
DE69009573D1 (en) 1994-07-14
FR2645309B1 (en) 1991-06-07

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