EP0715288A1 - Method and device for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of sample vehicles - Google Patents

Method and device for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of sample vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0715288A1
EP0715288A1 EP95250283A EP95250283A EP0715288A1 EP 0715288 A1 EP0715288 A1 EP 0715288A1 EP 95250283 A EP95250283 A EP 95250283A EP 95250283 A EP95250283 A EP 95250283A EP 0715288 A1 EP0715288 A1 EP 0715288A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
data
position data
vehicle behavior
computer
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EP95250283A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0715288B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Dipl.-Ing. Hort
Werner Dr.Rer.Nat. Schulz
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Heimann
Andreas Dipl.-Phys. Widl
Karlheinz Dipl.-Math. Schlottbom
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ATX Europe GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Priority claimed from DE19521919A external-priority patent/DE19521919C2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/20—Monitoring the location of vehicles belonging to a group, e.g. fleet of vehicles, countable or determined number of vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for reducing a quantity of data of vehicle data to be transmitted from vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet, which data contain information about the operating state and / or about the surroundings of the vehicles, and position data, the information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system at a certain point in time, at which the vehicle and position data are acquired at certain intervals, which correspond to a predetermined time period or a predetermined distance, and are transmitted to a traffic computer.
  • a radio network such as a GSM network
  • the traffic computer must use the predetermined algorithms to calculate the desired information or predictions from the received data records.
  • the traffic load of the traffic computer increases the greater the amount of data to be processed.
  • the data records transmitted by each "floating car" in the fleet according to a fixed scheme almost always contain a portion of what is currently redundant, so-called redundant data, which unnecessarily increase the computing load, which is particularly the case if several vehicles in the sample vehicle fleet are on the same street or also drive on the same type of road.
  • a device for performing the method is to be specified.
  • the invention provides that the detected vehicle and position data are already assigned in the vehicle to at least one predetermined class of vehicle and position data that correspond to a certain typical vehicle behavior. These classes are called vehicle behavior patterns.
  • the assigned vehicle behavior pattern is at least partially transmitted to the traffic computer in coded form with the position data of the sample vehicle.
  • a particularly strong reduction in the amount of data to be transmitted to the traffic computer is achieved in that only the identifier of the assigned predefined vehicle behavior pattern with the position data of the sample vehicle is transmitted to the traffic computer.
  • the electronic data acquisition and processing is further simplified in that the assignment of the detected vehicle and position data to at least one of the predefined vehicle behavior patterns is carried out by an on-board computer that is already present in the vehicle, so that the required hardware expenditure remains low.
  • a particularly low computing effort in the vehicle behavior pattern assignment of the detected vehicle and position data can be achieved in that the assignment to at least one of the predetermined vehicle behavior patterns is carried out by the on-board computer with the aid of the fuzzy logic.
  • the transmission of the data to the traffic computer can expediently be further reduced by comparing the predefined vehicle behavior pattern currently assigned to the detected vehicle and position data with the predefined vehicle behavior pattern assigned directly to the detected vehicle and position data, and data transmission only if the two vehicle behavior patterns do not match to the traffic computer.
  • the classified data is therefore only transmitted if there has been a change in the vehicle behavior pattern, which is normally the case, for example, if the type of road was changed by the sample vehicle or the traffic situation (traffic density) has changed.
  • the traffic computer knows the exact position data of the sample vehicle and, because the vehicle behavior pattern is not transmitted, knows that the last vehicle behavior pattern transmitted is still valid.
  • the predetermined vehicle behavior pattern assigned to the recorded vehicle and position data is provided with a traffic computer Specifically predefined vehicle behavior patterns are compared and data transmission to the traffic computer takes place only if these two vehicle behavior patterns match.
  • the specification can e.g. by transmitting the identifier of this vehicle behavior pattern to all sample vehicles.
  • the vehicle behavior patterns are predefined by the traffic computer, advantageously via an installed radio telephone network or another wireless connection.
  • the vehicle behavior patterns are determined by the on-board computer itself by classifying the vehicle data that is constantly occurring in the vehicle.
  • the on-board computer uses the computed vehicle data with the aid of predefined computing algorithms to find typical classifications (vehicle behavior patterns) for the vehicle behavior that are used as the basis for the assignment, that is to say act as predefined vehicle behavior patterns.
  • vehicle behavior patterns determined in this way are automatically adapted by the on-board computer when the conditions change.
  • the predefined computation algorithms ensure that only data that are required to record the traffic situation are transmitted to the traffic computer.
  • the (predefined) vehicle behavior patterns determined by the on-board computer are each transmitted to the traffic computer together with the associated location coordinates.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the vehicle behavior patterns specified by the traffic computer are independent of the driver's driving behavior. That will e.g. achieved when the specified vehicle behavior patterns were averaged over many drivers.
  • the specification of such vehicle behavior patterns which are independent of the driver's driving behavior makes it possible for driving behavior patterns which correspond to the typical driving behavior of the driver to be determined from the constantly occurring vehicle and position data by comparison with the predetermined vehicle behavior patterns; and that the driver's driving behavior patterns can be transferred to the on-board computer of the new or old vehicle in anonymized form with each vehicle or driver change.
  • the transfer could take the form of magnetic cards or the like, which are inserted into a corresponding reading and writing device in the vehicle and produce a concordance between the generally applicable predefined vehicle behavior patterns and the individual driving behavior corresponding to them.
  • a vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle; the sensors record continuously changing state variables such as B. the speed, the steering wheel angle, the engine speed, the outside temperature, the humidity, etc.
  • the vehicle also has sensors that discrete state variables such. B. Detect the position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, rear window heating, hazard warning lights, etc.).
  • the vehicle is also equipped with devices that indicate the operation of active devices (actuators) in the vehicle, such as the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the traction control system (ASR), the airbag, the accident data recorder (UDS) etc.
  • the GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals, which contain the current position (longitude, latitude, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined coordinate system (longitudes, latitudes), as well as possibly directional and / or speed data about the current direction of movement of the vehicle .
  • the data generated by the sensors, the GPS receiver (movement data) and the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the vehicle data which, in conjunction with the corresponding position data (including the associated time data), contain information about the traffic situation and the road condition.
  • the vehicle data are queried at regular intervals by an on-board computer and stored, for example, in a ring memory or in a normal memory organized as a ring memory in the form of data records, so that all vehicle data accumulated over a certain previous period are available.
  • the corresponding vehicle data belong to each data record in a precisely defined order: the time data, the position data, the speed, the direction of movement and so on.
  • the ring buffer will continuously filled with new data records, for example, by overwriting the oldest data records, so that only the chronological progression of the vehicle data over the immediately preceding period is available for evaluation.
  • the on-board computer fetches the contents of the ring memory into the working memory and assigns the vehicle data to the class to which the data belong.
  • the predefined vehicle behavior patterns are advantageously stored in corresponding tables, so that the on-board computer can quickly assign them to at least one of the predefined behavior patterns with the aid of the fuzzy logic.
  • the classes are specified by the traffic computer and each comprise the entirety of vehicle data which correspond to a specific typical vehicle behavior. This means that a single class is assigned to a multiplicity of combinations of the vehicle data, all of the vehicle data belonging to a class which correspond to the same typical behavior of a vehicle in road traffic.
  • the classes specified by the traffic computer cover all practically possible combinations of vehicle data; each vehicle data combination can be assigned to at least one predefined class. Two classes can be assigned to the data, for example, if a journey on the highway has only taken place in the recorded time period and the vehicle has subsequently been parked at a rest stop. The classes are referred to as vehicle behavior patterns. The assignment of the data recorded in the vehicle is associated with a strong reduction in the amount of data.
  • the classification of the vehicle data corresponds to a higher data quality, that is to say the processed data in the form of the class assignment only have the characteristics which are essential for further processing by the traffic computer, for example for determining the traffic situation.
  • a computer program stored in the memory is started in the sample vehicle by the on-board computer, which classifies the data according to a predetermined algorithm. If an unambiguous assignment of the vehicle data fails, the vehicle data are either transmitted unprepared or, in this case, no data is transmitted to the traffic computer at all.
  • the classes are specified, i.e. the vehicle behavior pattern is not determined by the traffic computer, but the classes are determined by the on-board computer based on the vehicle data.
  • the on-board computer evaluates the vehicle data in such a way that it uses typical, i.e. Recurring data combinations are determined and assigned a class, a vehicle behavior pattern.
  • the class assignment of the vehicle data can e.g. are supported in that the driver informs the on-board computer in the class recognition phase at the push of a button which driving maneuver he is currently carrying out or which type of road he is currently traveling with the vehicle, in order to record the behavioral patterns of the sample vehicle more quickly and more specifically.
  • the complete data sets of the vehicle and position data are not transmitted to the traffic computer, but only the assigned vehicle behavior pattern in the form of an identifier together with the position data of the sample vehicle.
  • the data transmission takes place via radio telephone.
  • the current vehicle behavior pattern is compared cyclically or under special conditions with the vehicle behavior pattern which was determined just before that from the on-board computer from the vehicle data as the penultimate one. If the two patterns match, either no information is transmitted to the traffic computer, or only the position data of the sample vehicle are communicated to the traffic computer.
  • the latter has the advantage that the traffic computer also knows the current geographical positions of the fleet's sample vehicles.
  • the traffic computer can, however, also specify one of the vehicle behavior patterns specifically for the sample vehicles, so that a message to the traffic computer stating the current vehicle position is only given if the current vehicle behavior pattern determined from the vehicle data matches the specially specified pattern. This is useful, for example, if the traffic computer for calculating the traffic situation is only interested in which roads and in which areas congestion occurs; in such a case, the sample vehicles only the vehicle behavior pattern "traffic jam" is specified, so that when a traffic jam occurs from the sample vehicles located there, data is transmitted to the traffic computer, but otherwise no data is transmitted.
  • the vehicle behavior patterns specified by the traffic computer can be independent of the driving behavior of the respective driver, in particular if a number of drivers was averaged when determining the behavior patterns of the sample vehicles.
  • the sample vehicles are expediently given driver-independent vehicle behavior patterns.
  • at least one driver behavior pattern is first determined from the current vehicle data on the basis of the driver-independent pattern specified by the traffic computer; these are then taken into account in the classification of the vehicle data.
  • the vehicle behavior pattern "Autobahn" corresponds to an average vehicle speed of 130 km / h.
  • An older or particularly careful driver drives on the highway e.g.
  • the driver behavior patterns of the new driver could be transmitted to the on-board computer of the vehicle by the traffic computer, provided there is a corresponding data exchange with identifying data between the vehicle and the traffic computer.
  • this is generally not desirable.
  • the driver behavior patterns are stored, for example, on a magnetic card or another mobile storage medium and that the driver has this storage medium read by a corresponding device in the vehicle when the vehicle is changed, so that the on-board computer uses this to typical driving behavior of this driver is informed.
  • the transfer of driver behavior patterns is therefore completely anonymous.
  • the figure shows an embodiment of a device for reducing a quantity of data of vehicle and position data to be transmitted from vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet.
  • the device has a transmitting and receiving unit 1 for data transmission.
  • the device comprises a central processor unit (CPU) 2, which is connected to a data bus 3.
  • a memory area 4 organized as a ring memory for storing the acquired data and a working memory area 5 are connected to the data bus 3, with a computing program in the working memory area 5 for assigning the vehicle data to one of the predetermined classes of vehicle and position data that correspond to a specific typical vehicle behavior correspond is filed.
  • sensors / actuators 6 are arranged in the vehicle, which are also connected to the data bus 3.
  • the device has a GPS receiver 7 for determining the position data and special vehicle data (speed, direction of movement).
  • the GPS receiver 7 is electrically connected to the central processor unit (CPU) 2 via the data bus 3.
  • CPU central processor unit
  • the device can be connected wirelessly to a traffic computer 8, which is equipped with a transmitting and receiving unit 9.

Abstract

The data reduction system is used for the data provided by the floating car relating to the traffic and road conditions and the vehicle position within a defined coordinate system relative to a given target point. The vehicle data and position data is assigned to a corresponding class in dependence on typical vehicle characteristics, with transmission of this class, together with the position data, in coded form to the central traffic management processor. Pref. only an identification for the detected vehicle characteristics pattern is transmitted to the central traffic management processor with the position data of the floating car.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge von Fahrzeugdaten, die Informationen über den Betriebszustand und/oder über die Umgebung der Fahrzeuge enthalten, und Positionsdaten, die Informationen über die Position der Fahrzeuge in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt enthalten, bei dem die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten in bestimmten Abständen, welche einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne oder einer vorgegebenen Wegstrecke entsprechen, erfaßt und an einen Verkehrsrechner übertragen werden.The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing a quantity of data of vehicle data to be transmitted from vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet, which data contain information about the operating state and / or about the surroundings of the vehicles, and position data, the information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system at a certain point in time, at which the vehicle and position data are acquired at certain intervals, which correspond to a predetermined time period or a predetermined distance, and are transmitted to a traffic computer.

Aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 195 08 486 ist es bekannt, zur Ermittlung von Verkehrslage- oder Straßenzustandsdaten eine Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu verwenden, bei der einzelne als "Floating Cars" bezeichnete Stichprobenfahrzeuge zum Beispiel über Funk vorbestimmte Fahrzeugdaten und dazugehörige Positionsdaten an eine Empfangsstelle eines Verkehrsrechners übermitteln. Mit Hilfe dieser Daten kann dann der Verkehrsrechner anhand vorbestimmter Algorithmen die Verkehrslage ermitteln oder zum Beispiel Rückschlüsse auf Umgebungsbedingungen wie Nässe oder Vereisung der Straße, Nebel etc. gewinnen. Dazu ist es zum Beispiel möglich, kontinuierlich oder in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Datensätze, die die Positionsdaten der Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte und die entsprechenden Fahrzeugdaten aufweisen, von den Stichprobenfahrzeugen an die Empfangsstelle des Verkehrsrechners zu übermitteln.From unpublished DE 195 08 486 it is known to use a sample vehicle fleet to determine traffic situation or road condition data, in which individual sample vehicles referred to as "floating cars" transmit predetermined vehicle data and associated position data to a receiving point of a traffic computer, for example by radio. Using this data, the traffic computer can then use predetermined algorithms to determine the traffic situation or, for example, draw conclusions about environmental conditions such as wetness or icing of the road, fog, etc. For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to transmit data records containing the position data of the vehicles of the sample vehicle fleet and the corresponding vehicle data continuously or at predetermined time intervals from the sample vehicles to the reception point of the traffic computer.

Ein solches System hat verschiedene Nachteile. Erstens hat ein Funknetz wie zum Beispiel ein GSM-Netz keine unbegrenzte Kapazität, so daß es zu einer Überlastung des Netzes kommen kann. Zweitens muß der Verkehrsrechner anhand der vorbestimmten Algorithmen aus den empfangenen Datensätzen die gewünschten Informationen oder Vorhersagen errechnen. Dabei wird die Rechenlast des Verkehrsrechners umso größer, je größer die zu verarbeitende Datenmenge ist. Die von jedem "Floating Car" der Flotte nach einem festen Schema übermittelten Datensätze enthalten aber fast immer einen Teil momentan überflüssige, sogenannte redundante Daten, die die Rechenlast unnötig erhöhen, was u. a. insbesondere dann der Fall ist, wenn mehrere Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte dieselbe Straße oder auch denselben Straßentyp befahren.Such a system has several disadvantages. First, a radio network, such as a GSM network, does not have unlimited capacity, so there is an overload of the network can come. Second, the traffic computer must use the predetermined algorithms to calculate the desired information or predictions from the received data records. The traffic load of the traffic computer increases the greater the amount of data to be processed. However, the data records transmitted by each "floating car" in the fleet according to a fixed scheme almost always contain a portion of what is currently redundant, so-called redundant data, which unnecessarily increase the computing load, which is particularly the case if several vehicles in the sample vehicle fleet are on the same street or also drive on the same type of road.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung der aus den Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte an einen Verkehrsrechner zu übertragenden Datenmenge anzugeben, das eine deutliche Verringerung der Datenmenge ohne unzulässige Einbußen bei der statistischen Aussagefähigkeit der übertragenen Daten ermöglicht. Außerdem soll eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens angegeben werden.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from the vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet to a traffic computer, which enables a significant reduction in the amount of data without undue losses in the statistical significance of the transmitted data. In addition, a device for performing the method is to be specified.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe hinsichtlich des Verfahrens ist erfindungsgemäß gekennzeichnet durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale. Durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Unteransprüche 2 bis 13 ist dieses Verfahren in vorteilhafter Weise weiter ausgestaltbar. Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 14 auf.The solution to this problem with regard to the method is characterized according to the invention by the features specified in claim 1. Due to the characterizing features of subclaims 2 to 13, this method can advantageously be further developed. A device for carrying out the method according to the invention has the features of claim 14.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, daß die erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten bereits im Fahrzeug mindestens einer vorgegebenen Klasse von Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten, die einem bestimmten typischen Fahrzeugverhalten entsprechen, zugeordnet werden. Diese Klassen werden als Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster bezeichnet. Das zugeordnete Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster wird mit den Positionsdaten des Stichprobenfahrzeugs mindestens teilweise in kodierter Form an den Verkehrsrechner übertragen.The invention provides that the detected vehicle and position data are already assigned in the vehicle to at least one predetermined class of vehicle and position data that correspond to a certain typical vehicle behavior. These classes are called vehicle behavior patterns. The assigned vehicle behavior pattern is at least partially transmitted to the traffic computer in coded form with the position data of the sample vehicle.

Hierdurch wird eine starke Reduzierung der an den Verkehrsrechner zu übertragenden Datenmenge erreicht, ohne daß dem Verkehrsrechner wesentliche, für die Berechnung beispielweise der Verkehrslage notwendige Informationen fehlen. Die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten werden bereits im Fahrzeug durch die Zuordnung zu bestimmten Fahrzeugverhaltensmustern in einer solchen Form aufbereitet, daß der Verkehrsrechner die übermittelten Daten unmittelbar für die Verkehrslageberechnung einsetzen kann. Aufgrund der so erzielten hohen Datenqualität kann jedes Stichprobenfahrzeug darüber hinaus mit verhältnismäßig geringem Aufwand in vielen Fällen anhand von Vorgaben selbständig entscheiden, ob eine Kommunikationsaufnahme zur Datenübermittlung an den Verkehrsrechner erforderlich ist.This results in a strong reduction in the amount of data to be transmitted to the traffic computer without the traffic computer missing essential information which is necessary for the calculation, for example, of the traffic situation. The vehicle and position data are already prepared in the vehicle by assigning them to certain vehicle behavior patterns in such a form that the Traffic computer can use the transmitted data directly for the traffic situation calculation. Because of the high data quality achieved in this way, each sample vehicle can in addition in many cases decide with relatively little effort on the basis of specifications whether it is necessary to establish communication to transmit data to the traffic computer.

Eine besonders starke Reduzierung der an den Verkehrsrechner zu übertragenden Datenmenge wird dadurch erreicht, daß nur noch die Kennung des zugeordneten vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmusters mit den Positionsdaten des Stichprobenfahrzeugs an den Verkehrsrechner übertragen wird.A particularly strong reduction in the amount of data to be transmitted to the traffic computer is achieved in that only the identifier of the assigned predefined vehicle behavior pattern with the position data of the sample vehicle is transmitted to the traffic computer.

Die elektronische Datenerfassung und -aufbereitung vereinfacht sich weiterhin dadurch, daß die Zuordnung der erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zu mindestens einem der vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster durch einen ohnehin im Fahrzeug vorhandenen Bordcomputer erfolgt, so daß der erforderliche Hardwareaufwand gering bleibt.The electronic data acquisition and processing is further simplified in that the assignment of the detected vehicle and position data to at least one of the predefined vehicle behavior patterns is carried out by an on-board computer that is already present in the vehicle, so that the required hardware expenditure remains low.

Eine besonders geringer Rechenaufwand bei der Fahrzeugverhaltensmusterzuordnung der erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten läßt sich dadurch erzielen, daß die Zuordnung zu mindestens einem der vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster durch den Bordcomputer mit Hilfe der Fuzzy-Logik erfolgt.A particularly low computing effort in the vehicle behavior pattern assignment of the detected vehicle and position data can be achieved in that the assignment to at least one of the predetermined vehicle behavior patterns is carried out by the on-board computer with the aid of the fuzzy logic.

Die Übertragung der Daten an den Verkehrsrechner läßt sich zweckmäßigerweise dadurch weiter reduzieren, daß das den erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten aktuell zugeordnete vorgegebene Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster mit dem unmittelbar davor den erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zugeordneten vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster verglichen wird und nur bei Nichtübereinstimmung der beiden Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster eine Datenübertragung an den Verkehrsrechner erfolgt. Die klassifizierten Daten werden also nur dann übertragen, wenn ein Wechsel des Fahrzeugverhaltensmusters stattgefunden hat, was z.B. normalerweise dann der Fall ist, wenn der Straßentyp vom Stichprobenfahrzeug gewechselt wurde oder sich die Verkehrssituation (Verkehrsdichte) geändert hat. Dabei ist es unter bestimmten Umständen vorteilhaft, wenn bei Übereinstimmung der beiden Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster nur eine Übertragung der Positionsdaten an den Verkehrsrechner erfolgt. Der Verkehrsrechner kennt in diesem Fall die genauen Positionsdaten des Stichprobenfahrzeugs und weiß aufgrund des nicht mitübertragenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmusters, daß das zuletzt übermittelte Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster weiterhin gültig ist.The transmission of the data to the traffic computer can expediently be further reduced by comparing the predefined vehicle behavior pattern currently assigned to the detected vehicle and position data with the predefined vehicle behavior pattern assigned directly to the detected vehicle and position data, and data transmission only if the two vehicle behavior patterns do not match to the traffic computer. The classified data is therefore only transmitted if there has been a change in the vehicle behavior pattern, which is normally the case, for example, if the type of road was changed by the sample vehicle or the traffic situation (traffic density) has changed. In certain circumstances, it is advantageous if, when the two vehicle behavior patterns match, only the position data is transmitted to the traffic computer. Of the In this case, the traffic computer knows the exact position data of the sample vehicle and, because the vehicle behavior pattern is not transmitted, knows that the last vehicle behavior pattern transmitted is still valid.

Um den Bedarf des Verkehrsrechners an bestimmten Informationen bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Datenmenge besser steuern zu können, ohne die Rechenlast des Verkehrsrechners und ohne die Kommunikationsverbindungen unnötig zu belasten, ist es vorgesehen, daß das den erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zugeordnete vorgegebene Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster mit einem vom Verkehrsrechner speziell vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster verglichen wird und nur bei Übereinstimmung dieser beiden Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster eine Datenübertragung an den Verkehrsrechner erfolgt. Die Vorgabe kann dabei z.B. durch die Übermittlung der Kennung dieses Fahrzeugverhaltensmusters an alle Stichprobenfahrzeuge erfolgen.In order to be able to better control the traffic computer's need for certain information while simultaneously reducing the amount of data, without unnecessarily burdening the traffic load of the traffic computer and without unnecessarily burdening the communication connections, it is provided that the predetermined vehicle behavior pattern assigned to the recorded vehicle and position data is provided with a traffic computer Specifically predefined vehicle behavior patterns are compared and data transmission to the traffic computer takes place only if these two vehicle behavior patterns match. The specification can e.g. by transmitting the identifier of this vehicle behavior pattern to all sample vehicles.

Zu Beginn der Stichprobennahme durch die Stichprobenfahrzeuge oder bei einer Änderung der speziell vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster durch den Verkehrsrechner ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster vom Verkehrsrechner vorgegeben werden, und zwar vorteilhafterweise über ein installiertes Funktelefonnetz oder eine sonstige Drahtlosverbindung.At the beginning of sampling by the sample vehicles or when the specially predefined vehicle behavior patterns are changed by the traffic computer, it is expedient if the vehicle behavior patterns are predefined by the traffic computer, advantageously via an installed radio telephone network or another wireless connection.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, daß die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster durch Klassifizierung der ständig im Fahrzeug anfallenden Fahrzeugdaten vom Bordcomputer selbst bestimmt werden. Der Bordcomputer sucht dabei anhand der erfaßten Fahrzeugdaten mit Hilfe vorgegebener Rechenalgorithmen typische Klasseneinteilungen (Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster) für das Fahrzeugverhalten heraus, die der Zuordnug zugrunde gelegt werden, also als vorgegebene Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster fungieren. Die auf diesem Wege bestimmten Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster werden vom Bordcomputer bei sich verändernden Bedingungen automatisch angepaßt. Dabei stellen die vorgegebenen Rechenalgorithmen sicher, daß an den Verkehrsrechner nur Daten übertragen werden, die dieser zur Erfassung der Verkehrslage benötigt. Die vom Bordcomputer ermittelten (vorgegebenen) Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster werden jeweils zusammen mit den zugehörigen Ortskoordinaten an den Verkehrsrechner übermittelt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the vehicle behavior patterns are determined by the on-board computer itself by classifying the vehicle data that is constantly occurring in the vehicle. The on-board computer uses the computed vehicle data with the aid of predefined computing algorithms to find typical classifications (vehicle behavior patterns) for the vehicle behavior that are used as the basis for the assignment, that is to say act as predefined vehicle behavior patterns. The vehicle behavior patterns determined in this way are automatically adapted by the on-board computer when the conditions change. The predefined computation algorithms ensure that only data that are required to record the traffic situation are transmitted to the traffic computer. The (predefined) vehicle behavior patterns determined by the on-board computer are each transmitted to the traffic computer together with the associated location coordinates.

Als besonders zweckmäßig hat es sich erwiesen, die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster in Abhängigkeit vom Straßentyp zu bestimmen. So unterscheiden sich die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster auf einer Autobahn wesentlich von denen auf einer Landstraße, wodurch sich eine Klassifizierung mit dem Straßentyp als Parameter als besonders günstig erweist.It has proven particularly expedient to determine the vehicle behavior pattern depending on the type of road. The vehicle behavior patterns on a highway differ significantly from those on a country road, which means that classification with the road type as a parameter proves to be particularly favorable.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die vom Verkehrsrechner vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster unabhängig vom Fahrverhalten des Fahrers sind. Das wird z.B. erreicht, wenn die vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmustern über viele Fahrer gemittelt wurden. Die Vorgabe solcher vom Fahrverhalten des Fahrers unabhängiger Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster macht es möglich, daß aus den ständig anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten durch Vergleich mit den vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmustern Fahrverhaltensmuster, die dem typischen Fahrverhalten des Fahrers entsprechen, bestimmt werden; und daß die Fahrverhaltensmuster des Fahrers bei jedem Fahrzeug- oder Fahrerwechsel dem Bordcomputer des neuen bzw. alten Fahrzeugs in anonymisierter Form übergeben werden können. Die Übergabe könnte dabei in Form von Magnetkarten oder dergleichen erfolgen, die in eine entsprechende Lese- und Schreibvorrichtung im Fahrzeug eingeführt werden und eine Konkordanz zwischen den allgemein gültigen vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmustern und dem diesem entsprechenden individuellen Fahrverhalten herstellen.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the vehicle behavior patterns specified by the traffic computer are independent of the driver's driving behavior. That will e.g. achieved when the specified vehicle behavior patterns were averaged over many drivers. The specification of such vehicle behavior patterns which are independent of the driver's driving behavior makes it possible for driving behavior patterns which correspond to the typical driving behavior of the driver to be determined from the constantly occurring vehicle and position data by comparison with the predetermined vehicle behavior patterns; and that the driver's driving behavior patterns can be transferred to the on-board computer of the new or old vehicle in anonymized form with each vehicle or driver change. The transfer could take the form of magnetic cards or the like, which are inserted into a corresponding reading and writing device in the vehicle and produce a concordance between the generally applicable predefined vehicle behavior patterns and the individual driving behavior corresponding to them.

Zweckmäßigerweise umfaßt eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens:

  • Einrichtungen zum Erfassen der anfallenden Fahrzeugdaten und
  • eine Positionsbestimmungsvorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Positionsdaten sowie spezieller Fahrzeugdaten (Geschwindigkeit, Bewegungsrichtung) in bestimmten Abständen, welche einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne oder einer vorgegebenen Wegstrecke entsprechen,
  • mindestens einen als Ringspeicher organisierten Speicherbereich zum Ablegen der erfaßten Daten
  • mindestens einen Arbeitsspeicherbereich mit einem Rechenprogramm zur Zuordnung der Fahrzeugdaten zu einer der vorgegebenen Klassen von Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten, die einem bestimmten typischen Fahrzeugverhalten entsprechen,
  • eine Einrichtung zur Übermittlung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den Verkehrsrechner,
  • eine zentrale Prozessoreinheit und
  • einen Datenbus, der mit den Einrichtungen verbunden ist.
A device for carrying out the method expediently comprises:
  • Devices for recording the vehicle data and
  • a position determining device for determining the position data as well as special vehicle data (speed, direction of movement) at certain intervals, which correspond to a predetermined time span or a predetermined distance,
  • at least one memory area organized as a ring memory for storing the acquired data
  • at least one working memory area with a computer program for assigning the vehicle data to one of the predetermined classes of vehicle and position data which correspond to a specific typical vehicle behavior,
  • a device for transmitting the vehicle and position data to the traffic computer,
  • a central processor unit and
  • a data bus connected to the devices.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der in der einzigen Figur dargestellten Vorrichtung.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment and the device shown in the single figure.

Ein Fahrzeug einer Stichprobenflotte weist in dem Fahrzeug installierte Sensoren auf; die Sensoren erfassen kontinuierlich veränderliche Zustandsgrößen wie z. B. die Geschwindigkeit, den Lenkradeinschlag, die Motordrehzahl, die Außentemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit etc. Das Fahrzeug weist weiter Sensoren auf, die diskrete Zustandsgrößen, wie z. B. die Stellung verschiedener Schalter (Scheibenwischer, Licht, Nebellicht, Heckscheibenheizung, Warnblinkanlage etc.) erfassen. Das Fahrzeug ist weiterhin mit Vorrichtungen ausgestattet, die in dem Fahrzeug den Betrieb von aktiven Vorrichtungen (Aktoren) anzeigen wie z.B. des Antiblockiersystems (ABS), der Antriebsschlupfregelung (ASR), des Airbags, des Unfalldatenschreibers (UDS) etc. Das Fahrzeug besitzt außerdem einen GPS-Empfänger (GPS gleich Global Positioning System) als Positionsbestimmungsvorrichtung. Der GPS-Empfänger erzeugt fortlaufend in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Positionsdaten, die die momentane Position (Länge, Breite, Zeit) des Fahrzeugs in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem (Längengrade, Breitengrade) enthalten, sowie ggf. Richtungs- und/oder Geschwindigkeitsdaten über die momentane Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeugs. Die von den Sensoren, dem GPS-Empfänger (Bewegungsdaten) und den Vorrichtungen zum Anzeigen des Betriebs der Aktoren erzeugten Daten bilden die Fahrzeugdaten, die in Verbindung mit den entsprechenden Positionsdaten (einschließlich der zugeordneten Zeitdaten) Informationen über die Verkehrslage und den Straßenzustand enthalten.A vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle; the sensors record continuously changing state variables such as B. the speed, the steering wheel angle, the engine speed, the outside temperature, the humidity, etc. The vehicle also has sensors that discrete state variables such. B. Detect the position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, rear window heating, hazard warning lights, etc.). The vehicle is also equipped with devices that indicate the operation of active devices (actuators) in the vehicle, such as the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the traction control system (ASR), the airbag, the accident data recorder (UDS) etc. The vehicle also has a GPS receiver (GPS = Global Positioning System) as a positioning device. The GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals, which contain the current position (longitude, latitude, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined coordinate system (longitudes, latitudes), as well as possibly directional and / or speed data about the current direction of movement of the vehicle . The data generated by the sensors, the GPS receiver (movement data) and the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the vehicle data which, in conjunction with the corresponding position data (including the associated time data), contain information about the traffic situation and the road condition.

Die Fahrzeugdaten werden in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen von einem Bordcomputer abgefragt und beispielsweise in einem Ringspeicher oder in einem als Ringspeicher organisierten normalen Speicher in Form von Datensätzen abgelegt, so daß alle über einen bestimmten vorangegangenen Zeitraum angefallenen Fahrzeugdaten verfügbar sind. Zu jedem Datensatz gehören jeweils in genau festgelegter Reihenfolge die entsprechenden Fahrzeugdaten: die Zeitdaten, die Positionsdaten, die Geschwindigkeit, die Bewegungsrichtung und so weiter. Der Ringspeicher wird beispielsweise fortlaufend mit neuen Datensätzen durch Überschreiben der ältesten Datensätze gefüllt, so daß immer nur der zeitliche Verlauf der Fahrzeugdaten über den unmittelbar vorangegangenen Zeitraum zum Auswerten zur Verfügung steht. Zur Reduzierung der erfaßten Datenmenge holt der Bordcomputer den Inhalt des Ringspeichers in den Arbeitsspeicher und ordnet den Fahrzeugdaten diejenige Klasse zu, zu der die Daten gehören. Dazu werden die vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster vorteilhafterweise in entsprechenden Tabellen abgelegt, so daß die Zuordnung zu mindestens einem der vorgegebenen Verhaltensmuster durch den Bordcomputer mit Hilfe der Fuzzy-Logik schnell erfolgen kann.The vehicle data are queried at regular intervals by an on-board computer and stored, for example, in a ring memory or in a normal memory organized as a ring memory in the form of data records, so that all vehicle data accumulated over a certain previous period are available. The corresponding vehicle data belong to each data record in a precisely defined order: the time data, the position data, the speed, the direction of movement and so on. The ring buffer will continuously filled with new data records, for example, by overwriting the oldest data records, so that only the chronological progression of the vehicle data over the immediately preceding period is available for evaluation. To reduce the amount of data recorded, the on-board computer fetches the contents of the ring memory into the working memory and assigns the vehicle data to the class to which the data belong. For this purpose, the predefined vehicle behavior patterns are advantageously stored in corresponding tables, so that the on-board computer can quickly assign them to at least one of the predefined behavior patterns with the aid of the fuzzy logic.

Die Klassen werden bei einer ersten Ausführungsform vom Verkehrsrechner vorgegeben und umfassen jeweils die Gesamtheit von Fahrzeugdaten, die einem bestimmten typischen Fahrzeugverhalten entsprechen. Das bedeutet, daß einer Vielzahl von Kombinationen der Fahrzeugdaten eine einzelne Klasse zugeordnet wird, wobei alle die Fahrzeugdaten einer Klasse angehören, die demselben typischen Verhalten eines Fahrzeugs im Straßenverkehr entsprechen. Dabei decken die vom Verkehrsrechner vorgegebenen Klassen alle praktisch möglichen Kombinationen der Fahrzeugdaten ab; jede Fahrzeugdatenkombination kann mindestens einer vorgegebenen Klasse zugeordnet werden. Zwei Klassen können den Daten beispielsweise dann zugeordnet werden, wenn in der erfaßten Zeitspanne erst eine Fahrt auf der Autobahn stattgefunden hat und das Fahrzeug anschließend auf einem Rastplatz eingeparkt wurde. Die Klassen werden als Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster bezeichnet. Die Zuordnung der im Fahrzeug erfaßten Daten ist mit einer starken Reduzierung der Datenmenge verbunden. Weiterhin entspricht die Klassifizierung der Fahrzeugdaten einer höheren Datenqualität, d.h. die erfaßten Daten weisen nach ihrer Aufbereitung in Form der Klassenzuordnung nur noch die Merkmale auf, die für die Weiterverarbeitung durch den Verkehrsrechner beispielweise zur Bestimmung der Verkehrslage wesentlich sind. Zur Durchführung der Klassifizierung der Fahrzeugdaten wird im Stichprobenfahrzeug durch den Bordcomputer ein im Speicher abgelegtes Rechenprogramm gestartet, welche die Daten nach einem vorgegebenen Algorithmus klassifiziert. Mißlingt eine eindeutige Zuordnung der Fahrzeugdaten, so werden entweder die Fahrzeugdaten unaufbereitet übertragen oder aber es werden in diesem Fall überhaupt keine Daten an den Verkehrsrechner übertragen.In a first embodiment, the classes are specified by the traffic computer and each comprise the entirety of vehicle data which correspond to a specific typical vehicle behavior. This means that a single class is assigned to a multiplicity of combinations of the vehicle data, all of the vehicle data belonging to a class which correspond to the same typical behavior of a vehicle in road traffic. The classes specified by the traffic computer cover all practically possible combinations of vehicle data; each vehicle data combination can be assigned to at least one predefined class. Two classes can be assigned to the data, for example, if a journey on the highway has only taken place in the recorded time period and the vehicle has subsequently been parked at a rest stop. The classes are referred to as vehicle behavior patterns. The assignment of the data recorded in the vehicle is associated with a strong reduction in the amount of data. Furthermore, the classification of the vehicle data corresponds to a higher data quality, that is to say the processed data in the form of the class assignment only have the characteristics which are essential for further processing by the traffic computer, for example for determining the traffic situation. To carry out the classification of the vehicle data, a computer program stored in the memory is started in the sample vehicle by the on-board computer, which classifies the data according to a predetermined algorithm. If an unambiguous assignment of the vehicle data fails, the vehicle data are either transmitted unprepared or, in this case, no data is transmitted to the traffic computer at all.

Bei einer zweiten Ausführungsform erfolgt die Vorgabe der Klassen, d.h. der Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster nicht durch den Verkehrsrechner, sondern die Klassen werden durch den Bordcomputer anhand der anfallenden Fahrzeugdaten bestimmt. Dazu wertet der Bordcomputer die Fahrzeugdaten dahingehend aus, daß er mit Hilfe vorgegebener Rechenalgorithmen typische, d.h. immer wieder auftretende Datenkombinationen bestimmt und diesen eine Klasse, ein Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster zuordnet. Die Klassenzuordnung der Fahrzeugdaten kann z.B. dadurch unterstützt werden, daß der Fahrer dem Bordcomputer in der Klassenerkennungsphase per Tastendruck mitteilt, welches Fahrmanöver er gerade ausführt oder auf welchem Straßentyp er sich gerade mit dem Fahrzeug bewegt, um so die Verhaltensmuster des Stichprobenfahrzeugs schneller und gezielter zu erfassen. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster allein mittels eines Rechenprogramms zu bestimmen. In diesem Fall ist es vorgesehen, daß alle Stichprobenfahrzeuge dasselbe Rechenprogramm zur Verhaltensmusterbestimmung verwenden. Das hat den Vorteil, daß dem Verkehrsrechner die Klassifizierungsgrundlage bekannt ist.In a second embodiment, the classes are specified, i.e. the vehicle behavior pattern is not determined by the traffic computer, but the classes are determined by the on-board computer based on the vehicle data. For this purpose, the on-board computer evaluates the vehicle data in such a way that it uses typical, i.e. Recurring data combinations are determined and assigned a class, a vehicle behavior pattern. The class assignment of the vehicle data can e.g. are supported in that the driver informs the on-board computer in the class recognition phase at the push of a button which driving maneuver he is currently carrying out or which type of road he is currently traveling with the vehicle, in order to record the behavioral patterns of the sample vehicle more quickly and more specifically. However, it is also possible to determine the vehicle behavior pattern using only a computer program. In this case, it is provided that all sample vehicles use the same computer program for determining behavior patterns. This has the advantage that the basis of classification is known to the traffic computer.

Bei beiden Ausführungsformen werden nicht die vollständigen Datensätze der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den Verkehrsrechner übertragen, sondern nur das zugeordnete Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster in Form einer Kennnung zusammen mit den Positionsdaten des Stichprobenfahrzeugs. Die Datenübertragung erfolgt dabei über Funktelefon. Um die Rechenlast des Verkehrsrechners weiter zu verringern, wird zyklisch oder unter speziellen Bedingungen das aktuelle Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster mit dem Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster verglichen, das unmittelbar davor als vorletztes vom Bordcomputer aus den Fahrzeugdaten ermittelt worden ist. Stimmen die beiden Muster überein, wird entweder keine Information an den Verkehrsrechner übertragen, oder dem Verkehrsrechner werden nur die Positionsdaten des Stichprobenfahrzeugs mitgeteilt. Letzteres hat den Vorteil, daß der Verkehrsrechner außerdem die aktuellen geographischen Positionen der Stichprobenfahrzeuge der Flotte kennt. Der Verkehrsrechner kann den Stichprobenfahrzeugen aber auch eines der Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster speziell vorgeben, so daß eine Meldung an den Verkehrsrechner mit Angabe der aktuellen Fahrzeugposition nur erfolgt, wenn das aus den Fahrzeugdaten ermittelte aktuelle Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster mit dem speziell vorgegebenen Muster übereinstimmt. Das ist z.B. dann zweckmäßig, wenn für den Verkehrsrechner zur Berechnung der Verkehrslage nur von Interesse ist, auf welchen Straßen in welchen Bereichen Staus auftreten; in einem solchen Fall wird den Stichprobenfahrzeugen lediglich das Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster "Stau" vorgegeben, so daß bei Auftreten eines Staus von den dort befindlichen Stichprobenfahrzeugen eine Datenübertragung an den Verkehrsrechner erfolgt, ansonsten aber keine Daten übertragen werden.In both embodiments, the complete data sets of the vehicle and position data are not transmitted to the traffic computer, but only the assigned vehicle behavior pattern in the form of an identifier together with the position data of the sample vehicle. The data transmission takes place via radio telephone. In order to further reduce the computing load of the traffic computer, the current vehicle behavior pattern is compared cyclically or under special conditions with the vehicle behavior pattern which was determined just before that from the on-board computer from the vehicle data as the penultimate one. If the two patterns match, either no information is transmitted to the traffic computer, or only the position data of the sample vehicle are communicated to the traffic computer. The latter has the advantage that the traffic computer also knows the current geographical positions of the fleet's sample vehicles. The traffic computer can, however, also specify one of the vehicle behavior patterns specifically for the sample vehicles, so that a message to the traffic computer stating the current vehicle position is only given if the current vehicle behavior pattern determined from the vehicle data matches the specially specified pattern. This is useful, for example, if the traffic computer for calculating the traffic situation is only interested in which roads and in which areas congestion occurs; in such a case, the sample vehicles only the vehicle behavior pattern "traffic jam" is specified, so that when a traffic jam occurs from the sample vehicles located there, data is transmitted to the traffic computer, but otherwise no data is transmitted.

Die vom Verkehrsrechner vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster können unabhängig vom Fahrverhalten des jeweiligen Fahrers sein, insbesondere dann, wenn bei der Bestimmung der Verhaltensmuster der Stichprobenfahrzeuge über viele Fahrer gemittelt wurde. Bei einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte, wo die Fahrer häufig wechseln, werden den Stichprobenfahrzeugen zweckmäßigerweise fahrerunabhängige Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster vorgegeben. Um das unterschiedliche Fahrverhalten der einzelnen Fahrer berücksichtigen zu können, wird zunächst aus den aktuellen Fahrzeugdaten unter Zugrundelegung der vom Verkehrsrechner vorgegebenen fahrerunabhängigen Muster mindestens ein Fahrerverhaltensmuster bestimmt; diese werden dann bei der Klassifizierung der anfallenden Fahrzeugdaten berücksichtigt. So entspricht beispielsweise dem Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster "Autobahn" eine mittlere Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit von 130 km/h. Ein älterer oder besonders vorsichtiger Fahrer fährt auf der Autobahn z.B. aber nur 90 km/h, verhält sich aber ansonsten auf der Autobahn im Mittel wie jeder andere Fahrer. Die Besonderheit dieses Fahrers, nämlich 90 km/h anstatt 130 km/h auf der Autobahn zu fahren, ist im Fahrerverhaltensmuster "Autobahn" enthalten; unter Berücksichtigung dieses Fahrerverhaltensmusters ordnet der Bordcomputer also den Fahrzeugdaten (mit der mittleren Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit 90 km/h) fehlerfrei das Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster "Autobahn" zu, also diejenige Klasse, zu der die Daten auch wirklich gehören.The vehicle behavior patterns specified by the traffic computer can be independent of the driving behavior of the respective driver, in particular if a number of drivers was averaged when determining the behavior patterns of the sample vehicles. In a sample vehicle fleet where the drivers change frequently, the sample vehicles are expediently given driver-independent vehicle behavior patterns. In order to be able to take into account the different driving behavior of the individual drivers, at least one driver behavior pattern is first determined from the current vehicle data on the basis of the driver-independent pattern specified by the traffic computer; these are then taken into account in the classification of the vehicle data. For example, the vehicle behavior pattern "Autobahn" corresponds to an average vehicle speed of 130 km / h. An older or particularly careful driver drives on the highway e.g. but only 90 km / h, but otherwise behaves like any other driver on the highway. The peculiarity of this driver, namely driving 90 km / h instead of 130 km / h on the motorway, is contained in the driver behavior pattern "Autobahn"; taking this driver behavior pattern into account, the on-board computer thus correctly assigns the vehicle data (with the average vehicle speed 90 km / h) to the vehicle behavior pattern "Autobahn", that is to say the class to which the data really belongs.

Beim Fahrerwechsel könnten die Fahrerverhaltensmuster des neuen Fahrers dem Bordcomputer des Fahrzeugs vom Verkehrsrechner übermittelt werden, sofern ein entsprechender Datenaustausch mit identifizierenden Daten zwischen Fahrzeug und Verkehrsrechner erfolgt. Dies ist jedoch im allgemeinen nicht erwünscht. Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht daher darin, daß die Fahrerverhaltensmuster beispielsweise auf einer Magnetkarte oder einem anderen mobilen Speichermedium abgespeichert werden und daß der Fahrer bei Wechsel des Fahrzeugs dieses Speichermedium von einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung in dem Fahrzeug lesen läßt, so daß der Bordcomputer auf diesem Wege über das typische Fahrverhalten dieses Fahrers informiert ist. Die Übergabe der Fahrerverhaltensmuster erfolgt dabei also völlig anonym.When changing drivers, the driver behavior patterns of the new driver could be transmitted to the on-board computer of the vehicle by the traffic computer, provided there is a corresponding data exchange with identifying data between the vehicle and the traffic computer. However, this is generally not desirable. Another possibility is therefore that the driver behavior patterns are stored, for example, on a magnetic card or another mobile storage medium and that the driver has this storage medium read by a corresponding device in the vehicle when the vehicle is changed, so that the on-board computer uses this to typical driving behavior of this driver is informed. The transfer of driver behavior patterns is therefore completely anonymous.

Die Figur zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge von Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten. Die Vorrichtung weist eine Sende- und Empfangseinheit 1 zur Datenübertragung auf. Wie die Figur erkennen läßt, umfaßt die Vorrichtung eine zentrale Prozessoreinheit (CPU) 2, die mit einem Datenbus 3 verbunden ist. Weiterhin sind mit dem Datenbus 3 ein als Ringspeicher organisierter Speicherbereich 4 zum Ablegen der erfaßten Daten und ein Arbeitsspeicherbereich 5 verbunden, wobei in dem Arbeitsspeicherbereich 5 ein Rechenprogramm zur Zuordnung der Fahrzeugdaten zu einer der vorgegebenen Klassen von Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten, die einem bestimmten typischen Fahrzeugverhalten entsprechen, abgelegt ist. Zur Erfassung der Fahrzeugdaten sind im Fahrzeug Sensoren/Aktoren 6 angeordnet, die ebenfalls an dem Datenbus 3 angeschlossen sind. Die Vorrichtung weist zur Bestimmung der Positionsdaten und spezieller Fahrzeugdaten (Geschwindigkeit, Bewegungsrichtung) einen GPS-Empfänger 7 auf. Der GPS-Empfänger 7 ist über den Datenbus 3 mit der zentralen Prozessoreinheit (CPU) 2 elektrisch verbunden. Datentechnisch ist die Vorrichtung drahtlos mit einem Verkehrsrechner 8 verbindbar, der mit einer Sende- und Empfangseinheit 9 ausgerüstet ist.The figure shows an embodiment of a device for reducing a quantity of data of vehicle and position data to be transmitted from vehicles of a sample vehicle fleet. The device has a transmitting and receiving unit 1 for data transmission. As the figure shows, the device comprises a central processor unit (CPU) 2, which is connected to a data bus 3. Furthermore, a memory area 4 organized as a ring memory for storing the acquired data and a working memory area 5 are connected to the data bus 3, with a computing program in the working memory area 5 for assigning the vehicle data to one of the predetermined classes of vehicle and position data that correspond to a specific typical vehicle behavior correspond is filed. To detect the vehicle data, sensors / actuators 6 are arranged in the vehicle, which are also connected to the data bus 3. The device has a GPS receiver 7 for determining the position data and special vehicle data (speed, direction of movement). The GPS receiver 7 is electrically connected to the central processor unit (CPU) 2 via the data bus 3. In terms of data technology, the device can be connected wirelessly to a traffic computer 8, which is equipped with a transmitting and receiving unit 9.

Claims (14)

Verfahren zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge von Fahrzeugdaten, die Informationen über den Betriebszustand und/oder über die Umgebung der Fahrzeuge enthalten, und Positionsdaten, die Informationen über die Position der Fahrzeuge in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt enthalten, bei dem die Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten in bestimmten Abständen, welche einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne oder einer vorgegebenen Wegstrecke entsprechen, erfaßt und an einen Verkehrsrechner übertragen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten im Fahrzeug mindestens einer vorgegebenen Klasse von Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten, die einem bestimmten typischen Fahrzeugverhalten entsprechen, zugeordnet werden und die zugeordnete Klasse (aktuelles Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster), mit den Positionsdaten des Stichprobenfahrzeugs in mindestens teilweise kodierter Form an den Verkehrsrechner übertragen wird. Method for reducing a quantity of data to be transmitted from vehicles in a sample vehicle fleet of vehicle data which contain information about the operating state and / or about the surroundings of the vehicles, and position data which contain information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined coordinate system at a specific point in time which the vehicle and position data are acquired at certain intervals, which correspond to a predetermined time span or a predetermined distance, and are transmitted to a traffic computer, characterized, that the recorded vehicle and position data in the vehicle are assigned to at least one predetermined class of vehicle and position data that correspond to a specific typical vehicle behavior, and the assigned class (current vehicle behavior pattern) with the position data of the sample vehicle in at least partially coded form to the traffic computer is transmitted. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nur die Kennung des zugeordneten vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmusters mit den Positionsdaten des Stichprobenfahrzeugs an den Verkehrsrechner übertragen wird. Method according to claim 1, characterized, that only the identifier of the assigned predetermined vehicle behavior pattern with the position data of the sample vehicle is transmitted to the traffic computer. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuordnung der erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zu mindestens einem der vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster durch einen Bordcomputer erfolgt. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized, that the assignment of the detected vehicle and position data to at least one of the predefined vehicle behavior patterns is carried out by an on-board computer. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuordnung der erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zu mindestens einem der vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster durch den Bordcomputer mit Fuzzy-Logik erfolgt. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized, that the assignment of the detected vehicle and position data to at least one of the predefined vehicle behavior patterns is carried out by the on-board computer with fuzzy logic. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das den erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten aktuell zugeordnete vorgegebene Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster mit dem unmittelbar davor den erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zugeordneten vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster verglichen wird und bei Nichtübereinstimmung der beiden Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster eine Datenübertragung an den Verkehrsrechner erfolgt. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized, that the predetermined vehicle behavior pattern currently assigned to the detected vehicle and position data is compared with the predetermined vehicle behavior pattern assigned directly to the detected vehicle and position data, and if the two vehicle behavior patterns do not match, data is transmitted to the traffic computer. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Übereinstimmung der beiden Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster nur eine Übertragung der Positionsdaten an den Verkehrsrechner erfolgt. Method according to claim 5, characterized, that if the two vehicle behavior patterns match, only the position data is transmitted to the traffic computer. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das den erfaßten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zugeordnete vorgegebene Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster mit einem speziell vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster verglichen wird und nur bei Übereinstimmung dieser beiden Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster eine Datenübertragung an den Verkehrsrechner erfolgt. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, that the predefined vehicle behavior pattern assigned to the detected vehicle and position data is compared with a specifically predefined vehicle behavior pattern and data transmission to the traffic computer takes place only if these two vehicle behavior patterns match. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster, insbesondere die speziellen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster vom Verkehrsrechner über Funktelefon oder eine ähnliche Drahtlosverbindung vorgegeben werden. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized, that the vehicle behavior patterns, in particular the special vehicle behavior patterns, are specified by the traffic computer via radio telephone or a similar wireless connection. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster durch Klassifizierung der ständig im Fahrzeug anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten vom Bordcomputer bestimmt werden. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized, that the vehicle behavior patterns are determined by the on-board computer by classifying the vehicle and position data that are constantly occurring in the vehicle. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster in Abhängigkeit vom Straßentyp bestimmt werden. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized, that the vehicle behavior patterns are determined depending on the type of road. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vom Verkehrsrechner vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmuster unabhängig vom Fahrverhalten des Fahrers sind. Method according to one of claims 8 or 10, characterized, that the vehicle behavior patterns specified by the traffic computer are independent of the driver's driving behavior. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus den ständig anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten durch Vergleich mit allgemein vorgegebenen Fahrzeugverhaltensmustern Fahrverhaltensmuster, die dem typischen Fahrverhalten des Fahrers entsprechen, bestimmt und für die weitere Datenreduzierung benutzt werden. Method according to claim 9, characterized, that driving behavior patterns which correspond to the typical driving behavior of the driver are determined from the constantly occurring vehicle and position data by comparison with generally predetermined vehicle behavior patterns and are used for further data reduction. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fahrverhaltensmuster des Fahrers bei Fahrzeugwechsel dem Bordcomputer des neuen Fahrzeugs übergeben werden. Method according to claim 12, characterized, that the driver's driving behavior patterns are transferred to the on-board computer of the new vehicle when the vehicle is changed. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, mit - Einrichtungen (6) zum Erfassen der anfallenden Fahrzeugdaten und - einer Positionsbestimmungsvorrichtung (7) zur Ermittlung der Positionsdaten sowie spezieller Fahrzeugdaten (Geschwindigkeit, Bewegungsrichtung) in bestimmten Abständen, welche einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne oder einer vorgegebenen Wegstrecke entsprechen, - mindestens einem als Ringspeicher organisierten Speicherbereich (4) zum Ablegen der erfaßten Daten - mindestens einem Arbeitsspeicherbereich (5) mit einem Rechenprogramm zur Zuordnung der Fahrzeugdaten zu einer der vorgegebenen Klassen von Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten, die einem bestimmten typischen Fahrzeugverhalten entsprechen, - einer Einrichtung (1) zur Übermittlung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den Verkehrsrechner (8), - einer zentralen Prozessoreinheit (2) und - mit einem Datenbus (3), der mit den Einrichtungen (1,2,4,5,6,7) verbunden ist. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, with - Devices (6) for recording the vehicle data and - a position determining device (7) for determining the position data and special vehicle data (speed, direction of movement) at certain intervals which correspond to a predetermined time span or a predetermined distance, - At least one storage area (4) organized as a ring memory for storing the acquired data at least one working memory area (5) with a computer program for assigning the vehicle data to one of the predetermined classes of vehicle and position data which correspond to a specific typical vehicle behavior, - A device (1) for transmitting the vehicle and position data the traffic computer (8), - A central processor unit (2) and - With a data bus (3) which is connected to the devices (1,2,4,5,6,7).
EP95250283A 1994-11-28 1995-11-20 Method and device for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of sample vehicles Revoked EP0715288B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE4444390 1994-11-28
DE4444390 1994-11-28
DE19521919 1995-06-09
DE19521919A DE19521919C2 (en) 1994-11-28 1995-06-09 Method and device for reducing a quantity of data to be transmitted from vehicles in a sample vehicle fleet

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EP0715288A1 true EP0715288A1 (en) 1996-06-05
EP0715288B1 EP0715288B1 (en) 1999-05-12

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EP0817134A2 (en) * 1996-07-05 1998-01-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus for determining the distance travelled by a motor vehicle
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FR2784486A1 (en) * 1998-10-13 2000-04-14 Roland Moreno Method for processing road traffic data from a vehicle onboard map terminal via a radio channel to a remote site, uses a bonus system to encourage drivers to transmit traffic information
EP1489577A2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-22 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Apparatus and system for processing measurement data
WO2011018143A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Transmission and/or processing of traffic information
DE19917154B4 (en) * 1999-04-16 2013-09-05 Deutsche Telekom Ag Method for detecting congestion situations on roads and vehicle equipment with a unit for carrying out the method
US8818380B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2014-08-26 Israel Feldman System and method for geographically locating a cellular phone
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US9798985B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2017-10-24 Inrix Holdings Limited Apparatus and methods for providing journey information

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Cited By (22)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997029471A1 (en) * 1996-02-08 1997-08-14 Mannesmann Ag Process and device for obtaining traffic situation data
WO1997029470A1 (en) * 1996-02-08 1997-08-14 Mannesmann Ag Process for obtaining traffic data
EP0817134A2 (en) * 1996-07-05 1998-01-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus for determining the distance travelled by a motor vehicle
EP0817134A3 (en) * 1996-07-05 1999-10-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus for determining the distance travelled by a motor vehicle
WO1998026397A1 (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-18 Mannesmann Ag Method for transmitting local data and measurement data from a terminal, including a telematic terminal, to a central traffic control unit
WO1998027524A1 (en) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-25 Mannesmann Ag Process for informing an information centre about the path covered by a vehicle in a road network, terminal, information centre
FR2784486A1 (en) * 1998-10-13 2000-04-14 Roland Moreno Method for processing road traffic data from a vehicle onboard map terminal via a radio channel to a remote site, uses a bonus system to encourage drivers to transmit traffic information
WO2000022594A1 (en) * 1998-10-13 2000-04-20 Innovatron Method for processing road or urban traffic data from a vehicle onboard terminal connected by radio relay channel to a remote site
DE19917154B4 (en) * 1999-04-16 2013-09-05 Deutsche Telekom Ag Method for detecting congestion situations on roads and vehicle equipment with a unit for carrying out the method
US8918278B2 (en) 2000-08-28 2014-12-23 Inrix Global Services Limited Method and system for modeling and processing vehicular traffic data and information and applying thereof
US9324232B2 (en) 2000-08-28 2016-04-26 INRX Gloabal Services Limited Method and system for modeling and processing vehicular traffic data and information and applying thereof
US9552725B2 (en) 2000-08-28 2017-01-24 Inrix Global Services Limited Method and system for modeling and processing vehicular traffic data and information and applying thereof
EP1489577A3 (en) * 2003-06-20 2008-07-16 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Apparatus and system for processing measurement data
EP1489577A2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-22 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Apparatus and system for processing measurement data
US8818380B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2014-08-26 Israel Feldman System and method for geographically locating a cellular phone
US9026114B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2015-05-05 INRX Global Services Limited System and method for geographically locating a cellular phone
US9155060B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2015-10-06 INRX Global Services Limited System and method for geographically locating a cellular phone
US9798985B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2017-10-24 Inrix Holdings Limited Apparatus and methods for providing journey information
WO2011018143A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Transmission and/or processing of traffic information
US20120109524A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2012-05-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Methods for Transmission and/or Processing of Traffic Information
US8589077B2 (en) 2009-08-11 2013-11-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Methods for transmission and/or processing of traffic information
US9418545B2 (en) 2011-06-29 2016-08-16 Inrix Holding Limited Method and system for collecting traffic data

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ATE180086T1 (en) 1999-05-15
DK0715288T3 (en) 1999-11-01
ES2131268T3 (en) 1999-07-16
GR3030196T3 (en) 1999-08-31
EP0715288B1 (en) 1999-05-12

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