EP0590315A2 - Heater, especially for kitchen appliances - Google Patents

Abstract

At least one radiant heating resistor (10) consisting of a corrugated flat material strip has projections (28) which project in different directions from a corrugated longitudinal edge (14), on the one hand engaged in insulation (3) for retention and on the other hand form longitudinal sections (39) of slightly reduced electrical resistance, which longitudinal sections (39) appear dark in comparison with the interposed visibly glowing longitudinal sections (38) at the normal operating power. In consequence, when brought into use, this results in the corresponding longitudinal sections (38) illuminating in a manner which starts very quickly, is in the form of a point and then spreads to form a corrugated line, as well as the heating resistor (10) being anchored very reliably. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a heater or similar devices which can have at least one elongated resistor, such as a heating resistor, a series resistor, a luminous resistor or the like. Radiant heaters are preferably used for cooking devices for heating a hotplate, an oven muffle or other. The radiant heater expediently forms a functional, self-contained, pre-assembled unit, which as a whole is connected to a corresponding device, e.g. B. a stove, a muffle wall or the like. To be attached.

Instead of the resistor, another elongate component can also be provided, which in particular suitably influences the effect or the operation of the heater (for example the direction and distribution of the heat output). This component can have one or more separate mounting sections, support legs or the like which are integrated with it by a one-piece design or the like. which is used to support one another, if necessary, with a single counter surface or opposite counter surfaces.

In contrast to the support with essentially only one edge surface, it is advantageous to provide a support that is considerably larger in area, the support region of which can also be at a distance from an outer or peripheral edge surface, which is at least the 3-, 10-, 30- or 60- times the width of the edge surface, which can only be about 4/100 to 1/10 mm or less. The support leg can be continuous over at least a quarter, a third or half of the length or essentially over the entire length of the component and thus e.g. form a strip-like edge zone of the component, the longitudinal edge of which forms the end vertex of the support leg.

Instead or in addition, successive support legs can also be provided at a distance. If the respective support leg is not made from a flat or film-like starting material by cutting or cutting along its edge boundary, but instead, for example by permanent bending deformation from a wire-like material, it can be designed in the form of a bow or part of a ring or as a section of a helix. In particular, if the cross-section of this starting material is not polygonal, e.g. rectangular or square, but circular or flat-oval or elliptical, the support area lies at a distance from the linear vertex of the edge boundary, which corresponds to at least the minimum or maximum cross-sectional thickness of the starting material, this distance is to be measured approximately at right angles to the edge boundary. In any case, the support leg is advantageously flat insofar as its width or length is at least 2, 4 or 30 times greater than the material thickness mentioned.

The heater is expediently arranged in such a way that on its heating side at least one component or resistor is visible from the outside at least over part of its length if this heating side is not obscured or covered by a cooking vessel or the like. On this heating side, the heater or the respective resistor is advantageous with a translucent cover, for. B. a glass ceramic plate shielded and thereby protected against direct contact. The component can, however, also be provided with longitudinal sections or essentially completely recessed or embedded or encapsulated continuously over its length.

The smaller the material thickness of the starting material or the further this material thickness is less than one, half, one tenth or even half a tenth of a millimeter, the lower its strength, in particular its bending, buckling, pulling or tearing or thermal strength, especially if it is regularly exposed to very different temperatures of more than 200 or 500 to 1000 ° C. The strength is not only essential during operation, but also before and during assembly, because particularly high mechanical loads can occur here. It does not protect against these loads if, after inserting the support leg into its operating position, an end section is angled at a right angle for positive locking, because only then does the angle shape result in a certain stiffening. In this operating position, the non-prefabricated bend then forms, together with the transversely protruding end leg, the end apex at the free end of the support leg.

The so-called glow pattern of a resistor which can be perceived by the human eye and which is operated in the visible infrared radiation range depends on numerous factors, e.g. B. the intended electrical operating power, changes in cross section of the resistor, its thermal coupling or from the shape of the resistor insofar as this affects the current flow. Is the heating resistor z. B. as in the case of DE-PS-25 51 137 formed as a meandering strip of flat material, there are power concentrations in the area of the protruding ends of the meandering cutouts. Therefore, projections which are provided opposite these projecting ends on the outer edges of the meandering projections have practically no visible influence on the glow pattern in such a case that this resistance would be operated in the visible radiation range at all.

The invention is further based on the object of providing a radiant heater in which disadvantages of known designs or of the type described are avoided and which, in particular, ensures safe assembly connections for weakly dimensioned components or an effective influencing of the visible glow pattern with a simple design.

According to the invention, means are also provided in order to influence the strength of one or both side surfaces or support flanks of a weakly dimensioned component, for example by assigning a prefabricated profile to the respective support flank or the support area. Also, at least one side surface or support flank in a profile region lying at a distance from the end apex zone can be at least partially in an orientation that extends from a straight or curved longitudinal central axis of the Component deviates from right-angled and / or parallel alignment, the material cross section of the section having the support flank in the profile area deviating from a centrally symmetrical cross section in the state which this section assumes during operation. The profile area can also be provided approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction mentioned and / or in at least one, two or more inclined positions with respect to this longitudinal direction, for example alternating directions. In the case of a stirrup-shaped support leg, in addition to a possible spiral pitch, it can also be bent one or more times transversely to the stirrup or incline plane in the area of at least one stirrup leg and / or the stirrup vertex, so that, for example, cross-sections of areas associated with the leg longitudinal direction against one another transversely to the mentioned Level are offset.

The profiling or the like can be used to create means for changing, in particular for increasing the stated strengths, in particular the dimensional rigidity. The profiling can also form, for example, a spade-shaped channel or guide profile, which forms a pull-off protection through mutual, essentially full-surface frictional engagement in the mating surface, but ensures a form-fitting guide against lateral movement during assembly or the like. Furthermore, the profiling can form a compensating profile for mechanical, thermal or similar stresses which can be stretched and / or compressed resiliently transversely to its longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the profiling is suitable for large-area thermal coupling to the counter surface. If the profiling is essentially rigidly connected to the component in one to all directions or if it forms a continuation of a profile deformation of this component, it can they also significantly influence or increase the stated strengths of the component. Finally, the profiling in its area can influence the heating effect, for example, by the fact that current flows through it in the manner of a parallel resistor or the like only over a part or the entire length of the leg, and thereby possibly increases or decreases the heating power in its area compared to adjacent longitudinal sections of the component .

The profile can also be provided in a cross section parallel to the longitudinal direction of the leg, but is expediently only provided in cross sections perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the leg, in order to form a plug-in element in a simple manner, which can be pierced into a suitable material without prior preparation of a plug-in opening and thereby produces the plug-in opening which is precisely matched to it without play and which then closes it tightly at the open end or on the free surface of the material. The profiling then expediently has mutually parallel sheath lines in all longitudinal sections parallel to the longitudinal or insertion direction on both opposite or complementary sides over the entire insertion depth or length, which in a straight line also over most of the height or the entire height of the component can be continued in a straight line.

The design according to the invention is also suitable for supporting the support leg only in the area of an edge surface or the end apex. It can furthermore, if necessary with a substantially flat outer shape, be formed by a two-layer or multi-layer design of the support leg, adjacent layers lying against one another over a large area or over the entire surface and / or being at a small distance from one another approximately in the order of magnitude of the material thickness. The multilayer can, for example can be achieved in a simple manner by folding, wherein the respective folding edge can form the end apex and / or a lateral longitudinal edge of the support leg and leads to a thickening of the cross section.

The mounting section or the component is expediently first of all cut out of a flat or planar and not pre-profiled sheet material, such as a thin sheet, after which the profiles are produced and the component is therefore shortened in its effective length. A single separating cut can simultaneously form two complementary edge surfaces of two components that are approximately mirror-symmetrical before the complete separation, which thus e.g. can be produced completely waste-free if a projection or support leg of a component corresponds in its outline shape exactly to that of the gap between two projections of the other component.

Regardless of the design described, it can also be advantageous to provide at least one profile of a component or support leg as a fine profile, in which the two profile legs starting from a profile apex, depending on the requirements, have a greatest distance from one another or a length of less than two up to less than half a millimeter apart. Between these values, the measure mentioned can vary in steps of one tenth of a millimeter. As a result, in the case of a band-shaped or strip-shaped resistor or the like, the effective length of the component or resistor material can be many times greater than the actual length of this component in the operating state, that is to say its installed length. In the case of a resistor, this is particularly expedient if it is to be operated with a nominal voltage of more than 230 V, for example with about 400 V, because then by the corresponding increased surface area of the resistance whose specific thermal surface load can be reduced with the same power. Two or more profiles of different fineness produced by permanent deformation can be superimposed on one another. For example, sections of a coarser undulating profile can be provided with a finer undulating profile in such a way that, for example, a solid shaft of the coarser profile contains 5, 10 or even 20 full waves of the finer profile. While the largest leg distance of a U- or V-shaped profile unit of the coarser profile can be of the order of magnitude of the height of the exposed resistance section, it is less than half, a quarter or a tenth of this height for the fine profile, the distance also being at least can correspond to 1, 3 or 5 to 10 or 20 times the material thickness of the fine profile.

Means for increasing the resistance value or for limiting the mainly resistance-active area can be formed continuously in only individual longitudinal sections and / or over the entire length of the resistor by openings which are continuous over the starting material cross section. Such breakthroughs can be provided in the support leg or in the resistance-active main section of the component in one, two or more rows parallel to its longitudinal direction and influence the heating behavior of the heater in the associated section. For example, a plurality of openings can be distributed in a grid-like manner and closely spaced in a field, and a large number of such fields can be accommodated over the length of the component with larger spacings. In the area of the respective opening, the support leg then forms a resistance-active area with only part of its leg length.

According to the invention, means or a method for adjusting the resistance value of a resistor are also proposed independently of the designs described. The actual value of the resistance value is then recorded, compared with the target value, the actual value deviation is determined therefrom and, derived therefrom, the resistance is processed without changing the effective resistance length such that its resistance value is approximated or adjusted to the target value. The processing is not carried out at the ends of the resistance strand, but in the distance between them through cross-section thickening and / or material removal, e.g. by producing the folds or openings mentioned. If such breakthroughs are provided in any case, their intermediate distances and / or sizes can be varied continuously in order to adjust the resistance value, as a result of which an extremely precise resistance adjustment is possible. The removal of material can be computer or microprocessor controlled with a laser beam in the manner of the finest perforations. The respective opening can have a width of less than 1 or 0.5 mm or of more than 1.5 or 2 mm. The intermediate distances between adjacent openings can also be of the same order of magnitude.

According to the invention, it is also advantageous, regardless of the designs described, if a temperature sensor of a temperature limiter or the like, which monitors the heating power or temperature of the heater, is provided in a region in which the at least the power or arrangement density of the temperature limiter or the like is provided Heating or the heating resistor is much lower than in the areas of highest density of this type. The area mentioned can also be essentially completely free of radiation sections of the heating-effective component and / or other components or be formed only by the substantially flat surface of the insulating material or the carrier for the component. This design is particularly expedient for a temperature sensor which does not extend over the entire width of the heating field, but only approximately up to its unheated central zone, in which the temperature sensor and the support can be supported against one another. With this design, the rod-shaped temperature sensor can be placed relatively close to the surface of the carrier in order to achieve a flatter design of the heater and, moreover, direct thermal reflections from the sensor on the component, which could damage this component, are avoided.

According to the invention, means are also provided by means of which one and the same resistor forms sections of such a size and such a spacing that an average human eye can clearly see brightness contrasts between these sections during power consumption, shortly after the start of the power supply and / or some time after the power supply has been interrupted can clearly see. In view of the heating side, the respective section occupies a maximum bandwidth transversely to its longitudinal direction and the length of the respective lighter and / or darker section is expediently at least half as large, the same size or several times larger than this bandwidth, so that lighter and darker sections are clear connect differently.

The resistance can be designed so that the section provided for brighter lighting in the heating phase, ie at the beginning of the power supply in the cooled state, begins to glow in the center at a point and then this luminous point becomes increasingly in with this heating opposite longitudinal directions of the resistance to a luminous line is increased until this luminous line has reached its substantially constant luminous length when the operating temperature is reached and its ends are relatively sharp in contrast or with an abrupt decrease in brightness, each connecting to a darker longitudinal section. The light line can be approximately linear or slightly curved, zigzag-shaped, wavy and / or similar in view of the position level of the resistor. While the resistance glows relatively brightly in the area of the luminous line, it glows weaker in the area of the darker section or not in the visible area, so that this darker section can be illuminated indirectly by the lighter section and the contrast is thereby made even clearer.

A single or multiple resistors in the area of a common field, e.g. B. in interlocking or adjacent turns or with adjacent longitudinal areas that are longer than those grid areas, which are formed by the lighter and darker longitudinal sections. In the longitudinal direction of the heating resistor or transversely thereto, successive lighter or darker longitudinal sections can have the same length or different lengths, can follow one another in a continuous line or can be offset from one another transversely to such a connecting line. They can also have the same or different intermediate distances, can be arranged within a limited or the entire resistance field in a uniform, regular or different distribution density and, in addition, visually illuminated sections can have clearly distinguishable brightness. This makes it possible to provide clearly distinguishable glow patterns depending on the respective setting or power status of the radiant heater, not only by eye control make a distinction as to which heating resistor or which heating resistors are in operation, but which form the different, rasterized display symbols.

The design according to the invention also makes it possible to significantly shorten the time between the start of the power supply and the first visible lighting, namely under ten or five seconds or even under four seconds. For example, in the case of very low interference brightness, the first tiny luminous dots can become visible just one second after the power supply is switched on and the luminous lines have reached their full length after three to four seconds. In order to achieve an advantageously fine grid of the individual lighting units, an average of at least one or one and a half light or dark sections is expediently provided per cm² heating surface, so that, for. B. in the case of a heating field with approximately 18 cm in diameter result in approximately 200 light and 200 dark sections. In contrast, the screening could also be increased significantly by increasing the number of contrasting sections up to a doubling or tripling. It has proven to be advantageous if the maximum operating temperature between light and dark sections differs by at least 5 to 10 or 50 ° C. or approximately 100 ° C. or if it is approximately 1000 to 1050 ° C. for the light sections or for the dark sections is about 950 to 1020 ° C, so that in one case this operating temperature is below 1000 or 1015 ° C and in the other case above.

If the resistor is in contact with electrical or thermal insulation over its length at several points or in approximately uniform distribution, a direct heat-conducting coupling between the different materials of the resistor results at these points and insulation. As long as the insulation is far below its operating temperature z. B. cooled to room temperature, it can initially absorb heat at the points mentioned when the resistor is started, but this heat absorption has essentially ended when the insulation has reached its operating temperature of approximately 1000 ° C. This heat dissipation promotes the point-like start of lighting and the thermal characteristic of this heat dissipation promotes the spreading of the red dot to the illuminated line.

Irrespective of the design described, the respective resistor can also have projecting projections which are offset transversely to its longitudinal direction and which engage in a holder for the resistor, for. B. serve in said insulation. These projections are expediently arranged and designed such that they essentially secure only by friction or non-positive engagement and not in a form-fitting manner. The respective projection can be resiliently biased in one or two directions perpendicular to one another and transverse to the direction of insertion of the projection against corresponding mating surfaces of the holder, thereby increasing the frictional engagement. For example, the resistance adjacent to the respective protrusion can be extended in a resilient manner by stretching or shortened in a resilient manner by compression so that the entire protrusion engages in the insulation biased in the longitudinal direction of the resistance. The respective projection is expedient, formed by one of the support legs described.

The resistance can also be curved so as to spring back to a narrower or a further curvature about an axis lying far outside its side surfaces, so that the respective projection is transverse to this property due to this property Longitudinal direction of resistance is pressed against the counter surfaces of the bracket. Furthermore, the projection itself resilient, for. B. be formed trough-shaped or in the manner of a section of a cone jacket and thereby form pliers-like spring legs, which are either diverging or converging resiliently pressed against associated mating surfaces of the holder. If the projection is connected in a suitable manner to a flat cross-section or the like, or is formed in one piece with it, this results in a curvature behavior of this strand-like overall component which is specifically different in the area of the respective projection than in areas in which no projection is provided. If such a strand is curved in the elastic region in a ring shape around an axis approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the projection, such as the z. B. is the case when transferring into spiral turns, the free end of the projection performs a slight tilting movement to the concave curvature side. Since projections lie in different arc sections, they therefore also perform differently directed tilting movements and then lie slightly obliquely to the direction in which the resistance is inserted into the holder; this direction is z. B. at right angles to the heating level. The different tilting positions of the projections then lead to an even better securing of the resistance to the holder.

The projections can coincide with the darker sections of the resistor, which is why the number and distribution density of what is explained above with reference to the light or dark sections can apply to them. The respective protrusion expediently forms only a small part of its height in a region which is active in resistance or through which the current flows and through which the resistance value of the associated section of the resistor is reduced, that this appears as a dark section in the manner described. For this purpose, the projection with an area of greatest cross-section expediently adjoins the associated longitudinal edge of the remaining resistor, the projection being tapered from this cross-section to its free end over part or all of its height.

The specific resistance values or power densities can also be selected approximately the same in the sections with and without projections or support legs, or they can be designed such that they do not differ with regard to the respective operating characteristics, which e.g. is defined by the resistance-effective cross section, the thermal storage capacity, the thermally conductive coupling, the larger of two cross-sectional dimensions lying at right angles to one another, the visible luminous brightness or the like. In this respect, adjacent, but differently formed or all sections in at least one of the above-mentioned operating states can form a line of essentially the same brightness without interruption, without a dashed pattern being produced.

Fig. 1

einen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizers in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt der Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 3

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Widerstandes in Draufsicht,

Fig. 4

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Strahlungs-Heizers im Querschnitt,

Fig. 5

einen weiter vergrößerten Ausschnitt eines Strahlungs-Heizers im Axialschnitt,

Fig. 6 und 7

zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele in Darstellungen entsprechend Fig. 5,

Fig. 8

eine weitere Ausführungsform in einer Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 5,

Fig. 9 bis 11

drei weitere Ausführungsformen in Darstellungen entsprechend Fig. 8,

Fig. 12

einen wesentlich vergrößerten Ausschnitt eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispieles,

Fig. 13

zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 12,

Fig. 14

einen Strahlungs-Heizer in Ansicht auf die Heizseite und

Fig. 15

einen Ausschnitt der Figur 14 im Querschnitt.

These and other features emerge from the claims from the description and the drawings, the individual features being realized individually or in groups in the form of sub-combinations in one embodiment of the invention and in other areas, and advantageous and protectable designs can represent, for which protection is claimed here. Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail below. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

a section of a heater according to the invention in perspective view,

Fig. 2

2 shows a detail of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view,

Fig. 3

another embodiment of a resistor in plan view,

Fig. 4

another embodiment of a radiant heater in cross section,

Fig. 5

a further enlarged section of a radiant heater in axial section,

6 and 7

two further exemplary embodiments in representations corresponding to FIG. 5,

Fig. 8

5 shows a further embodiment in a representation similar to FIG. 5,

9 to 11

three further embodiments in representations corresponding to FIG. 8,

Fig. 12

a substantially enlarged section of a further embodiment,

Fig. 13

two further exemplary embodiments in a representation corresponding to FIG. 12,

Fig. 14

a radiant heater in view of the heating side and

Fig. 15

a section of Figure 14 in cross section.

The radiation heater 1 has an essentially dimensionally stable, multi-part and cup-shaped base body 2, the cup opening of which essentially forms the thermal output. The largest material volume of the base body 2 forms an essentially two-part or three-part insulation 3 consisting of a supporting body 4 and an insulating body 5. The supporting body 4 has, in particular, electrically insulating properties and forms the essentially flat and / or smooth bowl bottom which is exposed for thermal output . The support body 4 is supported flat on an approximately plate-shaped insulating body 5, which have better thermal insulating properties than the support body 4 and can only rest on this in the edge and / or at least one ring area, so that a large area between the two bodies 4, 5 Gap gap exists. The mechanical strengths, such as compressive, bending, tensile and / or shear strength of the insulating body 5 can be lower than those of the supporting body 4, and both are arranged in a socket 6 made of material with a higher strength, e.g. in a sheet metal shell, which secures the insulation 3 axially and / or radially essentially without play.

Axially beyond the bottom 7 of the insulation 3 is a ring-shaped continuous edge 8 which forms the cup opening and is made of insulating material which, according to FIG. 1, is formed in one piece with the supporting body 4 and consists of an insulating material which corresponds to that of the supporting body 4 and / or the insulating body 5 is similar. This edge 8, the radial thickness of which is greater than that of the supporting body 4, is closely surrounded by a jacket-shaped edge 9 of the holder 6, which in the installed state is axially opposite the free end face of the Insulation 3 is set back, for example by an insulating ring placed on the edge 8.

At the bottom 7 several elongated strand-like components or resistors 10 are fastened in such a way that they are secured against movement parallel to the bottom 7 or their longitudinal direction or against lifting movements transversely from the bottom 7, essentially without play. The resistors 10, which are provided here at least partially as heating resistors lying freely within the cup space, can be arranged approximately parallel to the edge 8 in single or multiple spiral windings or spirals which are located one inside the other. The resistors 10 are preferably distributed substantially uniformly over a field which approximately adjoins the inner circumference of the edge 8 over the entire circumference and extends to the center of the base 7.

Each resistor 10 has essentially exactly the same, approximately rectangular flat cross sections over the entire length of the exposed area in that it is made from a flat strip.

The flat band remains in the plastic area and is deformed by bending in the elastic area. It has two side surfaces 12, 13 with a parallel cross section and two very narrow edge surfaces 14, 15 connecting them. Its thickness 32 can e.g. B. about 0.07 mm and its largest cross-sectional width or width 28 z. B. about 4 to 8 mm, in particular 6 to 7 mm. The respective band end of the resistor 10 can be formed directly and without additional intermediate elements as an electrical connection end 16. It can be brought into a position by bending or interlacing with respect to the rest of the resistor 10, in which it is contact-free with respect to the insulation 3 and is particularly well suited for the electrical connection.

The respective connection end can also be formed directly by another non-deformed band end, as is the case if the band is cut off at any suitable point along its length only by a separating cut lying transversely to it. Furthermore, the end of the band can be bent in an eyelet or fold shape and a transversely projecting connecting pin can be fastened between its fold legs, which, for. B. has the same flat rectangular cross-sections throughout its entire length. The connection end is at least slightly freely movable transversely to the floor 7 and in all directions parallel to it, so that it can be aligned well with those counter-members to which it is to be connected for its electrical connection.

A one-piece continuous flat strip can also form two mutually adjacent, separately switchable resistors if these end at one end in one piece via a cross section and / or the cross section connecting these individual resistors is formed in one piece with a corresponding connection end.

The respective resistor 10 forms a fastening section 17 which is interrupted over most of its length or its entire length, in that it is in engagement with the support body 4 over this length in such a way that it opposes movements in the directions mentioned is secured. For this purpose, an engagement section 18 adjoining an edge surface 14 with projections 28 is embedded in a correspondingly adapted manner in corresponding recesses 19 of the supporting body 4. The flat cross section 11 continuously forms resistance-active cross sections between the two edge surfaces 14, 15, which are each enlarged by approximately 10% or less in the area of the projections 28.

The depth of engagement of the projections 28 or of the engagement section 18 can e.g. about 3 to 4 mm or about as much as or more than half of the associated total width 31, 34 of the flat strip. The two side surfaces 12, 13 can rest in the area of the respective common longitudinal section or the projection at different heights on the insulating material of the support body 4 or at the same height, depending on which radiation conditions or thermal coupling effects are to be achieved. Depending on whether the respective spiral section is elastically prestressed in an area by widening or narrowing, it rests under spring tension with the inner or outer side surface 13 or 12 of the respective projection, which form support surfaces.

The resistors 10 are located on the heating side 20 of the base 7 or the base body 2 facing the cup opening and, for example, with their edge surfaces 15 closer to the thermal output, determine a heating plane 21 approximately parallel to the base 7. The heating element 1 has a central heating plane 21 perpendicular axis 22, around which the resistors 10 are curved. In addition to its large elastic curvature, each resistor 10 has a profile, namely a profile that changes in its longitudinal direction, for example a sinusoidal curve. In the view of the heating plane 21, the resistor 10 is alternately provided with opposite, but essentially the same curvatures 23, and adjacent curvatures merge into one another with their approximately straight or flat legs 24.

Correspondingly, the projections 28 and the depressions 19 are curved permanently or intrinsically stiff, the legs 24 diverge from the respective curvature 23, expediently at an angle of more than 30 °, 60 ° or 90 °. As a result, thermal elongations of the resistor are transmitted to the supporting body 4 in a relatively unproblematic manner. The corrugation is essentially produced by bending in the plastic area, but allows additional elastic deformations z. B. to produce the large curvature, to lengthen or shorten the resistance and to bend the resistance across the heating plane 21 in order to adapt the resistance in each area to the shape of the bottom 7.

The inner circumference 27 of the edge 8, which according to FIG. 4 can also form a component separate from the supporting body 4, practically limits the thermal output of the heating unit 1 on the outer circumference. 4, the free end face 25 of the edge 8 projects a small amount beyond the end face of the edge 9, so that a radiation-permeable cover plate 26 made of glass ceramic or the like is prestressed with its flat rear or underside under pressure on this end face 25 can concern. The measure of leadership, e.g. about the sheet thickness of the socket 6 can be so great that there is only a gap distance between the back of the cover plate 26 and the edge 9. If the end face 25 diverts to the heating plane 21 under the pressure or due to the aging of the edge 8, the edge 9 cannot come into direct contact with the cover plate 26, but the gap distance can at most be reduced to a minimum of e.g. Reduce 1 mm or the like.

The heating plane 21 is set back at a distance from the end face 25 or the cover plate 26. However, the respective heating resistor or separate heating resistors can protrude differently over the floor 7 to the heating side 20, engage at different depths in the supporting body 4, have different bandwidths, different projections and / or different strip thicknesses, thereby creating areas of the heating field with different power densities or different responsiveness of the heating effect and the glowing can.

The projections 28 are expediently included in the corrugation in such a way that the respective projection, at least in the transition to the edge surface 14, over most of its height and up to close to its free end, has the same wave curvatures as the associated remaining section of the flat cross section 11. Since the projection 28 ends at its free end in a sharp or rounded tip 37 or in an end apex, this can be free of such curvatures in some or all of the projections. In the flattened state or as a flat development, the respective projection is expediently approximately triangular in an acute angle, its greatest extent in the longitudinal direction of the resistor 10 being approximately as large as a solid wave of the corrugation or, in contrast, only slightly smaller. As a result, the projection extends here over one or two curvatures 23 and over one or two legs 24. Compared to this extension, the clear distance between successive projections is expediently greater.

As FIG. 3 shows, the corrugation can also have a shape similar to trapezoidal teeth, so that the sections 23, which are approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the resistor 10, are approximately flat and pass into the legs 24 via relatively small radii of curvature. Successively, smaller and larger radii of curvature can alternately be provided, so that the corrugation is in a simple manner in the passage can be made uniform between two gears meshing with symmetrical teeth over the entire length of the resistor.

Of the fastening projections 28, the respective one in view of the heating side 20 can be approximately completely congruent with the rest of the flat cross section 11 of the heating resistor 10 or over its respective side surface at most about 1 or 2 times its material thickness 32 z. B. protrude that it is slightly tilted.

The fastening projection 28 engages completely sunk into the support body 4, which can also be formed in one piece down to the bottom of the socket 6, so that no two superimposed insulating layers are required to form the insulation 3. The edge surface 14 of the resistive flat cross section 11, which is approximately at right angles to the heating plane 21, can at least partially also engage in the support body 4 in a slightly recessed manner. However, the edge surface 14 can also at least partially bear directly on the flat surface of the base 7 or at least partially have a gap distance from this surface.

The projections 28 are distributed approximately uniformly throughout the length of the resistor 10 in the manner of a toothing. Compared to the largest cross-sectional width 31 of the flat cross-section 11, the respective fastening projection 28 expediently has a larger overall width 33, which in turn can be greater than its height 34. This height 34 can be of the order of the cross-sectional width 31 or, on the other hand, can be larger.

5, the fastening projections 28 are a side view through their lateral edge boundaries or outer edges right-angled to acute-angled, so that a corresponding tip 37 is formed at the free end as an insertion tip for insertion into the dry prefabricated or still moist-formable support body 4. Before being pressed in, the resistor 10 can be stretched or shortened elastically at least in sections against its spring force, after which it is pressed into the supporting body 4 in this state. After the release of the length-changing force, the respective longitudinal section springs back and is accordingly in tension on the supporting body 4, so that the resistance against lifting off the floor 7 is then secured very frictionally. The projections 28 are expediently including their tips 37 completely within the support body 4, although the tips could also extend into the insulating body 5.

In Fig. 3, the length of a solid shaft is designated 29 and it can be seen that the width 33 to be measured parallel to this length dimension, on the other hand, is approximately 1/7 smaller. The average distance 35 between successive projections 28 or their tips 37 is greater than half the dimension 29 by a non-integer factor between 4 and 5. As a result, each projection 28 or its tip 27 occupies a different position with respect to the central longitudinal plane 30 of the resistor 10 and likewise essentially each projection 28 has a different shape in cross section according to FIG. B. three to five angularly adjoining leg sections. This results in a very favorable clawing of the resistance in relation to the supporting body 4.

6, the fastening projections 28 are delimited in an arc or approximately semicircular shape. It can be seen here how the edge surface 14 following the foot sections 36 of the projections 28 a gap distance from the free surface of the Bottom 7 may have, this gap distance is significantly smaller than the dimensions 31, 34 or may be in the order of the material thickness of the resistor. The free end of the respective fastening projection 28 can also z. B. exposed in that it engages in a recess or recess of the insulating body 5, possibly without contact.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment with differently shaped fastening projections 28, namely a not part-circle, but approximately part-elliptical projection and with a triangular projection with a rounded tip 37, the round projection 28 on the right in Fig. 7 has a widely used foot portion 36, so that the effective resistance of the flat cross section 11 is correspondingly reduced over its length.

With essentially the same electrical power supply, the longitudinal sections 38 between the projections 28 shine brighter than and / or in front of the shorter longitudinal sections 39 occupied by the projections 28, since at least the root or foot section 36 is at a low height in the conductor cross section through which the current flows included and the electrical resistance value is accordingly reduced here. Since, when the still cool resistor 10 is started up, the longitudinal sections 39 and the support body 4 are not or not significantly heated above room temperature or are at a temperature some 100 ° C. below the operating temperature, they can first of all be relatively high from the longitudinal sections 38 absorb a lot of heat through heat conduction. As a result, the longitudinal sections 38 initially begin to glow in a visible manner approximately in the middle between the longitudinal sections 39, which are adjacent on both sides, and thereby the subsequent ones in the longitudinal direction Zones to be heated until the glow point has spread to a glow line approximately adjacent to the adjacent projections 28.

Then the projections 28 or the longitudinal sections 39 and the zones of the support body 4 lying in their area have reached their operating temperature at which they can practically no longer absorb or dissipate heat from the longitudinal sections 38. Compared to the glow brightness of the longitudinal sections 38, the longitudinal sections 39 appear dark, although they also emit heating radiation in a longer-wave region of the infrared radiation to the thermal output of the radiation heater. The light lines are wavy in the manner described, successive light waves, as described with reference to the wave shape of the projections 28, have different shapes. After the power supply has been switched off in the operating state, the respective longitudinal section 38 cools down substantially uniformly over its entire length, so that it loses its luminosity accordingly uniformly.

As shown in FIG. 3 in particular, the component 10 has a profile 40 of the type described within the width 33 of the support leg 28, which is either only outside the possibly flat support leg 28, namely between the edge surfaces 14, 15, is provided only in the area of the support leg 28 with a substantially flat design between the edge surfaces 14, 15 or both between these edge surfaces 14, 15 and in the area of the support leg 28. If the respective lateral edge delimitation 41 of the support leg 28 is provided with an incision, a recess or the like, the profile 40 of the support leg 28 can deviate from that between the edge surfaces 14, 15.

The support leg 28 forms in longitudinal view through each incision an edge limb or edge strip which has the associated edge limitation 41 and which can be bent transversely to its surface outwards or inwards such that it forms a profile which is wider or narrower than the rest of the profile. Incisions can e.g. be provided in the foot region 36 or in the extension of the edge surface 14 from both lateral edge boundaries 41 over less than half the width 33 and / or at a distance therefrom and at a distance from the end apex 37. Incisions lying opposite one another can be aligned with one another or offset in the direction of the length 34. In any case, the profiling 40 is expediently assigned to the support leg 28 in such a way that its strength, the strength of its connection with the other component 10 and / or the strength of this other component 10 in the region of the cross-sectional width 31 changes, in particular is increased. The respective incision is advantageously made as a waste-free separating or punching cut. After the cut-out parts of the support leg 28 have been bent out, its support flanks 43, 44 in the longitudinal view of the support leg 28 can lie at least partially outside the side surfaces 12, 13 of the remaining component 10. E.g. Both support flanks 43, 44 or the respective edge limitation 41 can be spaced apart from a side surface 12 or 13. In the region of the end apex 37, however, the support flanks 43, 44 are expediently approximately congruent with the side surfaces 12, 13.

The distance between the longitudinal center planes 42 of adjacent support legs 28 can also be substantially the same as the pitch 29 or the length of a solid shaft or a profile unit. Then successive longitudinal center planes 42 coincide with symmetry or center planes of these profile units and each support leg 28 is approximately that same profile 40 assigned. Instead of 1 times the dimension 29, the distance can also be 2, 3 or more times this dimension 29.

According to FIG. 8, the total width or total width 31, 34 of the component 10 is essentially constant over the largest part of its length, or in this area the edge surface facing away from the edge surface 15 is straight. This edge surface is formed by the end apex 37 of a single support leg 28, which in turn forms a continuous edge strip of the component 10. In this edge strip, incisions of the type described can be provided in a division corresponding to the division 29 or 35, which transversely or at right angles from the end apex 37 and in the foot region of the support leg 28 merge into only one or more cross sections, so that they e.g. Are T-shaped. As a result, the profiling of the support leg 28 can in turn be changed compared to that of the remaining area of the component 10.

8 to 11, means 45 are provided for changing the working or heating behavior, by means of which both the mechanical behavior of the component 10 during its shaping, assembly and under thermal changes in length and the resistance of the respective longitudinal section can be influenced or changed . For example, openings 46 or holes of approximately the same size are provided in the support leg 28, which can each be arranged in a grid-like manner in a field 47. Fields 47 which follow one another in the longitudinal direction of the component 10 are each at a distance from one another which is greater than the intermediate distance between openings 46 within the field 47 or at least approximately as large as the extent of a field 47 in the longitudinal direction of the component 10. The openings 46 are in two in the longitudinal direction of the component 10 parallel rows are provided, whereby the row of each field 47 closer to or immediately adjacent to the end apex 37 can have at least one opening less than the row further away. As a result, the respective field 47, which can also be formed by a single opening, is widened to the edge surface 15.

The means 45 can also be formed by the cuts 48, 49 mentioned. If such an incision 48 is provided at a distance approximately in the middle between adjacent fields 47 or in the middle of such a field 47, then it is expediently T-shaped. If the two strips cut free by the incision 48 are bent out to the same side or on opposite sides from the surface of the remaining flat cross section, their electrical line connection is disconnected and the resistance of the component 10 increases in their area. The same also applies if the incision 49 is formed by two parallel transverse incisions starting from the end apex 37 or the edge surface 14, each of which merges into a longitudinal incision approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the component 10, wherein these longitudinal incisions can be directed towards and / or away from one another. 8, the transverse and longitudinal cuts each enforce the limitation of an outermost opening 46 of the associated field 47.

A transverse incision or a T-shaped incision could also originate from the end apex 37 of a support leg 28 designed as a projection. The respective field 47 changes, in particular increases, the electrical resistance of the component 10 in its area, the increase in resistance being able to be adapted by the respective incision 48 such that the resistance in its area is approximately the same as in the area of the field 47, so that contiguous Longitudinal sections 38, 39 shine approximately equally brightly in at least one of the named operating states. The openings 46 or incisions 48, 49 are expediently essentially completely covered by the counter surfaces 19 formed by the recess of the support body 4, so that the material of the support body 4 can engage in the openings 46 or the cut edge surfaces.

According to FIG. 9, the openings 46 are provided in a single row approximately parallel to the edge surfaces 14, 15 and at a distance approximately in the middle between these edge surfaces 14, 15. The support legs 28 themselves are not provided with openings, but openings also lie in those longitudinal sections 39 which have the projections 28. The row with openings 46 having approximately the same spacing extends over most of the length of the component 10 or over its entire length. The slightest changes in the spacing or sizes of the openings 46 make it possible to change the resistance value of the entire component 10 continuously, namely by increasing the spacing or reducing the openings or increasing the spacing and enlarging the openings 46. The projections 28 here are approximately trapezoidal in view of their side surfaces, so that there is a line-shaped apex edge 37 approximately parallel to the edge surface 14, 15, the length of which may be greater or smaller than the dimension 31 or 34, depending on the requirements.

According to FIG. 10, the openings 46 are again provided in line fields 47, which are only in the longitudinal sections 38 and have intermediate distances from one another which correspond to the length of the longitudinal sections 39. In the case of FIG. 9 and 10, the openings 46 lie freely outside the supporting body 4 in the bright-glowing region 31 of the component 10.

The component 10 according to FIG. 11 is designed similarly to that according to FIG. 8, but the support leg 28 has two or more longitudinal rows of openings 46, the openings 46 of one row in the longitudinal direction of the component 10 being approximately half of their intermediate distance from the Breakthroughs in the other longitudinal row are offset. In the case of FIG. 9, these longitudinal rows can run essentially uniformly over the entire length of the component 10. No openings are provided in the area 31, but its resistance value can be changed in the manner described by means of the openings 46, because the area or support leg 28 which has the openings 46 forms a parallel resistance of the area 31 and has a significantly higher resistance value than the area 31 .

According to FIG. 12, the component 10 has a fine profile 50, which is also conceivable without a profile 40 on a component 10 which is curved only with a slight curvature corresponding to its curvature about the central axis of the heating field without permanent deformation and / or approximately linear longitudinal sections has, which merge into one another via oppositely directed curves of curvature. Here the fine profiling 50 is superimposed on the profiling 40, whereby it can be produced simultaneously with the profiling 40 or in front of it. The fine profiling 50 is essentially uniform or wave-shaped, its division 51 being substantially smaller than the corresponding division 29 of the profiling 40. The profile width 53 of the fine profile 50 to be measured transversely to the central plane 30 is also substantially smaller than the corresponding profile width 52 of the profile 40, but is several times greater than the material thickness 32. For example, the profile width 53 with a material thickness 32 between half a tenth and a tenth of a millimeter and a profile width 52 between two and four millimeters can be less than two millimeters and be about half to one millimeter. The same also applies to the fine division 51, which can be approximately the same size as the profile width 53 or, in contrast, up to about half smaller.

13 shows two different fine profiles 50 on the left and right, which can be provided in successive longitudinal sections of a single component or on separate components. The component 10 is provided with successive, opposite folds 54 of the starting material, each of which forms three-layer sections 55, which are connected to one another via a single-layer intermediate section. By enlarging or reducing the extent or the intermediate distances of the multi-layer sections 55, means corresponding to the means 45 result. While at least two or all layers of the section 55 abut one another over the entire surface on the right in FIG. 13, they have fewer on the left in FIG Distances from each other, which, however, are only in the order of magnitude of the material thickness. The fine profiling 50 can only be provided in section 31 or only in section 34 and in both sections 31, 34 of the cross section of the component 10. Breakthroughs according to FIGS. 8 to 11 can also be provided in the fine profiling 50.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, an unheated central zone 56, free of the resistor 10, is provided approximately in the center or symmetrical to the central axis of the heating field, the width of which is less than half or a quarter of the width of the heating field and in which a over the floor to the heating side protruding annular projection 57 made of the insulating material the bottom 7 is provided. The radiator 1 is provided with a temperature limiter 58, the base 59 of which receives the electrical circuits is located on the outside of the radiator 1 or on the edge 9 (not shown in FIG. 14) in such a way that it cannot abut the cover plate 26. A rod-shaped temperature sensor 61 protrudes freely from the base 59, which penetrates the edges 8, 9 in substantially closely matched openings and extends approximately radially to the heating field. The temperature sensor 61 can be formed, for example, from a metal-exposed outer tube and an inner rod therein with different coefficients of thermal expansion, the outer tube being attached essentially rigidly to the base 59, while the inner rod actuates a contact located in the base 59.

The free end of the temperature sensor 61 only extends approximately into the region of the central zone 56 and can cover opposite circumferential regions of the projection 57 or rest against it under slight prestress. In a view of the heating side or heating plane 21, there are no sections of the component 10 in the area of the temperature sensor 61, but this forms an unheated gap 60 in this area, the width of which is at least 2 or 3 times greater than the cross-sectional width of the temperature sensor 61 in this Area is. For this purpose, the resistor 10 forms curvature sections which are curved, concentrically one inside the other, about the central axis of the heating field and which extend over an arc angle of somewhat less than 360 °, but which continuously pass through on the side of the heating field opposite the free end of the temperature sensor 61.

In the area of the gap 60, two immediately adjacent curvature sections merge in one piece via a small curve, so that these Curvatures on at least one side of the temperature sensor 61 form the lateral flank boundaries of the gap 60. On one side, a connection section 16 can be guided approximately parallel to the temperature sensor 61 to the innermost curvature section of the resistor 10 and on this side form the flank of the gap 60, from which the associated curvature arcs are at a distance. As a result, direct reflections of the radiation emanating from the component 10 back to the component 10 are avoided, and the temperature sensor 61 can also be placed closer to the bottom 7. The base 59 is so resiliently attached to the base body 2 or at the bottom of the socket 6 with a support arm that the temperature sensor 61 can perform small evasive movements resiliently at least with respect to parts of the base body 2 with the base 59 transversely to the heating plane.

All described designs, components, units or rooms can only be provided once or in a plurality of two or more, for. B. to be able to switch several power levels. Instead of choosing the average distance 35 in the order of magnitude of 1 to 3 times the associated greatest width of the respective projection 28, this distance can also correspond to at least up to twelve times approximately any integer multiple of this width, depending on which effects are to be achieved .

Claims (16)

Heater (1), in particular for kitchen appliances, characterized in that, in an operating state, it is composed of at least one base body (2) and a plurality of structural segments or components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39), at least two of which are in an at least partially unassembled assembly state of the heater (1) is separated from one another and / or connected to one another to form an assembly. Heater (1), preferably with a heating field (20) provided on at least one base body (2), at least one counter surface (19) provided in the area of the heating field (20) and a plurality of, an assembled operating state, an unassembled assembly state and in each case components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) defining a length extension with components (10, 17, 28), namely at least one structure (10), a support device (17) and at least one support leg (28) and alternating successive, by at least one of the components (10, 17, 28) formed first and second longitudinal sections (38, 39), at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) on both sides of middle leg planes (30) in a flat-shaped area facing away from each other larger side surfaces (12, 13, 43, 44) and an edge delimitation (37, 41) with lateral edge surfaces (41) adjoining lateral edge planes and with an essentially extreme apex end (37) in the operating state at the end of a linear longitudinal extension (34) which defines a longitudinal direction of the leg and is transverse to the longitudinal extension , wherein at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) has operational sectional configurations, in at least one longitudinal section parallel to the longitudinal direction of the leg and at least in a cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the leg, and in at least one of these sectional configurations between the side surfaces (12, 13, 43, 44) determines a material thickness (32), furthermore at least ns one of the side surfaces (12, 13, 43, 44) has a support flank (43, 44) which extends only over part of the length of at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) for supporting at least one of the components ( 10, 17, 28, 38, 39) opposite at least one counter surface (19) in a support zone which is at least at a distance from the edge boundary (37, 41) corresponding to the material thickness (32), and at least one of the components ( 10, 17, 28, 38, 39) is produced from a starting material which has starting cross-sections, an starting thickness and an starting length which differs substantially from the length, in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that in the assembled state at least one support flank (43, 44 ) or the like. At least one prefabricated profile (40, 50) or the like is assigned, which at least partly lies along the longitudinal direction of the legs between the edge planes and forms profile sections or the like, and that in particular in at least one of the sectional configurations at least one profile section lies approximately between the edge planes transversely to at least one of the leg planes (30). Heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one profile (40, 50) means for changing the strength, such as to increase the buckling stiffness, at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) against pressure loads parallel to Longitudinal direction, support flanks (43, 44) for supporting the support section (17) over a large area at a distance from the end apex (37) or from the edge boundary (41), a guide profile for non-positive engagement and for displaceably guiding at least one of the components (10, 17 , 28, 38, 39) on at least one counter surface (19), a cut configuration that differs from the initial cross-section, a curved profile formed by permanent and non-resilient deformation of the initial material, a resiliently stretchable compensation profile for stresses, a material thickness that is essentially the same as the initial thickness ( 32) over most of its extent, a thermal Coupling profile, a stiffening of at least one component (10, 17, 28, 38, 39), a continuation of a profile deformation of substantially the entire initial cross section of at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39), an electrically resistive section of at least one Component (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) or the like. Forms that in particular at least one profile (40, 50) in the assembled state is essentially rigid or rigid with at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) and / or that at least one profiling (40, 50) is provided in at least one cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the leg, that in particular the side surface (12, 13, 43, 44) in the region of the profiling ( 40, 50) and in at least one longitudinal section parallel to the longitudinal direction of the leg essentially starting from the end apex (37) is approximately rectilinear and that preferably the side surface (12, 13, 43, 44) in the region of the edge delimitation (41) at an angle obliquely to the leg plane (30), which connects flank sections of the edge limitation (41) that are turned away from one another or in the longitudinal direction of the structure (10) one behind the other, preferably at least one side surface (12, 13, 43, 44) in at least one of the sectional configurations in the essentially continuously and / or gradation-free essentially over the entire extent parallel to the cutting plane of this cutting configuration g passes through at least one of the components (10, 12, 28, 38, 39). Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) at least partially forms at least one elongated resistor, such as a radiation heating resistor, that in particular at least one profile (40, 50) with at least one of the components ( 10, 17, 28, 38, 39) forms a prefabricated assembly unit or is formed in one piece with the component (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) and that preferably at least one support leg (28) forms a projection and its edge limitation (41 ) to an edge (14) of the structure (10) which is longer than it and / or that the respective support leg (28) has at least part of its longitudinal extension (34) in at least one cut configuration at an angle to each other leg sections (24), that in particular the respective support leg (28) in cross-section at least in the transition to the associated longitudinal side (14) of the structure (10) has leg sections (24) lying at an angle to one another or at least one curvature (23), and that preferably the respective support leg (28) or at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) is formed by a flat cross section or a flat material strip or the initial cross sections or at least one operational cut configuration is elongated, flat and essentially rectangular. Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least one profiling (40, 50) or the respective supporting leg (28) has cross sections over most of the leg longitudinal extension (34), the extension of which in two mutually perpendicular directions is greater than the material thickness (32) of the starting material is that in particular the profile (40, 50) essentially over the entire longitudinal extent (34) of at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) in cross-section at least one curvature (23) of at least one side surface (43, 44 ) and that in particular at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the structure (10) extensible or the respective support leg (28) is curved in a channel shape and / or that the longitudinal extent (34) of the respective support leg (28) is greater than the remaining height (31) of the structure (10), that preferably the respective support leg (28) its free end is tapered in width (33) or, with the end apex (37), forms a plug-in tip or plug-in edge protruding transversely to the operating length extension, that in particular adjacent support legs (28) have an average spacing (35) from one another that is approximately 2 - Up to 4 times greater than the greatest width (33) of the respective support leg (28) or that the respective support leg (28) in view parallel to the longitudinal direction of the leg substantially within the outer limits (12, 13) of the associated longitudinal section (38) of Building body (10) is provided, in particular at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) against lifting movements exclusively by frictional engagement at least one support flank (43, 44) is secured. Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least one structure (10) on either side of a support leg (28) in the same section of its longitudinal extension (34), or between adjacent support legs (28), each has a longitudinal edge surface (14) which is continuous and continuously gradual across the longitudinal direction of the leg that in particular essentially all of the edge surfaces (14) lying between the support legs (28) lie approximately in one plane when the structure (10) is relaxed and that the respective support leg (28) is preferably in a flat form that has been converted into a flat development, has continuously graded side edge surfaces (41) or that all the support legs (28) are of essentially the same shape in their developed form and / or that at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38) along a longitudinal center line (30) at a distance from each other individual legs (28) which have different shapes and with a straight, stress-free longitudinal orientation of the component (10, 17, 28, 39) different from the longitudinal center line (30) Alignments have that in particular free ends (37) of support legs (28) lie in different planes and that, preferably in view parallel to the longitudinal direction of the legs, support legs (28) or longitudinal sections (38, 39) are curved differently and / or in opposite directions, in particular in the linear alignment of the length of at least one component (10, 28, 3 8, 39) is smaller than the associated output length. Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the respective individual leg (28) has essentially the same shape and size as a section between adjacent individual legs (28), in particular that a support leg (28) passes continuously over a length of the structural body (10) which is larger than the one - Up to multiple of the leg length (34) is that preferably a support leg (28) goes through more than a quarter of the length to almost the entire length of the structure (10) or that means (45) for changing the electrical Resistance of at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39), such as material folds of the starting material, openings (46) or the like distributed in a grid-like manner, of which at least one is delimited over the circumference by the support leg (28) and / or that at least one individual leg (28) forms a resistance-active area only with part of its leg length (34), that in particular the respective support leg (28) of several in a grid-like manner in the leg longitudinal direction or in the transverse longitudinal direction of the component (10) is distributed through openings (46) and that preferably closely provided with openings (46) fields (47) are provided in the longitudinal direction of the component (10) at a distance from each other. Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least one profiling is designed as a fine profiling (50) with similar profile units which are connected to one another over pitch spacings (51) of at most 20 to 4 times the material thickness (32) or less than 3 to 0.4 mm, in particular the fine profiling (50) is superimposed on a coarser profiling (40) with a division (29) that is several times larger than the division spacings (51) and that preferably the fine profiling (50) is at least partially essentially uniform, undulating or at least partially scale-like with approximately adjacent profile legs and / or that at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) determines a position plane (21) and at least one longitudinal section (38, 39) in view the position plane (21) is curved, that in particular at least one longitudinal section (38, 39) has sections (23, 24) lying at an angle to one another and that preferably leg sections (24) of at least one longitudinal section (38, 39) of the structure (10) in acute angles diverge from one another or that the respective longitudinal section (38, 39) in view of the position plane (21) takes up an at least partially curved band width (52, 53) and its length parallel to the position plane is many times greater than this band width. Heater, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one component (10) has means (17) for essentially form-fitting mounting as well as grid-like alternating successive first and second longitudinal sections (38, 39) which are resistant to operation, each in Operating states, namely between the start of power consumption in a heating phase until reaching a continuous operating power, in this continuous operating power and in a cooling phase after switching off the operating power, have specific performance characteristics, namely electrically effective resistance values, resistance-effective cross sections, thermal storage capacities and operating temperatures and that at least one of the performance characteristics of adjoining resistance-active longitudinal sections (38, 39) differs from one another in at least one of the operating states, in particular along a continuous line union line (30) successively in a grid pattern first and second longitudinal sections (38, 39) offset from one another transversely to the connecting line (30), and preferably second longitudinal sections (39) are provided with at least one support leg (28) and / or first longitudinal sections (38) lie between support legs (28). Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one first longitudinal section (38) is approximately the same length as or longer than at least one second longitudinal section (39), that in particular at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) Forms lengthwise areas lying next to each other in a field, which are longer than the grid areas formed by longitudinal sections (38, 39) of different performance characteristics, and that preferably at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) in the area of longitudinal sections ( 38, 39) is curved oppositely to the exclusion of a helical pitch or the respective longitudinal section (38, 39) has at least one curvature (23) or essentially over one or more solid shafts (29) of the component (10, 17, 28, 38 , 39) is sufficient and / or that at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) in the region of the longitudinal sections (38, 39) is pre-curved in a wave-like manner and in particular is especially provided with a corrugation which is corrugated transversely to a larger cross-sectional extent (34) of the starting material of the component (10, 17, 28, 38, 39). Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the structure (10) in the area of at least one longitudinal section (38, 39) Has flat cross sections, in particular is made from a flat strip and has in cross section two approximately parallel side surfaces (12, 13) and two edge surfaces (14, 15 and 37) connecting them, at least one of which is a longitudinal edge surface (15, 37) in passes essentially continuously in one plane or one of which is designed in the manner of a toothing, that the respective second longitudinal section (39) preferably has a larger cross-sectional extension in only one cross-sectional direction than the respective first longitudinal section (38) or that the component (10) transversely to its position plane (21) has at least as large to larger cross-sections than is arranged in a longitudinal section parallel to this position plane (21) or standing together with the plate-shaped support leg (28), in particular at least one of the components (10, 17, 28 , 38, 39) between the edge surfaces (41) in at least one planar sectional configuration over its height d has full cross-sections throughout. Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) is at least partially exposed on at least one support (4) of a base body (2) and by means of longitudinal sections (39) distributed over its length with the support (4) is thermally coupled, that in particular at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) is formed in one piece between length ends (16) and first and second longitudinal sections (38, 39) are spaced from associated end sections (16) have and that preferably Support legs (28) are provided to form the second longitudinal sections (38, 39) and / or that at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) is fixed over its length and directly fixed to at least one support (4), that in particular at least one support leg (28) in the area of longitudinal sections (39) is pressed successively into the carrier (4) at a distance, which has a higher pressure elasticity than the pressed-in support leg (28) and that preferably at least one of the components (10, 17th , 28, 38, 39) has support sections (28) distributed over its length, which are applied to tilt positions transverse to the length direction of the component (10) or resiliently loaded in this length direction against the counter surface (19) formed by insulation (3) , In the operating or assembly state at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) inherently stiff against bending loads transverse to the heating field (20) than parallel to the heating field (20) i st, the carrier (4) is resiliently elastic and unsinterable under all operating temperatures and / or at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) forms a molding tool for essentially completely producing a recess which is closely matched to it and which in is essentially in one piece or completely delimited by the counter surface (19) on at least one flank or on the recess bottom. Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least one longitudinal section (38, 39) glows in the visible radiation range at operating temperature and a line of light that increasingly expands in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal section (38, 39) during a heating phase, in particular that at least one at operating temperature in the visible radiation region, the longitudinal section (38, 39) glowing in the heating phase changes from a point-shaped luminaire in its center in opposite directions to possibly curved linear luminaires and that preferably at least one first longitudinal section (38) glowing in the visible radiation region at operating temperature at the start of power consumption in front of at least one second longitudinal section and / or that at least one first longitudinal section (38) having a higher operating temperature at operating power connects to at least one second longitudinal section (39) lower operating temperature, that in particular at least one longitudinal section (39) having a lower operating temperature at operating power connects two longitudinal sections (38) of higher operating temperature and that preferably along a continuous line (30) first and second longitudinal sections (38, 39) successively in a grid pattern At least one of the operating states has alternating operating temperatures, operating brightnesses or the like in a grid-like manner, in particular means for reducing the current flow through the longitudinal section of at least one support leg (28) compared to the remaining cross section of the structure (10), which forms an essentially flat continuation, and / or control means are provided, by means of which at least one first longitudinal section (38) lights up in front of a second longitudinal section (39) in the heating phase. Heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance of the support area from the edge delimitation (37, 41) corresponds to a multiple of the material thickness (32) and the multiple includes every integer multiplier between 20 and 80, so that in particular at least one support flank (43, 44) with its total surface extension is in full contact with the counter surface (19) and that the material thickness (32) is preferably between at most 0.1 mm and a twentieth to fiftieth part of the longitudinal extent (34) of the support leg (28) and / or that at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) is distributed substantially uniformly over the heating field (20) or the resistor, and that in particular the counter surface (19) has at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) over most of its length, essentially free from movement in a form-locking manner in essentially all directions parallel to the heating field (20) and / or against tilting movements in essentially all directions, the directions being indicated by opposite directions approximately parallel to the length extension and / or transverse to the length extension at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) are defined. Heater according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that a temperature sensor (61) is provided essentially in an unheated area (60), that in particular at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) has a view approximately parallel to the position plane (21) thereof rod-shaped temperature sensor (61) lying heating-free narrow gap (60) and that preferably the temperature sensor (61) only over part of the width of the field occupied by at least one of the components (10, 17, 28, 38, 39) enough to form a heated area in the extension of the unheated area (60) and / or outside the temperature sensor (61). Method for adjusting the resistance value of a heater, in particular a heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one longitudinal section (38, 39) having resistance-active cross sections between ends of at least one elongate component (10, 17, 28) of a resistor Actual value is approximated to a desired resistance value, characterized in that the actual resistance value of at least one longitudinal section (38, 39) of the component (10) is detected, then compared with the desired resistance value and then by changing the active cross sections between the ends (16 ) and essentially without changing the length of the longitudinal section, the longitudinal section in particular being provided with openings (46), multi-layer partial sections (55) or the like and / or after adjustment by permanent deformation in at least one of the profiles (40, 50 ) is transferred.

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