EP0607562A1 - Radio alarm system with asynchronous transmission of messages on time channels of differing periods - Google Patents

Radio alarm system with asynchronous transmission of messages on time channels of differing periods Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0607562A1
EP0607562A1 EP93119950A EP93119950A EP0607562A1 EP 0607562 A1 EP0607562 A1 EP 0607562A1 EP 93119950 A EP93119950 A EP 93119950A EP 93119950 A EP93119950 A EP 93119950A EP 0607562 A1 EP0607562 A1 EP 0607562A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detectors
transmission
radio
alarm system
central unit
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EP93119950A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst Grundig E.M.V. Elsinger
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Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
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Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/007Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio alarm system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Modern alarm systems usually consist of a central unit (including power supply), switching devices for arming / disarming, automatic intrusion detectors, manually operated hold-up alarms, transmission devices and / or local alarm devices and a network.
  • the detectors used range from simple bolt or magnetic contacts to ultrasonic detectors of various types. Regardless of their mode of action, one can divide the detectors into three groups: detectors for outdoor surveillance, detectors for outer skin surveillance and detectors for indoor and property surveillance.
  • the automatic intrusion detectors are connected to the control center in series via so-called alarm lines and work according to the closed-circuit principle. A certain quiescent current flows through all detectors. If the current is interrupted by the triggering of a detector, an alarm message is issued. The alarm is also triggered if the detection line is destroyed or short-circuited at any point.
  • Various components such as switching devices, local alarm devices, etc. are additionally protected via a so-called sabotage line, i.e. an alarm is triggered if these components are opened or damaged.
  • the known radio alarm system consists of a central unit with a receiver unit for receiving radio signals from detectors in the form of data telegrams.
  • the receiver units are designed so that only data telegrams from detectors belonging to the radio alarm system are processed in order to trigger an alarm or a function.
  • each detector of the radio alarm system sends out at least two radio signals of different carrier frequencies, which are coded the same or different (in the sense of an identifier).
  • the central unit with its receiver unit receives at least two different radio signals from each detector and checks the affiliation of the detectors emitting the radio signals by checking the validity of the coding (identifier).
  • the radio signals emitted by the individual detectors are subjected to a field strength check in an evaluation unit, which further increases the interference immunity can be.
  • the message channels are formed using the frequency division multiplex method in this radio alarm system.
  • a radio transmission method for an alarm system is known from EP-A1-0 293 627, in which the same radio frequency is used to transmit information between a central unit and the components of the alarm system.
  • the individual message channels are formed using a time division multiplex method. These message channels are cyclical, i.e. queried sequentially in time in the central unit whether a message is transmitted via the respective time channel.
  • a polling cycle is only carried out in the radio transmission method according to EP-A1-0 293 627 if it has been found in a previous, much shorter total poll, in which all components are polled at the same time, that Information has arisen for at least one component (eg a detector).
  • the entire bandwidth of a single radio channel is available to each device, which, however, may only be used by the device for short periods of time.
  • the characters or character strings of different devices are interleaved and are transmitted at a correspondingly higher bit rate in the single radio channel, the time channel (message channel) assigned to each device being repeated periodically with the frame period.
  • the total bandwidth available for message transmission is divided into narrow frequency bands, each of which corresponds to a message transmission channel. Such a narrow frequency band is available to each device for the duration of the radio transmission.
  • frequency-division multiplex or time-division multiplex methods are used in radio alarm systems for message transmission, but applications of the code multiplex method are not known.
  • code division multiplexing the various messages carried over the common transmission medium (e.g. radio link) are modulated onto a carrier by basic modulation and the resulting narrow-band signal compared to the channel bandwidth is converted to the channel bandwidth by multiplex modulation with the aid of a code word characterizing the receiver spectrally spread.
  • a code generator is arranged in the transmitting devices of the radio stations, which generates a code identifying the transmitting device.
  • the invention has for its object to make the formation of message channels in a radio alarm system in such a way that the possibility of direct manipulation from the outside is reliably prevented and nevertheless an inexpensive implementation for the devices connected to the central unit is achieved.
  • the radio alarm system according to the invention has the advantage that no effort is required for time slot synchronization, as is essential for a TDMA system (Time Division Multiple Access). Only this makes it possible to design the predominantly numerical connections between detectors and central unit as unidirectional routes.
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • the cost-effective implementation results from the fact that only one transmitter is required in the detectors.
  • the high receiver effort arises only in the (few) central unit (s); there at least the power supply is not a problem.
  • the messages have to be repeated at sufficiently small time intervals since they are listened to asynchronously by the receiver.
  • the association of property insurers is currently stipulating a data telegram exchange every 10 seconds. If one assumes that there are no disturbances during the majority of the time and thus the average time between two data telegrams is about 25 seconds, the energy consumption can be reduced by the Reduce security queries by a factor of 2.5 without having to accept any restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.
  • the design of the radio alarm system according to claim 2 has the advantage that a blockage of the radio channel with high probability is a sabotage and not a "natural" event (e.g. co-users of the frequency band).
  • the detectors and the radio link detectors to the central unit are monitored by cyclical messages.
  • Transmission pauses could possibly be made in the case of routine reports if the interference field strength of the radio channel is monitored by the central unit.
  • a transmission block between two pauses must be longer than the longest observation time T k .
  • each data telegram comprises successive blocks with code words of the same length. If a signal is received outside of the given code words or time intervals, this is a first indication of sabotage.
  • the embodiment of the radio alarm system according to claim 4 requires a small Circuit effort without having to accept restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.
  • the block diagram of Fig. 1 shows a radio alarm system with asynchronous transmission of messages via time channels of different periods.
  • a multiplicity of message channels for transmitting messages in the form of data telegrams between detectors M 1... Mn, in particular glass break detectors, infrared detectors, capacitive detectors, structure-borne sound detectors, opening detectors, microwave detectors, ultrasound detectors etc., between switching devices S, in particular block lock, time-controlled switching devices and electronic switching devices, and between control units ST, in particular automatic dialing devices for alarm devices, in particular sirens and flash lamps or the like. and a microprocessor-controlled central unit ZE are formed. In the transmission direction from the detectors M to the central unit ZE, the formation of the message channels takes place through different period duration of the message repetition T Mi which is characteristic of the individual detectors M. At least one radio channel is available for the transmission of the data telegrams.
  • the time difference between the individual period durations T Mi is greater than / equal to the transmission duration T T of the longest data telegram.
  • Each data telegram comprises successive blocks with code words of the same length to identify the respective detector M and to transmit the actual information.
  • L 200 message channels are formed.
  • the radio alarm system is operated in a frequency range of two to three GHz. With a transmission power of approx. 10 mW, the range (radio link) is approx. 30 m in the building and approx. 100 m in the free field.
  • a data telegram exchange is initiated, for example every 20 - 30 seconds.
  • interference mode ie when an interference field strength is detected, the data telegram is exchanged, for example, every 4 - 5 seconds, as is proposed in an unpublished application with the official file number P 42 39 702.2.
  • the system delay T s from the response of a detector M to the triggering of the alarm (as well as for sabotage detection) is 10 s.
  • T s The system delay T s from the response of a detector M to the triggering of the alarm (as well as for sabotage detection) is 10 s.
  • T s With a net data volume of 32 bits (4 bytes per telegram) and a number of 224 (16 million) different encodings, less than one false alarm can be expected in 100 years.
  • This high level of transmission security more than fulfills the demands placed on operational security by the association of property insurers.
  • the central unit ZE has a memory SP connected to the microprocessor MP, in which the required system query time T K and / or different periods of the repetition of the message are stored.
  • An adjustable divider T connected to a clock source TQ is arranged in the detector M, the division ratio of which can be remotely controlled or manually adjusted according to the assigned period T Mi.
  • central units sirens, telephone dialing devices etc. are connected to the central unit ZE via bidirectional radio transmission channels; i.e. these transmissions are additionally secured by returning an acknowledgment.
  • connection sequence in the radio alarm system according to the invention with asynchronous transmission of messages via time channels of different period duration T Mi is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the receiver ie the central unit (or the switching device, control elements), observes the radio transmission channel during the period T K and evaluates all of them incoming telegrams according to their sender number. After T K has expired, at least one undisturbed telegram must have arrived from each transmitter.
  • T T 1 ms
  • T M200 max ⁇ T Wed ⁇ follows
  • T M1 4799.5 ms
  • S T of the transmission bursts is approximately 1: 5000, which means considerable energy savings in the detector.

Abstract

Radio alarm systems are known which have a multiplicity of communication channels (traffic channels) for the transmission of messages between glass break detector, opening detector, and the like and a microprocessor-controlled central unit. The individual communication channels are in this case formed according to the time-division multiplex system or by using the frequency-division multiplex system. So that the possibility of direct manipulation from outside is reliably prevented and the interference immunity is increased, the communication channels are formed, in the direction of transmission from the detectors (sensors) to the central unit, by different cycle durations, characteristic for the individual detectors, of message repetition. Preferably, the difference between the different cycle durations is larger than, equal to the duration of transmission for a message. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkalarmanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a radio alarm system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Die Security- (Sicherheits-) Electronic hat sich zu einer wertvollen Hilfe entwickelt, um Brand, Raub, Diebstahl, Einbruch, Überfall und Entführung sofort zu melden. Im wesentlichen haben die verschiedenen Komponenten einer Alarmanlage folgende Aufgaben zu erfüllen: Erkennen, Auswerten, Alarmieren.

  • a) Das Erkennen eines Einbruchsvorgangs erfolgt mit automatischen Detektoren (Meldern), die je nach Anwendungszweck nach verschiedenen Prinzipien arbeiten,
  • b) die Auswertung der Meldungen geschieht in einer Zentraleinheit, abhängig von unterschiedlichen Zustandsbedingungen,
  • c) die Alarmierung erfolgt entweder durch Weiterleitung des Alarms, etwa zu einer Polizeidienststelle oder in Form eines örtlichen Alarms durch Aktivieren von Alarmgebern wie Sirenen, Alarm-Blitzleuchten oder dgl..
The Security- (Sicherheit-) Electronic has developed into a valuable aid to immediately report fire, robbery, theft, burglary, robbery and kidnapping. The various components of an alarm system essentially have to perform the following tasks: detection, evaluation, alarming.
  • a) The detection of a break-in process takes place with automatic detectors (detectors), which work according to different principles depending on the application,
  • b) the evaluation of the messages takes place in a central unit, depending on different status conditions,
  • c) the alarm is given either by forwarding the alarm, for example to a police station, or in the form of a local alarm by activating alarm devices such as sirens, alarm flashing lights or the like.

Moderne Alarmanlagen bestehen in der Regel aus einer Zentraleinheit (einschließlich Stromversorgung), Schalteinrichtungen zum Scharf-/Unscharfschalten, automatischen Einbruchmeldern, manuell betätigbaren Überfallmeldern, Übertragungseinrichtungen und/oder örtlichen Alarmgebern und einem Leitungsnetz.Modern alarm systems usually consist of a central unit (including power supply), switching devices for arming / disarming, automatic intrusion detectors, manually operated hold-up alarms, transmission devices and / or local alarm devices and a network.

Als Melder werden je nach zu schützendem Objekt und Aufwand vom einfachen Riegel- oder Magnetkontakt bis hin zu Ultraschallmeldern der verschiedensten Varianten eingesetzt. Unabhängig von ihrer Wirkungsweise kann man die Melder in drei Gruppen einteilen: Melder für Freigeländeüberwachung, Melder für Außenhautüberwachung und Melder für Innenraum und Objektüberwachung.Depending on the object to be protected and the effort involved, the detectors used range from simple bolt or magnetic contacts to ultrasonic detectors of various types. Regardless of their mode of action, one can divide the detectors into three groups: detectors for outdoor surveillance, detectors for outer skin surveillance and detectors for indoor and property surveillance.

Bei herkömmlichen Alarmanlagen sind die automatischen Einbruchmelder über sogenannte Meldelinien mit der Zentrale in Reihenschaltung verbunden und arbeiten nach dem Ruhestromprinzip. Durch alle Melder fließt ständig ein bestimmter Ruhestrom. Wird durch die Auslösung eines Melders der Strom unterbrochen, so erfolgt Alarmmeldung. Alarm wird ebenfalls ausgelöst bei Zerstörung oder Kurzschluß der Meldelinie an einer beliebigen Stelle.In conventional alarm systems, the automatic intrusion detectors are connected to the control center in series via so-called alarm lines and work according to the closed-circuit principle. A certain quiescent current flows through all detectors. If the current is interrupted by the triggering of a detector, an alarm message is issued. The alarm is also triggered if the detection line is destroyed or short-circuited at any point.

Verschiedene Komponenten, wie beispielsweise Schalteinrichtungen, örtliche Alarmgeber usw. werden zusätzlich über eine sogenannte Sabotagelinie geschützt, d.h. es wird Alarm ausgelöst, wenn diese Komponenten geöffnet oder beschädigt werden.Various components, such as switching devices, local alarm devices, etc. are additionally protected via a so-called sabotage line, i.e. an alarm is triggered if these components are opened or damaged.

Damit erfüllen herkömmliche leitungsgebundene Alarmanlagen die hohen Anforderungen vom Verband der Sachversicherer in Bezug auf die Störsicherheit. Bei Verwendung von Lichtwellenleiter sind die Vorteile: hohe Störsicherheit gegen elektromagnetische Wellen, hohe Übertragungskapazität und galvanische Trennung von Sender und Empfänger. Nachteilig ist jedoch der hohe Aufwand für die Verlegung des Leitungsnetzes, insbesondere wenn dies nachträglich erfolgt.Conventional wired alarm systems thus meet the high requirements of the association of property insurers with regard to interference immunity. The advantages of using optical fibers are: high immunity to electromagnetic waves, high transmission capacity and galvanic isolation of the transmitter and receiver. However, it is disadvantageous that there is a great deal of effort involved in laying the line network, particularly if this is done subsequently.

Aus der DE-OS 40 35 070 ist eine Funkalarmanlage bekannt, welche eine hinreichende Sicherung gegen eine Störung durch Blockierung der Funkstrecken sowie gegen eine Manipulation von Außen bietet. Die daraus bekannte Funkalarmanlage besteht aus einer Zentraleinheit mit einer Empfängereinheit zum Empfangen von Funksignalen von Meldern in Form von Datentelegrammen. Die Empfängereinheiten sind so ausgelegt, daß nur Datentelegramme von zu der Funkalarmanlage gehörige Meldern verarbeitet werden, um einen Alarm oder eine Funktion auszulösen. Insbesondere um eine Manipulation von außen mit einem anlagegleichen Funksender zu verhindern, sendet jeder Melder der Funkalarmanlage wenigstens zwei Funksignale unterschiedlicher Trägerfrequenz aus, die gleich oder unterschiedlich codiert (im Sinne einer Kennung) sind. Dementsprechend empfängt die Zentraleinheit mit ihrer Empfängereinheit mindestens zwei verschiedene Funksignale von jedem Melder und überprüft die Zugehörigkeit der die Funksignale abgebenden Melder durch Überprüfung der Gültigkeit der Codierung (Kennung).From DE-OS 40 35 070 a radio alarm system is known, which offers adequate protection against interference by blocking the radio links and against manipulation from outside. The known radio alarm system consists of a central unit with a receiver unit for receiving radio signals from detectors in the form of data telegrams. The receiver units are designed so that only data telegrams from detectors belonging to the radio alarm system are processed in order to trigger an alarm or a function. In particular, in order to prevent manipulation from the outside with a radio transmitter of the same system, each detector of the radio alarm system sends out at least two radio signals of different carrier frequencies, which are coded the same or different (in the sense of an identifier). Accordingly, the central unit with its receiver unit receives at least two different radio signals from each detector and checks the affiliation of the detectors emitting the radio signals by checking the validity of the coding (identifier).

Außerdem wird bei der aus der DE-OS 40 35 070 bekannten Funkalarmanlage vorgeschlagen, daß die von den einzelnen Meldern abgestrahlten Funksignale in einer Auswerteeinheit einer Feldstärkenüberprüfung unterzogen werden, wodurch die Störsicherheit noch weiter erhöht werden kann. Zur Erfüllung der VdS-Richtlinien werden bei dieser Funkalarmanlage die Nachrichtenkanäle unter Anwendung des Frequenzmultiplexverfahrens gebildet.In addition, it is proposed in the radio alarm system known from DE-OS 40 35 070 that the radio signals emitted by the individual detectors are subjected to a field strength check in an evaluation unit, which further increases the interference immunity can be. In order to meet the VdS guidelines, the message channels are formed using the frequency division multiplex method in this radio alarm system.

Weiterhin ist aus der EP-A1-0 293 627 ein Funkübertragungsverfahren für eine Alarmanlage bekannt, bei dem zur Übermittlung von Informationen zwischen einer Zentraleinheit und den Komponenten der Alarmanlage jeweils dieselbe Funkfrequenz verwendet wird. Die einzelnen Nachrichtenkanäle werden dabei nach einem Zeitmultiplexverfahren gebildet. Diese Nachrichtenkanäle werden zyklisch, d.h. zeitlich getrennt nacheinander in der Zentraleinheit abgefragt, ob über den jeweiligen Zeitkanal eine Nachrichtenübertragung erfolgt. Um nun nutzlose und zeitraubende Abfragezyklen zu vermeiden, wird beim Funkübertragungsverfahren gemäß der EP-A1-0 293 627 ein Abfragezyklus nur dann durchlaufen, wenn in einer vorangegangen, sehr viel kürzeren Summenabfrage, bei der alle Komponenten gleichzeitig abgefragt werden, festgestellt worden ist, daß bei wenigstens einer Komponente (z.B. einem Melder) eine Information angefallen ist.Furthermore, a radio transmission method for an alarm system is known from EP-A1-0 293 627, in which the same radio frequency is used to transmit information between a central unit and the components of the alarm system. The individual message channels are formed using a time division multiplex method. These message channels are cyclical, i.e. queried sequentially in time in the central unit whether a message is transmitted via the respective time channel. In order to avoid useless and time-consuming polling cycles, a polling cycle is only carried out in the radio transmission method according to EP-A1-0 293 627 if it has been found in a previous, much shorter total poll, in which all components are polled at the same time, that Information has arisen for at least one component (eg a detector).

Schließlich ist aus der EP-A1-0 316 853 eine Funkalarmanlage bekannt, bei der zur Sicherung gegen Sabotage zusätzliche Impulse, sogenannte Pseudoimpulse, übertragen werden. Das zeitrichtige Eintreffen der Zusatzimpulse wird in der Zentraleinheit erkannt und entsprechend gewertet.Finally, a radio alarm system is known from EP-A1-0 316 853, in which additional impulses, so-called pseudo impulses, are transmitted to protect against sabotage. The timely arrival of the additional pulses is recognized in the central unit and evaluated accordingly.

Prinzipiell sind zur Nachrichtenübertragung über ein von einer Vielzahl von Einrichtungen gemeinsam benutztes Übertragungsmedium (z.B. Leitung, Funkstrecke) drei Grundverfahren bekannt, nämlich das Zeitmultiplex-Verfahren, das Frequenzmultiplex-Verfahren und das Codemultiplex-Verfahren.In principle, three basic methods are known for the transmission of messages via a transmission medium (e.g. line, radio link) used jointly by a large number of devices, namely the time division multiplex method, the frequency division multiplex method and the code multiplex method.

Beim Zeitmultiplex-Verfahren steht jeder Einrichtung die gesamte Bandbreite eines einzigen Funkkanals zur Verfügung, welches von der Einrichtung aber nur für kurze Zeitabschnitte benutzt werden darf. Die Zeichen oder Zeichenfolgen verschiedener Einrichtungen sind ineinander verschachtelt und werden mit entsprechend höherer Bitrate im einzigen Funkkanal übertragen, wobei der jeweils einer Einrichtung zugeordnete Zeitkanal (Nachrichtenkanal) sich periodisch mit der Rahmenperiodendauer wiederholt.In the time-division multiplex method, the entire bandwidth of a single radio channel is available to each device, which, however, may only be used by the device for short periods of time. The characters or character strings of different devices are interleaved and are transmitted at a correspondingly higher bit rate in the single radio channel, the time channel (message channel) assigned to each device being repeated periodically with the frame period.

Beim Frequenzmultiplex-Verfahren wird die zur Nachrichtenübertragung zur Verfügung stehende Gesamtbandbreite in schmale Frequenzbänder unterteilt, welche jeweils einem Nachrichtenübertragungskanal entsprechen. Für die Dauer der Funkübertragung steht jeder Einrichtung ein solches schmales Frequenzband zur Verfügung. In der Praxis werden bei Funkalarmanlagen zwar zur Nachrichtenübertragung Frequenzmultiplex- oder Zeitmultiplex-Verfahren eingesetzt, jedoch sind Anwendungen des Codemultiplex-Verfahrens nicht bekannt.In the frequency division multiplex method, the total bandwidth available for message transmission is divided into narrow frequency bands, each of which corresponds to a message transmission channel. Such a narrow frequency band is available to each device for the duration of the radio transmission. In practice, frequency-division multiplex or time-division multiplex methods are used in radio alarm systems for message transmission, but applications of the code multiplex method are not known.

Anwendungen des Codemultiplex-Verfahrens sind bei Autotelefonsystemen bekannt (s.a. EP-A2-0 241 954 oder EP-A2-0 211 460). Beim Codemultiplex-Verfahren werden die verschiedenen, über das gemeinsame Übertragungsmedium (z.B. Funkstrecke) geführten Nachrichten durch Basis-Modulation einem Träger aufmoduliert und das sich ergebende im Vergleich zur Kanalbandbreite schmalbandige Signal wird durch Multiplex-Modulation mit Hilfe eines den Empfänger kennzeichnenden Codeworts auf die Kanalbandbreite spektral gespreizt. In den Sendeeinrichtungen der Funkstationen ist ein Codegenerator angeordnet, welcher ein die Sendeeinrichtung kennzeichnenden Code erzeugt.Applications of the code division multiplex method are known in car telephone systems (see also EP-A2-0 241 954 or EP-A2-0 211 460). In the case of code multiplexing, the various messages carried over the common transmission medium (e.g. radio link) are modulated onto a carrier by basic modulation and the resulting narrow-band signal compared to the channel bandwidth is converted to the channel bandwidth by multiplex modulation with the aid of a code word characterizing the receiver spectrally spread. A code generator is arranged in the transmitting devices of the radio stations, which generates a code identifying the transmitting device.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, in einer Funkalarmanlage die Bildung von Nachrichtenkanälen derart vorzunehmen, daß die Möglichkeit der direkten Manipulation von außen zuverlässig verhindert wird und dennoch eine kostengünstige Realisierung für die mit der Zentraleinheit in Verbindung stehenden Einrichtungen erreicht wird.The invention has for its object to make the formation of message channels in a radio alarm system in such a way that the possibility of direct manipulation from the outside is reliably prevented and nevertheless an inexpensive implementation for the devices connected to the central unit is achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Funkalarmanlage mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a radio alarm system with the features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Funkalarmanlage weist den Vorteil auf, daß kein Aufwand für eine Zeitschlitzsynchronisierung erforderlich ist, wie sie für ein TDMA-System (Time Division Multiple Access) unverzichtbar ist. Erst dies ermöglicht, die zahlenmäßig überwiegenden Verbindungen zwischen Meldern und Zentraleinheit als unidirektionale Strecken auszubilden.The radio alarm system according to the invention has the advantage that no effort is required for time slot synchronization, as is essential for a TDMA system (Time Division Multiple Access). Only this makes it possible to design the predominantly numerical connections between detectors and central unit as unidirectional routes.

Weiterhin wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage sichergestellt, daß, selbst im Fall einer Überlagerung mehrerer Meldungen, der momentan angewählte Sender sicher empfangen wird.Furthermore, it is ensured in the radio alarm system according to the invention that, even in the event of a superimposition of several messages, the currently selected transmitter is reliably received.

Die kostengünstige Realisierung ergibt sich daraus, daß in den Meldern nur ein Sender erforderlich ist. Der hohe Empfängeraufwand entsteht nur in der/den (wenigen) Zentraleinheit/einheiten; dort ist zumindest die Stromversorgung kein Problem.The cost-effective implementation results from the fact that only one transmitter is required in the detectors. The high receiver effort arises only in the (few) central unit (s); there at least the power supply is not a problem.

Entsprechend der Erfindung müssen zwar die Meldungen in ausreichend kleinen Zeitabständen wiederholt werden, da diese vom Empfänger asynchron abgehört werden. Vom Verband der Sachversicherer ist im Moment für alle 10 Sekunden ein Datentelegrammaustausch vorgeschrieben. Wenn man davon ausgeht, daß während der überwiegenden Zeit keine Störungen vorliegen und somit die durchschnittliche Zeitdauer zwischen zwei Datentelegrammen etwa 25 Sekunden beträgt, läßt sich der Energieverbrauch durch die Sicherheitsabfragen um den Faktor 2,5 reduzieren, ohne Einschränkungen in der Betriebssicherheit der Alarmanlage hinnehmen zu müssen.According to the invention, the messages have to be repeated at sufficiently small time intervals since they are listened to asynchronously by the receiver. The association of property insurers is currently stipulating a data telegram exchange every 10 seconds. If one assumes that there are no disturbances during the majority of the time and thus the average time between two data telegrams is about 25 seconds, the energy consumption can be reduced by the Reduce security queries by a factor of 2.5 without having to accept any restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.

Die Ausgestaltung der Funkalarmanlage nach Patentanspruch 2 weist den Vorteil auf, daß es sich bei einer Blockade des Funkkanals mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit um eine Sabotage und nicht um ein "natürliches" Ereignis (z.B. Mitbenutzer des Frequenzbandes) handelt. Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Überwachung der Melder und der Funkstrecke Melder zur Zentraleinheit durch zyklische Meldungen.The design of the radio alarm system according to claim 2 has the advantage that a blockage of the radio channel with high probability is a sabotage and not a "natural" event (e.g. co-users of the frequency band). According to the invention, the detectors and the radio link detectors to the central unit are monitored by cyclical messages.

Eventuell könnten bei Routinemeldungen Sendepausen eingelegt werden, wenn dafür von der Zentraleinheit die Störfeldstärke des Funkkanals überwacht wird. Ein Sendeblock zwischen zwei Pausen muß dabei länger als die längste Beobachtungszeit Tk sein.Transmission pauses could possibly be made in the case of routine reports if the interference field strength of the radio channel is monitored by the central unit. A transmission block between two pauses must be longer than the longest observation time T k .

Als besonders vorteilhaft zur Erhöhung der Übertragungssicherheit hat sich die Ausgestaltung nach Patentanspruch 3 erwiesen, wenn jedes Datentelegramm aufeinanderfolgende Blöcke mit gleich langen Codewörtern umfaßt. Wird außerhalb von den gegebenen Codewörtern bzw. Zeitabständen ein Signal empfangen, so ist dies ein erster Hinweis auf Sabotage.The embodiment according to claim 3 has proven to be particularly advantageous for increasing the transmission security if each data telegram comprises successive blocks with code words of the same length. If a signal is received outside of the given code words or time intervals, this is a first indication of sabotage.

Die Ausführungsform der Funkalarmanlage nach Patentanspruch 4 erfordert einen geringen Schaltungsaufwand, ohne daß Einschränkungen in der Betriebssicherheit der Alarmanlage hingenommen werden müssen.The embodiment of the radio alarm system according to claim 4 requires a small Circuit effort without having to accept restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.

Die erfindungsgemäße Funkalarmanlage wird im folgenden anhand einer in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsform näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
das Blockschaltbild einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform und
Fig. 2
einen zeitlichen Verlauf am Beispiel einer Überlagerung von Sendebursts.
The radio alarm system according to the invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1
the block diagram of a preferred embodiment and
Fig. 2
a time course using the example of an overlay of transmission bursts.

Das Blockschaltbild nach Fig. 1 zeigt eine Funkalarmanlage mit asynchroner Übermittlung von Meldungen über Zeitkanäle unterschiedlicher Periodendauer. Im einzelnen werden bei der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage eine Vielzahl von Nachrichtenkanälen zur Übertragung von Meldungen in Form von Datentelegrammen zwischen Meldern M 1 ... Mn , insbesondere Glasbruchmelder, Infrarotmelder, kapazitiver Melder, Körperschallmelder, Öffnungsmelder, Mikrowellenmelder, Ultraschallmelder usw., zwischen Schalteinrichtungen S, insbesondere Blockschloß, zeitgesteuerte Schalteinrichtungen und elektronische Schalteinrichtungen, und zwischen Steuerorganen ST, insbesondere automatische Wählgeräte für Alarmierungseinrichtungen, insbesondere Sirenen und Blitzlampen oder dergl. und einer mikroprozessorgesteuerten Zentraleinheit ZE gebildet. In der Übertragungsrichtung von den Meldern M zur Zentraleinheit ZE erfolgt die Bildung der Nachrichtenkanäle durch unterschiedliche, für die einzelnen Meldern M charakteristische Periodendauer der Meldungswiederholung TMi. Zur Übertragung der Datentelegramme steht mindestens ein Funkkanal zur Verfügung.The block diagram of Fig. 1 shows a radio alarm system with asynchronous transmission of messages via time channels of different periods. In particular, in the radio alarm system according to the invention, a multiplicity of message channels for transmitting messages in the form of data telegrams between detectors M 1... Mn, in particular glass break detectors, infrared detectors, capacitive detectors, structure-borne sound detectors, opening detectors, microwave detectors, ultrasound detectors etc., between switching devices S, in particular block lock, time-controlled switching devices and electronic switching devices, and between control units ST, in particular automatic dialing devices for alarm devices, in particular sirens and flash lamps or the like. and a microprocessor-controlled central unit ZE are formed. In the transmission direction from the detectors M to the central unit ZE, the formation of the message channels takes place through different period duration of the message repetition T Mi which is characteristic of the individual detectors M. At least one radio channel is available for the transmission of the data telegrams.

Wie aus Fig. 2 deutlich hervorgeht, ist die zeitliche Differenz zwischen den einzelnen Periodendauern TMi größer/gleich der Sendedauer TT des längsten Datentelegramms. Dabei umfaßt jedes Datentelegramm aufeinanderfolgende Blöcke mit gleich langen Codewörtern zur Kennzeichnung des jeweiligen Melders M und zur Übertragung der eigentlichen Information.As can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, the time difference between the individual period durations T Mi is greater than / equal to the transmission duration T T of the longest data telegram. Each data telegram comprises successive blocks with code words of the same length to identify the respective detector M and to transmit the actual information.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage werden L = 200 Nachrichtenkanäle gebildet. Die Funkalarmanlage wird in einem Frequenzbereich von zwei bis drei GHz betrieben. Bei einer Sendeleistung von ca. 10 mW beträgt die Reichweite (Funkstrecke) im Gebäude etwa 30 m und im Freifeld etwa 100 m. Im Normalbetrieb, d.h. wenn keine Störfeldstärke (zum Beispiel von anderen Geräten, die im Mikrowellenbereich arbeiten) detektiert wird, wird ein Datentelegrammaustausch, beispielsweise alle 20 - 30 Sekunden, veranlaßt. Im Störbetrieb, d.h. wenn eine Störfeldstärke detektiert wird, erfolgt der Datentelegrammaustausch beispielsweise alle 4 - 5 Sekunden, wie dies in einer nicht vorveröffentlichten Anmeldung mit dem amtlichen Aktenzeichen P 42 39 702.2 vorgeschlagen wird. Die Systemverzögerung Ts vom Ansprechen eines Melders M bis zur Alarmauslösung liegt (ebenso wie für Sabotageerkennung) bei 10s. Mit einer Netto-Datenmenge von 32 Bit (4 Byte pro Telegramm) und einer Anzahl von 2²⁴ (16 Millionen) verschiedener Codierungen kann weniger als ein Fehlalarm in 100 Jahren erwartet werden. Durch diese hohe Übertragungssicherheit werden die vom Verband der Sachversicherer gestellten Forderungen an die Betriebssicherheit mehr als erfüllt.In a preferred embodiment of the radio alarm system according to the invention, L = 200 message channels are formed. The radio alarm system is operated in a frequency range of two to three GHz. With a transmission power of approx. 10 mW, the range (radio link) is approx. 30 m in the building and approx. 100 m in the free field. In normal operation, ie when there is no interference field strength (for example from other devices in the Working microwave range) is detected, a data telegram exchange is initiated, for example every 20 - 30 seconds. In interference mode, ie when an interference field strength is detected, the data telegram is exchanged, for example, every 4 - 5 seconds, as is proposed in an unpublished application with the official file number P 42 39 702.2. The system delay T s from the response of a detector M to the triggering of the alarm (as well as for sabotage detection) is 10 s. With a net data volume of 32 bits (4 bytes per telegram) and a number of 2²⁴ (16 million) different encodings, less than one false alarm can be expected in 100 years. This high level of transmission security more than fulfills the demands placed on operational security by the association of property insurers.

Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform weist die Zentraleinheit ZE einen mit dem Mikroprozessor MP verbundenen Speicher SP auf, in welchem die benötigte Systemabfragezeit TK und /oder verschiedenen Periodendauern der Meldungswiederholung gespeichert ist. Im Melder M ist ein mit einer Taktquelle TQ verbundener einstellbarer Teiler T angeordnet, dessen Teilungsverhältnis entsprechend der zugeordneten Periodendauer TMi ferngesteuert oder manuell einstellbar ist.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the central unit ZE has a memory SP connected to the microprocessor MP, in which the required system query time T K and / or different periods of the repetition of the message are stored. An adjustable divider T connected to a clock source TQ is arranged in the detector M, the division ratio of which can be remotely controlled or manually adjusted according to the assigned period T Mi.

Weitere Zentraleinheiten, Sirenen, Telefonwahlgeräte etc. sind mit der Zentraleinheit ZE über bidirektionale Funkübertragungskanäle verbunden; d.h. diese Übertragungen werden durch die Rücksendung einer Quittierung zusätzlich abgesichert.Further central units, sirens, telephone dialing devices etc. are connected to the central unit ZE via bidirectional radio transmission channels; i.e. these transmissions are additionally secured by returning an acknowledgment.

Der Verbindungsablauf in der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage mit asynchroner Übermittlung von Meldungen über Zeitkanäle unterschiedlicher Periodendauer TMi wird im folgenden anhand Fig. 2 näher beschrieben.The connection sequence in the radio alarm system according to the invention with asynchronous transmission of messages via time channels of different period duration T Mi is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2.

Jeder Melder M sendet asynchron mit einer Wiederholperiode TMi (i = Meldernummer) die Datentelegramme über den gleichen Funkübertragungskanal (die PN-Sequenz ist für die Anlage einheitlich) und versieht das Meldungstelegramm mit einer kennzeichnenden Meldernummer (ungefähr 16 Mio verschiedene Kennzeichnungen). Durch das asynchrone Senden können sich Telegramme überlagern und dadurch unbrauchbar werden. Erfindungsgemäß wiederholt jeder Sender mit einer ihm eigenen Periodendauer TMi die Telgramme. Für die TMi muß gelten:

  • 1) Die Differenz der Periodendauern TMi zwischen zwei Sendern ist mindestens wie die Sendedauer TT eines Telegramms, d.h.

    T T < T Mi - T Mj mit i, j aus (1..200) und i >< j
    Figure imgb0001


  • 2) TT « TMi
    oder genauer:
    keine der Periodendauern TMi ist ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches einer anderen, d.h.

    T M min > 1/2 T M max + 1/4 T T
    Figure imgb0002


Wie Fig. 2 deutlich zeigt, tritt bei Beobachtung von drei Sendebursts mindestens einmal keine Überlagerung auf.Each detector M sends the data telegrams asynchronously with a repetition period T Mi (i = detector number) via the same radio transmission channel (the PN sequence is uniform for the system) and provides the message telegram with a distinctive detector number (approximately 16 million different identifications). Asynchronous transmission can overlap telegrams and make them unusable. According to the invention, each transmitter repeats the telegrams with its own period T Mi. The following must apply to the T Mi :
  • 1) The difference in period T Mi between two transmitters is at least like the transmission time T T of a telegram, ie

    T T <T Wed - T Mj with i, j from (1..200) and i><j
    Figure imgb0001


  • 2) T T «T Mi
    or more precisely:
    none of the period T Mi is an integer multiple of another, ie

    T M min > 1/2 T M max + 1/4 T T
    Figure imgb0002


As FIG. 2 clearly shows, when three transmission bursts are observed, there is no overlap at least once.

Da diese Überlegung für je zwei willkürlich wählbare Sendebursts aus n möglichen gilt, ist dies auch für die Überlagerung von Sendebursts unterschiedlicher Periodendauer TM gezeigt.Since this consideration applies to two arbitrarily selectable transmission bursts out of n possible, this is also shown for the superimposition of transmission bursts of different period duration T M.

Der Empfänger, d.h. die Zentraleinheit (oder die Schalteinrichtung, Steuerorgane), beobachtet während der Zeitdauer TK den Funkübertragungskanal und wertet alle ankommenden Telegramme entsprechend ihrer Absendernummer aus. Nach Ablauf von TK muß von jedem Sender mindestens ein ungestörtes Telegramm angekommen sein.The receiver, ie the central unit (or the switching device, control elements), observes the radio transmission channel during the period T K and evaluates all of them incoming telegrams according to their sender number. After T K has expired, at least one undisturbed telegram must have arrived from each transmitter.

Für die vorstehend beschriebene Systemkonfiguration bzw. Systemparameter ergibt sich beispielsweise:
aus:

T K = 10 s

Figure imgb0003

i = 1 .. 200
Figure imgb0004

T T = 1 ms
Figure imgb0005

T M200 = max {T Mi }
Figure imgb0006


folgt

T M200 = (T K - T T )2 = 4999.5 ms
Figure imgb0007

T M1 = 4799.5 ms
Figure imgb0008


D.h. das Tastverhältnis ST der Sendebursts beträgt hier ca. 1 : 5000, was eine erhebliche Energieeinsparung im Melder bedeutet.For the system configuration or system parameters described above, for example:
out:

T K = 10 s
Figure imgb0003

i = 1 .. 200
Figure imgb0004

T T = 1 ms
Figure imgb0005

T M200 = max {T Wed }
Figure imgb0006


follows

T M200 = (T K - T T ) 2 = 4999.5 ms
Figure imgb0007

T M1 = 4799.5 ms
Figure imgb0008


This means that the pulse duty factor S T of the transmission bursts is approximately 1: 5000, which means considerable energy savings in the detector.

Außerdem sind bei diesem Verfahren die gegenseitigen Störungen der einzelnen Melder bereits berücksichtigt, d.h. diese sind keine "Mitbenutzer" des gleichen Frequenzbandes.In addition, the mutual interference of the individual detectors is already taken into account in this method, i.e. these are not "co-users" of the same frequency band.

Claims (4)

Funkalarmanlage mit einer Vielzahl von Nachrichtenkanälen zur Übertragung von Meldungen in Form von Datentelegrammen zwischen Meldern, (M1 ... Mn) insbesondere Glasbruchmelder, Infrarotmelder, kapazitiver Melder, Körperschallmelder, Öffnungsmelder, Mikrowellenmelder, Ultraschallmelder usw., zwischen Schalteinrichtungen (S), insbesondere Blockschloß, zeitgesteuerte Schalteinrichtungen und elektronische Schalteinrichtungen, und zwischen Steuerorganen (ST), insbesondere automatische Wählgeräte für Alarmierungseinrichtungen, insbesondere Sirenen und Blitzlampen oder dergl. und einer mikroprozessorgesteuerter Zentraleinheit (ZE),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Übertragungsrichtung von den Meldern (M) zur Zentraleinheit (ZE) die Bildung der Nachrichtenkanäle durch unterschiedliche, für die einzelnen Melder (M) charakteristische Periodendauer der Meldungswiederholung (TMi)erfolgt und daß zur Übertragung der Datentelegramme mindestens ein Funkkanal zur Verfügung steht.
Radio alarm system with a large number of message channels for the transmission of messages in the form of data telegrams between detectors, (M1 ... Mn) in particular glass break detectors, infrared detectors, capacitive detectors, structure-borne sound detectors, opening detectors, microwave detectors, ultrasound detectors, etc., between switching devices (S), in particular a block lock , time-controlled switching devices and electronic switching devices, and between control units (ST), in particular automatic dialing devices for alarm devices, in particular sirens and flash lamps or the like and a microprocessor-controlled central unit (ZE),
characterized in that in the direction of transmission from the detectors (M) to the central unit (ZE) the formation of the message channels by different, for the individual detector (M) characteristic period of the repetition of the message (T Mi ) and that at least one radio channel is available for the transmission of the data telegrams.
Funkalarmanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zeitliche Differenz zwischen den einzelnen Periodendauern (TMi)größer/gleich der Sendedauer (TT) des längsten Datentelegramms ist.
Radio alarm system according to claim 1,
characterized in that the time difference between the individual period durations (T Mi ) is greater than / equal to the transmission duration (T T ) of the longest data telegram.
Funkalarmanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Datentelegramm aufeinanderfolgende Blöcke mit gleich langen Codewörtern zur Kennzeichnung des jeweiligen Melders und zur Übertragung der eigentlichen Information umfaßt.
Radio alarm system according to claim 1,
characterized in that each data message comprises successive blocks with code words of the same length for identifying the respective detector and for transmitting the actual information.
Funkalarmanlage nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zentraleinheit (ZE) einen mit dem Mikroprozessor (MP) verbundenen Speicher (SP) aufweist, in welchem die benötigte Systemabfragezeit (TK) gespeichert ist und daß im Melder (M) ein mit einer Taktquelle (TQ) verbundener einstellbarer Teiler (T) angeordnet ist, dessen Teilungsverhältnis entsprechend der zugeordneten Periodendauer (TMi) ferngesteuert oder manuell einstellbar ist.
Radio alarm system according to one or more of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the central unit (ZE) one with the Microprocessor (MP) connected memory (SP), in which the required system polling time (T K ) is stored and that in the detector (M) an adjustable divider (T) connected to a clock source (TQ) is arranged, the division ratio of which corresponds to the assigned one Period duration (T Mi ) is remotely controlled or manually adjustable.
EP93119950A 1992-12-18 1993-12-10 Radio alarm system with asynchronous transmission of messages on time channels of differing periods Ceased EP0607562A1 (en)

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DE4243026A1 (en) 1994-06-23
DE4243026C2 (en) 1994-10-13

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