EP0433430B1 - Bowed instrument made of a composite material - Google Patents
Bowed instrument made of a composite material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0433430B1 EP0433430B1 EP90910767A EP90910767A EP0433430B1 EP 0433430 B1 EP0433430 B1 EP 0433430B1 EP 90910767 A EP90910767 A EP 90910767A EP 90910767 A EP90910767 A EP 90910767A EP 0433430 B1 EP0433430 B1 EP 0433430B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- fibers
- section
- musical instrument
- longitudinal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
- G10D3/22—Material for manufacturing stringed musical instruments; Treatment of the material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a musical instrument with a bow, that is to say belonging to the family of violins, violas, cellos and double basses.
- a bowed musical instrument that is made using composite material is described, for example, in US-A-4,408,516.
- the present invention intends to propose an instrument using as one of its components, a composite material which does not have the drawbacks of prior instruments.
- a bowed musical instrument of which at least the soundboard consists of a thin wall of composite material comprising a superposition of at least two crossed plies of long oriented fibers, covered on at minus one of its faces of a filling material of density significantly lower than that of the fibers, in which the arrangement plies of fibers is such that the ratio: longitudinal elastic modulus / transverse elastic modulus of the wall is higher along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the wall than in the vicinity of the lateral edges of the instrument .
- the composite structure can be locally modified to reinforce such or such part of the wall, in particular at the level of the core.
- the violin shown in Figures 1 and 2 conventionally comprises a soundboard 1, a bottom 2 and sides 3 closing laterally the sound box.
- a handle 4 is coupled to the resonance box at the end of which strings 5 are fixed by pegs, these strings passing over an easel 6 located between the gills 7 of the soundboard, to lead to the tailpiece 8 of l 'instrument.
- the soundboard 1 is a vaulted wall shaped by molding a composite material comprising a superposition of layers (A, B, C, D, ..) of carbon fibers prepreg in a polymerizable resin, these layers crossed at selected angles. On each side of this superposition, there is a cladding in wood veneer, Y and Z, which gives the table the characteristics from the vibratory point of view (damping, decrease in the overall density of the wall ).
- Figure 4 is the drawing of an elementary fraction dS of the section of the table shown in Figure 3. This fraction, enlarged disproportionately for the purposes of the presentation, is crossed by fibers 10 to 14 (or bundles of fibers ), oriented in a direction determined according to the tablecloth to which they belong and / or their position in the tablecloth.
- the fibers 10, 12 and 14, belonging to different layers are perpendicular to the fraction dS of section therefore parallel to the longitudinal axis 9 of symmetry of the instrument;
- the fibers 11 and 13 belonging to plies interposed between the preceding plies are crossed with respect to the fibers 10,12,14. If we take for each of these fibers a unit length U and we project this unit length on the one hand on the plane of the section and on the other hand on a plane perpendicular to this section, the ratio of the linear sum of these projections in each of these two planes is significant of the ratio of the transverse and longitudinal elastic moduli.
- the orientation of the fibers in each layer is modified in the direction of an accentuation of their "transversality" when one moves away from the axis of symmetry towards the edges, the sum of the longitudinal projections decreases and the sum of the transverse projections increases, therefore the abovementioned ratio of the moduli of elasticity decreases.
- FIG. 5 shows a wall according to the invention in which one of the plies A of fibers is laterally truncated.
- the wall thus constructed presents on these edges a lower modulus of elasticity ratio than in the center. It is of course possible to cut the sheet A according to a contour adapted to the final shape of the violin.
- At least one of the plies A has fibers which are oriented at the edges much more transversely than at the center where they are almost parallel to the axis of symmetry of the wall. It is also achieved by this means, by combining one or more plies of this type by crossing them with layers of straight or longitudinal fibers, at the construction of a wall meeting the required characteristics.
- the dashed lines mean that the soundboard 1 has among its tablecloths tablecloths of the kind of that A in Figure 6. It can also include tablecloths of the kind A of Figure 5.
- the soundboard and the bottom may include local reinforcements by adding additional layers of limited surface.
- additional layers of limited surface we know that there exists in violins a soul housed inside the sound box slightly forcibly between the table and the bottom, near one of the legs of the easel.
- the contact zones of the table and the bottom with the core can be reinforced by adding, before plating, these additional partial plies which mechanically reinforce these zones where there is, due to the core, a concentration of stresses.
- the ratio of the elastic moduli can be greater than that of an area in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry of the wall and therefore a fortiori of an area close to the edges of the instrument, but the surface concerned is limited.
- the ratio of the elastic moduli is decreasing either continuously, or in stages from the center to the edges.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un instrument de musique à archet, c'est à dire appartenant à la famille des violons, altos, violoncelles et contrebasses.The present invention relates to a musical instrument with a bow, that is to say belonging to the family of violins, violas, cellos and double basses.
On a cherché depuis de nombreuses années sans grand succès, à remplacer le bois utilisé dans ce type d'instruments par un matériau composite à base de nappes de fibres longues. L'intérêt d'un tel matériau composite réside dans sa parfaite stabilité dans le temps à l'égard des variations hygrométriques et de températures, ce qui n'est pas le cas du bois. Un autre avantage réside dans la possibilité théorique de disposer d'un matériau à caractéristiques constantes et parfaitement identifiées autorisant une répétabilité dans la fabrication qu'il est impossible d'obtenir à partir du bois. C'est pourquoi, jusqu'à présent, la facture industrielle de violons en bois n'a jamais donné d'instruments remarquables et les violons concernés ne sont que des instruments d'étude ou d'entraînement.For many years, attempts have been made, without much success, to replace the wood used in this type of instrument with a composite material based on sheets of long fibers. The advantage of such a composite material lies in its perfect stability over time with regard to humidity and temperature variations, which is not the case with wood. Another advantage lies in the theoretical possibility of having a material with constant characteristics and perfectly identified allowing repeatability in manufacturing that it is impossible to obtain from wood. This is why, up to now, the industrial invoice of wooden violins has never produced remarkable instruments and the violins concerned are only instruments of study or training.
La facture de violons en matériau composite, c'est à dire dont au moins la table d'harmonie est à base de fibres orientées (carbone ou polyamides aromatiques...) disposées en couches plus ou moins croisées et reliées entre elles par une résine, a toujours été un échec car les sons produits n'ont jamais pu atteindre la richesse des sons d'un instrument classique.The invoice of violins in composite material, that is to say at least the soundboard of which is based on oriented fibers (carbon or aromatic polyamides ...) arranged in more or less crossed layers and linked together by a resin , has always been a failure because the sounds produced have never been able to reach the richness of the sounds of a classical instrument.
Un instrument de musique à archet qui est fabriqué en utilisant du matériau composite est décrit, par example, dans US-A-4 408 516.A bowed musical instrument that is made using composite material is described, for example, in US-A-4,408,516.
La présente invention entend proposer un instrument utilisant comme l'un de ses composants, un matériau composite qui ne présente pas les inconvénients des instruments antérieurs.The present invention intends to propose an instrument using as one of its components, a composite material which does not have the drawbacks of prior instruments.
A cet effet, elle a donc pour objet un instrument de musique à archet dont au moins la table d'harmonie est constituée par une paroi mince en matériau composite comprenant une superposition d'au moins deux nappes croisées de fibres longues orientées, recouverte sur au moins l'une de ses faces d'un matériau de garniture de densité nettement inférieure à celle des fibres, dans lequel l'arrangement des nappes de fibres est tel que le rapport : module d'élasticité longitudinale / module d'élasticité transversale de la paroi est plus élevé le long de l'axe de symétrie longitudinal de la paroi qu'au voisinage des bords latéraux de l'instrument.To this end, it therefore relates to a bowed musical instrument of which at least the soundboard consists of a thin wall of composite material comprising a superposition of at least two crossed plies of long oriented fibers, covered on at minus one of its faces of a filling material of density significantly lower than that of the fibers, in which the arrangement plies of fibers is such that the ratio: longitudinal elastic modulus / transverse elastic modulus of the wall is higher along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the wall than in the vicinity of the lateral edges of the instrument .
On s'est en effet rendu compte qu'une paroi vibrante comportant ces caractéristiques permettait la production de sons riches, comparables à ceux produits par des violons de bonne qualité. Compte tenu des propriétés d'une structure composite à fibre longue, les modules d'élasticité dépendent essentiellement de l'orientation des fibres et de leur nombre dans une orientation donnée.We have in fact realized that a vibrating wall comprising these characteristics allows the production of rich sounds, comparable to those produced by good quality violins. Given the properties of a long fiber composite structure, the elastic moduli essentially depend on the orientation of the fibers and their number in a given orientation.
Ainsi, en considérant une fraction élémentaire d'une section transversale de la paroi et les projections d'une unité de longueur de chaque fibre qui traverse cette fraction élémentaire de section d'une part sur le plan de la section et d'autre part perpendiculairement à ce plan, le produit du nombre de projections longitudinales par leur longueur rapporté au produit du nombre de projections transversales par leur longueur est plus élevé pour une fraction élémentaire voisine du centre de la section transversale que pour une fraction élémentaire voisine de ses bords. En d'autre termes, on peut définir deux variantes de réalisation de l'invention selon que l'on agit sur le nombre de nappes de la paroi, différent au centre et au bord, ou que l'on agit, pour un nombre de nappes identique, sur l'orientation de fibres dans chaque nappe. Bien entendu, on peut réaliser un panachage des deux possibilités.Thus, by considering an elementary fraction of a cross section of the wall and the projections of a unit of length of each fiber which crosses this elementary fraction of section on the one hand on the plane of the section and on the other hand perpendicularly in this plane, the product of the number of longitudinal projections by their length compared to the product of the number of transverse projections by their length is higher for an elementary fraction close to the center of the cross section than for an elementary fraction close to its edges. In other words, we can define two alternative embodiments of the invention depending on whether we act on the number of layers of the wall, different at the center and at the edge, or whether we act, for a number of identical sheets, on the orientation of fibers in each sheet. Of course, one can achieve a mix of the two possibilities.
Dans le cadre général de cette construction, on peut modifier localement la structure composite pour renforcer telle ou telle partie de la paroi, notamment au niveau de l'âme.Within the general framework of this construction, the composite structure can be locally modified to reinforce such or such part of the wall, in particular at the level of the core.
Des exemples de réalisation de l'invention seront donnés au cours de la description ci-après afin d'en faire apparaître des avantages et des caractéristiques secondaires.Examples of embodiment of the invention will be given during the description below in order to show advantages and secondary characteristics.
Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente en vue de face un violon dont au moins la table d'harmonie est conforme à l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue de côté du violon de la figure 1,
- la figure 3 est une coupe selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2 de la table d'harmonie de l'invention,
- la figure 4 est une vue agrandie d'une fraction élémentaire de la section de la figure 3,
- les figures 5 et 6 sont des schémas illustrant deux structures de base possibles pour une paroi en composite utilisable comme table d'harmonie ou fond.
- FIG. 1 represents a front view of a violin of which at least the soundboard is in accordance with the invention,
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the violin of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a section along line III-III of FIG. 2 of the soundboard of the invention,
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of an elementary fraction of the section of FIG. 3,
- Figures 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating two possible basic structures for a composite wall usable as soundboard or background.
Le violon représenté aux figures 1 et 2 comprend classiquement une table d'harmonie 1, un fond 2 et des éclisses 3 refermant latéralement la caisse de résonnance. Un manche 4 est attelé à la boîte de résonnance à l'extrémité duquel des cordes 5 sont fixées par des chevilles, ces cordes passant sur un chevalet 6 situé entre les ouies 7 de la table d'harmonie, pour aboutir au cordier 8 de l'instrument.The violin shown in Figures 1 and 2 conventionally comprises a soundboard 1, a
La table d'harmonie 1 est une paroi voutée mise en forme par moulage d'un matériau composite comprenant une superposition de nappes (A,B,C,D,..) de fibres de carbone préimprégnées dans une résine polymérisable, ces nappes étant croisées sous des angles choisis. De chaque côté de cette superposition, il existe un habillage en placage de bois, Y et Z, qui confère à la table les caractéristiques du point de vue vibratoire (amortissement, diminution de la densité globale de la paroi...).The soundboard 1 is a vaulted wall shaped by molding a composite material comprising a superposition of layers (A, B, C, D, ..) of carbon fibers prepreg in a polymerizable resin, these layers crossed at selected angles. On each side of this superposition, there is a cladding in wood veneer, Y and Z, which gives the table the characteristics from the vibratory point of view (damping, decrease in the overall density of the wall ...).
La figure 4 est le dessin d'une fraction élémentaire dS de la section de la table représentée à la figure 3. Cette fraction, élargie démesurément pour les besoins de l'exposé, est traversée par des fibres 10 à 14 (ou faisceaux de fibres),orientées dans une direction déterminée selon la nappe à laquelle elles appartiennent et/ou leur position dans la nappe.Figure 4 is the drawing of an elementary fraction dS of the section of the table shown in Figure 3. This fraction, enlarged disproportionately for the purposes of the presentation, is crossed by
Par exemple, les fibres 10, 12 et 14, appartenant à des nappes différentes, sont perpendiculaires à La fraction dS de section donc parallèle à l'axe longitudinal 9 de symétrie de l'instrument; Les fibres 11 et 13 appartenant à des nappes interposées entre les nappes précédentes sont croisées par rapport aux fibres 10,12,14. Si on prend pour chacune de ces fibres une longueur unitaire U et que l'on projette cette longueur unitaire d'une part sur le plan de la section et d'autre part sur un plan perpendiculaire à cette section, le rapport de la somme linéaire de ces projections dans chacun de ces deux plans est significatif du rapport des modules d'élasticité transversale et longitudinale. On comprend donc que si, en n'importe quel point de la paroi, chaque fraction dS de section est traversée par le même nombre de fibres orientées identiquement, le rapport des modules d'élasticité est constant. En revanche, si en s'éloignant de l'axe de symétrie 9, on supprime une nappe de fibres à orientation longitudinale, on diminue la grandeur significative des sommes de projections dans le plan longitudinal de symétrie de l'instrument sans modifier l'autre grandeur dans le plan de la section (les fibres supprimées ayant une projection nulle dans ce plan) si bien qu'on modifie le rapport : module d'élasticité longitudinale (qui diminue) / module d'élasticité transversale (qui demeure pratiquement inchangé) dans le sens d'une baisse de ce rapport.For example, the
De même si, en gardant le même nombre de nappes pour la paroi, on modifie l'orientation des fibres dans chaque nappe dans le sens d'une accentuation de leur "transversalité" lorsque l'on s'éloigne de l'axe de symétrie vers les bords, la somme des projections longitudinales diminue et la somme des projections transversales augmente, donc le rapport susdit des modules d'élasticité diminue.Likewise if, by keeping the same number of layers for the wall, the orientation of the fibers in each layer is modified in the direction of an accentuation of their "transversality" when one moves away from the axis of symmetry towards the edges, the sum of the longitudinal projections decreases and the sum of the transverse projections increases, therefore the abovementioned ratio of the moduli of elasticity decreases.
La figure 5 montre une paroi conforme à l'invention dans laquelle l'une des nappes A de fibres est latéralement tronquée. La paroi ainsi construite présente sur ces bords un rapport de modules d'élasticité plus faible qu'au centre. On peut bien entendu découper la nappe A selon un contour adapté à la forme finale du violon.FIG. 5 shows a wall according to the invention in which one of the plies A of fibers is laterally truncated. The wall thus constructed presents on these edges a lower modulus of elasticity ratio than in the center. It is of course possible to cut the sheet A according to a contour adapted to the final shape of the violin.
A la figure 6 on voit qu'au moins l'une des nappes A possède des fibres qui sont orientées aux bords beaucoup plus transversalement qu'au centre où elles sont presque parallèles à l'axe de symétrie de la paroi. On parvient également par ce moyen, en combinant une ou plusieurs nappes de ce type en les croisant avec des couches à fibres rectilignes longitudinales ou en biais, à la construction d'une paroi répondant aux caractéristiques demandées.In FIG. 6, it can be seen that at least one of the plies A has fibers which are oriented at the edges much more transversely than at the center where they are almost parallel to the axis of symmetry of the wall. It is also achieved by this means, by combining one or more plies of this type by crossing them with layers of straight or longitudinal fibers, at the construction of a wall meeting the required characteristics.
Sur la figure 1 les lignes en traits interrompus veulent signifier que la table d'harmonie 1 comporte parmi ses nappes des nappes du genre de celle A de la figure 6. Elle peut également comporter des nappes du genre A de la figure 5. Ces dispositions montrent que le rapport des modules d'élasticité est maximum au centre de l'instrument, le long de son axe de symétrie longitudinal 9.In Figure 1 the dashed lines mean that the soundboard 1 has among its tablecloths tablecloths of the kind of that A in Figure 6. It can also include tablecloths of the kind A of Figure 5. These provisions show that the ratio of the elastic moduli is maximum at the center of the instrument, along its longitudinal axis of
Ce qui est décrit pour la table d'harmonie s'applique également pour le fond de la caisse de résonnance.What is described for the soundboard also applies to the bottom of the sound box.
Enfin, la table d'harmonie et le fond peuvent comprendre des renforcements locaux par adjonction de nappes supplémentaires de surface limitée. Par exemple, on sait qu'il existe dans les violons une âme logée à l'intérieur de la caisse de résonnance légèrement à force entre la table et le fond, a proximité de l'un des pieds du chevalet. Les zones de contact de la table et du fond avec l'âme peuvent être renforcées par adjonction, avant placage, de ces nappes partielles supplémentaires qui renforcent mécaniquement ces zones où il existe, du fait de l'âme, une concentration de contraintes. Dans ces zones bien entendu, le rapport des modules d'élasticité peut être supérieur à celui d'une zone au voisinage de l'axe de symétrie de la paroi et donc à fortiori d'une zone voisine des bords de l'instrument, mais la surface concernée est limitée. Ainsi, d'une manière générale, sauf en de tels endroits (on mentionnera également certaines bandes longitudinales partielles de la paroi de fond) le rapport des modules d'élasticité est décroissant soit continuement, soit par palier du centre vers les bords.Finally, the soundboard and the bottom may include local reinforcements by adding additional layers of limited surface. For example, we know that there exists in violins a soul housed inside the sound box slightly forcibly between the table and the bottom, near one of the legs of the easel. The contact zones of the table and the bottom with the core can be reinforced by adding, before plating, these additional partial plies which mechanically reinforce these zones where there is, due to the core, a concentration of stresses. In these areas of course, the ratio of the elastic moduli can be greater than that of an area in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry of the wall and therefore a fortiori of an area close to the edges of the instrument, but the surface concerned is limited. Thus, in general, except in such places (some partial longitudinal strips of the bottom wall will also be mentioned) the ratio of the elastic moduli is decreasing either continuously, or in stages from the center to the edges.
Claims (6)
- A bow musical instrument in which at least the front (1) is constituted by a thin wall of composite material comprising at least two superposed sheets (A, B, C, D, ...) of crossed and directed long fibers, the wall being covered on at least one of its faces with a lining material (Y, Z) of considerably lower density than the fibers, the instrument being characterized in that the disposition of the sheets of fibers is such that the ratio of the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the wall divided by the transverse modulus of elasticity of the wall is higher in a wall zone close to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the instrument than it is for a zone close to the sides of the instrument.
- A musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, when considering an element (dS) of a cross-section of the wall and the projections of unit lengths (U) of each fiber passing through said element of the wall cross-section, firstly on the plane of the section and secondly on a plane perpendicular thereto, the product of the number of longitudinal projections multiplied by their lengths compared with the product of the number of transverse projections multiplied by their lengths is higher for an element (dS) close to the center of the cross-section than for an element close to its sides.
- A musical instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that the directions of the fibers passing through an element (dS) of the section are identical regardless of the position of said element, with the variation in the above-mentioned product being obtained by reducing the number of sheets of fibers extending essentially in the longitudinal direction on getting closer to the sides.
- A musical instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of fibers passing through each element (dS) of the section is constant regardless of the position of said element, with the variation in the above-mentioned ratio being obtained by changing the angles of the fibers in each sheet starting with their angle relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the wall.
- A musical instrument according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the wall includes at least one area which is reinforced by at least one additional partial fiber sheet.
- An instrument according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the back wall of the sound body is made in the same manner as its front the wall.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8909048 | 1989-07-05 | ||
| FR8909048A FR2649525B1 (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1989-07-05 | MUSICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A BOW OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| PCT/FR1990/000501 WO1991000589A1 (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-03 | Musical instrument with a bow, made of a composite material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0433430A1 EP0433430A1 (en) | 1991-06-26 |
| EP0433430B1 true EP0433430B1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
Family
ID=9383503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90910767A Expired - Lifetime EP0433430B1 (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1990-07-03 | Bowed instrument made of a composite material |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5171926A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0433430B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0786749B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE129826T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69023318T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2081371T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2649525B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991000589A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6737568B2 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2004-05-18 | Martin Schleske | Soundboard of composite fiber material construction |
| DE102004041010A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Martin Schleske | Resonance plate in fiber composite construction for acoustic string instruments |
| DE102004041011A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Martin Schleske | Resonance plate in fiber composite construction for acoustic musical instruments |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5333527A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-08-02 | Richard Janes | Compression molded composite guitar soundboard |
| DE4313851C2 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1997-01-16 | Harry Hartmann | Musical instrument with a sound box |
| US5895872A (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1999-04-20 | Chase; Douglas S. | Composite structure for a stringed instrument |
| US6284957B1 (en) | 1997-06-12 | 2001-09-04 | Luis G. Leguia | Carbon fiber cello |
| US6060650A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 2000-05-09 | Mathew McPherson | Arrangement of a sound hole and construction of a sound board in an acoustic guitar |
| US6294718B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-09-25 | Kaman Music Corporation | Stringed musical instrument top member |
| US6372970B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-04-16 | Kaman Music Corporation | Stringed musical instrument body and neck assembly |
| US6943283B2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2005-09-13 | Mcpherson Mathew | Bracing system for stringed instrument |
| US6703545B2 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2004-03-09 | Mcferson Mathew A. | Violin |
| US6897366B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2005-05-24 | Mathew A. McPherson | Neck connection for stringed musical instrument |
| US20070084335A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Silzel John W | Musical instrument with bone conduction monitor |
| US20080202309A1 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Wiswell John R | Musical instrument and method of construction therefor |
| ITFI20110028U1 (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-06 | Hiroshi Kugo | ACCESSORIES FOR ARC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3699836A (en) * | 1970-09-09 | 1972-10-24 | Leon Glasser | Stringed musical instrument |
| US4364990A (en) * | 1975-03-31 | 1982-12-21 | The University Of South Carolina | Construction material for stringed musical instruments |
| US4408516A (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-10-11 | John Leonard K | Graphite fibre violin |
| GB2202072B (en) * | 1987-03-07 | 1991-04-03 | Joseph Harold Stephens | Improvements in or relating to violins |
-
1989
- 1989-07-05 FR FR8909048A patent/FR2649525B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-07-03 AT AT90910767T patent/ATE129826T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-03 EP EP90910767A patent/EP0433430B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-03 US US07/651,358 patent/US5171926A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-03 WO PCT/FR1990/000501 patent/WO1991000589A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-07-03 ES ES90910767T patent/ES2081371T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-03 JP JP2510016A patent/JPH0786749B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-03 DE DE69023318T patent/DE69023318T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6737568B2 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2004-05-18 | Martin Schleske | Soundboard of composite fiber material construction |
| US6770804B2 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2004-08-03 | Martin Schleske | Soundboard of composite fiber material construction |
| DE102004041010A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Martin Schleske | Resonance plate in fiber composite construction for acoustic string instruments |
| DE102004041011A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Martin Schleske | Resonance plate in fiber composite construction for acoustic musical instruments |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69023318T2 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
| US5171926A (en) | 1992-12-15 |
| FR2649525A1 (en) | 1991-01-11 |
| ES2081371T3 (en) | 1996-03-01 |
| JPH03502502A (en) | 1991-06-06 |
| EP0433430A1 (en) | 1991-06-26 |
| ATE129826T1 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
| DE69023318D1 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
| JPH0786749B2 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
| FR2649525B1 (en) | 1991-10-11 |
| WO1991000589A1 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
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