EP0396033B1 - Vehicle windscreen antenna for frequencies above the high frequency range - Google Patents

Vehicle windscreen antenna for frequencies above the high frequency range Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0396033B1
EP0396033B1 EP90108025A EP90108025A EP0396033B1 EP 0396033 B1 EP0396033 B1 EP 0396033B1 EP 90108025 A EP90108025 A EP 90108025A EP 90108025 A EP90108025 A EP 90108025A EP 0396033 B1 EP0396033 B1 EP 0396033B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
conductors
heating
antennas
per
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90108025A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0396033A2 (en
EP0396033A3 (en
Inventor
Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier
Gerhard Prof. Dr.-Ing. Flachenecker
Jochen Dr.-Ing. Hopf
Leopold Dr.-Ing. Reiter
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Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0396033A2 publication Critical patent/EP0396033A2/en
Publication of EP0396033A3 publication Critical patent/EP0396033A3/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1278Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens in association with heating wires or layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for frequencies above the high-frequency range, which is mounted in a window pane, in particular a motor vehicle window, together with a heating field for the window heating.
  • Antennas are known from DE 36 184 52 A1 and from published patent application DE 37 196 92 A1, in which the heating field or the heating fields on a pane are also used as antennas for the reception of signals in the meter wave range.
  • the antenna connections are each located on the busbars and on a point of the metallic frame which is adjacent to the connection point on the busbar and which generally surrounds the entire window pane in the form of the conductive body.
  • the possibility is used to tap different reception signals at different points on the busbars and the frame for further processing in an antenna diversity system.
  • the antenna conductors and the heating conductors are designed as conductors printed on the glass and in the case of multi-pane laminated glass as thin wires inserted between the glass panes.
  • the number of antennas that can be formed by tapping received signals on the busbars is limited due to the difficulty of the required decoupling between these signals.
  • the number of subdivisions is very limited for a number of vehicle-technical reasons and, not least, also for cost reasons for the number of decoupling networks required as a result.
  • FR-A-2282728 describes a vehicle window which has both an antenna and a heating field with vertical heating conductors for heating the vehicle window.
  • the antenna is arranged in a central area of the vehicle window that is free of a heat conductor, while the heating field is divided into two partial heating areas, each on the side of the central area, are separated from the antenna by a conductor-free space.
  • FR-A-2 2601194 also describes a motor vehicle window pane antenna which is at the same time arranged in the window pane with a heating field consisting of parallel conductors.
  • the antenna consists of a flat conductor, which is inserted as a transparent, electrically conductive film between the layers of a laminated glass.
  • the heating conductors are electrically insulated from it on the outside of the laminated glass.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to show surprising possibilities in an antenna arrangement of the generic type, such as in a motor vehicle window with a heating field other antennas can be accommodated for which the above restrictions do not exist.
  • Fig. 2 Antenna arrangement according to the invention with two conductors lying substantially perpendicular to the heating conductors and connected to these with high-frequency, low-resistance to enlarge the capacitively acting area.
  • connection point 9 on the heating conductor 5 at a not too large distance 11 from the capacitively effective surface for connecting the antenna connection point 8.
  • FIG. 5b Antenna arrangement according to the invention as in FIG. 5a, but with only one vertical conductor, with additional conductors parallel to the heating conductors.
  • Fig. 5c antenna arrangement according to the invention as in Fig. 5a, but with connection of a second antenna part in the asymmetrical point of the surface.
  • Fig. 6 Antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the capacitive surface for increasing the capacity is formed by stylistic ornaments made of conductive material.
  • Antenna arrangement according to the invention but consisting of two capacitively acting surfaces in a heating field or partial heating field and the antenna connections 8a and 8b for decoupling antenna signals between the terminals 8a and 8b or the terminal pairs 8a and 3 and 8b and 3.
  • Antenna arrangement according to the invention but consisting of two capacitive surfaces, both of which are formed in separate partial heating fields with the antenna connection point 8a and 8b for decoupling the antenna signals from the pane field with a line perpendicular to the window pane.
  • Fig. 8c Antenna arrangement according to the invention as in Fig. 8a, with the antenna connection point 8a and 8b for decoupling the antenna signals from the pane field with a line perpendicular to the window pane, hidden, e.g. under a spoiler.
  • the window pane being built into the plastic frame of a body, but with a conductive frame with an interruption point, for example, attached along the edge of the pane, the interruption point to form a resonance effect is connected to a suitable complex impedance Z.
  • 10b First and second antenna parts printed on the glass pane 1a for an antenna according to FIG. 10a, wherein to increase the high-frequency coupling between the conductor part 6 and the heating wires opposite the plastic film, parallel conductors 24 are printed.
  • 10c Cross section through a laminated glass pane according to FIG. 10a with the glass pane 1b and the heating conductors 5 lying there, the insulating film 26a and the capacitive conductors 24 printed on the opposite glass pane 1a.
  • Fig. 12 Like Fig. 11, but only with three antennas.
  • Fig. 13 Meandering design of the heating wires in some areas to improve the decoupling between adjacent capacitively acting surfaces and the busbars.
  • Fig. 14 Diversity antennas in a window pane with two divided heating fields and three antennas according to the invention, an additional antenna in the free space above the heating field and possibly with prior art antenna connections on the busbars at the edge of the pane.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heatable window pane 1 with heating conductors 5 which are parallel to one another and run horizontally in this example.
  • the busbars for supplying the direct heating current with the busbar connections 15 and 16 are arranged essentially perpendicular to the heating conductors. In the case of vertically arranged heating conductors, the busbars are essentially horizontal. All of the effects described below can be transferred analogously to the case of vertical heating conductors.
  • the heating conductors are either screen-printed on the surface of the vehicle window and then galvanically reinforced to achieve a low-resistance value required for heating purposes, or in vehicles made of double-pane laminated glass, between the two glass windows, e.g. in the form of thin tungsten wires.
  • the heating conductors 5 are wire-shaped.
  • the area of a vehicle window covered by the heating field is usually so large that only comparatively narrow strips remain above and below the heating field, the dimensions of which do not allow the realization of antennas for the meter wave range with the good properties specified in the published patent application DE 3719692 A1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic arrangement of an antenna according to the invention. This consists of the heating conductors 5, a first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors and a second conductor part 7. This arrangement aims to produce a coupling to the heating conductors 5 for the design of a capacitively acting surface for the antenna.
  • This area is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1 and is formed from the first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors, which crosses the parallel heating conductors almost vertically and is connected to them at the intersection points 25 with high-frequency, low-impedance, so that the crossed heating conductors are connected to each other in the area of the capacitively acting surface at a relatively low-impedance, high-frequency.
  • the heating conductors shown horizontally in the figure and crossed by the conductor 6 contribute in the vicinity of the crossing points 25 to the formation of the capacitively acting surface 10. Due to the wire-shaped design of the heating conductors, they have a relatively large inductive resistance per unit length in their longitudinal direction.
  • the first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors is designed in such a way that it connects the heating conductors crossed by it to one another in a comparatively low-resistance manner.
  • the second conductor part 7 of the antenna conductor is used, with its antenna connection point 8 at the edge of the pane, where the antenna signal is tapped between the connection points 8 and the ground point 3 of the conductive frame 2 surrounding the pane. It is important, among other things, that there is a high-frequency, low-impedance connection at the intersection points 25 between the horizontal heat conductors 5 in the example and the first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors.
  • the first conductor part 6 of the antenna conductor for the heating currents would represent undesirable shunts, via which compensation currents can flow between the individual heating conductors 5 which are parallel to one another, as a result of which the defrosting properties of the heating disk are undesirably changed.
  • this is avoided in that the first part 6 of the antenna conductor crosses the heating conductors 5 in such a way that the individual crossing points 25 lie on a line of the heating voltage which Points equal Potentials connects so that hardly any compensating currents flow in the antenna conductor 6.
  • FIG. 2 A particularly advantageous embodiment of a capacitively acting surface 10 is shown in FIG. 2, in which two first antenna conductors 6a and 6b are laid parallel to one another along equipotential lines of the heating voltage, that is to say essentially perpendicular to the heating conductors 5 running parallel to one another.
  • the coupling to this capacitive surface takes place by connecting the second antenna part 7 to the connection point 9, which is located on a heating conductor 5.
  • the connection point 9 is chosen approximately in the middle between the conductors 6a and 6b.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to the second antenna part, which is formed in FIG. 3 as conductors 7a, b and c and 7.
  • This arrangement leads to a reduction in the effective inductance of this antenna part, which results in an increase in its capacitive effect, so that the total capacitance of the antenna at the connection point 8 essentially consists of the capacitively acting surface 10 and the capacitively acting surface which is formed by the conductors 7a, b and c.
  • connection point 9 of the second antenna part 7 it may be necessary, as in FIG. 4, to attach the connection point 9 of the second antenna part 7 to a heating conductor 5 at a distance 11 from the next first antenna part 6a. Adequate coupling To ensure the capacitively acting surface 10 on the second antenna part 7, the distance 11 must be chosen to be sufficiently small.
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c in order to enlarge the capacitively acting surface 10 in the spaces between the heating conductors, additional conductors parallel to these are introduced, which are connected to the conductor parts 6 and 6a, 6b.
  • the capacitively acting surface 10 can also, as in FIG. 6, be effectively enlarged by high-frequency conductive stylistic ornaments 13, which preferably connect adjacent heating conductors 5 to one another via the intersection points 25 with high-frequency, low-impedance.
  • the Decoupling can be increased by introducing inductive elements into the heating conductor. In FIG. 7, this is brought about by inductances 14, which are realized by a meandering design of the heating conductors.
  • the inductance of the heating conductor 5 can, for. B. can also be enlarged by applying a ferrite material. If the heating conductor is meandering, e.g. a ferrite plate can be glued to the meander structure.
  • All antennas according to the invention thus have the advantage that the electrical system for direct current supply to the heating field can generally be connected to the busbars without separate networks which influence the high-frequency impedance between the busbar and the body. In the event that small, impedance-correcting networks should nevertheless be necessary, these can be made considerably less complex if the distance 26 is chosen accordingly.
  • the heating conductors 5 arranged parallel to one another are arranged essentially horizontally in the vehicle window.
  • the reception of vertically polarized waves is essential, in particular for antennas for the radio telephone, but also in some countries for antennas for FM radio reception.
  • the vertically polarized electric fields are usually received particularly well.
  • Antennas whose antenna connection point is formed on the busbars, do not have this advantage and therefore preferably receive electromagnetic waves with horizontal polarization.
  • two capacitively acting surfaces are formed within the heating field.
  • the second antenna conductors 7a and 7b are led to the connection points 8a and 8b.
  • the connection points 8a and 8b together with a conductive frame 2 and a ground point 3 located in the vicinity of the antenna connection points 8a and 8b, three antenna voltages arise in the case of reception.
  • two capacitive surfaces 10a and 10b are also used, the first antenna parts 6a and 6b of surface 10a or 6'a and 6'b of surface 10b being different in order to increase the decoupling of these surfaces from one another Partial heating fields are arranged, which are fed in direct current via busbar pairs 4a, 4b and 4c, 4d separated from one another at high frequency. Due to the horizontal distance 27 of the two surfaces 10a and 10b and the two heating fields arranged one above the other, a dipole-like antenna is formed between the antenna connections 8a and 8b, which has both a vertical and a horizontal extension and thus for the reception of vertically polarized waves as well is also suitable for horizontally polarized waves.
  • the antenna conductors 7a, 7b of the second antenna part 7 are guided to the points 28a and 28b on the pane surface and the conductors 7a 'and 7b' in attached substantially perpendicular to the motor vehicle window and led to the connection points 8a and 8b, which are located, for example, in the area of a plastic spoiler 21.
  • the antenna conductors 7a and 7b in FIG. 8c can also be designed as heating conductors 5, if these are of the capacitive type Surfaces 10a and 10b would be extended towards the busbars.
  • a choke with sufficient inductance could then be used, for example, to bridge the direct current path between the terminals 8a and 8b.
  • a conductive frame 22 around the pane edge e.g. printed on.
  • this conductive frame 22 can be interrupted at a suitable point and brought to resonance in a desired frequency range by wiring with a frequency-dependent complex impedance 20.
  • FIG. 10a shows an antenna in a double-pane laminated glass.
  • this is formed by the fact that the heating conductors 5 are embedded as thin wires on one side of the insulating film 26a in FIG. 10c and antenna conductors 6 are introduced on the other side of the thin insulating film 26a, such that between the conductors 6 and the heating conductors 5 have the largest possible capacitive coupling.
  • the conductors 6 are provided with horizontal conductors 24 in FIG. 10b, which run parallel to the heating conductors over their length.
  • the antenna conductor configuration consisting of the second antenna part 7, the first antenna part 6 with the horizontal capacitive conductors 24, is preferably printed on the glass pane 1a, as can be seen in FIG. 10b.
  • the busbars are interrupted and by introducing first antenna conductors 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d to the corresponding second antenna conductors 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are connected, four connection points 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are formed for four antennas decoupled from one another, the respectively associated ground connection 3 being formed on the adjacent metallic frame 2.
  • the heating currents are supplied via the busbar terminals 15a and 16a or 15b and 16b.
  • This arrangement also enables the formation of four further antenna connections on the busbars, provided that these are connected via their connections to the direct current network for supplying heating current with the aid of appropriate decoupling networks.
  • These antenna connection points are formed in FIG. 11 with the connections 15a, 15b and 16a and 16b, it being possible for the respective ground connection to be found at the adjacent frame point.
  • the busbars can be operated without antenna connections when the invention is used, and the capacitively acting surfaces thus formed can be sufficiently decoupled in terms of radio frequency by suitable attachment of the first antenna conductors 6a, 6b and 6c in FIG. 12.
  • the decoupling takes place by choosing a suitable distance 27. In practice, this distance is given by half the distance between the busbars.
  • the third capacitive Surface that is formed with the first antenna conductor 6a is decoupled from the busbars and thus from the other two capacitively acting surfaces around the first antenna conductors 6b and 6c in that the first antenna conductor 6a does not cross any heating conductors that are also from the antenna conductors 6b and 6c are crossed. This and by attaching it in the middle of the pane ensures the greatest possible length of a heating conductor path between the conductor 6a and the conductors 6c and 6b.
  • the decoupling between the capacitively acting surfaces is not sufficient, the decoupling can be increased by introducing separating inductive elements which, as shown in FIG. 13, are realized by meandering the heating conductors between the individual capacitively acting surfaces 10.
  • the busbars of the upper and lower heating fields are connected to one another via high-frequency insulating chokes 17.
  • the reception of LMK is also necessary.
  • Their receive voltage can be tapped between points 8d and 3. This tap can also be used for the reception of the FM frequencies, so that the antenna in FIG. 14 has a total of four FM antennas for antenna diversity and one LMK antenna.
  • the possibility of realizing a large number of individual antennas with the aid of the heating field by designing the capacitively acting surfaces according to the invention can also be used to form certain desired directional diagrams in the transmission case as well as in the reception case.
  • a desired directional diagram can be achieved better than with a smaller number of available antennas.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung für Frequenzen oberhalb des Hochfrequenzbereichs, die in einer Fensterscheibe, insbesondere einer Kraftfahrzeugscheibe, zusammen mit einem Heizfeld für die Scheibenheizung angebracht ist.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement for frequencies above the high-frequency range, which is mounted in a window pane, in particular a motor vehicle window, together with a heating field for the window heating.

Es sind aus DE 36 184 52 A1 und aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 37 196 92 A1 Antennen bekannt, bei denen das Heizfeld bzw. die Heizfelder auf einer Scheibe als Antennen für den Empfang von Signalen im Meterwellenbereich mitbenutzt werden.Antennas are known from DE 36 184 52 A1 and from published patent application DE 37 196 92 A1, in which the heating field or the heating fields on a pane are also used as antennas for the reception of signals in the meter wave range.

Die Antennenanschlüsse befinden sich jeweils an den Sammelschienen und an einem dem Anschlußpunkt auf der Sammelschiene benachbarten Punkt des metallischen Rahmens, der die gesamte Fensterscheibe in Form der leitenden Karosserie im allgemeinen umgibt. Hierbei wird die Möglichkeit genutzt, an verschiedenen Stellen der Sammelschienen und des Rahmens voneinander unterschiedliche Empfangssignale zur Weiterverarbeitung in einem Antennendiversitysystem abzugreifen. Die Antennenleiter und die Heizleiter sind im Fall eines Einscheibenglases als auf das Glas gedruckte Leiter und im Fall des Mehrscheibenverbundglases als zwischen die Glasscheiben eingebrachte dünne Drähte ausgeführt.The antenna connections are each located on the busbars and on a point of the metallic frame which is adjacent to the connection point on the busbar and which generally surrounds the entire window pane in the form of the conductive body. Here, the possibility is used to tap different reception signals at different points on the busbars and the frame for further processing in an antenna diversity system. In the case of single-pane glass, the antenna conductors and the heating conductors are designed as conductors printed on the glass and in the case of multi-pane laminated glass as thin wires inserted between the glass panes.

Diese bekannten Antennen besitzen den Nachteil, daß das Bordnetz für die Gleichstromzuführung, das zwangsweise an die Sammelschienen angeschlossen ist, die Impedanzverhältnisse der Antennen wesentlich beeinflußt. Zur hochfrequenzmäßigen Entkopplung der Sammelschienen von dem Bordnetz, über das der Heizungsgleichstrom zugeführt wird, werden deshalb geeignete Entkopplungsnetzwerke verwendet, wie sie z.B. in DE 36 184 52 A1, Fig. 7, (Blöcke 6a, b, c, d) und in DE 37 196 92 A1, Fig. 1, (Blöcke 6a, b, c, d) ersichtlich sind. In der Automobiltechnik sind zur Realisierung dieser Netzwerke getrennte Komponenten erforderlich, deren Handhabung in Verbindung mit der dafür erforderlichen Lagerhaltung teuer ist.These known antennas have the disadvantage that the on-board electrical system for the direct current supply, which is forcibly connected to the busbars, has a significant influence on the impedance conditions of the antennas. Suitable decoupling networks are therefore used for the high-frequency decoupling of the busbars from the vehicle electrical system, via which the heating direct current is supplied, as described, for example, in DE 36 184 52 A1, FIG. 7, (blocks 6a, b, c, d) and in DE 37 196 92 A1, Fig. 1, (blocks 6a, b, c, d) can be seen. In automotive engineering separate components are required to implement these networks, the handling of which in connection with the storage required for this is expensive.

Zum anderen ist die Anzahl der Antennen, die man durch Abgriff von Empfangssignalen an den Sammelschienen bilden kann, wegen der Schwierigkeit der erforderlichen Entkopplung zwischen diesen Signalen begrenzt. Zur Bildung mehrerer Antennen aus dem Heizfeld ist es deshalb nach dem Stand der Technik - bei Abgriff der Antennensignale an den Sammelschienen - aus Gründen der Entkopplung der Antennen voneinander notwendig, das Heizfeld einfach bzw. mehrfach durch Unterbrechung der Sammelschienen zu unterteilen. Die Anzahl der Unterteilungen ist aus mehreren fahrzeugtechnischen Gründen und nicht zuletzt auch aus Kostengründen für die dadurch notwendige Anzahl von Entkopplungsnetzwerken sehr begrenzt. Deshalb besteht der Wunsch, das Heizfeld zwar als Antenne mitzubenutzen, jedoch die Anzahl der Antennenanschlüsse an den Sammelschienen so klein wie möglich zu halten.On the other hand, the number of antennas that can be formed by tapping received signals on the busbars is limited due to the difficulty of the required decoupling between these signals. In order to form several antennas from the heating field, it is therefore necessary according to the prior art - when the antenna signals are tapped from the busbars - to decouple the antennas from one another, to divide the heating field simply or several times by interrupting the busbars. The number of subdivisions is very limited for a number of vehicle-technical reasons and, not least, also for cost reasons for the number of decoupling networks required as a result. There is therefore a desire to use the heating field as an antenna, but to keep the number of antenna connections on the busbars as small as possible.

Es ist zwar auch bekannt, zusätzlich zur oben beschriebenen Ausnutzung des Heizfeldes als Antenne bzw. als mehrere Antennen in dem nicht vom Heizfeld belegten Teil der Kraftfahrzeugscheibe eine oder mehrere aus einem oder mehreren zusammengeschalteten Antennenleitern bestehende Antennen anzubringen. Da aber der heizfeldfreie Teil der Kraftfahrzeugscheibe nur sehr klein ist, kann hier nur eine sehr geringe Zahl solcher Antennen untergebracht werden; zudem ist man aus Platzgründen auf schmale Antennen beschränkt, selbst dann, wenn breiter verlaufende Antennenstrukturen wünschenswert wären.It is also known to mount one or more antennas consisting of one or more interconnected antenna conductors in addition to the use of the heating field described above as an antenna or as a plurality of antennas in the part of the motor vehicle window not occupied by the heating field. However, since the heating field-free part of the motor vehicle window is only very small, only a very small number of such antennas can be accommodated here; in addition, for reasons of space, one is limited to narrow antennas, even if broader antenna structures would be desirable.

Ferner ist in der FR-A-2282728 eine Fahrzeugscheibe beschrieben, die sowohl eine Antenne als auch ein Heizfeld mit vertikalen Heizleitern zur Beheizung der Fahrzeugscheibe aufweist. Dabei ist die Antenne in einem heizleiterfreien Mittenbereich der Fahrzeugscheibe angeordnet, während das Heizfeld in zwei Teilheizfelder aufgeteilt ist, die jeweils seitlich des Mittenbereichs, von der Antenne durch einen leiterfreien Raum getrennt, angeordnet sind.Furthermore, FR-A-2282728 describes a vehicle window which has both an antenna and a heating field with vertical heating conductors for heating the vehicle window. The antenna is arranged in a central area of the vehicle window that is free of a heat conductor, while the heating field is divided into two partial heating areas, each on the side of the central area, are separated from the antenna by a conductor-free space.

Weiterhin ist in der FR-A-2 2601194 ebenfalls eine Kraftfahrzeug-Fensterscheiben-Antenne beschrieben, die zugleich mit einem aus parallelen Leitern bestehenden Heizfeld in der Fensterscheibe angeordnet ist. Die Antenne besteht aus einem flächenhaften Leiter, der als transparenter elektrisch leitender Film zwischen die Schichten eines Verbundglases eingelegt ist. Die Heizleiter sind elektrisch isoliert davon auf der Außenseite des Verbundglases angebracht.Furthermore, FR-A-2 2601194 also describes a motor vehicle window pane antenna which is at the same time arranged in the window pane with a heating field consisting of parallel conductors. The antenna consists of a flat conductor, which is inserted as a transparent, electrically conductive film between the layers of a laminated glass. The heating conductors are electrically insulated from it on the outside of the laminated glass.

Schließlich ist in der älteren nachveröffentlichten EP-A1-0 346 591 eine Unipol-Antenne mit leitendem Rahmen beschrieben und dargestellt, die als Antenne für Frequenzen oberhalb des Hochfrequenzbereichs in einer Fensterscheibe zusammen mit einem Heizfeld angeordnet ist und die auch die übrigen Merkmale des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 aufweist. Diese Unipol-Antenne ist vor allem drei Einschränkungen unterworfen, die beim Gegenstand der Erfindung in Wegfall kommen. So wird bei ihr als wesentlich verlangt, daß die das Heizfeld kreuzenden Antennenleiter mit den Drähten des Heizfeldes galvanisch verbunden sind. Ferner sind die das Heizfeld kreuzenden Antennenleiter in einem der Scheibenmitte nahen Bereich, der symmetrisch zur vertikalen Scheibenmittelachse ist, anzuordnen. Auch werden horizontale Heizleiter vorausgesetzt. Diese Einschränkungen wirken sich nachteilig aus: Die Anordnung der Antenne in der Scheibenmitte erschwert es, mehrere Antennen über die gesamte Scheibenbreite verteilt unterzubringen.Finally, in the older post-published EP-A1-0 346 591 a Unipol antenna with a conductive frame is described and shown, which is arranged as an antenna for frequencies above the high frequency range in a window pane together with a heating field and which also has the other features of the preamble of Claim 1 has. This Unipol antenna is primarily subject to three restrictions, which are eliminated in the subject matter of the invention. It is essential for her that the antenna conductors crossing the heating field are galvanically connected to the wires of the heating field. Furthermore, the antenna conductors crossing the heating field are to be arranged in a region close to the center of the pane, which is symmetrical to the vertical center axis of the pane. Horizontal heating conductors are also required. These restrictions have a disadvantageous effect: The arrangement of the antenna in the center of the pane makes it difficult to accommodate several antennas distributed over the entire pane width.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, bei einer Antennenanordnung der gattungsgemäßen Art überraschende Möglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, wie in einer Kraftfahrzeugscheibe mit Heizfeld sich weitere Antennen unterbringen lassen, für die die oben genannten Einschränkungen nicht bestehen.The object of the invention is therefore to show surprising possibilities in an antenna arrangement of the generic type, such as in a motor vehicle window with a heating field other antennas can be accommodated for which the above restrictions do not exist.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

Die Erfindung wird in den folgenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Im einzelnen zeigt:The invention is explained in more detail in the following drawings. In detail shows:

Fig. 1: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung mit metallischem Rahmen und kapazitiv wirkender Fläche, gebildet durch einen im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Heizleitern liegenden und mit diesen hochfrequent niederohmig verbundenen Leiter, mit Antennenanschlußstelle mit den Klemmen 8 und 3.1: Antenna arrangement according to the invention with a metallic frame and a capacitively acting surface, formed by a conductor lying essentially perpendicular to the heating conductors and connected to them with a high frequency and low impedance, with an antenna connection point with the terminals 8 and 3.

Fig. 2: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung mit zwei im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Heizleitern liegenden und mit diesen hochfrequent niederohmig verbundenen Leitern zur Vergrößerung der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche.Fig. 2: Antenna arrangement according to the invention with two conductors lying substantially perpendicular to the heating conductors and connected to these with high-frequency, low-resistance to enlarge the capacitively acting area.

Fig. 3: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung mit mehreren parallel geschalteten Antennenleitern zum induktivitätsarmen Anschluß der Anschlußstelle 8 an die kapazitiv wirkende Fläche.3: Antenna arrangement according to the invention with several antenna conductors connected in parallel for low-inductance connection of the connection point 8 to the capacitively acting surface.

Fig. 4: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung mit Anschlußpunkt 9 am Heizleiter 5 im nicht zu großen Abstand 11 von der kapazitiv wirksamen Fläche zum Anschluß der Antennenanschlußstelle 8.4: Antenna arrangement according to the invention with connection point 9 on the heating conductor 5 at a not too large distance 11 from the capacitively effective surface for connecting the antenna connection point 8.

Fig. 5a: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung mit einem zusätzlichen zu den Heizleitern im wesentlichen senkrechten Leiter und mit zusätzlichen zwischen den parallelen Heizleitern und zu diesen parallel geführten Zusatzleitern zur Vergrößerung der Kapazität.5a: Antenna arrangement according to the invention with an additional conductor substantially perpendicular to the heating conductors and with additional additional conductors between the parallel heating conductors and parallel to these in order to increase the capacitance.

Fig. 5b: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 5a, jedoch mit nur einem senkrechten Leiter, mit zusätzlichen zu den Heizleitern parallelen Leitern.5b: Antenna arrangement according to the invention as in FIG. 5a, but with only one vertical conductor, with additional conductors parallel to the heating conductors.

Fig. 5c: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 5a, jedoch mit Anschluß eines zweiten Antennenteils im unsymmetrischen Punkt der Fläche.Fig. 5c: antenna arrangement according to the invention as in Fig. 5a, but with connection of a second antenna part in the asymmetrical point of the surface.

Fig. 6: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung, bei der die kapazitiv wirkende Fläche zur Vergrößerung der Kapazität durch stilistische Ornamente aus leitendem Material gebildet ist.Fig. 6: Antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the capacitive surface for increasing the capacity is formed by stylistic ornaments made of conductive material.

Fig. 7: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung mit bereichsweise mäanderförmig ausgeführten Heizleitern, zur Verbesserung der hochfrequenzmäßigen Entkopplung zwischen der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche und der Sammelschiene.7: Antenna arrangement according to the invention with regionally meandering heating conductors, to improve the high-frequency decoupling between the capacitively acting surface and the busbar.

Fig. 8a: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung, jedoch bestehend aus zwei kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen in einem Heizfeld bzw. Teilheizfeld und den Antennenanschlüssen 8a und 8b zur Auskopplung von Antennensignalen zwischen den Klemmen 8a und 8b bzw. den Klemmenpaaren 8a und 3 und 8b und 3.8a: Antenna arrangement according to the invention, but consisting of two capacitively acting surfaces in a heating field or partial heating field and the antenna connections 8a and 8b for decoupling antenna signals between the terminals 8a and 8b or the terminal pairs 8a and 3 and 8b and 3.

Fig. 8b: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung, jedoch bestehend aus zwei kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen, von denen beide in voneinander getrennten Teilheizfeldern gebildet sind mit der Antennenanschlußstelle 8a und 8b zur Auskopplung der Antennensignale aus dem Scheibenfeld mit einer Leitung senkrecht zur Fensterscheibe.8b: Antenna arrangement according to the invention, but consisting of two capacitive surfaces, both of which are formed in separate partial heating fields with the antenna connection point 8a and 8b for decoupling the antenna signals from the pane field with a line perpendicular to the window pane.

Fig. 8c: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 8a, mit der Antennenanschlußstelle 8a und 8b zur Auskopplung der Antennensignale aus dem Scheibenfeld mit einer Leitung senkrecht zur Fensterscheibe, verdeckt, z.B. unter einem Spoiler.Fig. 8c: Antenna arrangement according to the invention as in Fig. 8a, with the antenna connection point 8a and 8b for decoupling the antenna signals from the pane field with a line perpendicular to the window pane, hidden, e.g. under a spoiler.

Fig. 9: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung, wobei die Fensterscheibe in den Kunststoffrahmen einer Karosserie eingebaut ist, jedoch mit einem zum Beispiel längs des Scheibenrandes angebrachten leitenden Rahmen mit Unterbrechungsstelle, wobei die Unterbrechungsstelle zur Bildung einer Resonanzwirkung mit einer geeigneten komplexen Impedanz Z beschaltet ist.9: Antenna arrangement according to the invention, the window pane being built into the plastic frame of a body, but with a conductive frame with an interruption point, for example, attached along the edge of the pane, the interruption point to form a resonance effect is connected to a suitable complex impedance Z.

Fig. 10a: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung, bei der die Heizdrähte in einer Verbundglasscheibe auf der einen Seite der Kunststoffolie zwischen den Scheiben und erste und zweite Antennenteile auf die Oberfläche der Glasscheibe gedruckt sind, die von den Heizleitern getrennt auf der anderen Seite der Kunststoffolie zu liegen kommt.10a: Antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the heating wires are printed in a laminated glass pane on one side of the plastic film between the panes and first and second antenna parts on the surface of the glass pane, which are separated from the heating conductors on the other side of the plastic film comes to lie.

Fig. 10b: Erste und zweite Antennenteile aufgedruckt auf die Glasscheibe 1a für eine Antenne nach Fig. 10a, wobei zur Vergrößerung der hochfrequenten Verkopplung zwischen dem Leiterteil 6 und den der Kunststoffolie gegenüberliegenden Heizdrähten dazu parallele Leiter 24 gedruckt sind.10b: First and second antenna parts printed on the glass pane 1a for an antenna according to FIG. 10a, wherein to increase the high-frequency coupling between the conductor part 6 and the heating wires opposite the plastic film, parallel conductors 24 are printed.

Fig.10c: Querschnitt durch eine Verbundglasscheibe nach Fig. 10a mit der Glasscheibe 1b und den dort anliegenden Heizleitern 5, der isolierenden Folie 26a und den auf die gegenüberliegende Glasscheibe 1a aufgedruckten kapazitiven Leitern 24.10c: Cross section through a laminated glass pane according to FIG. 10a with the glass pane 1b and the heating conductors 5 lying there, the insulating film 26a and the capacitive conductors 24 printed on the opposite glass pane 1a.

Fig. 11: Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung mit vier Antennen, wobei die ersten Antennenleiter derart angebracht sind, daß benachbarte kapazitive Flächen durch möglichst lange Heizleiterbahnen voneinander getrennt sind.11: Antenna arrangement according to the invention with four antennas, the first antenna conductors being mounted in such a way that adjacent capacitive areas are separated from one another by heating conductor tracks which are as long as possible.

Fig. 12: Wie Fig. 11, jedoch nur mit drei Antennen.Fig. 12: Like Fig. 11, but only with three antennas.

Fig. 13: Bereichsweise mäanderförmige Ausführung der Heizdrähte zur Verbesserung der Entkopplung zwischen benachbarten kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen und den Sammelschienen.Fig. 13: Meandering design of the heating wires in some areas to improve the decoupling between adjacent capacitively acting surfaces and the busbars.

Fig. 14: Diversityantennen in einer Fensterscheibe mit zwei geteilten Heizfeldern und drei Antennen nach der Erfindung, einer zusätzlichen Antenne im freien Raum oberhalb des Heizfeldes und ggfs. mit Antennenanschlüssen nach dem Stande der Technik an den Sammelschienen am Scheibenrand.Fig. 14: Diversity antennas in a window pane with two divided heating fields and three antennas according to the invention, an additional antenna in the free space above the heating field and possibly with prior art antenna connections on the busbars at the edge of the pane.

In Fig. 1 ist eine heizbare Fensterscheibe 1 mit zueinander parallelen und in diesem Beispiel horizontal verlaufenden Heizleitern 5 gezeigt. Die Sammelschienen zur Zuführung des Heizgleichstroms mit den Sammelschienenanschlüssen 15 und 16 sind im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den Heizleitern angeordnet. Für den Fall vertikal angeordneter Heizleiter liegen die Sammelschienen im wesentlichen horizontal. Alle im folgenden beschriebenen Effekte lassen sich auf den Fall vertikaler Heizleiter analog übertragen. Die Heizleiter sind bei modernen Fahrzeugen entweder im Siebdruckverfahren auf die Oberfläche der Fahrzeugscheibe aufgedruckt und anschließend galvanisch verstärkt, um einen für die Heizzwecke erforderlichen niederohmigen Widerstandwert zu erreichen, oder bei Fahrzeugen aus Zweischeiben-Verbundglas, zwischen die beiden Glasscheiben, z.B. in Form von dünnen Wolframdrähten, eingelegt.1 shows a heatable window pane 1 with heating conductors 5 which are parallel to one another and run horizontally in this example. The busbars for supplying the direct heating current with the busbar connections 15 and 16 are arranged essentially perpendicular to the heating conductors. In the case of vertically arranged heating conductors, the busbars are essentially horizontal. All of the effects described below can be transferred analogously to the case of vertical heating conductors. In modern vehicles, the heating conductors are either screen-printed on the surface of the vehicle window and then galvanically reinforced to achieve a low-resistance value required for heating purposes, or in vehicles made of double-pane laminated glass, between the two glass windows, e.g. in the form of thin tungsten wires.

In beiden Fällen sind die Heizleiter 5 drahtförmig. Die vom Heizfeld bedeckte Fläche einer Fahrzeugscheibe ist dabei in der Regel so groß, daß oberhalb und unterhalb des Heizfelds nur vergleichsweise schmale Streifen frei bleiben, deren Abmessungen die Realisierung von Antennen für den Meterwellenbereich mit den in der Offenlegungsschrift DE 3719692 A1 angegebenen guten Eigenschaften nicht zulassen.In both cases, the heating conductors 5 are wire-shaped. The area of a vehicle window covered by the heating field is usually so large that only comparatively narrow strips remain above and below the heating field, the dimensions of which do not allow the realization of antennas for the meter wave range with the good properties specified in the published patent application DE 3719692 A1 .

Aus dem Stande der Technik ist bekannt, daß ein Heizfeld dieser Art als Antenne für den angegebenen Frequenzbereich benutzt werden kann, wenn der Antennenanschluß an einer Sammelschiene dieser Heizleiter erfolgt. Zur Vermeidung der nachteiligen Wirkung der an die Sammelschienen angeschlossenen Leiter zur Zuführung des Heizungsgleichstroms zeigt Fig. 1 die grundsätzliche Anordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Antenne. Diese besteht aus den Heizleitern 5, aus einem ersten Leiterteil 6 der drahtförmigen Antennenleiter und einem zweiten Leiterteil 7. Diese Anordnung zielt darauf ab, eine Ankopplung an die Heizleiter 5 für die Gestaltung einer kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche für die Antenne herzustellen.It is known from the prior art that a heating field of this type can be used as an antenna for the specified frequency range if the antenna connection is made to a busbar of this heating conductor. To avoid the disadvantageous effect of the conductors connected to the busbars for supplying the heating direct current, FIG. 1 shows the basic arrangement of an antenna according to the invention. This consists of the heating conductors 5, a first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors and a second conductor part 7. This arrangement aims to produce a coupling to the heating conductors 5 for the design of a capacitively acting surface for the antenna.

Diese Fläche ist gestrichelt in Fig. 1 angedeutet und bildet sich aus dem ersten Leiterteil 6 der drahtförmigen Antennenleiter, der die parallel verlaufenden Heizleiter nahezu senkrecht kreuzt und an den Kreuzungspunkten 25 hochfrequent niederohmig mit ihnen verbunden ist, so daß die gekreuzten Heizleiter im Bereich der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche verhältnismäßig niederohmig hochfrequent miteinander verbunden sind. Die im Bild horizontal dargestellten und vom Leiter 6 gekreuzten Heizleiter tragen in der Nähe der Kreuzungspunkte 25 zur Bildung der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche 10 bei. Aufgrund der drahtförmigen Ausbildung der Heizleiter besitzen diese in ihrer Längsrichtung einen verhältnismäßig großen induktiven Widerstand pro Längeneinheit. Dies bewirkt, daß in dem betrachteten Frequenzbereich oberhalb des HF-Bereichs über diese Heizleiter angeschaltete Elemente, wie z.B. die Sammelschienen 4a und 4b in Fig. 1 hochfrequenzmäßig gut entkoppelt sind. Dies bedeutet, daß die kapazitiv wirkende Fläche 10 als Element der Antenne weitgehend unabhängig von der hochfrequenzmäßigen Beschaltung der Sammelschienen 4a und 4b wirken kann, wenn der Abstand 26 des ersten Leiterteils 6 von diesen Sammelschienen hinreichend groß gewählt ist. Der Abstand muß somit je nach Entkopplungsforderung und nach Realisierung der gekreuzten Heizleiter und ihrer Zahl entsprechend groß gewählt werden. Wesentlich ist somit, daß der erste Leiterteil 6 der drahtförmigen Antennenleiter so gestaltet ist, daß er die von ihm gekreuzten zueinander parallelen Heizleiter verhältnismäßig niederohmig miteinander verbindet. Zur Ankopplung an die so ausgebildete kapazitiv wirkende Fläche 10 dient der zweite Leiterteil 7 der Antennenleiter, mit seiner Antennenanschlußstelle 8 am Scheibenrand, wo das Antennensignal zwischen den Anschlußpunkten 8 und dem Massepunkt 3 des die Scheibe umgebenden leitenden Rahmens 2 abgegriffen wird. Wesentlich ist u.a., daß an den Kreuzungspunkten 25 zwischen den im Beispiel horizontalen Heizleitern 5 und dem ersten Leiterteil 6 der drahtförmigen Antennenleiter eine hochfrequent niederohmige Verbindung herrscht.This area is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1 and is formed from the first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors, which crosses the parallel heating conductors almost vertically and is connected to them at the intersection points 25 with high-frequency, low-impedance, so that the crossed heating conductors are connected to each other in the area of the capacitively acting surface at a relatively low-impedance, high-frequency. The heating conductors shown horizontally in the figure and crossed by the conductor 6 contribute in the vicinity of the crossing points 25 to the formation of the capacitively acting surface 10. Due to the wire-shaped design of the heating conductors, they have a relatively large inductive resistance per unit length in their longitudinal direction. This has the effect that, in the frequency range under consideration above the HF range, elements connected via these heating conductors, such as busbars 4a and 4b in FIG. 1, are well decoupled in terms of radio frequency. This means that the capacitively acting surface 10 as an element of the antenna can act largely independently of the high-frequency wiring of the busbars 4a and 4b if the distance 26 of the first conductor part 6 from these busbars is chosen to be sufficiently large. The distance must therefore be chosen correspondingly large depending on the decoupling requirement and the realization of the crossed heating conductors and their number. It is therefore essential that the first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors is designed in such a way that it connects the heating conductors crossed by it to one another in a comparatively low-resistance manner. For coupling to the capacitively acting surface 10 formed in this way, the second conductor part 7 of the antenna conductor is used, with its antenna connection point 8 at the edge of the pane, where the antenna signal is tapped between the connection points 8 and the ground point 3 of the conductive frame 2 surrounding the pane. It is important, among other things, that there is a high-frequency, low-impedance connection at the intersection points 25 between the horizontal heat conductors 5 in the example and the first conductor part 6 of the wire-shaped antenna conductors.

Druckt man sowohl die Antennenleiter 6 als auch die Heizleiter 5 auf die Scheibe auf, so ergibt sich die galvanische Verbindung zwischen dem Antennenleiter 6 und den Heizleitern 5 automatisch und stellt sogar die Voraussetzung für eine kostengünstige Fertigung dar, da die isolierte Kreuzung von aufgedruckten Leitern technologisch wesentlich schwieriger zu realisieren ist.If you print both the antenna conductors 6 and the heating conductors 5 onto the pane, the galvanic connection between the antenna conductors 6 and the heating conductors 5 results automatically and even provides the prerequisite for one cost-effective production, since the isolated crossing of printed conductors is technologically much more difficult to implement.

Im Fall von zwischen die Einzelscheiben einer Verbundglasscheibe eingelegten Heizleitern 5 und ersten Leiterteilen 6 ergibt sich der galvanische Kontakt zwischen diesen Leitern beim Verkleben der beiden Einzelscheiben durch die zwischengelegte Kunststoffolie bei hoher Temperatur ebenfalls, wenn die beiden Leitertypen bei der Vorbereitung auf die gleiche Seite der Kunststoffolie aufgelegt werden. Hierbei ist es für eine erfindungsgemäße Antenne erforderlich, daß an keinem der Kreuzungspunkte 25 ein galvanischer Kontakt zustande kommt, da der Abstand der Heizleiter bei derartigen Scheiben so gering ist, daß eine große Zahl von Kreuzungspunkten 25 existiert und auch ohne einen überall an den Kreuzungspunkten 25 vorhandenen galvanischen Kontakt durch die kapazitive Verkopplung von Heizleitern und Antennenleitern 6 für die Frequenzen oberhalb des HF-Bereichs eine ähnliche elektrische Wirkung erzielt wird, wie sie eine galvanische Verbindung besitzt. Auch für diesen Fall, daß die Heizleiter 5 und der erste Leiterteil 6 des Antennenleiters auf den unterschiedlichen Seiten der Folie, also voneinander galvanisch getrennt, jedoch kapazitiv hochfrequent stark verkoppelt angeordnet sind, läßt sich eine kapazitiv wirkende Fläche 10 herstellen, wie später anhand der Fig. 10a bis 10c noch näher erläutert werden wird.In the case of heating conductors 5 and first conductor parts 6 inserted between the individual panes of a laminated glass pane, the galvanic contact between these conductors when the two individual panes are glued also results from the interposed plastic film at high temperature if the two types of conductors prepare on the same side of the plastic film be put on. It is necessary for an antenna according to the invention that there is no galvanic contact at any of the crossing points 25, since the spacing of the heating conductors in such panes is so small that a large number of crossing points 25 exist and also without one everywhere at the crossing points 25 existing galvanic contact by the capacitive coupling of heating conductors and antenna conductors 6 for the frequencies above the HF range, a similar electrical effect is achieved as it has a galvanic connection. In this case, too, that the heating conductors 5 and the first conductor part 6 of the antenna conductor are arranged on the different sides of the film, that is to say galvanically separated from one another, but are coupled in a capacitively high-frequency manner, a capacitively acting surface 10 can be produced, as will be described later with reference to FIG 10a to 10c will be explained in more detail.

Im Fall der galvanischen Verbindung an den Kreuzungspunkten würde der erste Leiterteil 6 der Antennenleiter für die Heizströme unerwünschte Nebenschlüsse darstellen, über die Ausgleichströme zwischen den einzelnen zueinander parallelen Heizleitern 5 fließen können, wodurch die Abtaueigenschaften der Heizscheibe in unerwünschter Weise verändert werden. Bei einer Antenne, bei der die Kreuzungspunkte die Antennenleiter und die Heizleiter 5 galvanisch verbinden, wird dies dadurch vermieden, daß der erste Teil 6 des Antennenleiters die Heizleiter 5 in einer Weise kreuzt, daß die einzelnen Kreuzungspunkte 25 auf einer Linie der Heizspannung liegen, die Punkte gleichen Potentials verbindet, so daß kaum Ausgleichsströme im Antennenleiter 6 fließen.In the case of a galvanic connection at the crossing points, the first conductor part 6 of the antenna conductor for the heating currents would represent undesirable shunts, via which compensation currents can flow between the individual heating conductors 5 which are parallel to one another, as a result of which the defrosting properties of the heating disk are undesirably changed. In the case of an antenna in which the crossing points galvanically connect the antenna conductors and the heating conductors 5, this is avoided in that the first part 6 of the antenna conductor crosses the heating conductors 5 in such a way that the individual crossing points 25 lie on a line of the heating voltage which Points equal Potentials connects so that hardly any compensating currents flow in the antenna conductor 6.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung einer kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche 10 ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt, in der zwei erste Antennenleiter 6a und 6b parallel zueinander längs Äquipotentiallinien der Heizspannung, also im wesentlichen senkrecht zu den zueinander parallel verlaufenden Heizleitern 5, verlegt sind. Die Ankopplung an diese kapazitive Fläche erfolgt durch Anschluß des zweiten Antennenteils 7 am Anschlußpunkt 9, der sich auf einem Heizleiter 5 befindet. Hierbei ist der Anschlußpunkt 9 etwa in der Mitte zwischen den Leitern 6a und 6b gewählt. Durch Wahl eines hinreichend großen Abstandes 26 zwischen der nächsten Sammelschiene und dem zweiten Antennenteil 7 kann die Entkopplung der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche 10 von den Sammelschienen hinreichend groß gemacht werden. Dabei ist es empfehlenswert den Abstand zwischen den Antennenleitern 6a und 6b nicht zu groß zu wählen.A particularly advantageous embodiment of a capacitively acting surface 10 is shown in FIG. 2, in which two first antenna conductors 6a and 6b are laid parallel to one another along equipotential lines of the heating voltage, that is to say essentially perpendicular to the heating conductors 5 running parallel to one another. The coupling to this capacitive surface takes place by connecting the second antenna part 7 to the connection point 9, which is located on a heating conductor 5. Here, the connection point 9 is chosen approximately in the middle between the conductors 6a and 6b. By selecting a sufficiently large distance 26 between the next busbar and the second antenna part 7, the decoupling of the capacitively acting surface 10 from the busbars can be made sufficiently large. It is advisable not to choose too large a distance between the antenna conductors 6a and 6b.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bezieht sich auf den zweiten Antennenteil, der in Fig. 3 als Leiter 7a, b und c und 7 ausgebildet ist. Diese Anordnung führt zu einer Verringerung der wirksamen Induktivität dieses Antennenteils, woraus eine Vergrößerung seiner kapazitiven Wirkung resultiert, so daß die Gesamtkapazität der Antenne an der Anschlußstelle 8 sich im wesentlichen aus der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche 10 und der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche, die sich durch die Leiter 7a, b und c ergibt, darstellt.An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to the second antenna part, which is formed in FIG. 3 as conductors 7a, b and c and 7. This arrangement leads to a reduction in the effective inductance of this antenna part, which results in an increase in its capacitive effect, so that the total capacitance of the antenna at the connection point 8 essentially consists of the capacitively acting surface 10 and the capacitively acting surface which is formed by the conductors 7a, b and c.

Aus fahrzeugtechnischen Gründen kann es erforderlich sein, wie in Fig. 4, den Anschlußpunkt 9 des zweiten Antennenteils 7 in einem Abstand 11 von dem nächsten ersten Antennenteil 6a an einem Heizleiter 5 anzubringen. Um eine hinreichende Ankopplung der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche 10 an den zweiten Antennenteil 7 zu gewährleisten, muß hierbei der Abstand 11 hinreichend klein gewählt werden.For vehicle technical reasons, it may be necessary, as in FIG. 4, to attach the connection point 9 of the second antenna part 7 to a heating conductor 5 at a distance 11 from the next first antenna part 6a. Adequate coupling To ensure the capacitively acting surface 10 on the second antenna part 7, the distance 11 must be chosen to be sufficiently small.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden in den Fig. 5a, 5b und 5c zur Vergrößerung der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche 10 in den Zwischenräumen der Heizleiter zusätzliche zu diesen parallele Leiter eingebracht, die mit den Leiterteilen 6 bzw. 6a, 6b verbunden sind.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c, in order to enlarge the capacitively acting surface 10 in the spaces between the heating conductors, additional conductors parallel to these are introduced, which are connected to the conductor parts 6 and 6a, 6b.

Die kapazitiv wirkende Fläche 10 kann auch, wie in Fig. 6, durch hochfrequent leitende stilistische Ornamente 13, die vorzugsweise benachbarte Heizleiter 5 über die Kreuzungspunkte 25 hochfrequent niederohmig miteinander verbinden, wirksam vergrößert werden.The capacitively acting surface 10 can also, as in FIG. 6, be effectively enlarged by high-frequency conductive stylistic ornaments 13, which preferably connect adjacent heating conductors 5 to one another via the intersection points 25 with high-frequency, low-impedance.

Kann der Abstand 26 (s. Fig.1) zwischen der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche und einer Sammelschiene nicht groß genug gewählt werden, oder sind die Heizleiter hochfrequent zu niederohmig, um eine geforderte Entkopplung der kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche von der Sammelschiene zu bewerkstelligen, so kann die Entkopplung durch Einführung von induktiven Elementen in die Heizleiter vergrößert werden. In Fig. 7 ist dies durch Induktivitäten 14, die durch eine mäanderförmige Ausbildung der Heizleiter realisiert sind, bewirkt. Die Induktivität der Heizleiter 5 kann z. B. auch durch Aufbringen eines Ferritmaterials vergrößert werden. Bei mäanderförmiger Ausbildung der Heizleiter kann z.B. ein Ferritplättchen auf die Mäanderstruktur aufgeklebt werden.If the distance 26 (see Fig. 1) between the capacitively acting surface and a busbar cannot be selected large enough, or if the heating conductors are too high-frequency too low-frequency to achieve the required decoupling of the capacitively acting surface from the busbar, then the Decoupling can be increased by introducing inductive elements into the heating conductor. In FIG. 7, this is brought about by inductances 14, which are realized by a meandering design of the heating conductors. The inductance of the heating conductor 5 can, for. B. can also be enlarged by applying a ferrite material. If the heating conductor is meandering, e.g. a ferrite plate can be glued to the meander structure.

Alle erfindungsgemäßen Antennen besitzen damit den Vorteil, daß das Bordnetz zur Gleichstromversorgung des Heizfeldes in der Regel ohne gesonderte, die hochfrequente Impedanz zwischen der Sammelschiene und der Karosserie beeinflussende Netzwerke an die Sammelschienen angeschaltet werden kann. Für den Fall, daß dennoch kleine, die Impedanz korrigierende Netzwerke nötig sein sollten, können diese bei entsprechend großer Wahl des Abstandes 26 wesentlich weniger aufwendig gestaltet werden.All antennas according to the invention thus have the advantage that the electrical system for direct current supply to the heating field can generally be connected to the busbars without separate networks which influence the high-frequency impedance between the busbar and the body. In the event that small, impedance-correcting networks should nevertheless be necessary, these can be made considerably less complex if the distance 26 is chosen accordingly.

In den meisten Fällen sind die zueinander parallel angeordneten Heizleiter 5 im wesentlichen horizontal in der Fahrzeugscheibe angeordnet. Insbesondere bei Antennen für das Funktelefon, jedoch auch in einigen Ländern bei Antennen für den UKW-Rundfunkempfang ist der Empfang vertikal polarisierter Wellen wesentlich.In most cases, the heating conductors 5 arranged parallel to one another are arranged essentially horizontally in the vehicle window. The reception of vertically polarized waves is essential, in particular for antennas for the radio telephone, but also in some countries for antennas for FM radio reception.

Aufgrund der Schlitzkonfiguration, die die in der leitenden Karosserie eingelassene Fahrzeugscheibe darstellt, bilden sich starke vertikale elektrische Felder insbesondere im Mittenbereich der Fahrzeugscheibe aus. Durch die im wesentlichen senkrecht orientierten ersten Leiterteile 6 der Antennenleiter in Verbindung mit dem daran anschließenden ebenfalls senkrecht orientierten zweiten Leiterteilen 7 der Antennenleiter, entsteht bei Vorhandensein des metallischen Rahmens 2 in den Fig. 1 - 7 ein im wesentlichen vertikal orientierter Unipol, dessen kapazitive Dachlast durch die kapazitiv wirkende Fläche 10 gebildet ist.Due to the slot configuration, which represents the vehicle window embedded in the conductive body, strong vertical electric fields are formed in particular in the central region of the vehicle window. Due to the essentially vertically oriented first conductor parts 6 of the antenna conductors in connection with the adjoining likewise vertically oriented second conductor parts 7 of the antenna conductors, in the presence of the metallic frame 2 in FIGS. 1-7, an essentially vertically oriented unipole, its capacitive roof load, is created is formed by the capacitively acting surface 10.

Dadurch werden die vertikal polarisierten elektrischen Felder, deren Intensität mit wachsendem Abstand 26 des vertikalen Unipols vom vertikalen Scheibenrand zunimmt, zumeist besonders gut empfangen. Antennen, deren Antennenanschlußstelle an den Sammelschienen gebildet ist, besitzen diesen Vorzug nicht und empfangen deshalb vorzugsweise elektromagnetische Wellen mit horizontaler Polarisation. Bei den Antennen nach der Erfindung zeigt sich vorteilhaft, daß sowohl horizontal als auch vertikal polarisierte Wellen gut empfangen werden können.As a result, the vertically polarized electric fields, the intensity of which increases with increasing distance 26 of the vertical unipole from the vertical disk edge, are usually received particularly well. Antennas, whose antenna connection point is formed on the busbars, do not have this advantage and therefore preferably receive electromagnetic waves with horizontal polarization. In the antennas according to the invention, it is advantageous that both horizontally and vertically polarized waves can be received well.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden, wie in Fig. 8a zwei kapazitiv wirkende Flächen innerhalb des Heizfeldes gebildet. Durch Anschluß an den Punkten 9a und 9b werden die zweiten Antennenleiter 7a und 7b zu den Anschlußstellen 8a und 8b geführt. Zusammen mit einem leitenden Rahmen 2 und einem in der Nähe der Antennenanschlußstellen 8a und 8b befindlichen Massepunkt 3, entstehen somit im Empfangsfall drei Antennenspannungen.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, as in FIG. 8a, two capacitively acting surfaces are formed within the heating field. By connecting at points 9a and 9b, the second antenna conductors 7a and 7b are led to the connection points 8a and 8b. Together with a conductive frame 2 and a ground point 3 located in the vicinity of the antenna connection points 8a and 8b, three antenna voltages arise in the case of reception.

Diese können zwischen dem Punkt 8a und dem Massepunkt 3 und dem Punkt 8b und dem Massepunkt 3 bzw. zwischen den beiden Punkten 8a und 8b abgegriffen werden. Diese als drei unterschiedliche Antennen wirkende Anordnung kann z.B. vorteilhaft in einem Antennen-Diversitysystem verwendet werden. Auch für den Fall, daß die Fensterscheibe in einen breiten Kunststoffrahmen eingebaut ist, und der metallische Rahmen 2 in unmittelbarer Nähe des Scheibenrahmens nicht vorhanden ist, kann auf diese Weise eine Antenne realisiert werden, zwischen deren Antennenanschlußpunkten 8a und 8b im Empfangsfall die Empfangsspannung abgegriffen werden und im Sendefall die Sendespannung eingespeist werden kann.These can be tapped between the point 8a and the ground point 3 and the point 8b and the ground point 3 or between the two points 8a and 8b. This arrangement acting as three different antennas can e.g. can be used advantageously in an antenna diversity system. In the event that the window pane is installed in a wide plastic frame and the metallic frame 2 is not present in the immediate vicinity of the pane frame, an antenna can be realized in this way between whose antenna connection points 8a and 8b the received voltage is tapped in the case of reception and in the case of transmission, the transmission voltage can be fed in.

Bei der in Fig. 8b dargestellten Antenne werden ebenfalls zwei kapazitiv wirkende Flächen 10a und 10b verwendet, wobei zur Vergrößerung der Entkopplung dieser Flächen voneinander die ersten Antennenteile 6a und 6b der Fläche 10a bzw. 6'a und 6'b der Fläche 10b in unterschiedlichen Teilheizfeldern angeordnet sind, die gleichstrommäßig über voneinander hochfrequent getrennte Sammelschienenpaare 4a, 4b und 4c, 4d gespeist werden. Durch den horizontalen Abstand 27 der beiden Flächen 10a und 10b und durch die beiden übereinander angeordneten Heizfelder entsteht zwischen den Antennenanschlüssen 8a und 8b eine dipolähnliche Antenne, die sowohl eine vertikale als auch eine horizontale Ausdennung hat und somit sowohl für den Empfang von vertikal polarisierten Wellen als auch von horizontal polarisierten Wellen geeignet ist.8b, two capacitive surfaces 10a and 10b are also used, the first antenna parts 6a and 6b of surface 10a or 6'a and 6'b of surface 10b being different in order to increase the decoupling of these surfaces from one another Partial heating fields are arranged, which are fed in direct current via busbar pairs 4a, 4b and 4c, 4d separated from one another at high frequency. Due to the horizontal distance 27 of the two surfaces 10a and 10b and the two heating fields arranged one above the other, a dipole-like antenna is formed between the antenna connections 8a and 8b, which has both a vertical and a horizontal extension and thus for the reception of vertically polarized waves as well is also suitable for horizontally polarized waves.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel einer Antennenanordnung nach der Erfindung in Fig. 8c mit zwei kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen 10a und 10b sind die Antennenleiter 7a, 7b des zweiten Antennenteils 7 bis zu den Punkten 28a und 28b auf der Scheibenfläche geführt und die Leiter 7a' und 7b' im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Kraftfahrzeug-Fensterscheibe angebracht und zu den Anschlußpunkten 8a und 8b geführt, die sich z.B. im Bereich eines Kunststoffspoilers 21 befinden. Selbstverständlich können, wenn es aus fahrzeugtechnischen Gründen erforderlich sein sollte, die Antennenleiter 7a und 7b in Fig. 8c auch als Heizleiter 5 ausgebildet werden, wenn diese von den kapazitiven Flächen 10a und 10b aus zu den Sammelschienen hin verlängert würden. Zur Überbrückung des Gleichstromweges zwischen den Klemmen 8a und 8b könnte dann z.B. eine Drossel mit hinreichender Induktivität dienen.In the exemplary embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention in FIG. 8c with two capacitively acting surfaces 10a and 10b, the antenna conductors 7a, 7b of the second antenna part 7 are guided to the points 28a and 28b on the pane surface and the conductors 7a 'and 7b' in attached substantially perpendicular to the motor vehicle window and led to the connection points 8a and 8b, which are located, for example, in the area of a plastic spoiler 21. Of course, if it should be necessary for vehicle technology reasons, the antenna conductors 7a and 7b in FIG. 8c can also be designed as heating conductors 5, if these are of the capacitive type Surfaces 10a and 10b would be extended towards the busbars. A choke with sufficient inductance could then be used, for example, to bridge the direct current path between the terminals 8a and 8b.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird für den Fall eines die Scheibe umgebenden breiten Kunststoffrahmens wie in Fig. 9, ein leitender Rahmen 22 um den Scheibenrand z.B. aufgedruckt. Zur Verbesserung der Antenneneigenschaft im Sende- bzw. Empfangsfall kann dieser leitende Rahmen 22 an einer geeigneten Stelle unterbrochen werden und durch Beschaltung mit einer frequenzabhängigen komplexen Impedanz 20 in einem gewünschten Frequenzbereich zur Resonanz gebracht werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, in the case of a wide plastic frame surrounding the pane as in Fig. 9, a conductive frame 22 around the pane edge e.g. printed on. To improve the antenna property in the case of transmission or reception, this conductive frame 22 can be interrupted at a suitable point and brought to resonance in a desired frequency range by wiring with a frequency-dependent complex impedance 20.

In Fig. 10a ist eine Antenne in einem Zweischeiben-Verbundglas dargestellt. Diese ist in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dadurch gebildet, daß auf einer Seite der isolierenden Folie 26a in Fig. 10c die Heizleiter 5 als dünne Drähte eingebettet sind und auf der anderen Seite der dünnen isolierenden Folie 26a Antennenleiter 6 eingebracht sind, derart, daß zwischen den Leitern 6 und den Heizleitern 5 eine möglichst große kapazitive Verkopplung entsteht. Zur Vergrößerung dieser Verkopplung werden die Leiter 6 mit horizontalen Leitern 24 in Fig. 10b versehen, die über ihre Länge parallel zu den Heizleitern verlaufen. Die Antennenleiterkonfiguration bestehend aus dem zweiten Antennenteil 7, dem ersten Antennenteil 6 mit den horizontalen kapazitiven Leitern 24, wird vorzugsweise auf die Glasscheibe 1a gedruckt, wie es aus Fig. 10b hervorgeht.10a shows an antenna in a double-pane laminated glass. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, this is formed by the fact that the heating conductors 5 are embedded as thin wires on one side of the insulating film 26a in FIG. 10c and antenna conductors 6 are introduced on the other side of the thin insulating film 26a, such that between the conductors 6 and the heating conductors 5 have the largest possible capacitive coupling. To increase this coupling, the conductors 6 are provided with horizontal conductors 24 in FIG. 10b, which run parallel to the heating conductors over their length. The antenna conductor configuration consisting of the second antenna part 7, the first antenna part 6 with the horizontal capacitive conductors 24, is preferably printed on the glass pane 1a, as can be seen in FIG. 10b.

Für die Anwendung von Antennendiversity ist eine möglichst große Anzahl von Antennen mit voneinander unterschiedlichen Empfangseigenschaften notwendig. Insbesondere für den Fall, daß die gesamte Scheibenfläche beheizt werden soll und somit die Heizstruktur die gesamte Fläche bedeckt, ist die Mehrfachausnutzung der Heizscheibe als Antenne wünschenswert. Dies erzwingt jedoch eine möglichst gute Entkopplung der einzelnen aus dem Heizfeld gebildeten Antennen untereinander. Dann wird das Heizfeld in mehrere Antennen nach der Erfindung unterteilt.To use antenna diversity, the largest possible number of antennas with different reception properties is necessary. In particular in the event that the entire pane surface is to be heated and thus the heating structure covers the entire surface, multiple use of the heating pane as an antenna is desirable. However, this forces the best possible decoupling of the individual antennas formed from the heating field from one another. Then it will be the heating field divided into several antennas according to the invention.

Dies kann z.B. geschehen, wie es in Fig. 11 dargestellt ist, für eine beheizte Scheibe mit metallischem Rahmen 2. Die Sammelschienen sind unterbrochen und durch Einbringung von ersten Antennenleitern 6a, 6b, 6c und 6d an die die entsprechenden zweiten Antennenleiter 7a, 7b, 7c und 7d angeschlossen sind, werden vier Anschlußstellen 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, für vier voneinander entkoppelte Antennen gebildet, wobei der jeweils zugehörige Masseanschluß 3 am benachbarten metallischen Rahmen 2 gebildet wird.This can e.g. happen, as shown in Fig. 11, for a heated pane with a metallic frame 2. The busbars are interrupted and by introducing first antenna conductors 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d to the corresponding second antenna conductors 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are connected, four connection points 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are formed for four antennas decoupled from one another, the respectively associated ground connection 3 being formed on the adjacent metallic frame 2.

Die Heizströme werden über die Sammelschienen-Anschlußklemmen 15a und 16a bzw. 15b und 16b zugeführt. Diese Anordnung ermöglicht auch die Bildung von vier weiteren Antennenanschlüssen an den Sammelschienen, sofern diese über ihre Anschlüsse mit Hilfe von entsprechenden Entkopplungsnetzwerken an das Gleichstromnetz zur Heizstromzuführung angeschlossen sind. Diese Antennenanschlußstellen sind in Fig. 11 mit den Anschlüssen 15a, 15b und 16a und 16b gebildet, wobei der jeweilige Masseanschluß am benachbarten Rahmenpunkt gefunden werden kann. Durch Anwendung der Erfindung sind somit auf vorteilhafte Weise aus dem Heizfeld nicht nur vier Antennen nach dem Stande der Technik, sondern zusätzlich vier Antennen nach der Erfindung, insgesamt also acht Antennen, entstanden, obgleich nur vier entkoppelnde Netzwerke zur Heizstromzuführung notwendig sind.The heating currents are supplied via the busbar terminals 15a and 16a or 15b and 16b. This arrangement also enables the formation of four further antenna connections on the busbars, provided that these are connected via their connections to the direct current network for supplying heating current with the aid of appropriate decoupling networks. These antenna connection points are formed in FIG. 11 with the connections 15a, 15b and 16a and 16b, it being possible for the respective ground connection to be found at the adjacent frame point. By using the invention, not only four antennas according to the prior art, but additionally four antennas according to the invention, ie a total of eight antennas, have thus advantageously arisen from the heating field, although only four decoupling networks are necessary for supplying the heating current.

Bei kleinerer Antennenzahl können bei Anwendung der Erfindung die Sammelschienen ohne Antennenanschlüsse betrieben werden und durch geeignete Anbringung der ersten Antennenleiter 6a, 6b und 6c in Fig. 12 die dadurch gebildeten kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen hochfrequenzmäßig hinreichend entkoppelt werden. Im Fall der ersten Antennenleiter 6b und 6c, die dieselben Heizleiter 5 kreuzen, geschieht die Entkopplung durch Wahl eines geeigneten Abstands 27. Dieser Abstand ist in der Praxis etwa durch den halben Abstand der Sammelschienen gegeben. Im Fall der dritten kapazitiv wirkenden Fläche, die mit dem ersten Antennenleiter 6a gebildet ist, geschieht die Entkopplung von den Sammelschienen und damit von den beiden anderen kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen, um die ersten Antennenleiter 6b und 6c dadurch, daß der erste Antennenleiter 6a keine Heizleiter kreuzt, die auch von den Antennenleitern 6b und 6c gekreuzt werden. Dadurch und durch Anbringen in der Scheibenmitte ist die größtmögliche Länge eines Heizleiterwegs zwischen dem Leiter 6a und den Leitern 6c und 6b gewährleistet.If the number of antennas is smaller, the busbars can be operated without antenna connections when the invention is used, and the capacitively acting surfaces thus formed can be sufficiently decoupled in terms of radio frequency by suitable attachment of the first antenna conductors 6a, 6b and 6c in FIG. 12. In the case of the first antenna conductors 6b and 6c, which cross the same heating conductors 5, the decoupling takes place by choosing a suitable distance 27. In practice, this distance is given by half the distance between the busbars. In the case of the third capacitive Surface that is formed with the first antenna conductor 6a is decoupled from the busbars and thus from the other two capacitively acting surfaces around the first antenna conductors 6b and 6c in that the first antenna conductor 6a does not cross any heating conductors that are also from the antenna conductors 6b and 6c are crossed. This and by attaching it in the middle of the pane ensures the greatest possible length of a heating conductor path between the conductor 6a and the conductors 6c and 6b.

Reicht die Entkopplung zwischen den kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen nicht aus, so kann die Entkopplung durch Einführung trennender induktiver Elemente, die, wie in Fig. 13 dargestellt, durch mäanderförmige Führung der Heizleiter zwischen den einzelnen kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen 10 realisiert werden, erhöht werden.If the decoupling between the capacitively acting surfaces is not sufficient, the decoupling can be increased by introducing separating inductive elements which, as shown in FIG. 13, are realized by meandering the heating conductors between the individual capacitively acting surfaces 10.

Aufgrund der Resonanzverhältnisse durch den die Heizscheibe umgebenden leitenden Rahmen 2 in Verbindung mit der gesamten Heizfläche, zeigt es sich oft als vorteilhaft, Teilheizfelder wie in Fig. 14, durch Auftrennung der Sammelschienen zu schaffen. Zum Zwecke der Gleichstromzuführung werden die Sammelschienen des oberen und unteren Heizfeldes über hochfrequenzmäßig isolierende Drosseln 17 miteinander verbunden. Im Falle des Rundfunkempfangs ist neben dem Empfang von UKW mit Hilfe der Antennen mit kapazitiv wirkender Fläche im Heizfeld auch der Empfang von LMK notwendig. Häufig ist zwischen Heizfeld und Scheibenrand genügend Fläche zur Einbringung einer LMK-Antenne 18 vorhanden. Deren Empfangsspannung kann zwischen dem Punkt 8d und 3 abgegriffen werden. Diese Abgriffstelle kann auch für den Empfang der UKW-Frequenzen verwendet werden, so daß die Antenne in Fig. 14 insgesamt vier UKW-Antennen für Antennen-Diversity und eine LMK-Antenne besitzt.Due to the resonance conditions through the conductive frame 2 surrounding the heating disk in connection with the entire heating surface, it often proves to be advantageous to create partial heating fields as in FIG. 14 by separating the busbars. For the purpose of direct current supply, the busbars of the upper and lower heating fields are connected to one another via high-frequency insulating chokes 17. In the case of radio reception, in addition to the reception of VHF with the help of antennas with a capacitive surface in the heating field, the reception of LMK is also necessary. There is often sufficient space between the heating field and the edge of the pane for the introduction of an LMK antenna 18. Their receive voltage can be tapped between points 8d and 3. This tap can also be used for the reception of the FM frequencies, so that the antenna in FIG. 14 has a total of four FM antennas for antenna diversity and one LMK antenna.

Für alle Antennenanordnungen nach der Erfindung ist es im Empfangsfall zweckmäßig, zur Verbesserung der Entkopplung voneinander, Antennenverstärker an den Antennenanschlußstellen anzuschließen. Die dort mögliche Rauschanpassung vermeidet den bei Leistungsanpassung konjugiert komplexen Impedanzabschluß, der bei Antennen-Diversity stets mit einer größeren Verkopplung und einer kleineren Unabhängigkeit der Empfangsspannungen untereinander einhergeht.For all antenna arrangements according to the invention, in the case of reception, it is expedient to connect antenna amplifiers to the antenna connection points in order to improve the decoupling from one another. The noise adaptation possible there avoids the complex impedance termination conjugated with power adaptation, with antenna diversity always goes hand in hand with a greater coupling and a smaller independence of the reception voltages.

Die Möglichkeit, eine Vielzahl von Einzelantennen mit Hilfe des Heizfeldes durch erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der kapazitiv wirkenden Flächen zu realisieren, kann im Sendefall wie auch im Empfangsfall auch zur Bildung bestimmter gewünschter Richtdiagramme herangezogen werden. Durch geeignete Zusammenschaltung aller Antennen über phasen- und amplitudengewichtende Netzwerke zu einem Phased Array kann ein gewünschtes Richtdiagramm besser erreicht werden als mit einer kleineren Anzahl verfügbarer Antennen.The possibility of realizing a large number of individual antennas with the aid of the heating field by designing the capacitively acting surfaces according to the invention can also be used to form certain desired directional diagrams in the transmission case as well as in the reception case. By suitable interconnection of all antennas via phase and amplitude weighting networks to a phased array, a desired directional diagram can be achieved better than with a smaller number of available antennas.

Zusammenfassend werden einige Vorteile von Antennenanordnungen nach der Erfindung stichpunktartig aufgelistet:

  • Kleine Anzahl der Entkopplungsnetzwerke zur Gleichstromzuführung.
  • Bei Verwendung von Entkopplungsnetzwerken kann der Schaltungsaufwand darin klein gehalten werden.
  • Aufgrund der vorzugsweise horizontalen Verlegung der Heizleiter und der dazu nahezu senkrechten Anordnung der zweiten Antennenteile können Antennen mit Unipolcharakter und vertikaler Ausrichtung gestaltet werden, die auch für den Empfang vertikal polarisierter Wellen sehr geeignet sind.
  • Einfache Realisierbarkeit bei Zweischeiben-Verbundglas (VSG) durch Einlegen dünner Leiter in den Glasverbund und bei Einscheiben-Sicherheitsglas (ESG) durch Aufdruck auch komplexer Leiterstrukturen.
  • Große Anzahl der mit einem Heizfeld mit vorgegebener Gesamtfläche realisierbaren unterschiedlichen Diversityantennen.
  • Große Anzahl der mit einem Heizfeld mit vorgegebener Gesamtfläche realisierbaren Einzelantennen zur Bildung eines Phased-Arrays zur Erzielung erwünschter Antennendiagramme.
In summary, some advantages of antenna arrangements according to the invention are listed in brief:
  • Small number of decoupling networks for direct current supply.
  • When using decoupling networks, the circuit complexity can be kept low.
  • Due to the preferably horizontal laying of the heating conductors and the almost vertical arrangement of the second antenna parts, antennas with a unipolar character and vertical orientation can be designed, which are also very suitable for the reception of vertically polarized waves.
  • Simple implementation with double-pane laminated glass (VSG) by inserting thin conductors into the glass composite and with single-pane safety glass (ESG) by printing even complex conductor structures.
  • Large number of different diversity antennas that can be realized with a heating field with a predetermined total area.
  • Large number of individual antennas that can be realized with a heating field with a predetermined total area to form a phased array to achieve desired antenna patterns.

Claims (13)

  1. Antenna system for frequencies above the UHF band integrated in a window pane (1) together with a demister grid formed by wire-type heating conductors (5) in essentially parallel configuration connected across their ends next to the edge of the window pane (2) by bus bars (4a, 4b) on either side perpendicular with respect to the heating conductors (5) for the heating DC. Such an antenna system may comprise just one or more than one antenna each of which providing a hookup pad (8) near the edge of the window pane, a second antenna portion (7) located outside the demister grid and stretching from the hookup pad (8), to which it is connected, radially inside the window pane, a first antenna portion (6) located within the demister grid and RF coupled at low Z to the said second portion and the capacitive antenna plane (10), formed by the sections of the heating conductors (5) adjacent to the first antenna portion (6), the first antenna portion (6) and the second antenna portion (7) consisting of at least one antenna conductor which in the first antenna portion (6) is perpendicular with respect to the heating conductors to which they are RF coupled at low Z at the crossings (25) while at least one antenna conductor of the second antenna portion (7) is RF coupled at low Z to the heating conductor (5) next to the antenna hookup pad (9) at a crossing (25) of an antenna conductor pertaining to the first antenna portion (6) with this heating conductor or at a point near a crossing on this heating conductor such that at least one antenna is located with all its antenna portions in the central fringe area of the window pane related to its vertical center line.
  2. Antenna system as per Claim 1 characterized by the fact that
    additional conductors (12) in galvanic connection with the first antenna portion (6) are provided to extend the capacitive antenna plane (10) located between and in parallel with the heating conductors (5). (Fig. 5 a, b, c)
  3. Antenna system as per one of Claims 1 and 2 characterized by the fact that
    when there is too little geometrical spacing (26) in terms of isolation between the capacitive plane of an antenna (10) and a bus-bar (4) serving as an extension of the heating conductors (5), the latter are extended by means of meandering conductors (14). (Fig. 7, 13)
  4. Antenna system as per one of Claims 1 to 3 characterized by the fact that
    the first antenna portion (6) of an antenna at least partially is formed by ornamental structures (13) serving as galvanic ties between the heating conductors (5). (Fig. 6)
  5. Antenna system as per one of Claims 1 to 4 characterized by the fact that
    the window pane (1) provides two antennas their capacitive planes (10a, 10b) being formed by the same heating conductors (5) of the demister grid and that in case of insufficient geometrical spacing (27) in terms of isolation between the capacitive planes (10) of both antennas, the heating conductors (5) are extended by means of meandering conductors (14). (Fig. 13)
  6. Antenna system as per one of Claims 1 to 4 characterized by the fact that
    the window pane (1) provides two antennas their capacitive planes (10a, 10b) being formed by the same heating conductors (5) of the demister grid or a part of the demister grid. (Fig. 8a, 8c, 9)
  7. Antenna system as per one of Claims 1 to 3 comprising multiple antennas characterized by the fact that
    these antennas fall into two groups such that no antenna conductor (6b, 6c) of one group ties to any of the heating conductors (5) in connection with any antenna conductors (6a) of the other group. (Fig. 12)
  8. Antenna system as per Claim 7 characterized by the fact that
    the demister grid consists of two portions each comprising only one antenna group the bus-bars of the two demister grid portions not being connected together for Radio Frequency. (Fig. 11)
  9. Antenna system as per Claim 8 characterized by the fact that
    one portion of the divided demister grid comprises an antenna system as per Claim 6 and the other portion only one antenna whose capacitive plane (10) is located more or less in the middle between the bus-bars and that a further antenna (18) is located in the free space (2) between the demister grid and the edge of the window pane. (Fig. 14)
  10. Antenna system as per one of Claims 1 to 9 characterized by the fact that
    the antenna or antennas are designed as active receive antennas.
  11. Antenna system as per one of Claims 1 to 10 characterized by the fact that
    the heating conductors (5) are used as is common practice directly to form additional antennas whose terminals (15a, 15b, 16a, 16b, 19a, 19b 19c, 19d) are located on the bus-bars (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) of the demister grid.
  12. Antenna system as per one of Claims 5 to 11 characterized by the fact that
    the antennas are combined by means of phase and amplitude weighting networks in such a way as to generate a desired directivity pattern.
  13. Antenna system as per one of Claims 5 to 12 characterized by the fact that
    the hookup pads (8a, 8b) of two antennas are located side by side and that the receive signal power is collected and the transmit signal power is applied at these pads. (Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c, 9)
EP90108025A 1989-05-01 1990-04-27 Vehicle windscreen antenna for frequencies above the high frequency range Expired - Lifetime EP0396033B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3914424 1989-05-01
DE3914424A DE3914424A1 (en) 1989-05-01 1989-05-01 ANTENNA WITH VERTICAL STRUCTURE FOR TRAINING AN EXTENDED AREA CAPACITY

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0396033A2 EP0396033A2 (en) 1990-11-07
EP0396033A3 EP0396033A3 (en) 1991-08-07
EP0396033B1 true EP0396033B1 (en) 1996-06-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90108025A Expired - Lifetime EP0396033B1 (en) 1989-05-01 1990-04-27 Vehicle windscreen antenna for frequencies above the high frequency range

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US (1) US5097270A (en)
EP (1) EP0396033B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3914424A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2090058T3 (en)

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US9331382B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2016-05-03 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
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WO2013091961A1 (en) 2011-12-20 2013-06-27 Saint-Gobain Glass France Composite panel having an antenna structure and an integrated button

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3914424A1 (en) 1990-12-13
DE3914424C2 (en) 1992-02-27
US5097270A (en) 1992-03-17
EP0396033A2 (en) 1990-11-07
ES2090058T3 (en) 1996-10-16
DE59010387D1 (en) 1996-08-01
EP0396033A3 (en) 1991-08-07

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