EP0396476A1 - Non woven wet-laid product and process for making the same - Google Patents

Non woven wet-laid product and process for making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0396476A1
EP0396476A1 EP90420152A EP90420152A EP0396476A1 EP 0396476 A1 EP0396476 A1 EP 0396476A1 EP 90420152 A EP90420152 A EP 90420152A EP 90420152 A EP90420152 A EP 90420152A EP 0396476 A1 EP0396476 A1 EP 0396476A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
aqueous medium
material according
layers
flexible
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Granted
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EP90420152A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0396476B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Jeambar
Clément Heintz
Jacques Escoffier
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LYSTIL S.A.
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LYSTIL SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/38—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets having a fibrous composition differing from that of other sheets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/24—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/40—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
    • D21H13/48—Metal or metallised fibres

Definitions

  • nonwoven structures which, in general, can be classified into three main categories, resulting from their very manufacturing process, namely nonwovens called “dry”, “melted” and nonwovens called “wet”.
  • the present invention relates to a new material killer obtained by this latter technique called "wet”.
  • the nonwovens obtained by the wet process consist entirely or in part of chemical fibers which are suspended in water, as in the manufacture of a conventional sheet of paper, and are recovered in the form of a layer. fibrous by bringing said suspension to a drainage system allowing water to be removed.
  • the complex according to the invention consists predominantly of the two types of fibers having different flexibility characteristics from one another, it may of course, optionally include various additives making it possible to modify the properties thereof. depending on the applications.
  • the invention relates to a new type of nonwoven complex (or sheet) obtained by the wet method and consisting of at least two layers (or layers) of fibrous material superimposed and bonded together, and it is characterized in what: - A sheet is at least partially based on relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium; - The other layer comprises at least a portion of flexible fibers in an aqueous medium; the two aforementioned plies being linked together by the interpenetration of part of the fibers of at least one of the plies inside the second, this in terpenetration being obtained by subjecting the two above-mentioned plies to a "needling" or "interlacing" treatment by means of jets of fluid (water), acting at least on the side of the ply comprising flexible fibers, this operation being carried out on the even machine for manufacturing the elementary layers, while they are formed but not yet dried.
  • polyester fibers, or even viscose fibers, and, as flexible fibers, cellulose fibers from wood pulp are preferably used as rigid fibers.
  • the sheet based on rigid fibers contains a proportion of flexible fibers similar to those used in the constitution of the second sheet.
  • the "flexibility" or the "rigidity” of the fibers is that which the said fibers have in the medium of the binding fluid and not in their natural state.
  • additives into one or the other of the plies, making it possible to give them specific properties, such as for example: - metallic fibers to increase the electrical conductivity; glass fibers to increase dimensional stability and fire resistance; - cellulosic fibers to improve the dispersion of artificial or synthetic fibers; - various fillers, such as mineral and / or organic fillers can optionally be incorporated into one or the other of the elementary plies to modify the final properties of the complex, for example the surface condition after the complex has been smoothed or calendered, so that it serves as a print medium.
  • a process which also forms part of the invention is implemented, said process consisting, starting from a conventional machine allowing a nonwoven web to be obtained by wet process. of two different layers, to conform two elementary layers from fibrous suspensions, layers which are superimposed on the production machine, said process being characterized in that: - one of the layers is at least partially composed of relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium (polyester for example); the other layer comprises at least a portion of flexible fibers in an aqueous medium (wood fibers of the resinous type for example), the two layers thus produced being subjected, still in the wet state, that is to say before being dried, to the action of jets of fluid (water) exerted at least on the face of the complex consisting of the layer based on flexible fibers, the assembly thus bonded then being dried and rewound in a conventional manner.
  • a conventional machine is used for obtaining nonwovens by the wet method, such as for example a machine of the hydroformer type from the company Voith, modified to include two heads for distributing pasta, this machine being combined with a set of hydraulic binding, also of known type, which allows to apply needle-jet of water under high pressure in order to bind the sheet.
  • the fluid interlacing machine is combined with the machine for forming nonwoven webs, so that the operation of binding the two plies formed is carried out while they are still wet condition and before any drying operation.
  • a nonwoven complex is produced in accordance with the invention from the following fibrous compositions: - for the upper layer: composition based on relatively flexible fibers in an aqueous medium, consisting of a cellulose pulp based on resinous type wood fibers (Sylvester pine for example); - for the lower layer: a fibrous suspension based on relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium consisting of polyester fibers of 1.7 dtex and 12 mm in length.
  • the two sheets are brought to a spinning belt, superimposed on each other, in an amount such that there is an overall composition comprising 50% of cellulose fibers and 50%. polyester fibers.
  • the complex is subjected to a fluid interlacing operation at the rate of five successive rows of jets / needles having increasing pressures from 30 bars to 120 bars, the number of jets / needles per meter of width of each row being about one thousand.
  • Example 1 is repeated except that the complex web formed is, before drying, subjected to a fluid interlacing treatment on its two faces. Compared to the previous article, we obtain a product with better mechanical characteristics (resistance to tensile, elongation, tear), but in which the porosity is increased; moreover, there is a higher percentage of fiber losses.
  • An article is produced in accordance with the present invention, except that the pastes of the two layers of the complex are modified so that the upper layer is formed from flexible fibers in an aqueous medium (100% cellulose fibers from pine sylvestre), while the layer consists of a mixture of 50% polyester, 1.7 Dtex, 18 mm and 50% birch cellulose.
  • this article is reinforced by an additional treatment in full bath with an emulsion of synthetic polymer (latex type) which is deposited at a rate of approximately 10% relative to the fibrous mass.
  • synthetic polymer latex type
  • the article obtained has, in addition to very good textile characteristics, an improved tear resistance compared to the previous examples.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are, as said previously, curves for measuring the breaking and tensile strength of the material produced in accordance with the invention (curve A) and of comparative materials having a same overall composition, but made in a single layer (curve B). These curves are made from materials (in one or two layers) weighing overall 65 g / m2 and varying the overall percentage of polyester. The measurements are made according to EDANA standards reference 70.1-75 for tear tests and 20.1-73 for tensile tests.
  • the invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments but it covers all the variants produced in the same spirit, insofar as at least one of the layers of the complex formed comprises at least a portion of fibers. relatively more flexible in an aqueous medium than the other layer.
  • articles comprising more than two layers of fibers, for example layers formed of fibers which have, in an aqueous medium, increasingly rigidities going from one face to the other of the material such as, a layer based on wood fibers, then a layer of fibrane, then a layer of viscose, then finally a layer of polyester.
  • the new material according to the invention is not only very economical to obtain since it can be produced directly on a production machine without having to perform an intermediate drying.
  • the main advantage of the new material according to the invention lies in the mechanical characteristics clearly superior to the prior materials, characteristics obtained without deterioration of the textile properties of the plies obtained and above all without the addition of additional binder materials.
  • the invention also covers the case where various additives are added to the material according to the invention, in particular with a view to giving it particular properties, such as good electrical conductivity by incorporating a certain percentage of metallic fibers inside one or other of the elementary layers, improvement of dimensional stability, of fire resistance by incorporation of a certain quantity of glass fibers.
  • the material can also be consolidated with an additional binder of the Latex type or undergo various chemical treatments, such as for example fireproofing, water repellency, coloring treatments, etc. for the final application.

Abstract

The nonwoven composite material obtained by a wet route, consisting of at least two sheets of superposed fibrous substances bonded together. It is characterised in that: - one sheet is at least partially based on fibres which are relatively rigid in aqueous medium; - the other sheet comprises at least a part of fibres which are flexible in aqueous medium, the abovementioned two sheets being joined together by needling using fluid acting at least on the side of the flexible fibre sheet, the said needling operation being carried out on the manufacturing machine while the elementary sheets are formed but not yet dried.

Description

Depuis des décennies, il a été proposé de remplacer les nappes textiles traditionnelles (tissus, tricots) par des structures dites "nontissées" qui, d'une manière générale, peuvent être classées en trois grandes catégo­ries, résultant de leur processus même de fabrication, à savoir les nontissés dits "par voie sèche", "par voie fondue" et les nontissés dits "par voie humide". La pré­sente invention concerne un nouveau tue de matériau obtenu selon cette dernière technique dite "par voie humide".For decades, it has been proposed to replace traditional textile tablecloths (fabrics, knits) by so-called "nonwoven" structures which, in general, can be classified into three main categories, resulting from their very manufacturing process, namely nonwovens called "dry", "melted" and nonwovens called "wet". The present invention relates to a new material killer obtained by this latter technique called "wet".

Les nontissés obtenus par voie humide se composent, entièrement ou en partie, de fibres chimiques qui sont mises en suspension dans l'eau, comme lors de la fabri­cation d'une feuille de papier conventionnelle, et sont récupérées sous la forme d'une couche fibreuse en ame­nant ladite suspension sur un système d'égouttage per­mettant d'éliminer l'eau.The nonwovens obtained by the wet process consist entirely or in part of chemical fibers which are suspended in water, as in the manufacture of a conventional sheet of paper, and are recovered in the form of a layer. fibrous by bringing said suspension to a drainage system allowing water to be removed.

Il est connu depuis fort longtemps que l'on peut adapter les propriétés finales du produit obtenu en réa­lisant des mélanges de matières, par exemple en mélan­geant dans la suspension fibreuse des fibres papetières conventionnelles avec d'autres types de fibres, textiles, naturelles, artificielles, synthétiques. Dans la plupart des cas, on réalise une suspension comportant un mélange de différentes fibres (avec des additifs divers) de ma­nière à obtenir une feuille homogène.It has been known for a very long time that the final properties of the product obtained can be adapted by making mixtures of materials, for example by mixing conventional paper fibers in the fibrous suspension with other types of fibers, textile, natural, artificial. , synthetic. In most cases, a suspension is produced comprising a mixture of different fibers (with various additives) so as to obtain a homogeneous sheet.

Pour certaines applications, il a été proposé de réaliser des articles multicouches du type carton, de manière à avoir des propriétés différentes sur les deux côtés de la feuille formée, par exemple une face impri­mable ou imperméable et l'autre face fibreuse, ou une face imperméable et une autre face ayant un grand pou­voir d'absorption ou une couche thermoliante. Pour con­férer à la nappe formée de bonnes caractéristiques méca­niques, on réalise une consolidation soit en ajoutant à la suspension des fibres dites "de liage" dont on révèle les propriétés ultérieurement, par exemple par un trai­tement thermique, soit en incorporant des liants éven­tuellement déposés préalablement superficiellement sur les fibres. La présence de tels liants non seulement complique le processus de fabrication, mais également a pour conséquence, dans certaines applications, d'altérer les propriétés textiles (toucher, souplesse..) de la nappe formée.For certain applications, it has been proposed to produce multilayer articles of the cardboard type, so as to have different properties on the two. sides of the formed sheet, for example a printable or impermeable face and the other fibrous face, or an impermeable face and another face having a high absorbency or a thermo-bonding layer. To give the sheet formed good mechanical properties, consolidation is carried out either by adding to the suspension fibers called "binding" whose properties are revealed later, for example by heat treatment, or by incorporating binders which may have been deposited beforehand. superficially on the fibers. The presence of such binders not only complicates the manufacturing process, but also has the consequence, in certain applications, of altering the textile properties (feel, flexibility, etc.) of the sheet formed.

Pour renforcer la cohésion de telles nappes, il aurait pû être envisagé, comme cela a été fait dans le domaine des nontissés obtenus par voie sèche, de rempla­cer les matières liantes par un traitement mécanique d'aiguilletage ou d'entrelaçage, tel que par exemple un traitement d'entrelaçage par jets de fluide, tel que décrit dans les brevets US-3 033 721, 3 214 819 et 3 508 308.To strengthen the cohesion of such plies, it could have been envisaged, as has been done in the field of nonwovens obtained by the dry route, to replace the binding materials by a mechanical needling or interlacing treatment, such as for example a fluid jet interlacing treatment, as described in US Patents 3,033,721, 3,214,819 and 3,508,308.

Des essais faits dans ce sens sur des nontissés conventionnels obtenus par voie humide à partir d'une suspension de fibres entièrement ou en partie composée de fibres chimiques ont montré que si l'on obtenait une nappe présentant des caractéristiques textiles amélio­rées par rapport à une nappe équivalente dont la cohé­sion est obtenue au moyen de liants, qu'en revanche, les caractéristiques mécaniques sont insuffisantes pour de nombreuses applications.Tests carried out in this direction on conventional nonwovens obtained by the wet method from a suspension of fibers wholly or partly composed of chemical fibers have shown that if a sheet having improved textile characteristics was obtained compared to a sheet. equivalent whose cohesion is obtained by means of binders, that on the other hand, the mechanical characteristics are insufficient for many applications.

Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de la présente invention, un nouveau type de complexe nontis­sé, obtenu par voie humide, constitué d'un mélange de fibres présentant des caractéristiques de souplesse dif­férentes les unes par rapport aux autres qui surmonte les inconvénients des solutions antérieures et qui, non seulement, permet de conserver les propriétés inhérentes à de telles fibres, mais également conduit à une feuille dont les caractéristiques mécaniques sont améliorées par rapport à une feuille de composition globale équivalente constituée d'un mélange intime de telles fibres dans les mêmes pourcentages globaux ; par ailleurs, le complexe selon l'invention peut être réalisé selon un procédé simple, économique, éliminant la présence de liants ad­ditionnels et qui fait également partie de l'invention.However, we have found, and this is the subject of the present invention, a new type of nonwoven complex, obtained by the wet process, consisting of a mixture of fibers having different flexibility characteristics in relation to the others which overcomes the drawbacks of previous solutions and which not only makes it possible to retain the properties inherent in such fibers, but also results in a sheet whose mechanical characteristics are improved compared to a sheet of equivalent overall composition consisting of a intimate mixing of such fibers in the same overall percentages; moreover, the complex according to the invention can be produced according to a simple, economical process, eliminating the presence of additional binders and which is also part of the invention.

Si le complexe conforme à l'invention est constitué pour partie prépondérante des deux types de fibres ayant des caractéristiques de souplesse différentes l'une de l'autre, il peut bien entendu, éventuellement comporter des additifs divers permettant d'en modifier les proprié­tés en fonction des applications.If the complex according to the invention consists predominantly of the two types of fibers having different flexibility characteristics from one another, it may of course, optionally include various additives making it possible to modify the properties thereof. depending on the applications.

D'une manière générale, l'invention concerne un nouveau type de complexe (ou feuille) nontissé obtenu par voie humide et constitué d'au moins deux nappes (ou couches) de matière fibreuse superposées et liées entre elles, et il se caractérise en ce que :
- une nappe est au moins partiellement à base de fibres relativement rigides en milieu aqueux ;
- l'autre nappe comporte au moins une partie de fibres souples en milieu aqueux ;
les deux nappes précitées étant liées entre elles par l'interpénétration d'une partie des fibres d'au moins l'une des nappes à l'intérieur de la seconde, cette in­ terpénétration étant obtenue en soumettant les deux nap­pes précitées à un traitement "d'aiguilletage" ou "entre­laçage" au moyen de jets de fluide (eau), agissant au moins du côté de la nappe comportant des fibres souples, cette opération étant réalisée sur la machine même de fabrication des nappes élémentaires, alors qu'elles sont formées mais non encore séchées.In general, the invention relates to a new type of nonwoven complex (or sheet) obtained by the wet method and consisting of at least two layers (or layers) of fibrous material superimposed and bonded together, and it is characterized in what:
- A sheet is at least partially based on relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium;
- The other layer comprises at least a portion of flexible fibers in an aqueous medium;
the two aforementioned plies being linked together by the interpenetration of part of the fibers of at least one of the plies inside the second, this in terpenetration being obtained by subjecting the two above-mentioned plies to a "needling" or "interlacing" treatment by means of jets of fluid (water), acting at least on the side of the ply comprising flexible fibers, this operation being carried out on the even machine for manufacturing the elementary layers, while they are formed but not yet dried.

Comme fibres entrant dans la constitution des nap­pes élémentaires précitées, on utilisera de préférence comme fibres rigides des fibres de polyester, voire éven­tuellement des fibres de viscose et, comme fibres sou­ples, des fibres cellulosiques provenant de pate de bois. De plus, selon un mode préférentiel du complexe conforme à l'invention, la nappe à base de fibres rigides contient une proportion de fibres souples similaires à celles entrant dans la constitution de la seconde nappe. Par ailleurs, il convient de noter qu'au sens de la présente invention, la "souplesse" ou la "rigidité" des fibres est celle que présentent lesdites fibres dans le milieu du fluide de liage et non pas à l'état naturel.As fibers used in the constitution of the aforementioned elementary layers, polyester fibers, or even viscose fibers, and, as flexible fibers, cellulose fibers from wood pulp are preferably used as rigid fibers. In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the complex according to the invention, the sheet based on rigid fibers contains a proportion of flexible fibers similar to those used in the constitution of the second sheet. Furthermore, it should be noted that in the sense of the present invention, the "flexibility" or the "rigidity" of the fibers is that which the said fibers have in the medium of the binding fluid and not in their natural state.

Par ailleurs, il peut être envisagé d'incorporer à l'une ou l'autre des nappes des additifs divers permet­tant de leur conférer des propriétés déterminées, telles que par exemple :
- des fibres métalliques pour augmenter la conduc­tivité électrique ;
des fibres de verre pour augmenter la stabilité dimensionnelle et la résistance au feu ;
- des fibres cellulosiques pour améliorer la dis­persion des fibres artificielles ou synthétiques ;
- des charges diverses, telles que charges minéra­les et/ou organiques peuvent éventuellement être incor­porées à l'une ou l'autre des nappes élémentaires pour modifier les propriétés finales du complexe, par exemple l'état de surface après que le complexe ait été lissé ou calandré, de manière à ce qu'il serve de support d'im­pression.Furthermore, it can be envisaged to incorporate various additives into one or the other of the plies, making it possible to give them specific properties, such as for example:
- metallic fibers to increase the electrical conductivity;
glass fibers to increase dimensional stability and fire resistance;
- cellulosic fibers to improve the dispersion of artificial or synthetic fibers;
- various fillers, such as mineral and / or organic fillers can optionally be incorporated into one or the other of the elementary plies to modify the final properties of the complex, for example the surface condition after the complex has been smoothed or calendered, so that it serves as a print medium.

Pour la réalisation du produit conforme à l'inven­tion, on met en oeuvre un procédé qui fait également partie de l'invention, ledit procédé consistant, à par­tir d'une machine conventionnelle permettant l'obtention d'une nappe nontissée par voie humide constituée de deux couches différentes, à conformer deux couches élémentai­res à partir de suspensions fibreuses, couches qui sont superposées sur la machine de production, ledit procédé se caractérisant en ce que :
- l'une des couches est au moins partiellement composée de fibres relativement rigides en milieu aqueux (polyester par exemple) ;
- l'autre couche comporte au moins une partie de fibres souples en milieu aqueux (fibres de bois de type résineux par exemple),
les deux couches ainsi produites étant soumises, encore à l'état humide, c'est-à-dire avant d'avoir été séchées, à l'action de jets de fluide (eau) s'exerçant au moins sur la face du complexe constitué de la couche à base de fibres souples, l'ensemble ainsi lié étant ensuite séché et rebobiné de manière conventionnelle.For the production of the product according to the invention, a process which also forms part of the invention is implemented, said process consisting, starting from a conventional machine allowing a nonwoven web to be obtained by wet process. of two different layers, to conform two elementary layers from fibrous suspensions, layers which are superimposed on the production machine, said process being characterized in that:
- one of the layers is at least partially composed of relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium (polyester for example);
the other layer comprises at least a portion of flexible fibers in an aqueous medium (wood fibers of the resinous type for example),
the two layers thus produced being subjected, still in the wet state, that is to say before being dried, to the action of jets of fluid (water) exerted at least on the face of the complex consisting of the layer based on flexible fibers, the assembly thus bonded then being dried and rewound in a conventional manner.

Pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé, on utilise une machine conventionnelle pour l'obtention de nontis­sés par voie humide, telle que par exemple une machine du type hydroformer de la société VOITH, modifiée pour comporter deux têtes de distribution de pâtes, cette machine étant combinée à un ensemble de liage hydrauli­que, également de type connu, qui permet d'appliquer des jets-aiguilles d'eau sous haute pression afin de lier la nappe.For the implementation of such a process, a conventional machine is used for obtaining nonwovens by the wet method, such as for example a machine of the hydroformer type from the company Voith, modified to include two heads for distributing pasta, this machine being combined with a set of hydraulic binding, also of known type, which allows to apply needle-jet of water under high pressure in order to bind the sheet.

De telles machines étant connues depuis fort long­temps ne sont pas décrites en détail dans la suite de la description.Since such machines have been known for a very long time, they are not described in detail in the following description.

Conformément au procédé selon l'invention, la ma­chine d'entrelaçage par fluide est combinée à la machine de formation des voiles nontissés, de telle sorte que l'opération de liage des deux nappes formées soit réali­sée alors qu'elles sont encore à l'état humide et avant toute opération de séchage.According to the method according to the invention, the fluid interlacing machine is combined with the machine for forming nonwoven webs, so that the operation of binding the two plies formed is carried out while they are still wet condition and before any drying operation.

Il était totalement inattendu qu'en appliquant une telle technique d'entrelaçage par fluide à un complexe nontissé obtenu par voie humide, complexe ayant une com­position bien précise (à savoir une couche à base de fibres rigides et l'autre à base de fibres souples), l'action d'entrelaçage étant réalisée alors que le com­plexe n'est pas encore sec et ce, de telle sorte que les jets d'entrelaçage agissent au moins sur la nappe cons­tituée de fibres souples, qu'il était possible d'obtenir en final un produit dont les propriétés sont nettement améliorées par rapport à une feuille de composition glo­bale équivalente, réalisé en une seule couche et compor­tant un mélange intime des mêmes fibres dans les mêmes pourcentages globaux comme cela ressort des exemples de réalisation décrits ci-après à titre indicatif et non limitatif, les figures 1 et 2 illustrant la demande étant des courbes montrant respectivement les caractéristiques de résistance à la déchirure (figure 1) et à la traction (figure 2) pour des matériaux réalisés conformément à l'invention (courbe A) et des matériaux ayant une même composition globale, mais réalisés en une seule couche (courbe B).It was completely unexpected that by applying such a fluid interlacing technique to a nonwoven complex obtained by the wet process, a complex having a very precise composition (namely a layer based on rigid fibers and the other based on flexible fibers ), the interlacing action being carried out while the complex is not yet dry, so that the interlacing jets act at least on the sheet made of flexible fibers, which it was possible to finally obtain a product whose properties are significantly improved compared to a sheet of equivalent overall composition, produced in a single layer and comprising an intimate mixture of the same fibers in the same overall percentages as is apparent from the exemplary embodiments described below by way of indication and without limitation, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrating the request being curves respectively showing the characteristics of tear resistance (f igure 1) and tensile (figure 2) for materials produced in accordance with the invention (curve A) and materials having the same overall composition, but produced in a single layer (curve B).

Tous ces exemples sont réalisés à partir d'une ma­chine papetière conventionnelle du type Hydroformer Voïth adaptée pour comporter deux arrivées de suspension dis­tincte et permettant de produire une feuille multicouch­es, machine adaptée conformément au procédé selon l'in­vention pour permettre de réaliser un entrelaçage hydrau­lique de la structure nontissée formée, cette opération de liage et consolidation de la structure étant réalisée directement à la sortie (voir sur) la toile de formation, alors que la matière est encore à l'état humide et avant qu'elle ne passe à l'intérieur de l'ensemble de séchage que comporte l'installation particulière. Dans le cas présent, on utilise une machine de liaison à enchevêtre­ment hydraulique classique. Dans la suite de la descrip­tion, les exemples sont donnés, étant entendu que cela n'est pas limitatif, en faisant percuter les jets de fluide (eau) sur la couche supérieure de la feuille rece­vant donc le premier impact de ces jets.All these examples are made from a conventional paper machine of the Hydroformer Voïth type adapted to have two separate suspension inlets and making it possible to produce a multilayer sheet, machine adapted in accordance with the method according to the invention to allow hydraulic interleaving of the nonwoven structure formed, this binding and consolidation operation of the structure being carried out directly at the outlet (see on) the forming fabric, while the material is still in the wet state and before it passes to the interior of the drying unit that the particular installation includes. In the present case, a conventional hydraulic entanglement binding machine is used. In the following description, the examples are given, it being understood that this is not limiting, by striking the jets of fluid (water) on the upper layer of the sheet therefore receiving the first impact of these jets.

Exemple 1 :Example 1:

Sur une machine papetière du type précité, on réa­lise un complexe non tissé conforme à l'invention à par­tir des compositions fibreuses suivantes :
- pour la couche supérieure : composition à base de fibres relativement souples en milieu aqueux, constituée par une pâte cellulosique à base de fibres de bois de type résineux (Pin Sylvestre par exemple) ;
- pour la couche inférieure : une suspension fibreu­se à base de fibres relativement rigides en milieu aqueux constituée de fibres de polyester de 1,7 dtex et 12 mm de longeur.On a paper machine of the aforementioned type, a nonwoven complex is produced in accordance with the invention from the following fibrous compositions:
- for the upper layer: composition based on relatively flexible fibers in an aqueous medium, consisting of a cellulose pulp based on resinous type wood fibers (Sylvester pine for example);
- for the lower layer: a fibrous suspension based on relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium consisting of polyester fibers of 1.7 dtex and 12 mm in length.

Les deux nappes séparément préparées à partir des compositions précitées sont amenées sur un tapis d'es­sorage, superposées l'une à l'autre et ce, en quantité telle qu'on ait une composition globale comportant 50 % de fibres de cellulose et 50 % de fibres polyester. Avant séchage complet du complexe formé, on soumet le complexe à une opération d'entrelaçage par fluide à raison de cinq rangées de jets/aiguilles successives ayant des pressions croissantes de 30 bars à 120 bars, le nombre de jets/ai­guilles par mètre de largeur de chaque rangée étant d'en­viron mille.The two sheets, separately prepared from the above-mentioned compositions, are brought to a spinning belt, superimposed on each other, in an amount such that there is an overall composition comprising 50% of cellulose fibers and 50%. polyester fibers. Before the complex formed has completely dried, the complex is subjected to a fluid interlacing operation at the rate of five successive rows of jets / needles having increasing pressures from 30 bars to 120 bars, the number of jets / needles per meter of width of each row being about one thousand.

En sortie de machine, après séchage, on obtient un nontissé ayant un bon épair, une très bonne résistance à la traction, l'allongement et a la déchirure. Ces carac­téristiques améliorées ressortent clairement des figures 1 et 2 annexées où l'on constate sur les courbes A que pour un tel pourcentage, la résistance à la rupture (N/m) est d'environ 1350 pour un matériau conforme à l'inven­tion, alors que dans le cas où l'on réalise le matériau en une seule couche ayant une même composition globale (courbe B), elle n'est que d'environ 850, et que la ré­sistance au déchirement (cN) est, si l'on se reporte à la figure 1 de l'ordre d'environ 2600 pour un matériau con­forme à l'invention , alors qu'elle n'est que légèrement supérieure à 1500 pour un matériau ayant une même com­position globale et réalisé en une seule couche (courbe B).On leaving the machine, after drying, a nonwoven having a good look, very good tensile strength, elongation and tearing is obtained. These improved characteristics appear clearly from the appended FIGS. 1 and 2 in which it can be seen on the curves A that for such a percentage, the tensile strength (N / m) is around 1350 for a material according to the invention, whereas in the case where the material is produced in a single layer having the same overall composition (curve B), it is only around 850, and that the tear strength (cN) is, if the reference is made to FIG. 1 of the order of approximately 2600 for a material according to the invention, while it is only slightly greater than 1500 for a material having the same overall composition and produced in a single layer (curve B).

Exemple 2 :Example 2:

On répète l'exemple 1 si ce n'est que la nappe com­plexe formée est, avant séchage, soumise à un traitement d'entreleçage par fluide sur ses deux faces. Par rapport à l'article précédent, on obtient un produit présentant de meilleures caractéristiques mécaniques (résistance à la traction, à l'allongement, à la déchirure), mais dans lequel la porosité est augmentée ; par ailleurs, on con­state un pourcentage de pertes de fibres plus élevé.Example 1 is repeated except that the complex web formed is, before drying, subjected to a fluid interlacing treatment on its two faces. Compared to the previous article, we obtain a product with better mechanical characteristics (resistance to tensile, elongation, tear), but in which the porosity is increased; moreover, there is a higher percentage of fiber losses.

Exemple 3 :Example 3:

On réalise un article conforme à la présente inven­tion, si ce n'est que les pâtes des deux couches du com­plexe sont modifiées de telle sorte que la couche supér­ieure soit formée à partir de fibres souples en milieu aqueux (100 % de fibres cellulosiques de pin sylvestre), alors que la couche est, quant à elle, constituée d'un mélange 50 % polyester, 1,7 Dtex, 18 mm et 50 % de cel­lulose de bouleau.An article is produced in accordance with the present invention, except that the pastes of the two layers of the complex are modified so that the upper layer is formed from flexible fibers in an aqueous medium (100% cellulose fibers from pine sylvestre), while the layer consists of a mixture of 50% polyester, 1.7 Dtex, 18 mm and 50% birch cellulose.

Pour améliorer la résistance à certains produits chimiques, cet article est renforcé par un traitement complémentaire en plein bain avec une émulsion de poly­mère synthétique (type latex) que l'on dépose à raison de 10 % environ par rapport à la masse fibreuse.To improve resistance to certain chemicals, this article is reinforced by an additional treatment in full bath with an emulsion of synthetic polymer (latex type) which is deposited at a rate of approximately 10% relative to the fibrous mass.

L'article obtenu présente outre de très bonnes ca­ractéristiques textiles, une résistance à la déchirure améliorée par rapport aux exemples précédents.The article obtained has, in addition to very good textile characteristics, an improved tear resistance compared to the previous examples.

Exemples comparatifsComparative examples

Ces exemples comparatifs sont regroupés dans les figures 1 et 2 annexées qui sont, comme dit précédemment, des courbes de mesure de résistance à la rupture et à la traction du matériau réalisé conformément à l'invention (courbe A) et de matériaux comparatifs ayant une même composition globale, mais réalisés en une seule couche (courbe B). Ces courbes sont réalisées à partir des maté­riaux (en une ou deux couches) pesant globalement 65 g/m2 et en faisant varier le pourcentage global de polyester. Les mesures sont réalisées selon les normes EDANA réfé­rence 70.1-75 pour les tests de déchirement et 20.1-73 pour les tests de traction.These comparative examples are grouped in the appended FIGS. 1 and 2 which are, as said previously, curves for measuring the breaking and tensile strength of the material produced in accordance with the invention (curve A) and of comparative materials having a same overall composition, but made in a single layer (curve B). These curves are made from materials (in one or two layers) weighing overall 65 g / m2 and varying the overall percentage of polyester. The measurements are made according to EDANA standards reference 70.1-75 for tear tests and 20.1-73 for tensile tests.

Il ressort clairement des courbes annexées que pour des matériaux complexes comportant la même composition globale de fibres dures et de fibres souples, l'un étant réalisé conformément à l'invention, l'autre à partir d'un mélange intime de fibres dans la pâte de manière à former un matériau monocouche, que les matériaux, soumis à un traitement d'entrelaçage identique, dans les mêmes condi­tions que pour les exemples précédents, conduit à des articles présentant des caractéristiques mécaniques in­férieures et ce, pour un même grammage et un même pour­centage global de fibres.It is clear from the appended curves that for complex materials comprising the same overall composition of hard fibers and flexible fibers, one being produced in accordance with the invention, the other from an intimate mixture of fibers in the dough. so as to form a monolayer material, that the materials, subjected to an identical interlacing treatment, under the same conditions as for the preceding examples, leads to articles having lower mechanical characteristics and this, for the same grammage and the same overall percentage of fibers.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à ces exemples de réalisation mais elle en couvre toutes les variantes réalisées dans le même esprit, dans la mesure où au moins l'une des couches du complexe formé comporte une partie au moins de fibres relativement plus souples en milieu aqueux que l'autre couche. Ainsi, il peut être envisagé de réaliser des articles comportant plus de deux couches de fibres, par exemple des couches formées de fibres qui présentent, en milieu aqueux, des rigidités de plus en plus élevées en allant d'une face à l'autre du matériau telles que, une couche à base de fibres de bois, puis une couche de fibrane, puis une couche de viscose, puis enfin une couche de polyester.Of course, the invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments but it covers all the variants produced in the same spirit, insofar as at least one of the layers of the complex formed comprises at least a portion of fibers. relatively more flexible in an aqueous medium than the other layer. Thus, it can be envisaged to produce articles comprising more than two layers of fibers, for example layers formed of fibers which have, in an aqueous medium, increasingly rigidities going from one face to the other of the material such as, a layer based on wood fibers, then a layer of fibrane, then a layer of viscose, then finally a layer of polyester.

Il est évident que l'on peut faire varier la rigi­dité et la souplesse en fonction de la puissance des jets d'entrelaçage et de leur densité.It is obvious that the rigidity and flexibility can be varied as a function of the power of the interlacing jets and their density.

Par rapport aux solutions antérieures, le nouveau matériau conforme à l'invention est non seulement très économique à obtenir puisqu'il peut être réalisé direc­tement sur une machine de production sans avoir à effec­tuer un séchage intermédiaire.Compared to previous solutions, the new material according to the invention is not only very economical to obtain since it can be produced directly on a production machine without having to perform an intermediate drying.

Cependant, le principal intérêt du nouveau matériau conforme à l'invention réside dans les caractéristiques mécaniques nettement supérieures aux matériaux anté­rieurs, caractéristiques obtenues sans détérioration des propriétés textiles des nappes obtenues et surtout sans adjonction de matières liantes additionnelles.However, the main advantage of the new material according to the invention lies in the mechanical characteristics clearly superior to the prior materials, characteristics obtained without deterioration of the textile properties of the plies obtained and above all without the addition of additional binder materials.

Comme dit précédemment, l'invention couvre égale­ment le cas où des additifs divers seraient ajoutés au matériau conforme à l'invention, notamment en vue de lui conférer des propriétés particulières, telles qu'une bonne conductivité électrique par incorporation d'un certain pourcentage de fibres métalliques à l'intérieur de l'une ou l'autre des nappes élémentaires, améliora­tion de la stabilité dimensionnelle, de la résistance au feu par incorporation d'une certaine quantité de fibres de verre.. .As said previously, the invention also covers the case where various additives are added to the material according to the invention, in particular with a view to giving it particular properties, such as good electrical conductivity by incorporating a certain percentage of metallic fibers inside one or other of the elementary layers, improvement of dimensional stability, of fire resistance by incorporation of a certain quantity of glass fibers.

De plus, il pourrait être envisagé d'interposer entre les deux nappes avant qu'elles ne soient liées, des éléments de renfort additionnels tels que par exemple des nappes à base de filaments continus, des grilles textiles.. .In addition, it could be envisaged to interpose between the two plies before they are linked, additional reinforcing elements such as for example plies based on continuous filaments, textile grids.

Le matériau peut également être consolidé par un liant additionnel du type Latex ou subir des traitements chimiques divers, tels que par exemple des traitements d'ignifugation, d'hydrofugation, de coloration.. en vue de l'application finale.The material can also be consolidated with an additional binder of the Latex type or undergo various chemical treatments, such as for example fireproofing, water repellency, coloring treatments, etc. for the final application.

Claims (9)

1/ Matériau complexe nontissé obtenu par voie humi­de, constitué d'au moins deux nappes de matières fibreu­ses superposées et liées entre elles, caractérisé en ce que :
- une nappe est au moins partiellement à base de fibres relativement rigides en milieu aqueux ;
- l'autre nappe comporte au moins une partie de fibres souples en milieu aqueux,
les deux nappes précitées étant liées entre elles par aiguilletage par fluide, agissant au moins du côté de la nappe de fibres souples, ladite opération d'aiguilletage étant réalisée sur la machine de fabrication, alors que les nappes élémentaires sont formées mais non encore séchées.1 / Nonwoven complex material obtained by the wet method, consisting of at least two layers of fibrous materials superimposed and linked together, characterized in that:
- A sheet is at least partially based on relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium;
the other sheet comprises at least a portion of flexible fibers in an aqueous medium,
the two aforementioned plies being linked together by needling by fluid, acting at least on the side of the ply of flexible fibers, said needling operation being carried out on the manufacturing machine, while the elementary plies are formed but not yet dried. 2/ Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la nappe à base de fibres rigides en milieu aqueux est à base de fibres de polyester, alors que la nappe à base de fibres souples est à base de fibres de bois de type résineux.2 / Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the web based on rigid fibers in an aqueous medium is based on polyester fibers, while the web based on flexible fibers is based on wood fibers of the resinous type. 3/ Matériau selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que des additifs divers sont incorporés aux nappes dans le milieu aqueux de la dispersion de fibres permettant de les produire.3 / Material according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that various additives are incorporated into the sheets in the aqueous medium of the fiber dispersion for producing them. 4/ Matériau selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les additifs sont des fibres métalliques per­mettant d'augmenter la conductivité électrique.4 / Material according to claim 3, characterized in that the additives are metallic fibers for increasing the electrical conductivity. 5/ Matériau selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les additifs sont des fibres de verre permet­tant d'augmenter la stabilité dimensionnelle et la résis­tance au feu.5 / Material according to claim 3, characterized in that the additives are glass fibers for increasing the dimensional stability and the fire resistance. 6/ Matériau selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les additifs sont des fibres cellulosiques permettant d'améliorer la dispersion des fibres artifi­cielles ou synthétiques.6 / Material according to claim 3, characterized in that the additives are cellulose fibers to improve the dispersion of artificial or synthetic fibers. 7/ Matériau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il a reçu un traitement permettant d'en modifier les propriétés, tels que traitements au moyen d'une résine polymère (type latex) ou un traite­ment chimique (ignifugation, coloration, hydrofugation).7 / Material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has received a treatment making it possible to modify its properties, such as treatment using a polymer resin (latex type) or a chemical treatment ( fireproofing, coloring, water repellency). 8/ Procédé pour la réalisation d'un matériau selon l'une des revendication 1 à 7 consistant, à partir d'une machine conventionnelle permettant l'obtention d'une nappe non-tissée par voie humide constituée de deux cou­ches différentes, à conformer deux couches élémentaires à partir de suspensions fibreuses, couches qui sont super­posées sur la machine de production, caractérisé en ce que :
- l'une des nappes est au moins partiellement com­posée de fibres relativement rigides en milieu aqueux (polyester par exemple),
- l'autre nappe comporte au moins une partie de fibres souples en milieu aqueux (fibres cellulo­siques de type résineux par exemple),
les deux couches ainsi produites étant soumises, encore à l'état humide, à l'action de jets de fluide (eau) s'ex­erçant au moins sur la face du complexe constitué de la couche à base de fibres souples, l'ensemble ainsi lié étant ensuite séché et rebobiné de manière convention­nelle.8 / A method for producing a material according to one of claims 1 to 7 consisting, from a conventional machine for obtaining a nonwoven web by wet consisting of two different layers, to conform two elementary layers from fibrous suspensions, layers which are superimposed on the production machine, characterized in that:
one of the sheets is at least partially composed of relatively rigid fibers in an aqueous medium (polyester for example),
the other sheet comprises at least a portion of flexible fibers in an aqueous medium (cellulose fibers of the resinous type for example),
the two layers thus produced being subjected, still in the wet state, to the action of jets of fluid (water) exerted at least on the face of the complex consisting of the layer based on flexible fibers, the assembly thus the bond is then dried and rewound in a conventional manner. 9/ Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait subir aux matériaux un traitement com­plémentaire en ligne ou hors ligne, tel que par exemple adjonction d'une résine polymère (type latex), traite­ment chimique permettant d'en modifier les propriétés spécifiques (ignifugation, coloration, hydrofugation..).9 / A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the materials are subjected to an additional treatment online or offline, such as for example the addition of a polymer resin (latex type), chemical treatment allowing modification specific properties (fireproofing, coloring, water repellency, etc.).
EP19900420152 1989-04-25 1990-03-27 Non woven wet-laid product and process for making the same Expired - Lifetime EP0396476B1 (en)

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FR8905769A FR2646177B1 (en) 1989-04-25 1989-04-25 NONWOVEN COMPLEX MATERIAL OBTAINED BY A WET PROCESS AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING SAME
FR8905769 1989-04-25

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1042066C (en) * 1993-02-15 1999-02-10 德利信电机股份有限公司 Apparatus for transfomation of rotative gearing of cassette driving mechanism

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3508308A (en) * 1962-07-06 1970-04-28 Du Pont Jet-treatment process for producing nonpatterned and line-entangled nonwoven fabrics
FR1600269A (en) * 1968-12-31 1970-07-20
FR2328073A1 (en) * 1975-10-17 1977-05-13 Tenagil Flexible nonwoven fabric protected against abrasion - by surface layer of self binding paper and/or synthetic fibres

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3508308A (en) * 1962-07-06 1970-04-28 Du Pont Jet-treatment process for producing nonpatterned and line-entangled nonwoven fabrics
FR1600269A (en) * 1968-12-31 1970-07-20
FR2328073A1 (en) * 1975-10-17 1977-05-13 Tenagil Flexible nonwoven fabric protected against abrasion - by surface layer of self binding paper and/or synthetic fibres

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1042066C (en) * 1993-02-15 1999-02-10 德利信电机股份有限公司 Apparatus for transfomation of rotative gearing of cassette driving mechanism

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FR2646177A1 (en) 1990-10-26
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DE69002862D1 (en) 1993-09-30
EP0396476B1 (en) 1993-08-25
DE69002862T2 (en) 1993-12-23

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