EP0688262B2 - Process and device for producing three-dimensional objects - Google Patents

Process and device for producing three-dimensional objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0688262B2
EP0688262B2 EP95905081A EP95905081A EP0688262B2 EP 0688262 B2 EP0688262 B2 EP 0688262B2 EP 95905081 A EP95905081 A EP 95905081A EP 95905081 A EP95905081 A EP 95905081A EP 0688262 B2 EP0688262 B2 EP 0688262B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
layer
substrate
skimming
stripping element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95905081A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0688262B1 (en
EP0688262A1 (en
Inventor
David Retallick
Hans J. Langer
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EOS GmbH
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EOS GmbH
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Publication of EP0688262A1 publication Critical patent/EP0688262A1/en
Publication of EP0688262B1 publication Critical patent/EP0688262B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B22F12/67—Blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/57—Metering means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/005—Using a particular environment, e.g. sterile fluids other than air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/04—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity
    • B29C31/08—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity of preforms to be moulded, e.g. tablets, fibre reinforced preforms, extruded ribbons, tubes or profiles; Manipulating means specially adapted for feeding preforms, e.g. supports conveyors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a Device for producing a three-dimensional Object according to the preamble of claim 1 or of claim 9.
  • the device is, for example, from US 4,863,538 known.
  • the distributed material is on the positions of the so formed corresponding to the object Material layer irradiated so that the material there sinters.
  • This type of material application is however with regard to speed of application and Accuracy of setting a certain thickness of the material is not optimal.
  • EP 0 450 762 A1 describes a method for Create a three-dimensional object according to the The preamble of claim 1 is known. A uniform layer thickness is applied by smoothing the Material obtained from a doctor blade. A device is also known from EP 0 450 762 A1 according to the preamble of claim 9 known.
  • the nozzle-guiding channel is a vibration element arranged in the form of a vibrating rod.
  • WO 90/03893 describes a method and a device for producing three-dimensional Objects from successive layers of one powdery solidifiable material known, wherein the solidification of the powder layers under a protective gas atmosphere is performed.
  • the known To improve methods and the known device so that the material application and hiring the layer thickness of the applied material is accelerated and improved.
  • the device essentially has one horizontally arranged work table 1 with a hole in the form of a cutout 2 with a cross section, which is larger than the largest cross-sectional area of the one to be manufactured Object 3, on.
  • an irradiation device 4 for example a laser, arranged a directed Beam of light 5 emits.
  • a deflection device 6 for example a rotating mirror, as deflected beam 7 on the level of the work table distracted.
  • a deflection control 8 controls the deflection device such that the deflected beam 7 on each desired position within the one defined by section 2 Work area.
  • An essentially flat support 9 has a shape corresponding to section 2 and is by means of a schematically indicated height adjustment device 10 in the direction of arrow 11 of a highest position, in which the surface of the Document 9 within the section 2 and in essentially at the same height as the surface of the Worktable 1 lies during the manufacture of the Object in the manner described below can be lowered so far that the finished object 3 below the work table 1 can be removed can.
  • the application device has an in Figure 2 illustrated container 13 in the form of a Gutter that extends across the cutout 2 or Document 9 extends and on guides 14 by means of a displacement drive 15 substantially transversely their extension over the section 2 or the document 9 from a first end position shown in FIG. 1, in which the container 13 on one side of the Section 2 is located outside of it, in one second, essentially symmetrical end position, in which is the container 13 on the other side of the cutout 2 located outside the same, slidable is.
  • the container 13 essentially has one funnel-shaped cross-section on that of two side walls 16.17 and is limited by a slit-shaped narrower lower opening 18 to one wider upper opening 19 expanded.
  • the lower one and the upper opening 18, 19 each extend over essentially the entire length of the container 13, so that of these together with that of the side walls limited interior 20 a down narrowing channel with a length that is essentially the extent of the cutout 2 or Underlay 9 corresponds, is formed.
  • each Stripper elements 21,22 attached, which are parallel to Work table 1 over essentially the entire length the bottom opening.
  • the distance of one Wiping edge forming the lower edge of the wiping elements 21.22 from the work table or from the base 9 in its highest position is set in this way or adjustable that the container 13 just now contact-free or with little friction over the Work table 1 can be moved.
  • the container is via transverse guides shown in Figure 2 23.24 in the direction of its longitudinal extent or suspended transversely to the direction of displacement 25 and by means of elastic elements (not shown), for example springs to a starting position held resiliently deflectable.
  • elastic elements for example springs to a starting position held resiliently deflectable.
  • the loading device 29.30 is each as a about a horizontal axis, the above the plane of displacement of the container 13 and is arranged parallel to its extension, rotatable Roller 31,32 arranged on the circumference thereof notch-shaped cutout (notch roller) formed the by means of a drive (not shown) from one in Figure 1 shown on the left first position in which the notch-shaped Cutout facing up and with the interior of the reservoir 28 is connected to about 180 ° into an emptying position shown on the right in FIG. 1, in which the notch-shaped neckline is facing down points and faces the upper opening 19 of the container, is rotatable.
  • the work table 1, the pad 9 and the application device 12 are dashed from one in Figure 1 enclosed indicated heat-insulated housing 33, which is connected to an inert gas supply 34.
  • Inert gas is preferably nitrogen, which by means of a membrane separating device (known per se) 35 is generated from air and via a supply line 36 is fed into the housing 33.
  • the feed line 36 is before the feed about other parts to be cooled, e.g. the Irradiation device 4, the deflection device 6 and the deflection control 8 performed.
  • the storage containers are first in operation 27.28 with a suitable for object production Material, for example a plastic, metal or Ceramic powder or a mixed form, i.e. for example a plastic-coated metal or Ceramic powder, filled.
  • a suitable for object production Material for example a plastic, metal or Ceramic powder or a mixed form, i.e. for example a plastic-coated metal or Ceramic powder, filled.
  • the pad 9 is by means of the height adjustment device 10 in the highest position driven in which the surface of the base 9 in a Level with the surface of the work table 1, and then by the amount of the intended
  • the thickness of the first layer of material is reduced so that a recessed area within the cutout 2 is formed, the side of the walls of the cutout 2 and below is limited by the pad 9.
  • the application device 12 is by means of the displacement drive 15 brought into their starting position in the the container 13 below the loading device 29 or the roller 31 is.
  • the inert gas supply 34 e.g. Nitrogen fed into the housing 33, until there is a
  • the pad is made using the height adjustment device 10 by the amount of The thickness of the next layer is lowered and the container 13 from the second loading device 30 Rotation of the roller 32 filled again. Applying the next layer is then done by moving the Container in the opposite direction 25 at the same time Shake, peeling off the layer this time made by the other (left in Figure 2) stripping element becomes. The solidification then takes place as with the Layer 38.
  • the material consumption is low in that the distance between the lower opening 18 or of the stripping elements 21, 22 from the surface of the Work table 1 is only so large that there are no noteworthy Friction when moving the container 13 occurs and no material between the stripping elements 21, 22 and the work table 1 can emerge. The material is then only on the opposite of that Worktable 1 lowered support 9 applied.
  • the position of the container 13 is preferably for adjustment such a suitable distance adjustable.
  • liquid or pasty material used to preheat can be omitted and for the radiation device can be any radiation source for electromagnetic Radiation that has a directed beam with sufficient Emits energy, such as a light source or an electron beam source can be used.
  • the underlay can 9 can be kept unchanged in their position a compensating for the shrinkage of the first layer apply the second layer in the same way and solidify. Only then will the document become lowered for the next shift.
  • the stripping elements 21,22 can be any suitable stiff or too have slightly elastic profile and for example also provided with a sharp peeling edge his.
  • the cross section of the container 13 can also be any other suitable shape, for example a rectangular one Shape.

Abstract

In a process and device for producing three-dimensional objects by consolidating a material layer by layer, the problem is found, in particular in the case of powdery or viscous materials, that it is not possible to generate quickly a material layer with an accurately set thickness. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed to strip the material applied by means of a vibrating scraping element (21, 22), or to use a movable container (13) for applying the material which is provided on its bottom with such scraping elements (21, 22).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. des Anspruchs 9.The invention relates to a method and a Device for producing a three-dimensional Object according to the preamble of claim 1 or of claim 9.

Ein derartiges Verfahren bzw. eine derartige Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der US 4 863 538 bekannt. Hier wird eine vorbestimmte Menge eines pulverförmiges Materials auf eine absenkbare Unterlage gegeben und dort mittels einer über die Unterlage bewegbaren Walze unter gleichzeitiger Rotation der Walze verteilt. Danach wird das verteilte Material an den dem Objekt entsprechenden Stellen der so gebildeten Materialschicht bestrahlt, sodaß das Material dort zusammensintert. Diese Art der Materialauftragung ist jedoch hinsichtlich Schnelligkeit der Auftragung und Genauigkeit der Einstellung einer bestimmten Dicke des Materials nicht optimal.Such a method or such The device is, for example, from US 4,863,538 known. Here, a predetermined amount of a powdery one Materials on a lowerable surface given and there by means of a pad movable roller while rotating the Distributed roller. After that, the distributed material is on the positions of the so formed corresponding to the object Material layer irradiated so that the material there sinters. This type of material application is however with regard to speed of application and Accuracy of setting a certain thickness of the material is not optimal.

Aus der EP 0 450 762 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 bekannt. Eine gleichmäßige Schichtdicke wird durch Glätten des aufgebrachten Materials durch ein Abstreifmesser erhalten. Aus der EP 0 450 762 A1 ist ferner eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 9 bekannt.EP 0 450 762 A1 describes a method for Create a three-dimensional object according to the The preamble of claim 1 is known. A uniform layer thickness is applied by smoothing the Material obtained from a doctor blade. A device is also known from EP 0 450 762 A1 according to the preamble of claim 9 known.

Aus der EP 0 431 924 A2 und der WO 93/25336 ist es jeweils bekannt, in einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Objektes aus verfestigbarem Pulvermaterial eine gewünschte Kompaktierung der zu verfestigenden Pulverteilchen mittels eines vibrierenden Abstreifers zu erzeugen. Die Vibrationsbewegung des Abstreifers erfolgt dabei in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Oberfläche der Pulverschicht. Aus der WO 93/25336 ist es ferner bekannt, das zu verfestigende Pulvermaterial mittels einer vibrierenden Walze zu glätten und zu verdichten. Die Walze wird dabei über die Oberfläche der Pulverschicht bewegt und vibriert dabei. Die Vibration hat dabei eine Komponente in Längsrichtung der Walze und eine Komponente senkrecht zur Pulverschicht. Dadurch wird ein Stampfen und damit eine Kompaktierung der Pulverschicht bewirkt.From EP 0 431 924 A2 and WO 93/25336 it is known in each case in a process for Production of a three-dimensional object from solidifiable Powder material a desired compacting of the powder particles to be solidified by means of of a vibrating scraper. The vibration movement the scraper takes place in one Direction perpendicular to the surface of the powder layer. From WO 93/25336 it is also known that what is to be solidified Powder material by means of a vibrating Smooth and compact the roller. The roller will thereby moving over the surface of the powder layer and vibrates. The vibration has one component in the longitudinal direction of the roller and a component perpendicular to the powder layer. This will make a Pounding and thus compacting the powder layer causes.

Aus der US 4 323 756 ist ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Substrats mit Metall bekannt. Dabei wird eine Metallpulverschicht mittels eines Energiestrahles auf das Substrat aufgeschmolzen. Das Metallpulver befindet sich in einer Zuführungsvorrichtung, die eine Düse aufweist, auf der das Metallpulver ausgegeben wird, um gleich darauf geschmolzen zu werden. In dem zurFrom US 4,323,756 a method for Coating a substrate with metal is known. there becomes a metal powder layer by means of an energy beam melted onto the substrate. The metal powder is in a feeder that has a nozzle on which the metal powder is dispensed to be melted immediately afterwards. In to the

Düse führenden Kanal ist ein Vibrationselement in Form eines vibrierenden Stabes angeordnet.The nozzle-guiding channel is a vibration element arranged in the form of a vibrating rod.

Aus der WO 90/03893 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Objekten aus aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten eines pulverförmigen verfestigbaren Materials bekannt, wobei die Verfestigung der Pulverschichten unter Schutzgasatmosphäre ausgeführt wird.WO 90/03893 describes a method and a device for producing three-dimensional Objects from successive layers of one powdery solidifiable material known, wherein the solidification of the powder layers under a protective gas atmosphere is performed.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, das bekannte Verfahren bzw. die bekannte Vorrichtung so zu verbessern, daß die Materialauftragung und die Einstellung der Schichtdicke des aufgetragenen Materials beschleunigt und verbessert wird.It is an object of the invention, the known To improve methods and the known device so that the material application and hiring the layer thickness of the applied material is accelerated and improved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention a method with the features of claim 1 or by a device with the features of Claim 9 solved.

Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Developments of the invention are in the Subclaims marked.

Die Erfindung wird im weiteren anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezug auf die Figuren beschrieben. Von den Figuren zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung; und
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht der Aufbringvorrichtung nach der Erfindung.
The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the figures. From the figures show:
Fig. 1
a schematic side view of the device according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
an enlarged sectional view of the application device according to the invention.

Die Vorrichtung weist einen im wesentlichen horizontal angeordneten Arbeitstisch 1 mit einem Loch in Form eines Aussschnittes 2 mit einem Querschnitt, der größer ist als die größte Querschnittsfläche des herzustellenden Objekts 3, auf. Oberhalb des Arbeitstisches ist eine Bestrahlungseinrichtung 4, beispielsweise ein Laser, angeordnet, die einen gerichteten Lichtstrahl 5 abgibt. Dieser wird über eine Ablenkeinrichtung 6, beispielsweise einen Drehspiegel, als abgelenkter Strahl 7 auf die Ebene des Arbeitstisches abgelenkt. Eine Ablenksteuerung 8 steuert die Ablenkeinrichtung derart, daß der abgelenkte Strahl 7 auf jede gewünschte Stelle innerhalb des vom Ausschnitt 2 definierten Arbeitsbereiches auftrifft.The device essentially has one horizontally arranged work table 1 with a hole in the form of a cutout 2 with a cross section, which is larger than the largest cross-sectional area of the one to be manufactured Object 3, on. Above the work table is an irradiation device 4, for example a laser, arranged a directed Beam of light 5 emits. This is via a deflection device 6, for example a rotating mirror, as deflected beam 7 on the level of the work table distracted. A deflection control 8 controls the deflection device such that the deflected beam 7 on each desired position within the one defined by section 2 Work area.

Eine als im wesentlichen ebene Unterlage 9 weist eine dem Ausschnitt 2 entsprechende Form auf und ist mittels einer schematisch angedeuteten Höheneinstellvorrichtung 10 in Richtung des Pfeils 11 von einer höchsten Stellung, in der die Oberfläche der Unterlage 9 innerhalb des Ausschnittes 2 und im wesentlichen in derselben Höhe wie die Oberfläche des Arbeitstisches 1 liegt, während der Herstellung des Objekts in der weiter unten beschriebenen Weise soweit absenkbar, daß das fertiggestellte Objekt 3 unterhalb des Arbeitstisches 1 entnommen werden kann.An essentially flat support 9 has a shape corresponding to section 2 and is by means of a schematically indicated height adjustment device 10 in the direction of arrow 11 of a highest position, in which the surface of the Document 9 within the section 2 and in essentially at the same height as the surface of the Worktable 1 lies during the manufacture of the Object in the manner described below can be lowered so far that the finished object 3 below the work table 1 can be removed can.

Oberhalb des Arbeitstisches ist eine Aufbringvorrichtung 12 zum Aufbringen des zu verfestigenden Materials auf den Arbeitstisch 1 und die Unterlage 9 angeordnet. Die Aufbringvorrichtung weist einen in Figur 2 genauer dargestellten Behälter 13 in Form einer Rinne auf, die sich quer über den Auschnitt 2 bzw. die Unterlage 9 erstreckt und an Führungen 14 mittels eines Verschiebeantriebs 15 im wesentlichen quer zu ihrer Erstreckung über den Ausschnitt 2 bzw. die Unterlage 9 von einer in Figur 1 gezeigten ersten Endstellung, in der sich der Behälter 13 auf einer Seite des Ausschnittes 2 außerhalb desselben befindet, in eine zweite, im wesentlichen symmetrische Endstellung, in der sich der Behälter 13 auf der anderen Seite des Ausschnittes 2 außerhalb desselben befindet, verschiebbar ist.There is an application device above the work table 12 to apply the solidified Material on the work table 1 and the base 9 arranged. The application device has an in Figure 2 illustrated container 13 in the form of a Gutter that extends across the cutout 2 or Document 9 extends and on guides 14 by means of a displacement drive 15 substantially transversely their extension over the section 2 or the document 9 from a first end position shown in FIG. 1, in which the container 13 on one side of the Section 2 is located outside of it, in one second, essentially symmetrical end position, in which is the container 13 on the other side of the cutout 2 located outside the same, slidable is.

Der Behälter 13 weist einen im wesentlichen trichterförmigen Querschnitt auf, der von zwei Seitenwänden 16,17 begrenzt ist und sich von einer schlitzförmigen schmaleren unteren Öffnung 18 zu einer breiteren oberen Öffnung 19 hin erweitert. Die untere und obere Öffnung 18,19 erstrecken sich jeweils über im wesentlichen die gesamte Länge des Behälters 13, sodaß von diesen zusammen mit dem von den Seitenwänden begrenzten Innenraum 20 ein sich nach unten verengender Kanal mit einer Länge, die im wesentlichen der Ausdehnung des Ausschnittes 2 bzw. der Unterlage 9 entspricht, gebildet ist.The container 13 essentially has one funnel-shaped cross-section on that of two side walls 16.17 and is limited by a slit-shaped narrower lower opening 18 to one wider upper opening 19 expanded. The lower one and the upper opening 18, 19 each extend over essentially the entire length of the container 13, so that of these together with that of the side walls limited interior 20 a down narrowing channel with a length that is essentially the extent of the cutout 2 or Underlay 9 corresponds, is formed.

An den dem Arbeitstisch 1 zugewandten unteren Rändern der Seitenwände 16,17 sind jeweils Abstreifelemente 21,22 befestigt, die sich parallel zum Arbeitstisch 1 über im wesentlichen die gesamte Länge der unteren Öffnung erstrecken. Der Abstand des eine Abstreifkante bildenden unteren Randes der Abstreifelemente 21,22 vom Arbeitstisch bzw. von der Unterlage 9 in deren höchster Stellung ist dabei derart eingestellt bzw. einstellbar, daß der Behälter 13 gerade eben berührungsfrei oder nur mit geringer Reibung über den Arbeitstisch 1 verschoben werden kann.At the lower table facing the work table 1 The edges of the side walls 16, 17 are each Stripper elements 21,22 attached, which are parallel to Work table 1 over essentially the entire length the bottom opening. The distance of one Wiping edge forming the lower edge of the wiping elements 21.22 from the work table or from the base 9 in its highest position is set in this way or adjustable that the container 13 just now contact-free or with little friction over the Work table 1 can be moved.

Der Behälter ist über in Figur 2 gezeigte Querführungen 23,24 in Richtung seiner Längserstreckung bzw. quer zur Verschieberichtung 25 verschiebbar aufgehängt und mittels (nicht gezeigter) elastischer Elemente, beispielsweise Federn, um eine Ausgangslage elastisch federnd auslenkbar gehalten. Eine an einer Seitenwand 17 oder auch an einem anderen Teil des Behälters 13 befestigte Vibrationseinrichtung 26, beispielsweise ein elektrisch oder hydraulisch betätigter Rüttler, ist so ausgebildet, daß er den Behälter 13 im Zusammenwirken mit den elastischen Elementen in eine Vibration mit einer Auslenkung in Richtung der unteren Öffnung und der Abstreifelemente, d.h. quer zur Verschieberichtung 25, und parallel zur Ebene der Arbeitstisches 1 bzw. der Unterlage 9 versetzt.The container is via transverse guides shown in Figure 2 23.24 in the direction of its longitudinal extent or suspended transversely to the direction of displacement 25 and by means of elastic elements (not shown), for example springs to a starting position held resiliently deflectable. One on one Side wall 17 or on another part of the Container 13 attached vibration device 26, for example an electrically or hydraulically operated Vibrator, is designed so that it the container 13 in Interaction with the elastic elements in a vibration with a deflection in the direction of the lower opening and the stripping elements, i.e. across to Direction of displacement 25, and parallel to the plane of Work table 1 or the base 9 offset.

Oberhalb des Behälters 13 in dessen beiden Endstellungen bzw. dessen oberer Öffnung 19 ist in der in Figur 1 gezeigten Weise jeweils ein Vorratsbehälter 27,28 für zu verfestigendes Material und eine an dessen unterem Ende vorgesehene Beschickungsvorrichtung 29,30 angeordnet. Die Beschickungsvorrichtung 29,30 ist jeweils als eine um eine horizontale Achse, die oberhalb der Verschiebeebene des Behälters 13 und parallel zu dessen Erstreckung angeordet ist, drehbare Walze 31,32 mit einem an deren Umfang angeordneten kerbfömigen Ausschnitt (Kerbwalze) ausgebildet, der mittels eines (nicht dargestellten) Antriebes von einer in Figur 1 links gezeigten ersten Stellung, in der der kerbförmige Ausschnitt nach oben weist und mit dem Innenraum des Vorratsbehälters 28 verbunden ist, um etwa 180° in eine rechts in Figur 1 dargestellte Entleerungsstellung, in der der kerbförmige Ausschnitt nach unten weist und der oberen Öffnung 19 des Behälters gegenüberliegt, drehbar ist.Above the container 13 in its two End positions or its upper opening 19 is in the shown in Figure 1 each a reservoir 27.28 for material to be solidified and one on the other lower end of the loading device 29,30 arranged. The loading device 29.30 is each as a about a horizontal axis, the above the plane of displacement of the container 13 and is arranged parallel to its extension, rotatable Roller 31,32 arranged on the circumference thereof notch-shaped cutout (notch roller) formed the by means of a drive (not shown) from one in Figure 1 shown on the left first position in which the notch-shaped Cutout facing up and with the interior of the reservoir 28 is connected to about 180 ° into an emptying position shown on the right in FIG. 1, in which the notch-shaped neckline is facing down points and faces the upper opening 19 of the container, is rotatable.

Der Arbeitstisch 1, die Unterlage 9 und die Aufbringvorrichtung 12 sind von einem in Figur 1 gestrichelt angedeuteten wärmeisolierten Gehäuse 33 umschlossen, das mit einer Inertgaszufuhr 34 verbunden ist. Als Inertgas kommt vorzugsweise Stickstoff in Frage, der mittels einer (an sich bekannten) Membran-Trennvorrichtung 35 aus Luft erzeugt wird und über eine Zufuhrleitung 36 ins Gehäuse 33 eingespeist wird. Vorzugsweise wird die Zufuhrleitung 36 vor der Einspeisung über weitere zu kühlende Teile wie z.B. die Bestrahlungseinrichtung 4, die Ablenkeinrichtung 6 und die Ablenksteuerung 8 geführt.The work table 1, the pad 9 and the application device 12 are dashed from one in Figure 1 enclosed indicated heat-insulated housing 33, which is connected to an inert gas supply 34. As Inert gas is preferably nitrogen, which by means of a membrane separating device (known per se) 35 is generated from air and via a supply line 36 is fed into the housing 33. Preferably, the feed line 36 is before the feed about other parts to be cooled, e.g. the Irradiation device 4, the deflection device 6 and the deflection control 8 performed.

Schließlich ist eine auf den Ausschnitt 2 gerichtete Strahlunngsheizung 38,39 und eine zentrale Steuereinheit 37 vorgesehen, die mit der Höheneinstellvorrichtung 10, der Ablenksteuerung 8 und dem Verschiebeantrieb 15 zur Durchführung der nachfolgend beschriebenen Schritte verbunden ist.Finally, one is directed towards section 2 Radiant heating 38.39 and a central control unit 37 provided with the Height adjustment device 10, the deflection control 8 and the displacement drive 15 for performing the steps described below is connected.

Im Betrieb werden zunächst die Vorratsbehälter 27,28 mit einem für die Objektherstellung geeigneten Material, beispielsweise einem Kunststoff-, Metalloder Keramikpulver oder auch einer Mischform, d.h. beispielsweise einem kunststoffüberzogenen Metalloder Keramikpulver, gefüllt. Die Unterlage 9 wird mittels der Höheneinstellvorrichtung 10 in die höchste Stellung gefahren, in der die Oberfläche der Unterlage 9 in einer Ebene mit der Oberfläche des Arbeitstisches 1 liegt, und anschließend um den Betrag der vorgesehenen Dicke der ersten Materialschicht abgesenkt, sodaß innerhalb des Ausschnittes 2 ein abgesenkter Bereich gebildet ist, der seitlich von den Wänden des Ausschnitts 2 und unten von der Unterlage 9 begrenzt ist. Die Aufbringvorrichtung 12 wird mittels des Verschiebeantriebs 15 in ihre Ausgangsstellung gebracht, in der der Behälter 13 unterhalb der Beschickungsvorrichtung 29 bzw. der Walze 31 steht. Ferner wird von der Inertgaszufuhr 34 z.B. Stickstoff in das Gehäuse 33 eingespeist, bis dort eine gewünschte Inertgasatmosphäre erhalten ist.The storage containers are first in operation 27.28 with a suitable for object production Material, for example a plastic, metal or Ceramic powder or a mixed form, i.e. for example a plastic-coated metal or Ceramic powder, filled. The pad 9 is by means of the height adjustment device 10 in the highest position driven in which the surface of the base 9 in a Level with the surface of the work table 1, and then by the amount of the intended The thickness of the first layer of material is reduced so that a recessed area within the cutout 2 is formed, the side of the walls of the cutout 2 and below is limited by the pad 9. The application device 12 is by means of the displacement drive 15 brought into their starting position in the the container 13 below the loading device 29 or the roller 31 is. Furthermore, the inert gas supply 34 e.g. Nitrogen fed into the housing 33, until there is a desired inert gas atmosphere is preserved.

Durch ein- oder mehrmalige Rotation der Walze 29 wird aus dem Vorratsbehälter 27 ein vorbestimmtes Volumen des Materials, das dem ein- oder mehrfachen Volumen der Kerbe in der Walze 29 entspricht, durch die unter der Walze 29 angeordnete obere Öffnung 19 in den Behälter 13 eingefüllt. Mittels des Verschiebeantriebs 15 wird daraufhin der Behälter 13 in Verschieberichtung 25 über den Ausschnitt 2 bis in die in Figur 1 links dargestellte andere Endstellung bewegt, in der der Behälter 13 unter der anderen Beschickungsvorrichtung 30 steht. Gleichzeitig mit der Verschiebung wird die Vibrationseinrichtung 26 betätigt, die den Behälter in eine Rüttelbewegung quer zur Verschieberichtung 25 und parallel zur Unterlage 9 versetzt. Dadurch wird eine Agglomeration des Pulvers in Behälter verhindert und ein ungehindertes Austreten des Materials aus der unteren Öffnung 18 auf die Unterlage 9 sichergestellt. Gleichzeitig kann durch diese Rüttelbewegung eine Verdichtung des ausgegebenen Materials erreicht werden.By rotating the Roller 29 becomes a predetermined one from the reservoir 27 Volume of material that the one or corresponds to multiple volume of the notch in the roller 29, by the arranged under the roller 29 upper opening 19 filled in the container 13. through the displacement drive 15 then becomes the container 13 in the direction of displacement 25 over the cutout 2 to in the other end position shown on the left in Figure 1 moved in the container 13 under the other Feeder 30 stands. Simultaneously with the Displacement, the vibrating device 26 is actuated, the container in a shaking motion transverse to the direction of displacement 25 and offset parallel to the base 9. This will cause agglomeration of the powder in Prevents containers and unimpeded leakage the material from the lower opening 18 onto the pad 9 ensured. At the same time, this vibrating motion a compression of the issued Material can be achieved.

Das Aufbringen des Materials auf die Unterlage 9 ist in Figur 2 genauer dargestellt. Das bei der Verschiebung des Behälters 13 in Richtung 25 (also nach links in Figur 2) aus der unteren Öffnung 18 austretenden Material wird durch das nachfolgende (in Figur 2 rechte) Abstreifelement 21 auf die gewünschte Schichtdicke s eingestellt und abgezogen, sodaß sich eine Schicht 38 mit definierter Dicke s ergibt. Dadurch, daß das Abstreifelement 21 mit dem Behälter 13 fest verbunden ist, vibriert das Abstreifelement 21 ebenso wie der Behälter 13 quer zur Verschieberichtung 25 und parallel zur Unterlage 9. Aufgrund dieser Rüttelbewegung des Abstreifelements 21 wird die Einstellgenauigkeit der Schichtdicke s und die Oberflächengüte der Schicht 38 erheblich verbessert.The application of the material to the base 9 is shown in more detail in FIG. That at the Displacement of the container 13 in the direction 25 (ie to the left in FIG. 2) emerging from the lower opening 18 Material is replaced by the following (in Figure 2 right) stripping element 21 to the desired Layer thickness s adjusted and subtracted, so that results in a layer 38 with a defined thickness s. Thereby, that the stripping element 21 with the container 13 firmly is connected, the stripping element 21 vibrates as well as the container 13 transverse to the direction 25 and parallel to the base 9. Due to this shaking movement of the stripping element 21 becomes the setting accuracy the layer thickness s and the surface quality of the Layer 38 improved significantly.

Nach Auftragen und Abziehen der Schicht 38 und Vorheizen des Materials in der Schicht 38 mittels der Strahlungsheizung 38,39 auf eine geeignete Arbeitstemperatur steuert die Steuereinheit 37 die Ablenkeinrichtung 6 über deren Steuerung 8 derart, daß der abgelenkte Lichtstrahl 7 nacheinander an allen gewünschten (also dem Objekt an dieser Schicht entsprechenden) Stellen der Schicht 38 auftrifft und dort das Pulvermaterial durch Sintern verfestigt.After application and removal of layer 38 and preheating the material in layer 38 using the radiant heater 38,39 to a suitable one Working temperature controls the control unit 37 Deflection device 6 via its control 8 such that the deflected light beam 7 in succession at all desired (corresponding to the object at this layer) Make the layer 38 hits and there the powder material solidified by sintering.

In einem zweiten Schritt wird die Unterlage mittels der Höheneinstellvorrichtung 10 um den Betrag der Dicke der nächsten Schicht abgesenkt und der Behälter 13 von der zweiten Beschickungsvorrichtung 30 durch Rotation der Walze 32 wieder gefüllt. Das Auftragen der nächsten Schicht erfolgt dann durch Verschieben des Behälters in entgegen der Richtung 25 unter gleichzeitigem Rütteln, wobei das Abziehen der Schicht diesmal vom anderen (in Figur 2 linken) Abstreifelement vorgenommen wird. Die Verfestigung erfolgt dann wie bei der Schicht 38.In a second step, the pad is made using the height adjustment device 10 by the amount of The thickness of the next layer is lowered and the container 13 from the second loading device 30 Rotation of the roller 32 filled again. Applying the next layer is then done by moving the Container in the opposite direction 25 at the same time Shake, peeling off the layer this time made by the other (left in Figure 2) stripping element becomes. The solidification then takes place as with the Layer 38.

Weitere Schichten werden analog aufgetragen, abgezogen und verfestigt, wobei der Behälter 13 bei aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten unter gleichzeitigem Rütteln immer abwechselnd von links nach rechts und umgekehrt verschoben wird. Es ist aber auch möglich, unter zweimaligem Überfahren der Unterlage 9 wieder zur Ausgangsstellung zurückzufahren, sodaß dann nur ein Vorratsbehälter und nur eine Beschickungsvorrichtung erforderlich sind.Further layers are applied analogously, withdrawn and solidified, the container 13 at successive layers under simultaneous Always shake alternately from left to right and vice versa. But it is also possible by running over the pad 9 again to return to the starting position, so that then only a storage container and only one loading device required are.

Ein geringer Materialverbrauch ergibt sich dadurch, daß der Abstand der unteren Öffnung 18 bzw. der Abstreifelemente 21,22 von der Oberfläche des Arbeitstisches 1 nur so groß ist, daß gerade keine nennenswerte Reibung bei der Verschiebung des Behälters 13 auftritt und kein Material zwischen den Abstreifelementen 21,22 und dem Arbeitstisch 1 austreten kann. Das Material wird dann nur auf die gegenüber dem Arbeitstisch 1 abgesenkte Unterlage 9 aufgetragen. Vorzugsweise ist die Lage des Behälters 13 zur Einstellung eines derartigen geeigneten Abstandes justierbar.The material consumption is low in that the distance between the lower opening 18 or of the stripping elements 21, 22 from the surface of the Work table 1 is only so large that there are no noteworthy Friction when moving the container 13 occurs and no material between the stripping elements 21, 22 and the work table 1 can emerge. The material is then only on the opposite of that Worktable 1 lowered support 9 applied. The position of the container 13 is preferably for adjustment such a suitable distance adjustable.

Weitere Modifikationen der Erfindung sind möglich. So kann als Material auch flüssiges oder pastenförmiges Material verwendet werden, die Vorheizung kann entfallen und für die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung kann jede Strahlungsquelle für elektromagnetische Strahlung, die einen gerichteten Strahl mit ausreichender Energie abgibt, wie beispielsweise ein Lichtquelle oder auch eine Elektronenstrahlquelle, verwendet werden. Nach Verfestigung einer Schicht kann die Unterlage 9 in ihrer Lage unverändert gehalten werden, um eine die Schrumpfung der ersten Schicht ausgleichende zweite Schicht in gleicher Weise aufzubringen und zu verfestigen. Erst danach wird dann die Unterlage für die nächste Schicht abgesenkt. Die Abstreifelemente 21,22 können jedes geeignete steife oder auch geringfügig elastische Profil aufweisen und beispielsweise auch mit einer scharfen Abziehkante versehen sein. Der Querschnitt des Behälters 13 kann auch jede andere geeignet Form, beispielsweise eine rechteckige Form, aufweisen.Further modifications of the invention are possible. So liquid or pasty material used to preheat can be omitted and for the radiation device can be any radiation source for electromagnetic Radiation that has a directed beam with sufficient Emits energy, such as a light source or an electron beam source can be used. After a layer has solidified, the underlay can 9 can be kept unchanged in their position a compensating for the shrinkage of the first layer apply the second layer in the same way and solidify. Only then will the document become lowered for the next shift. The stripping elements 21,22 can be any suitable stiff or too have slightly elastic profile and for example also provided with a sharp peeling edge his. The cross section of the container 13 can also be any other suitable shape, for example a rectangular one Shape.

Claims (23)

  1. Method for producing a three-dimensional object, in which the object (3) is produced in layers in such a way that in each case one layer made from material which can be solidified by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation is applied and subsequently solidified by irradiation at the locations corresponding to the object (3), characterized in that during application a uniform layer thickness of the applied material is produced by skimming by means of a stripping element (21, 22) and simultaneous vibration of the stripping element (21, 22), the stripping element (21, 22) being set vibrating parallel to the layer in a direction transverse to the skimming direction.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the vibration is performed at a frequency of approximately 50 to 500 Hertz, preferably 100 to 200 Hertz, and with an amplitude of approximately 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably 0.5 to 1 mm.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material is applied directly upstream of the stripping element (21, 22) during the skimming.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pulverulent solid material is used as material.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the skimming direction is changed after each application.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a predetermined quantity of the material is put into a container (13) which is provided with a stripping element (21, 22), and in that for the purpose of simultaneously applying and skimming in the skimming direction the container (13) is moved and set vibrating in the process.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material is applied to a substrate (9) whose height can be adjusted which is either lowered after each solidification of a layer by the thickness of the next layer, or is held unchanged in its position for the purpose of applying and solidifying a second layer.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application and solidification of the layer are carried out in an inert-gas atmosphere.
  9. Device for producing a three-dimensional object, in particular for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, having a substrate (9), a device (12) for applying to the substrate (9) a layer of a material which can be solidified by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and an irradiating device (4) for irradiating the material at those locations of the layer corresponding to the object, the applying device (12) having for the material a container (13) which is arranged above the substrate (9), is connected to a drive (15) for moving the container (13) in an essentially parallel fashion over the substrate (9), and has on its underside facing the substrate (9) a stripping element (21, 22) for setting the layer thickness (es) of the applied material, characterized in that a vibration device (26) is provided for vibrating the container (13) during the movement in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the container and parallel to the layer.
  10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the container (13) is designed as a chute which extends transversely over the substrate (9) and has an upper opening (19) for filling the material and a lower opening (18) for applying the material.
  11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the chute has an essentially funnel-shaped cross section.
  12. Device according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the lower opening (18) is designed as a slot extending along the chute.
  13. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a stripping element (21, 22) is provided in each case both upstream and downstream of the lower opening (18) in the direction of movement of the container (13).
  14. Device according to Claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the stripping elements (21, 22) are formed by the edges of the chute on both sides of the slot.
  15. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the drive (15) is designed such that it initially moves the container (13) over the substrate (9) in a first direction (25), a first layer (38) being applied and skimmed by means of the stripping element (21), and after the irradiation of the layer moves the container (13) in a second direction essentially opposite to the first direction (25) for the purpose of applying and skimming the next layer.
  16. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the drive (15) is designed in such a way that it moves the container (13) into an end position after each application and skimming.
  17. Device according to Claim 16, characterized in that provision is made of a storage bin (27, 28) for the material, and of a charging device (29, 30) for filling a predetermined quantity of the material from the storage bin (27, 28) into the container (13) in the end position thereof.
  18. Device according to Claim 17, characterized in that the charging device (29, 30) is designed as a dosing device, preferably a notched roller (31, 32), arranged between the storage bin (27, 28) and the container (13) in the end position thereof.
  19. Device according to Claim 17 or 18, characterized in that an end position with an associated storage bin (27, 28) and charging device (29, 30) is respectively provided in the direction of movement of the container (13) on both sides of the substrate (9).
  20. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the vibration device (26) is designed as a shaker which sets the container (13) vibrating in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the container (13) and parallel to the layer (38).
  21. Device according to Claim 20, characterized in that the container (13) is suspended elastically in the direction of vibration and the shaker (26) acts on the container (13).
  22. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 21, characterized in that provision is made of a housing (33) tightly surrounding the substrate (9) and the applying device (12), and of an inert gas source (34) for feeding inert gas into the housing (33).
  23. Device according to Claim 22, characterized in that the inert gas source (34) is designed as a diaphragm separating device for separating nitrogen from air.
EP95905081A 1994-01-11 1994-12-19 Process and device for producing three-dimensional objects Expired - Lifetime EP0688262B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4400523 1994-01-11
DE4400523A DE4400523C2 (en) 1994-01-11 1994-01-11 Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object
PCT/EP1994/004214 WO1995018715A1 (en) 1994-01-11 1994-12-19 Process and device for producing three-dimensional objects

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EP0688262A1 EP0688262A1 (en) 1995-12-27
EP0688262B1 EP0688262B1 (en) 1999-06-02
EP0688262B2 true EP0688262B2 (en) 2004-12-08

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US (1) US5647931A (en)
EP (1) EP0688262B2 (en)
JP (1) JP3010312B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4400523C2 (en)
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JPH08502703A (en) 1996-03-26
DE59408364D1 (en) 1999-07-08
EP0688262B1 (en) 1999-06-02
DE4400523C2 (en) 1996-07-11
JP3010312B2 (en) 2000-02-21
WO1995018715A1 (en) 1995-07-13
EP0688262A1 (en) 1995-12-27
DE4400523A1 (en) 1995-07-13
US5647931A (en) 1997-07-15

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