EP0715285A1 - Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of vehicles - Google Patents

Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0715285A1
EP0715285A1 EP95250276A EP95250276A EP0715285A1 EP 0715285 A1 EP0715285 A1 EP 0715285A1 EP 95250276 A EP95250276 A EP 95250276A EP 95250276 A EP95250276 A EP 95250276A EP 0715285 A1 EP0715285 A1 EP 0715285A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicles
vehicle
data
transmitted
position data
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Granted
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EP95250276A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0715285B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Dipl.-Ing. Hort
Werner Dr. Schulz
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Heimann
Karlheinz Dipl.-Math. Schlottbom
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0137—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications
    • G08G1/0141—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications for traffic information dissemination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0108—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data
    • G08G1/0112—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data from the vehicle, e.g. floating car data [FCD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0125—Traffic data processing
    • G08G1/0133—Traffic data processing for classifying traffic situation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing a data volume of vehicle data to be transmitted from vehicles of a vehicle fleet, in particular a sample vehicle fleet, which contains information about the operating state and / or the environment of the vehicles, and position data, the information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system each included at a certain point in time after the vehicle and position data in the vehicle have been recorded for the wireless transmission of the vehicle and position data to a higher-level traffic computer.
  • sample vehicles referred to as "floating cars” transmit predetermined vehicle data and associated position data via radio to a receiving point of a higher-level traffic computer.
  • the higher-level traffic computer can then use predetermined algorithms to determine the traffic situation or, for example, draw conclusions about environmental conditions such as wetness or icing of the road, fog, etc.
  • a radio network such as a GSM network does not have unlimited capacity, so that the network can be overloaded.
  • the higher-level traffic calculator must be based on the Predetermined algorithms calculate the desired information or predictions from the received data sets. The higher the amount of data to be processed, the greater the computing load of the higher-level traffic computer.
  • the data records transmitted by each sample vehicle in the fleet according to a fixed scheme at least partially contain superfluous data that unnecessarily increase the computing load, which is especially the case when several vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet are traveling on the same road.
  • the invention provides that the vehicles of the vehicle fleet collectively, or if they form an organizational unit individually, are given which of the resulting vehicle and position data are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer and under what conditions.
  • a data transmission can be triggered, for example, as a function of a distance traveled and / or a period of time.
  • the vehicles can also be given a specification of the geographical positions or the times at which the occurring vehicle and position data have to be recorded. The specification is made, at least temporarily, by wireless transmission from a specification device that is permanently arranged outside the vehicles.
  • the specifications of the specification device are expediently transmitted to the vehicles via a mobile communication device, in particular via radio telephone or radio.
  • a radio telephone has the advantage of two-way communication. Transmission via radio or traffic radio, on the other hand, relieves the load on the radio telephone network and only requires a decoder for the receiver device that is usually present anyway, e.g. a car radio.
  • the radio telephone network load in particular in the case of various radio telephone networks with a short range, can also be used to obtain information, for example with regard to the traffic density.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that only the spatial or temporal spacing of the transmission of the vehicle and position data is transmitted to the vehicles.
  • the spatial or temporal spacing of the data transmission to a higher-level traffic computer is constant for all vehicles or for one type of vehicle (truck or car) or for all vehicles in a given geographical area and is given to the vehicles depending on the situation. This is an adaptation to the current traffic situation, the current road condition and / or the spatial distribution of the vehicle fleet that can be achieved with relatively simple means.
  • limit values are transmitted to the vehicles for certain vehicle and / or position data, which exceed or fall below a transmission of the vehicle and position data.
  • Such a specification gives the vehicles of the vehicle fleet the possibility of immediately upon transmission of the vehicle and / or in the event of certain specified situations which are relevant for the traffic situation or the road condition according to the specification Position data to respond to the higher-level traffic computer, but otherwise not unnecessarily burden the radio telephone network.
  • the invention proposes that a typical driving profile (for example traffic jam or slow-moving traffic or city traffic) is transmitted to the vehicle or activated from an existing stock in the vehicle, if there is one immediately Vehicle and position data are transferred. This creates the possibility of being able to react immediately and specifically to specific traffic situations.
  • a typical driving profile for example traffic jam or slow-moving traffic or city traffic
  • An additional relief of the radio telephone network is achieved in that provision is made for a temporary muting of vehicles. This is particularly advantageous when the radio telephone network is overloaded or when there is very little traffic.
  • the data exchange with the higher-level traffic computer is expediently controlled by an on-board computer provided in the vehicles.
  • the specification device is connected to the higher-level traffic computer in terms of data technology.
  • the specifications be transmitted individually to the vehicles of the vehicle fleet if the vehicle fleet forms an organizational unit, in particular for bus companies, freight forwarders and the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the course of several roads and a motorway and the positions of the vehicles at a certain point in time.
  • the course of the Motorway section and the road sections are the positions of the vehicles at a certain time in the form of black dots that move in a direction of the highway and road sections.
  • the entirety of all vehicle and position data of a vehicle fleet, for example with five hundred vehicles, would already mean a very large amount of data, for example to be transmitted simultaneously in a radio telephone network cell and to be processed by the higher-level traffic computer.
  • a vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle which continuously change state variables such as e.g. B. capture the speed, engine speed, outside temperature, humidity, etc.
  • the vehicle also has sensors that detect discrete state variables, such as. B. the position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, rear window heating, etc.).
  • the vehicle is also equipped with devices that allow the operation of active devices (actuators) such. B. the airbag, the accident data recorder (UDS), the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the traction control system (ASR), etc. in the vehicle.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals, which contains the current position (longitude, latitude, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined coordinate system (longitude. Latitude).
  • the data generated by the sensors and the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the vehicle data, from which a higher-level traffic computer or a system of decentrally arranged computers in conjunction with the corresponding position data (including the associated time data) provides information or predictions about the traffic situation and can calculate the road condition.
  • An on-board computer is installed in the vehicles for data acquisition and preparation.
  • the on-board computer also controls and monitors the data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer, which takes place via a radio telephone network.
  • the on-board computer receives the respective specifications of the higher-level traffic computer by means of a radio receiver which is equipped with a corresponding decoder.
  • the higher-level traffic computer it is possible for the higher-level traffic computer to collectively specify the specifications for the vehicles in the vehicle fleet via radio telephones or to be transmitted individually; individually, in particular when the vehicle fleet forms an organizational unit, which is the case, for example, with bus companies, freight forwarders and the like.
  • the specifications for the vehicles essentially contain instructions as to which of the vehicle and position data are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer, namely after which distances and / or time periods have been covered.
  • the specification of a maximum time span is provided for the cases in which, due to a traffic jam and in the event of a vehicle failure, the specified route is only taken after a very long time or not.
  • the vehicles are specified at which geographic positions, in which geographic areas or at what times the acquisition of the resulting vehicle and position data and / or the transmission of the data to the higher-level traffic computer must take place.
  • the specifications can also contain special conditions (e.g.
  • the specifications for the vehicles can be changed such that only the vehicles on this street or in this area transmit their data to the higher-level traffic computer, so that a dynamic adaptation of the amount of data transmitted to the requirements of traffic recording is possible and at the same time the radio telephone network is loaded as little as possible.
  • the vehicle traffic on the street on which the vehicles F12-F15 are located has no special features, so that the data of these four vehicles are all within a narrow tolerance band and are therefore to be regarded as the same within the given accuracy the default for these four vehicles is such that only the position data in relatively large Time intervals are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer.
  • the vehicle will also be given limit values, for example for the average speed and for the average fluctuation range of the average speed, which, if exceeded or undershot, have to be transmitted immediately to the higher-level traffic computer when the vehicle and position data are exceeded.
  • the higher-level traffic computer can request vehicles F1 to F3 to transmit certain vehicle and position data at very short intervals, while the specifications of vehicles F4 to F7 initially do not change.
  • the high data density caused by the accident can overload the higher-level traffic computer if, according to their specifications, vehicles F12 to F14 also want to transmit their data at this time.
  • the higher-level traffic computer can temporarily mute vehicles F12 to F14 by means of a corresponding specification, i.e. prevent any data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer.
  • the differentiated response of some of the vehicles does not take place through individual addressing of the individual vehicles, for example using a radio telephone, but because the collective specifications contain conditions by which some of the vehicles (F12 to F14) temporarily refrain from Data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer is instructed.
  • the flow of information to the higher-level traffic computer can be optimized and the load on the radio telephone network can thus be minimized.
  • the specifications are transferred from the higher-order traffic computer to a specification device and from the specification device via radio to the Transfer vehicles.
  • An acknowledgment of the receipt of the specifications by the vehicles is generally not provided, but is a possible variant, for example in areas with poor reception conditions.
  • the specification device is permanently arranged outside the vehicles and is directly connected to the higher-level traffic computer in terms of data technology.
  • the presets emitted by the presetting device are received via the radio receiving device present in the vehicles, the integrated decoder filtering the presets out of the reception signals.
  • the specifications are transferred from the radio receiver to the on-board computer via the data bus installed in the vehicle.
  • the on-board computer constantly checks based on the transmitted specifications whether the temporarily stored vehicle and position data must be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer.
  • the vehicle data are each assigned to a data set consisting of time and position data.
  • the GPS receiver provides the position data directly and stores them in the memory of the on-board computer. If the requirements set out in the specifications apply, the on-board computer uses radio telephones to establish the data connection to the higher-level traffic computer and successively transfers the data records requested in the specifications.
  • the data is already processed by the on-board computer. For example, the street on which the vehicle is currently located can be determined on the basis of the position data.

Abstract

The information reduction system is used for the information relating to the driving conditions and the traffic conditions transmitted from a floating car to the traffic control centre, together with information on the vehicle position relative to a defined coordinate system. Each vehicle within the floating car fleet providing the driving and traffic information responds to instructions provided by roadside devices linked to the traffic control centre, indicating which information is required, the information transmission effected in accordance with these instructions, via an onboard computer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Fahrzeugflotte, insbesondere einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge von Fahrzeugdaten, die Informationen über den Betriebszustand und/oder die Umgebung der Fahrzeuge enthalten, und Positionsdaten, die Informationen über die Position der Fahrzeuge in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem jeweils zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt enthalten, nach Erfassen der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten im Fahrzeug für die drahtlose Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an einen übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner.The invention relates to a method for reducing a data volume of vehicle data to be transmitted from vehicles of a vehicle fleet, in particular a sample vehicle fleet, which contains information about the operating state and / or the environment of the vehicles, and position data, the information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system each included at a certain point in time after the vehicle and position data in the vehicle have been recorded for the wireless transmission of the vehicle and position data to a higher-level traffic computer.

Aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 195 08 486 ist es bekannt, zur Ermittlung von Verkehrslage- oder Straßenzustandsdaten eine Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu verwenden, bei der als "floating cars" bezeichnete Stichprobenfahrzeuge zum Beispiel über Funk vorbestimmte Fahrzeugdaten und dazugehörige Positionsdaten an eine Empfangsstelle eines übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners übermitteln. Mit Hilfe dieser Daten kann dann der übergeordnete Verkehrsrechner anhand vorbestimmter Algorithmen die Verkehrslage ermitteln oder zum Beispiel Rückschlüsse auf Umgebungsbedingungen wie Nässe oder Vereisung der Straße, Nebel etc. gewinnen.From unpublished DE 195 08 486 it is known to use a sample vehicle fleet to determine traffic situation or road condition data, in which sample vehicles referred to as "floating cars" transmit predetermined vehicle data and associated position data via radio to a receiving point of a higher-level traffic computer. With the help of this data, the higher-level traffic computer can then use predetermined algorithms to determine the traffic situation or, for example, draw conclusions about environmental conditions such as wetness or icing of the road, fog, etc.

Dazu ist es zum Beispiel möglich, kontinuierlich oder in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Datensätze, die die Positionsdaten der Fahrzeuge der Fahrzeugflotte und die entsprechenden Fahrzeugdaten aufweisen, von den Fahrzeugen über Funk an die Empfangsstelle des übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners zu übermitteln. Ein solches System hat verschiedene Nachteile. Erstens hat ein Funknetz wie zum Beispiel ein GSM-Netz keine unbegrenzte Kapazität, so daß es zu einer Überlastung des Netzes kommen kann. Zweitens muß der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner anhand der vorbestimmten Algorithmen aus den empfangenen Datensätzen die gewünschten Informationen oder Vorhersagen errechnen. Dabei wird die Rechenlast des übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners umso größer, je größer die zu verarbeitende Datenmenge ist. Die von jedem Stichprobenfahrzeug der Flotte nach einem festen Schema übermittelten Datensätze enthalten aber zumindestens teilweise momentan überflüssige Daten, die die Rechenlast unnötig erhöhen, was u. a. insbesondere dann der Fall ist, wenn mehrere Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte dieselbe Straße befahren.For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to transmit data records containing the position data of the vehicles of the vehicle fleet and the corresponding vehicle data continuously or at predetermined time intervals from the vehicles to the receiving point of the higher-level traffic computer by radio. Such a system has several disadvantages. First, a radio network such as a GSM network does not have unlimited capacity, so that the network can be overloaded. Second, the higher-level traffic calculator must be based on the Predetermined algorithms calculate the desired information or predictions from the received data sets. The higher the amount of data to be processed, the greater the computing load of the higher-level traffic computer. The data records transmitted by each sample vehicle in the fleet according to a fixed scheme, however, at least partially contain superfluous data that unnecessarily increase the computing load, which is especially the case when several vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet are traveling on the same road.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung der aus den Fahrzeugen einer Fahrzeugflotte an einen übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragenden Datenmenge anzugeben, ohne daß bei schwierigen Verkehrslagen oder Straßenzuständen ein Datendefizit auftritt.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from the vehicles of a vehicle fleet to a higher-level traffic computer without a data deficit occurring in difficult traffic situations or road conditions.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Unteransprüche 2 bis 10 ist dieses Verfahren in vorteilhafter Weise weiter ausgestaltbar.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in claim 1. Due to the characterizing features of subclaims 2 to 10, this method can advantageously be further developed.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, daß den Fahrzeugen der Fahrzeugflotte kollektiv, oder wenn diese eine organisatorische Einheit bilden individuell, vorgegeben wird, welche der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten unter welchen Bedingungen an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragen sind. Eine Datenübertragung kann beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von einer zurückgelegten Wegstrecke und/oder Zeitspanne ausgelöst werden. Insbesondere können die Fahrzeuge auch eine Vorgabe darüber erhalten, an welchen geographischen Positionen oder zu welchen Zeitpunkten die Erfassung der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zu erfolgen hat. Die Vorgabe erfolgt zumindest zeitweise durch drahtlose Übertragung von einer außerhalb der Fahrzeuge fest angeordneten Vorgabeeinrichtung.The invention provides that the vehicles of the vehicle fleet collectively, or if they form an organizational unit individually, are given which of the resulting vehicle and position data are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer and under what conditions. A data transmission can be triggered, for example, as a function of a distance traveled and / or a period of time. In particular, the vehicles can also be given a specification of the geographical positions or the times at which the occurring vehicle and position data have to be recorded. The specification is made, at least temporarily, by wireless transmission from a specification device that is permanently arranged outside the vehicles.

Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß zu jedem Zeitpunkt die zu übertragende Datenmenge an die aktuelle Verlehrslage, den aktuellen Straßenzustand und die räumliche Verteilung der Fahrzeugflotte optimal angepaßt werden kann. Durch Vorgabe eines geographischen Positionsbereichs ist es beispielsweise auch möglich, nur diejenigen Fahrzeuge zur Übertragung ihrer Daten zu veranlassen, die sich in einem vorgegebenen geographischen Gebiet aufhalten oder eine bestimmte Straße befahren. Die Übertragung redundanter Daten wird dadurch nahezu vermieden. Den Fahrzeugen werden je nach Erfordernis verschiedene "Rollen" bei der Stichprobenentnahme zugewiesen; die Rollenzuweisung erfolgt bei der kollektiven Vorgabe völlig anonym, d.h. eine aufwendige Identifizierung der Fahrzeuge erfolgt bei der kollektiven Vorgabe nicht.This ensures that the amount of data to be transmitted can be optimally adapted to the current traffic situation, the current road conditions and the spatial distribution of the vehicle fleet at any time. By specifying a geographical position range, it is also possible, for example, to only have those vehicles transmit their data that are in a predetermined geographical area or a specific road drive on. The transfer of redundant data is almost avoided. Depending on the requirements, the vehicles are assigned various "roles" in sampling; the role assignment is completely anonymous with the collective specification, ie there is no complex identification of the vehicles with the collective specification.

Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Vorgaben der Vorgabeeinrichtung über ein Mobilkommunikationsgerät, insbesondere über Funktelefon oder Radio, an die Fahrzeuge übermittelt. Ein Funktelefon hat den Vorteil einer Zweiwegekommunikation. Die Übertragung über Radio oder Verkehrsfunk entlastet dagegen das Funktelefonnetz und erfordert lediglich einen Dekoder für das ohnehin meist vorhandene Empfangsgerät, z.B. ein Autoradio. Die Funktelefonnetzbelastung, insbesondere bei verschiedenen Funktelefonnetzen mit kleiner Reichweite, kann darüberhinaus zur Informationsgewinnung beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Verkehrsdichte verwendet werden.The specifications of the specification device are expediently transmitted to the vehicles via a mobile communication device, in particular via radio telephone or radio. A radio telephone has the advantage of two-way communication. Transmission via radio or traffic radio, on the other hand, relieves the load on the radio telephone network and only requires a decoder for the receiver device that is usually present anyway, e.g. a car radio. The radio telephone network load, in particular in the case of various radio telephone networks with a short range, can also be used to obtain information, for example with regard to the traffic density.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß mit der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge jeweils nur der räumliche oder zeitliche Abstand der Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten übermittelt wird. Der räumliche oder zeitliche Abstand der Datenübertragung an einen übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner ist dabei für alle Fahrzeuge oder für eine Fahrzeugart (LKW oder PKW) oder für alle sich in einem vorgegebenen geographischen Gebiet aufhaltenden Fahrzeuge konstant und wird den Fahrzeugen situationsabhängig vorgegeben. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine mit relativ einfachen Mitteln zu erzielende Anpassung an die aktuelle Verlehrslage, den aktuellen Straßenzustand und/oder die räumliche Verteilung der Fahrzeugflotte.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that only the spatial or temporal spacing of the transmission of the vehicle and position data is transmitted to the vehicles. The spatial or temporal spacing of the data transmission to a higher-level traffic computer is constant for all vehicles or for one type of vehicle (truck or car) or for all vehicles in a given geographical area and is given to the vehicles depending on the situation. This is an adaptation to the current traffic situation, the current road condition and / or the spatial distribution of the vehicle fleet that can be achieved with relatively simple means.

Zur Erzielung einer noch besseren Anpassung der Stichprobennahme an die aktuelle Verlehrslage und den aktuellen Straßenzustand ist es vorgesehen, daß mit der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge für bestimmte Fahrzeug- und/oder Positionsdaten Grenzwerte übermittelt werden, bei deren Über- oder Unterschreitung eine Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten erfolgt. Eine solche Vorgabe gibt den Fahrzeugen der Fahrzeugflotte die Möglichkeit, bei Auftreten bestimmter vorgegebener Situationen, die für die Verkehrslage oder den Straßenzustand gemäß Vorgabe relevant sind, sofort mit der Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und/oder Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu reagieren, ansonsten aber das Funktelefonnetz nicht unnötig zu belasten.In order to achieve an even better adaptation of the sampling to the current traffic situation and the current road condition, it is provided that limit values are transmitted to the vehicles for certain vehicle and / or position data, which exceed or fall below a transmission of the vehicle and position data. Such a specification gives the vehicles of the vehicle fleet the possibility of immediately upon transmission of the vehicle and / or in the event of certain specified situations which are relevant for the traffic situation or the road condition according to the specification Position data to respond to the higher-level traffic computer, but otherwise not unnecessarily burden the radio telephone network.

Für eine relevante Einschätzung der Entwicklung der Verkehrssituation wird durch die Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß in der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge ein typisches Fahrprofil (z.B. Stau oder zähfließender Verkehr oder Stadtverkehr) übermittelt oder aus einem im Fahrzeug vorhandenen Bestand aktiviert wird, bei deren Vorliegen jeweils eine unverzügliche Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten erfolgt. Dadurch wird die Möglichkeit geschaffen, sofort und gezielt auf spezifische Verkehrssituationen reagieren zu können.For a relevant assessment of the development of the traffic situation, the invention proposes that a typical driving profile (for example traffic jam or slow-moving traffic or city traffic) is transmitted to the vehicle or activated from an existing stock in the vehicle, if there is one immediately Vehicle and position data are transferred. This creates the possibility of being able to react immediately and specifically to specific traffic situations.

Eine zusätzliche Entlastung des Funktelefonnetzes wird dadurch erreicht, daß in der Vorgabe eine zeitweilige Stummschaltung von Fahrzeugen vorgesehen ist. Das ist besonders bei Überlastung des Funktelefonnetzes oder aber bei sehr geringem Verkehrsaufkommen von Vorteil.An additional relief of the radio telephone network is achieved in that provision is made for a temporary muting of vehicles. This is particularly advantageous when the radio telephone network is overloaded or when there is very little traffic.

Zur Vereinfachung der Datenerfassung und -aufbereitung in den Fahrzeugen wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Datenaustausch mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zweckmäßigerweise durch einen in den Fahrzeugen vorgesehenen Bordcomputer gesteuert wird.In order to simplify the data acquisition and processing in the vehicles, it is proposed that the data exchange with the higher-level traffic computer is expediently controlled by an on-board computer provided in the vehicles.

Um die Steuerung der Datenerfassung schnell und effektiv u.a. mit Verkehrsplanungen, -steuerungen und -prognosen verbinden zu können, ist es vorgesehen, daß die Vorgabeeinrichtung datentechnisch mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner verbunden wird.To control data collection quickly and effectively, i.a. To be able to connect with traffic planning, controls and forecasts, it is provided that the specification device is connected to the higher-level traffic computer in terms of data technology.

Schließlich wird mit Vorteil vorgeschlagen, daß die Vorgaben individuell an die Fahrzeuge der Fahrzeugflotte übermittelt werden, wenn die Fahrzeugflotte eine organisatorische Einheit bildet, insbesondere bei Busunternehmen, Speditionen und dergleichen.Finally, it is advantageously proposed that the specifications be transmitted individually to the vehicles of the vehicle fleet if the vehicle fleet forms an organizational unit, in particular for bus companies, freight forwarders and the like.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels, das in der einzigen Figur illustriert ist. Die Figur zeigt schematisch den Verlauf mehrerer Straßen und einer Autobahn und die Positionen der Fahrzeuge zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt. Entlang des Verlaufs der Autobahnteilstrecke und der Straßenteilstrecken sind die Positionen der Fahrzeuge zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in Form von schwarzen Punkten dargestellt, die sich in einer Verlaufsrichtung der Autobahn- und Straßenteilstrecken bewegen. Die Gesamtheit aller Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten einer Fahrzeugflotte beispielsweise mit fünfhundert Fahrzeugen würde bereits eine sehr große zum Beispiel in einer einer Funktelefonnetzzelle gleichzeitig zu übertragende und von dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu verarbeitende Datenmenge bedeuten.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the description of an exemplary embodiment, which is illustrated in the single figure. The figure shows schematically the course of several roads and a motorway and the positions of the vehicles at a certain point in time. Along the course of the Motorway section and the road sections are the positions of the vehicles at a certain time in the form of black dots that move in a direction of the highway and road sections. The entirety of all vehicle and position data of a vehicle fleet, for example with five hundred vehicles, would already mean a very large amount of data, for example to be transmitted simultaneously in a radio telephone network cell and to be processed by the higher-level traffic computer.

Ein Fahrzeug einer Stichprobenflotte weist in dem Fahrzeug installierte Sensoren, die kontinuierlich veränderliche Zustandsgrößen wie z. B. die Geschwindigkeit, die Motordrehzahl, die Außentemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit etc. erfassen, auf. Das Fahrzeug weist weiter Sensoren auf, die diskrete Zustandsgrößen, wie z. B. die Stellung verschiedener Schalter (Scheibenwischer, Licht, Nebellicht, Heckscheibenheizung, etc.) erfassen. Das Fahrzeug ist weiterhin mit Vorrichtungen ausgestattet, die den Betrieb von aktiven Vorrichtungen (Aktoren) wie z. B. des Airbags, des Unfalldatenschreibers (UDS), des Antiblockiersystems (ABS), der Antriebsschlupfregelung (ASR), etc. in dem Fahrzeug, anzeigen. Außerdem besitzt das Fahrzeug als Positionsbestimmungssystem z.B. einen GPS-Empfänger (GPS gleich Global Positioning System) als Positionsbestimmungsvorrichtung. Der GPS-Empfänger erzeugt fortlaufend in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Positionsdaten, die die momentane Position (Länge, Breite, Zeit) des Fahrzeugs in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem (Längengrade. Breitengrade) enthält. Die von den Sensoren und den Vorrichtungen zum Anzeigen des Betriebs der Aktoren erzeugten Daten bilden die Fahrzeugdaten, aus denen ein übergeordneter Verkehrsrechner oder ein System von dezentral angeordneten Rechnern in Verbindung mit den entsprechenden Positionsdaten (einschließlich der zugeordneten Zeitdaten) Informationen oder Vorhersagen über die Verkehrslage und den Straßenzustand errechnen kann.A vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle which continuously change state variables such as e.g. B. capture the speed, engine speed, outside temperature, humidity, etc. The vehicle also has sensors that detect discrete state variables, such as. B. the position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, rear window heating, etc.). The vehicle is also equipped with devices that allow the operation of active devices (actuators) such. B. the airbag, the accident data recorder (UDS), the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the traction control system (ASR), etc. in the vehicle. In addition, the vehicle has a position determination system e.g. a GPS receiver (GPS = Global Positioning System) as a positioning device. The GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals, which contains the current position (longitude, latitude, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined coordinate system (longitude. Latitude). The data generated by the sensors and the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the vehicle data, from which a higher-level traffic computer or a system of decentrally arranged computers in conjunction with the corresponding position data (including the associated time data) provides information or predictions about the traffic situation and can calculate the road condition.

Zur Datenerfassung und -voraufbereitung ist in den Fahrzeugen ein Bordcomputer installiert. Der Bordcomputer steuert und überwacht zusätzlich die Datenübertragung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner, die über ein Funktelefonnetz stattfindet. Mittels eines Radioempfängers, der mit einem entsprechenden Decoder ausgerüstet ist, empfängt der Bordcomputer die jeweiligen Vorgaben des übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners. Alternativ ist es dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner jederzeit möglich, die Vorgaben über Funktelefon an die Fahrzeuge der Fahrzeugflotte kollektiv oder individuell zu übermitteln; individuell insbesondere dann, wenn die Fahrzeugflotte eine organisatorische Einheit bildet, was z.B. bei Busunternehmen, Speditionen und dergleichen der Fall ist.An on-board computer is installed in the vehicles for data acquisition and preparation. The on-board computer also controls and monitors the data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer, which takes place via a radio telephone network. The on-board computer receives the respective specifications of the higher-level traffic computer by means of a radio receiver which is equipped with a corresponding decoder. Alternatively, it is possible for the higher-level traffic computer to collectively specify the specifications for the vehicles in the vehicle fleet via radio telephones or to be transmitted individually; individually, in particular when the vehicle fleet forms an organizational unit, which is the case, for example, with bus companies, freight forwarders and the like.

Die Vorgaben an die Fahrzeuge enthalten im wesentlichen Instruktionen darüber, welche der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragen sind, und zwar nach welchen zurückgelegten Wegstrecken und/oder Zeitspannen. Die Vorgabe einer maximalen Zeitspanne ist für die Fälle vorgesehen, in denen aufgrund eines Staus und bei Ausfall eines Fahrzeugs die vorgegebene Wegstrecke erst nach sehr langer Zeit bzw. nicht zurückgelegt wird. In speziellen Situationen wird den Fahrzeugen vorgegeben, an welchen geographischen Positionen, in welchen geographischen Bereichen oder zu welchen Zeitpunkten die Erfassung der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten und/oder die Übertragung der Daten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu erfolgen hat. Zur weiteren Reduzierung der an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragenden Datenmengen können die Vorgaben auch besondere Bedingungen (z.B. nur bestimmte Fahrzeugarten wie LKW oder PKW, nur Fahrzeuge mit Zielführungssystem oder bestimmten anderen technischen Ausstattungen) enthalten, so daß nur bei Vorliegen dieser Bedingungen im jeweiligen Fahrzeug, eine Datenübertragung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner erfolgt, was anhand der im Fahrzeug erfaßten Daten vom Bordcomputer kontrolliert wird.The specifications for the vehicles essentially contain instructions as to which of the vehicle and position data are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer, namely after which distances and / or time periods have been covered. The specification of a maximum time span is provided for the cases in which, due to a traffic jam and in the event of a vehicle failure, the specified route is only taken after a very long time or not. In special situations, the vehicles are specified at which geographic positions, in which geographic areas or at what times the acquisition of the resulting vehicle and position data and / or the transmission of the data to the higher-level traffic computer must take place. To further reduce the amount of data to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer, the specifications can also contain special conditions (e.g. only certain types of vehicle such as trucks or cars, only vehicles with route guidance systems or certain other technical equipment), so that only if these conditions exist in the respective vehicle, a data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer takes place, which is checked by the on-board computer on the basis of the data recorded in the vehicle.

Bei Änderung der Verkehrssituation auf einer Straße oder in einem bestimmten geographischen Gebiet können die Vorgaben an die Fahrzeuge dahingehend verändert werden, daß nur die Fahrzeuge auf dieser Straße oder in diesem Gebiet ihre Daten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner übermitteln, so daß eine dynamische Anpassung der übertragenen Datenmenge an die Erfordernisse der Verkehrserfassung möglich ist und gleichzeitig das Funktelefonnetz so wenig wie möglich belastet wird.If the traffic situation on a street or in a certain geographical area changes, the specifications for the vehicles can be changed such that only the vehicles on this street or in this area transmit their data to the higher-level traffic computer, so that a dynamic adaptation of the amount of data transmitted to the requirements of traffic recording is possible and at the same time the radio telephone network is loaded as little as possible.

Wenn in der Figur der Fahrzeugverkehr auf der Straße, auf der sich die Fahrzeuge F12 - F15 befinden, keine Besonderheiten aufweist, so daß die Daten dieser vier Fahrzeuge alle innerhalb eines schmalen Toleranzbandes liegen und folglich im Rahmen der vorgegebenen Genauigkeit als gleich anzusehen sind, wird die Vorgabe für diese vier Fahrzeuge so aussehen, daß nur die Positionsdaten in relativ großen Zeitabständen an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übermitteln sind. Die Fahrzeuge werden mit der Vorgabe außerdem Grenzwerte beispielsweise für die mittlere Geschwindigkeit sowie für die mittlere Schwankungsbreite der mittleren Geschwindigkeit übermittelt bekommen, bei deren Über- oder Unterschreitung eine sofortige Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu erfolgen hat. Damit ist abgesichert, daß bei Vorliegen entsprechender Bedingungen der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner informiert und sofort mit den entsprechenden Daten versorgt wird, die Datenübermittlung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner ansonsten aber nur in vorgegebenen relativ großen Zeitabständen erfolgt. Das Funktelefonnetz wird dadurch nur so wenig wie möglich belastet.If in the figure the vehicle traffic on the street on which the vehicles F12-F15 are located has no special features, so that the data of these four vehicles are all within a narrow tolerance band and are therefore to be regarded as the same within the given accuracy the default for these four vehicles is such that only the position data in relatively large Time intervals are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer. The vehicle will also be given limit values, for example for the average speed and for the average fluctuation range of the average speed, which, if exceeded or undershot, have to be transmitted immediately to the higher-level traffic computer when the vehicle and position data are exceeded. This ensures that if the relevant conditions are met, the higher-level traffic computer is informed and immediately supplied with the corresponding data, but otherwise the data is transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer only at predetermined, relatively large time intervals. The radio telephone network is thereby only burdened as little as possible.

Bei einem Unfall auf der Autobahn zwischen den Fahrzeugen F3 und F4 kann der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner die Fahrzeuge F1 bis F3 mittels Vorgabe auffordern, in sehr kurzen Zeitabständen bestimmte Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zu übermitteln, während die Vorgaben der Fahrzeuge F4 bis F7 zunächst keine Änderung erfahren. Die durch den Unfall verursachte hohe Datendichte kann den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner überlasten, wenn gemäß ihrer Vorgabe die Fahrzeuge F12 bis F14 ihre Daten zu diesem Zeitpunkt ebenfalls übertragen wollen. Um das zu verhindern, kann der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner in einem solchen Fall die Fahrzeuge F12 bis F14 durch eine entsprechende Vorgabe zeitweilig stummschalten, d.h. jegliche Datenübermittlung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner unterbinden. Die differenzierte Ansprechen eines Teils der Fahrzeuge (F12 bis F14) erfolgt hierbei nicht durch individuelle Ansprache der einzelnen Fahrzeuge beispielsweise mittels Funktelefon, sondern dadurch, daß die kollektiven Vorgaben Bedingungen enthalten, durch welche ein Teil der Fahrzeuge (F12 bis F14) zum zeitweiligen Unterlassen der Datenübermittlung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner angewiesen wird.In the event of an accident on the motorway between vehicles F3 and F4, the higher-level traffic computer can request vehicles F1 to F3 to transmit certain vehicle and position data at very short intervals, while the specifications of vehicles F4 to F7 initially do not change. The high data density caused by the accident can overload the higher-level traffic computer if, according to their specifications, vehicles F12 to F14 also want to transmit their data at this time. In order to prevent this, the higher-level traffic computer can temporarily mute vehicles F12 to F14 by means of a corresponding specification, i.e. prevent any data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer. The differentiated response of some of the vehicles (F12 to F14) does not take place through individual addressing of the individual vehicles, for example using a radio telephone, but because the collective specifications contain conditions by which some of the vehicles (F12 to F14) temporarily refrain from Data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer is instructed.

Durch diese dynamische Anpassung der Vorgaben an unterschiedlichste Verkehrssituationen und Straßenverhältnisse kann der Informationsfluß an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner optimiert und damit die Belastung des Funktelefonnetzes minimiert werden.Through this dynamic adaptation of the specifications to the most varied traffic situations and road conditions, the flow of information to the higher-level traffic computer can be optimized and the load on the radio telephone network can thus be minimized.

Die Vorgaben werden vom übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner an eine Vorgabeeinrichtung übergeben und von der Vorgabeeinrichtung über Radio an die Fahrzeuge übertragen. Eine Quittierung des Eingangs der Vorgaben durch die Fahrzeuge ist im Regelfall nicht vorgesehen, stellt aber eine mögliche Variante dar, beispielsweise in Gebieten mit schlechten Empfangsbedingungen. Die Vorgabeeinrichtung ist außerhalb der Fahrzeuge fest angeordnet und datentechnisch direkt mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner verbunden.The specifications are transferred from the higher-order traffic computer to a specification device and from the specification device via radio to the Transfer vehicles. An acknowledgment of the receipt of the specifications by the vehicles is generally not provided, but is a possible variant, for example in areas with poor reception conditions. The specification device is permanently arranged outside the vehicles and is directly connected to the higher-level traffic computer in terms of data technology.

Der Empfang der von der Vorgabeeinrichtung ausgestrahlten Vorgaben erfolgt über das in den Fahrzeugen vorhandene Radioempfangsgerät, wobei der integrierte Dekoder die Vorgaben aus den Empfangssignalen herausfiltert. Von dem Radioempfangsgerät werden die Vorgaben über den im Fahrzeug installierten Datenbus dem Bordcomputer übergeben.The presets emitted by the presetting device are received via the radio receiving device present in the vehicles, the integrated decoder filtering the presets out of the reception signals. The specifications are transferred from the radio receiver to the on-board computer via the data bus installed in the vehicle.

Der Bordcomputer überprüft ständig anhand der übermittelten Vorgaben, ob die zwischengespeicherten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner übermittelt werden müssen. Im Speicher des Bordcomputers werden die Fahrzeugdaten jeweils einem Datensatz bestehend aus Zeit- und Positionsdaten zugeordnet. Die Positionsdaten werden auf Anforderung des Bordcomputers vom GPS - Empfänger unmittelbar zur Verfügung gestellt und im Speicher des Bordcomputers abgelegt. Treffen die in den Vorgaben gemachten Vorrausetzungen zu, stellt der Bordcomputer über Funktelefon die datentechnische Verbindung zum übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner her und übergibt nacheinander die in der Vorgabe angeforderten Datensätze. Je nach Vorgabe erfolgt eine Aufbereitung der Daten bereits durch den Bordcomputer. So kann aufgrund der Positionsdaten beispielsweise die Straße bestimmt werden, auf der sich das Fahrzeug gerade befindet.The on-board computer constantly checks based on the transmitted specifications whether the temporarily stored vehicle and position data must be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer. In the memory of the on-board computer, the vehicle data are each assigned to a data set consisting of time and position data. At the request of the on-board computer, the GPS receiver provides the position data directly and stores them in the memory of the on-board computer. If the requirements set out in the specifications apply, the on-board computer uses radio telephones to establish the data connection to the higher-level traffic computer and successively transfers the data records requested in the specifications. Depending on the specification, the data is already processed by the on-board computer. For example, the street on which the vehicle is currently located can be determined on the basis of the position data.

Claims (11)

Verfahren zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Fahrzeugflotte, insbesondere einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge von Fahrzeugdaten, die Informationen über den Betriebszustand und/oder die Umgebung der Fahrzeuge enthalten, und Positionsdaten, die Informationen über die Position der Fahrzeuge in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem jeweils zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt enthalten, nach Erfassen der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten im Fahrzeug für die drahtlose Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an einen übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß den Fahrzeugen der Fahrzeugflotte vorgegeben wird, welche der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten unter welchen Bedingungen an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragen sind,
und daß die Vorgaben von einer außerhalb der Fahrzeuge fest angeordneten Vorgabeeinrichtung drahtlos beeinflußbar sind.Method for reducing a data volume of vehicle data to be transmitted from vehicles of a vehicle fleet, in particular a sample vehicle fleet, which contains information about the operating state and / or the environment of the vehicles, and position data which provide information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system in each case to a specific one Contain the point in time after the acquisition of the vehicle and position data in the vehicle for the wireless transmission of the vehicle and position data to a higher-level traffic computer,
characterized,
that the vehicles of the vehicle fleet are given which of the resulting vehicle and position data are to be transmitted under which conditions to the higher-level traffic computer,
and that the specifications can be influenced wirelessly by a specification device which is fixedly arranged outside the vehicles. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
daß die Vorgaben Angaben darüber enthalten, an welchen geographischen Positionen und/oder zu welchen Zeitpunkten und/oder nach welchen zurückgelegten Wegstrecken und/oder bei Eintritt welcher Ereignisse eine Datenübertragung erfolgen soll.Method according to claim 1,
that the specifications contain information about the geographical positions and / or the times and / or the distances traveled and / or the occurrence of data transmission when events occur. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Vorgaben über ein Funktelefon an die einzelnen Fahrzeuge übermittelt werden.The method of claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the specifications are transmitted to the individual vehicles via a radio telephone. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
daß die Vorgaben über ein Mobilkommunikationsgerät, insbesondere Verkehrsfunk, an die Fahrzeuge übermittelt werden.The method of claim 1 or 2,
that the specifications are transmitted to the vehicles via a mobile communication device, in particular traffic radio. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß mit der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge jeweils der räumliche oder zeitliche Abstand für die regelmäßige Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten übermittelt wird.The method of claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that with the specification of the vehicles, the spatial or temporal Distance for the regular transmission of vehicle and position data is transmitted. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß mit der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge für bestimmte Fahrzeug- und/oder Positionsdaten Grenzwerte übermittelt werden, bei deren Über- oder Unterschreitung eine Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that limit values are transmitted to the vehicles for certain vehicle and / or position data, if the limit values are exceeded or undershot, the vehicle and position data are transmitted. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge ein Fahrprofil als Vergleichsmuster übermittelt wird, bei dessen Vorliegen eine Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that in the specification, a driving profile is transmitted to the vehicles as a comparison pattern, in the presence of which there is a transmission of the vehicle and position data. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der Vorgabe eine zeitweilige Stummschaltung von Fahrzeugen vorgesehen ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that a temporary muting of vehicles is provided in the specification. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Datenerfassung und -aufbereitung in den Fahrzeugen und der Datenaustausch mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner durch einen Bordcomputer gesteuert wird.A method according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the data acquisition and processing in the vehicles and the data exchange with the higher-level traffic computer is controlled by an on-board computer. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Vorgabeeinrichtung datentechnisch mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner verbunden ist.Method according to claim 9,
characterized,
that the specification device is data-technically connected to the higher-level traffic computer. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Vorgaben individuell an die Fahrzeuge der Fahrzeugflotte übermittelt werden, wenn die Fahrzeugflotte eine organisatorische Einheit bildet.Method according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that the specifications are transmitted individually to the vehicles of the vehicle fleet if the vehicle fleet forms an organizational unit.
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DE19513640A1 (en) 1996-06-05
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