EP0533550A1 - Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle - Google Patents

Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0533550A1
EP0533550A1 EP92402518A EP92402518A EP0533550A1 EP 0533550 A1 EP0533550 A1 EP 0533550A1 EP 92402518 A EP92402518 A EP 92402518A EP 92402518 A EP92402518 A EP 92402518A EP 0533550 A1 EP0533550 A1 EP 0533550A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
tool
divergent
drilling tool
wall
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Granted
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EP92402518A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0533550B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Besson
Bernard Pontneau
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SECURITY DBS
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Original Assignee
Dite Db Stratabit SA Ste
DB Stratabit SA
Total SE
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Publication of EP0533550A1 publication Critical patent/EP0533550A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bits for a drilling tool working the rock by abrasion or shearing, for example for a monobloc tool provided with diamond blades or cutters, in crystalline polydiamond or PDC, with tungsten carbide, etc.
  • cylindrical or converging nozzles have excellent rock destruction performance, because they concentrate the flow of irrigation liquid over a small section. They are used for this in the tricolor tools.
  • the predominant factor is not that of the destruction of the rock by hydraulic impact, but rather that of the homogeneous irrigation of all the active surface of the tool.
  • This result could certainly be obtained by providing the monobloc tool with large nozzles, thus producing jets of fluid of large section and also having the advantage of not being blocked by the rock cuttings, but, in the case, where a corking, rare but possible, would occur, the uncorking would be difficult to carry out, because in a large nozzle, the pressure drop is low. If the tool has more than one large, unclogged nozzle, there will not be enough flow available to unclog the blocked nozzle.
  • US-A-4,703,814 there are known faults that can be fitted or detached from a tool. drilling with an Allen key, which saves space and a higher screwing torque than standard bits.
  • nozzles in no way solve the problem posed above, which is that of allowing good irrigation, self-cleaning and good cooling of the blades and cutters, as well as self-cleaning of the nozzles.
  • US-A-4,185,706 relates to the use of cavitation effect nozzles intended to effect the destruction of rock by cavitation. Cavitation is a destructive phenomenon due to mini-explosions which generate destructive shock waves. However, such failures do not provide a solution to the problem which is the basis of the invention.
  • Patent EP-A-0 146 252 relates to an assembly of elements intended to constitute a nozzle resistant to very high pressures. But this nozzle does not have a structure which would allow it to improve the cleaning, the distribution of the fluid and the cooling of the drilling tool.
  • the present invention relates to a nozzle having the qualities of irrigation, self-cleaning and cooling, which, moreover, is practically unbouchable and which can be easily uncorked in the event of obstruction.
  • Such a nozzle does not effect mechanical retention of material since it is flared outwards.
  • the pressure drop which occurs is that which prevails at the level of its internal section which is the smallest. At this level, the pressure drop between the inside and the outside of the nozzle is high, which favors the expulsion of the plug of material, all the more since the leaky wall of the nozzle does not offer any resistance to the plug.
  • the nozzle according to the invention performs an excellent irrigation of the tool because the jet is divergent and can thus reach a larger area. The energy of the flow is also distributed in a large diffusion cone and loses its power on impact.
  • the nozzle according to the invention combines both the qualities of the large nozzles, namely the difficulty of plugging and good irrigation, and those of the narrow nozzles, namely the existence of a high pressure drop and therefore greater ease in expelling the material plug.
  • this drawback is remedied by limiting the total angle of divergence to a maximum value, which is of the order of 30 °.
  • the wall of the nozzle has, at the narrowest section, a slight annular recess facing outwards.
  • This recess defines a counter-cavity in which there is a slight depression which thus accentuates the Coanda effect, by sucking the fluid towards the divergent wall.
  • the invention also relates to a tool provided with divergent nozzles.
  • the tool 10 is provided with a nozzle 12 with a divergent wall 16, the opening angle ⁇ of which is less than 30 °.
  • the irrigation fluid which arrives in turbulent regime adheres by Coanda effect to the divergent wall 16 and is ejected in the form of a divergent jet 18, without the formation of counter-currents.
  • Figure 2 shows what happens in the case of a divergent nozzle whose opening angle is greater than 30 °. It can be seen here that the fluid no longer sticks to the divergent wall 16, and that vortex counter-currents are created 20. Most of the fluid flow diverges very little.
  • the nozzle of Figure 1 opens easily since it diverges in the direction of circulation of the fluid. It therefore amounts to a large section nozzle, and at the same time it generates a high pressure drop, as in a small section nozzle. In addition, thanks to its divergent flow, it allows a wide irrigation of the tool without favoring certain areas at the expense of other areas.
  • a recess 22 which creates a slight depression in the cavity 24 thus formed. This depression sucks in the fluid and therefore accentuates the bonding effect of the fluid to the divergent wall.
  • the nozzle may have any suitable cross-sectional shape, for example circular, square or rectangular. Its wall may have a straight generator as in FIG. 1, or be convex.
  • the divergent part can be preceded by a convergent part 26 or cylindrical.
  • the nozzle according to the invention is particularly suitable for monoblock drilling tools, but in certain applications, it can also equip tri-cone tools.

Abstract

The invention relates to a divergent nozzle for a drilling tool, and a tool using such a nozzle. …<??>The nozzle (12) has a wall (16) which diverges outwards, the angle of divergence (a) being less than 30 DEG . …<IMAGE>…

Description

La présente invention concerne des duses pour un outil de forage travaillant la roche par abrasion ou cisaillement, par exemple pour un outil monobloc pourvu de lames ou de taillants en diamant, en polydiamant cristallin ou PDC, au carbure de tungstène, etc...The present invention relates to bits for a drilling tool working the rock by abrasion or shearing, for example for a monobloc tool provided with diamond blades or cutters, in crystalline polydiamond or PDC, with tungsten carbide, etc.

Ces duses doivent présenter de bonnes qualités d'irrigation, de nettoyage, de refroidissement des lames et des taillants, ainsi qu'une bonne évacuation des déblais.These faults must have good qualities of irrigation, cleaning, cooling of the blades and the cutting edges, as well as a good evacuation of the cuttings.

On sait que les duses cylindriques ou convergentes ont d'excellentes performances de destruction de la roche, du fait qu'elles concentrent le flux de liquide d'irrigation sur une faible section. On les utilise pour cela dans les outils tricônes.It is known that cylindrical or converging nozzles have excellent rock destruction performance, because they concentrate the flow of irrigation liquid over a small section. They are used for this in the tricolor tools.

Dans le cas d'outils monoblocs, le facteur prépondérant n'est pas celui de la destruction de la roche par impact hydraulique, mais plutôt celui de l'irrigation homogène de toute la surface active de l'outil. Ce résultat pourrait certes être obtenu en munissant l'outil monobloc de duses larges, produisant donc des jets de fluide de large section et ayant également l'avantage de ne pas se laisser boucher par les déblais de roche, mais, dans le cas, où un bouchage, rare mais possible, se produirait, le débouchage serait difficile à effectuer, car dans une duse large, la perte de charge est faible. Si l'outil comporte plusieurs autres duses larges non bouchées, il n'y aura pas assez de débit disponible pour déboucher la duse obstruée.In the case of monoblock tools, the predominant factor is not that of the destruction of the rock by hydraulic impact, but rather that of the homogeneous irrigation of all the active surface of the tool. This result could certainly be obtained by providing the monobloc tool with large nozzles, thus producing jets of fluid of large section and also having the advantage of not being blocked by the rock cuttings, but, in the case, where a corking, rare but possible, would occur, the uncorking would be difficult to carry out, because in a large nozzle, the pressure drop is low. If the tool has more than one large, unclogged nozzle, there will not be enough flow available to unclog the blocked nozzle.

Une solution pour favoriser le débouchage des duses pourrait consister à choisir des duses à faible section de passage, car la perte de charge élevée permettrait d'opérer le débouchage. Mais on retombe alors sur l'inconvénient que les duses à faible section se bouchent facilement.One solution to promote the unblocking of the faults could consist in choosing faults with a small passage section, since the high pressure drop would make it possible to unblock. But then we fall back on the disadvantage that the faults with small cross-section are easily clogged.

Par le brevet US-A-4 703 814, on connaît des duses susceptibles d'être montées ou détachées d'un outil de forage au moyen d'une clé Allen, ce qui apporte un gain de place et un couple de vissage supérieur à ceux des duses standards. De telles duses cependant ne résolvent en rien le problème posé ci-dessus, qui est celui de permettre une bonne irrigation, un auto-nettoyage et un bon refroidissement des lames et taillants, ainsi que l'auto-débouchage des duses. Le brevet US-A-4 185 706 concerne l'utilisation des duses à effet cavitant destiné à effectuer la destruction de la roche par cavitation. La cavitation est un phénomène destructeur dû à des mini-explosions qui génèrent des ondes de choc destructrices. Toutefois, de telles duses n'apportent pas de solution au problème qui est à la base de l'invention.By US-A-4,703,814, there are known faults that can be fitted or detached from a tool. drilling with an Allen key, which saves space and a higher screwing torque than standard bits. However, such nozzles in no way solve the problem posed above, which is that of allowing good irrigation, self-cleaning and good cooling of the blades and cutters, as well as self-cleaning of the nozzles. US-A-4,185,706 relates to the use of cavitation effect nozzles intended to effect the destruction of rock by cavitation. Cavitation is a destructive phenomenon due to mini-explosions which generate destructive shock waves. However, such failures do not provide a solution to the problem which is the basis of the invention.

Le brevet EP-A-0 146 252 concerne un assemblage d'éléments destiné à constituer une duse résistant à de très hautes pressions. Mais cette duse n'a pas une structure qui lui permettrait d'améliorer le nettoyage, la distribution du fluide et le refroidissement de l'outil de forage.Patent EP-A-0 146 252 relates to an assembly of elements intended to constitute a nozzle resistant to very high pressures. But this nozzle does not have a structure which would allow it to improve the cleaning, the distribution of the fluid and the cooling of the drilling tool.

La présente invention a pour objet une duse présentant les qualités d'irrigation, d'auto-nettoyage et de refroidissement, qui, de plus, soit pratiquement imbouchable et qui puisse être facilement débouchée en cas d'obstruction.The present invention relates to a nozzle having the qualities of irrigation, self-cleaning and cooling, which, moreover, is practically unbouchable and which can be easily uncorked in the event of obstruction.

Selon l'invention, toutes ces qualités sont obtenues au moyen d'une duse qui diverge de l'intérieur de l'outil vers sa surface.According to the invention, all these qualities are obtained by means of a nozzle which diverges from the interior of the tool towards its surface.

Une telle duse en effet n'effectue pas de retenue mécanique de matière puisqu'elle est évasée vers l'extérieur. De plus, en cas de bouchage, la perte de charge qui intervient est celle qui règne au niveau de sa section intérieure qui est la plus faible. A ce niveau, la perte de charge entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la duse est élevée, ce qui favorise l'expulsion du bouchon de matière, d'autant plus que la paroi fuyante de la duse n'oppose aucune résistance au bouchon. En outre, la duse selon l'invention effectue une excellente irrigation de l'outil du fait que le jet est divergent et peut ainsi atteindre une plus grande zone. L'énergie du flux est d'autre part répartie dans un large cône de diffusion et perd de sa puissance à l'impact.Such a nozzle does not effect mechanical retention of material since it is flared outwards. In addition, in the event of blockage, the pressure drop which occurs is that which prevails at the level of its internal section which is the smallest. At this level, the pressure drop between the inside and the outside of the nozzle is high, which favors the expulsion of the plug of material, all the more since the leaky wall of the nozzle does not offer any resistance to the plug. In addition, the nozzle according to the invention performs an excellent irrigation of the tool because the jet is divergent and can thus reach a larger area. The energy of the flow is also distributed in a large diffusion cone and loses its power on impact.

En résumé, la duse selon l'invention allie à la fois les qualités des duses larges, à savoir la difficulté de bouchage et la bonne irrigation, et celles des duses étroites, à savoir l'existence d'une perte de charge élevée et donc une plus grande facilité à l'expulsion du bouchon de matière.In summary, the nozzle according to the invention combines both the qualities of the large nozzles, namely the difficulty of plugging and good irrigation, and those of the narrow nozzles, namely the existence of a high pressure drop and therefore greater ease in expelling the material plug.

On sait que les débits de fluide d'irrigation qui s'écoulent dans les puits de forage pétroliers sont élevés et qu'ils déterminent un régime d'écoulement turbulent. Dans le cas d'une duse divergente, il peut se créer un contre-courant tourbillonnaire au niveau de la paroi divergente du fait que le fluide ne "colle" pas à cette paroi.It is known that the flow rates of irrigation fluid flowing in oil wells are high and that they determine a turbulent flow regime. In the case of a diverging nozzle, a swirling counter-current can be created at the diverging wall because the fluid does not "stick" to this wall.

Selon une autre caractéristique de la duse, on remédie à cet inconvénient en limitant l'angle total de divergence à une valeur maximale, qui est de l'ordre de 30°.According to another characteristic of the nozzle, this drawback is remedied by limiting the total angle of divergence to a maximum value, which is of the order of 30 °.

On a constaté en effet que jusqu'à cet angle, le fluide s'écoulant en régime turbulent colle encore à la paroi de la duse par effet Coanda. Dès que l'angle de divergence dépasse 30°, des contre-courants tourbillonnaires apparaissent. En régime laminaire, l'angle limite est d'environ 15 °.It has in fact been observed that up to this angle, the fluid flowing in turbulent regime still sticks to the wall of the nozzle by the Coanda effect. As soon as the angle of divergence exceeds 30 °, swirling counter-currents appear. In laminar regime, the limit angle is approximately 15 °.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, la paroi de la duse présente, au niveau de la section la plus étroite, un léger décrochement annulaire tourné vers l'extérieur. Ce décrochement définit une contre-cavité dans laquelle règne une légère dépression qui accentue ainsi l'effet Coanda, en aspirant le fluide vers la paroi divergente.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the wall of the nozzle has, at the narrowest section, a slight annular recess facing outwards. This recess defines a counter-cavity in which there is a slight depression which thus accentuates the Coanda effect, by sucking the fluid towards the divergent wall.

L'invention concerne également un outil muni de duses divergentes.The invention also relates to a tool provided with divergent nozzles.

On décrira à présent deux exemples de réalisation de l'invention en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe axiale d'une duse divergente selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 montre une vue en coupe d'une duse divergente d'angle d'ouverture supérieur à l'angle limite;
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une duse divergente comportant un décrochement ; et
  • La figure 4 est une vue à échelle agrandie du décrochement.
Two embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows an axial sectional view of a divergent nozzle according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a divergent nozzle with an opening angle greater than the limit angle;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a diverging nozzle having a recess; and
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the step.

Avec référence à la figure 1, l'outil 10 est muni d'une duse 12 à paroi divergente 16 , dont l'angle d'ouverture α est inférieur à 30°. Dans ces conditions, le fluide d'irrigation qui arrive en régime turbulent adhère par effet Coanda à la paroi divergente 16 et est éjecté sous forme d'un jet divergent 18, sans formation de contre-courants.With reference to FIG. 1, the tool 10 is provided with a nozzle 12 with a divergent wall 16, the opening angle α of which is less than 30 °. Under these conditions, the irrigation fluid which arrives in turbulent regime adheres by Coanda effect to the divergent wall 16 and is ejected in the form of a divergent jet 18, without the formation of counter-currents.

La figure 2 montre ce qui se passe dans le cas d'une duse divergente dont l'angle d'ouverture est supérieur à 30°. On constate ici que le fluide ne colle plus à la paroi divergente 16, et qu'il se crée des contre-courants tourbillonnaires 20. La majeure partie du débit de fluide diverge très peu.Figure 2 shows what happens in the case of a divergent nozzle whose opening angle is greater than 30 °. It can be seen here that the fluid no longer sticks to the divergent wall 16, and that vortex counter-currents are created 20. Most of the fluid flow diverges very little.

La duse de la figure 1 se débouche facilement puisqu'elle diverge dans le sens de la circulation du fluide. Elle équivaut donc à une duse à large section, et en même temps elle engendre une forte perte de charge, comme dans une duse à petite section. En outre, grâce à son flux divergent, elle permet une large irrigation de l'outil sans privilégier certaines zones au détriment d'autres zones.The nozzle of Figure 1 opens easily since it diverges in the direction of circulation of the fluid. It therefore amounts to a large section nozzle, and at the same time it generates a high pressure drop, as in a small section nozzle. In addition, thanks to its divergent flow, it allows a wide irrigation of the tool without favoring certain areas at the expense of other areas.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, il est prévu, à l'amorce de la partie divergente, un décrochement 22 qui crée une légère dépression dans la cavité 24 ainsi formée. Cette dépression aspire le fluide et accentue donc l'effet de collage du fluide à la paroi divergente.In the embodiment of Figure 3, there is provided, at the start of the divergent part, a recess 22 which creates a slight depression in the cavity 24 thus formed. This depression sucks in the fluid and therefore accentuates the bonding effect of the fluid to the divergent wall.

La duse peut avoir toute forme de section appropriée, par exemple circulaire, carrée ou rectangulaire. Sa paroi peut être à génératrice rectiligne comme sur la figure 1, ou convexe. La partie divergente peut être précédée d'une partie convergente 26 ou cylindrique.The nozzle may have any suitable cross-sectional shape, for example circular, square or rectangular. Its wall may have a straight generator as in FIG. 1, or be convex. The divergent part can be preceded by a convergent part 26 or cylindrical.

La duse selon l'invention convient particulièrement aux outils de forage monoblocs, mais dans certaines applications, elle peut équiper également les outils tricônes.The nozzle according to the invention is particularly suitable for monoblock drilling tools, but in certain applications, it can also equip tri-cone tools.

Claims (6)

1. Duse (12) pour outil de forage (10), caractérisée en ce que sa paroi (16) diverge de l'intérieur de l'outil vers sa surface. 1. Nozzle (12) for a drilling tool (10), characterized in that its wall (16) diverges from the inside of the tool towards its surface. 2. Duse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'angle de divergence (α) est inférieur à 30° environ. 2. Duse according to claim 1, characterized in that the divergence angle (α) is less than about 30 °. 3- Duse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'un décrochement annulaire (22) est formé à l'amorce de la partie divergente (16) afin de définir une cavité annulaire (24) où règne une dépression. 3- nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular recess (22) is formed at the start of the diverging part (16) in order to define an annular cavity (24) where a depression prevails. 4- Duse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la partie divergente (16) est précédée d'un passage cylindrique ou convergent (26). 4- nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the divergent part (16) is preceded by a cylindrical or convergent passage (26). 5- Outil de forage monobloc muni d'au moins une duse selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 5- Monoblock drilling tool provided with at least one nozzle according to one of the preceding claims. 6- Outil de forage tricône muni d'au moins une duse selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4. 6- Tricone drilling tool provided with at least one nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4.
EP92402518A 1991-09-16 1992-09-15 Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle Expired - Lifetime EP0533550B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9111371A FR2681372B1 (en) 1991-09-16 1991-09-16 DIVERGENT DUSE FOR A DRILLING TOOL, AND TOOL USING SUCH A DUSE.
FR9111371 1991-09-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0533550A1 true EP0533550A1 (en) 1993-03-24
EP0533550B1 EP0533550B1 (en) 1998-10-28

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EP92402518A Expired - Lifetime EP0533550B1 (en) 1991-09-16 1992-09-15 Divergent nozzle for drilling tool and tool using this nozzle

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US (1) US5293946A (en)
EP (1) EP0533550B1 (en)
AU (1) AU654738B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9203590A (en)
CA (1) CA2078269C (en)
DE (1) DE69227430T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2681372B1 (en)
NO (1) NO305916B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2062862C1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0584475A1 (en) * 1992-07-31 1994-03-02 Gd-Anker Gmbh Drilling device provided with an acceleration nozzle
WO2014118641A3 (en) * 2013-02-01 2015-05-21 Varel Europe S.A.S. Non-cylindrical nozzle socket for drill bits

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2456292A (en) 1993-03-18
NO305916B1 (en) 1999-08-16
CA2078269C (en) 2003-07-29
CA2078269A1 (en) 1993-03-17
FR2681372B1 (en) 1998-07-17
NO923585L (en) 1993-03-17
US5293946A (en) 1994-03-15
RU2062862C1 (en) 1996-06-27
AU654738B2 (en) 1994-11-17
DE69227430D1 (en) 1998-12-03
DE69227430T2 (en) 1999-07-01
EP0533550B1 (en) 1998-10-28
NO923585D0 (en) 1992-09-15
BR9203590A (en) 1993-04-13
FR2681372A1 (en) 1993-03-19

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