EP0770776A1 - Metering valve for a fuel injector - Google Patents

Metering valve for a fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0770776A1
EP0770776A1 EP96116113A EP96116113A EP0770776A1 EP 0770776 A1 EP0770776 A1 EP 0770776A1 EP 96116113 A EP96116113 A EP 96116113A EP 96116113 A EP96116113 A EP 96116113A EP 0770776 A1 EP0770776 A1 EP 0770776A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
valve
seat
servo valve
piezo actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96116113A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0770776B1 (en
Inventor
Gerd Dipl.-Ing. Huber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler AG
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Institut fur Motorenbau Prof Huber GmbH
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Publication of EP0770776A1 publication Critical patent/EP0770776A1/en
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Publication of EP0770776B1 publication Critical patent/EP0770776B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0045—Three-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a servo valve for an injection nozzle according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Such a servo valve is described in SAE paper No. 910252 "Development of New Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection System ECD-U2 for Diesel Engines".
  • Its valve member consists of an outer valve body and an inner valve body guided therein.
  • the outer valve body is normally urged downward by a spring to abut the first valve seat so that the return port is closed.
  • the inner valve member is moved upward by the pressure in the valve chamber and thereby releases a high pressure opening formed in the outer valve member.
  • an electromagnetic coil is energized, the outer valve member moves up and lifts from the first seat so that the communication port is connected to the return port. The upward movement of the outer valve member continues until the second seat formed thereon moves against the inner valve member, thereby closing the high pressure opening.
  • the construction of the known servo valve is relatively complex, since a guide formed in its housing for the outer valve member and a guide formed on the inside of the outer valve member for the inner valve member have to be manufactured precisely.
  • the guide between the inner valve member and the outer valve member is pressurized with high-pressure fluid, which leads to leakage losses.
  • the electromagnetic actuation of the outer valve member inherently causes relatively large delay times between the start of the excitation of the solenoid coil and the movement of the outer valve member, which is relatively fraught with friction, since the outer valve member is on the outside against the housing and on the inside against the inner valve member emotional.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a generic servo valve such that the problems mentioned do not occur.
  • the servo valve according to the invention characterized in the main claim is compact and extremely simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture, in particular because no double fits are required.
  • the valve member which is actuated directly through the return opening by the actuator, can be opened directly against the high pressure prevailing in the valve chamber by means of the electrically controllable, variable-length component, strokes of the order of 20 to 30 ⁇ m being sufficient for the servo valve switch. Therefore, piezo actuators or magnetostrictive actuators can be used advantageously. Using a piezo actuator and the small strokes, extremely fast switching times and precise actuation of the servo valve are possible.
  • the speed profile of the stroke movement of the valve member can be controlled by appropriate control of the variable-length component or actuator, so that the valve member comes into soft contact with the seats, which is advantageous for a long service life.
  • the variable-length component is advantageously arranged such that the injection nozzle is closed in the de-energized or de-energized state, which is advantageous for system security.
  • a fuel tank 2 is connected to a common rail (CR) high-pressure pump 6 via a filter and a prefeed pump 4.
  • a line from a high-pressure pump leads to a distribution line (common rail) 8, which is connected via feed lines 10 to each injector unit 12 assigned to each cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine.
  • the injection nozzle units 12 are connected via return lines 14 to a return line 16 leading to the tank 2.
  • the system pressure is limited with the aid of a limiting valve 18 and can be up to 2000 bar.
  • the outputs of an electronic control unit 20 are connected to the high-pressure pump 6 and the injection nozzle units 12.
  • the inputs 22 of the control unit are connected to a pressure sensor 24 in the distribution line 8 and further sensors, not shown, for example for the position of an accelerator pedal, the driving speed, temperatures, boost pressure, air mass, speed, etc.
  • Fig. 2 shows the basic structure of an injection nozzle unit with the associated hydraulic diagram.
  • the injection nozzle unit contains a nozzle body 26 which ends in a nozzle needle which, when the injection nozzle is in the closed state, bears against a valve seat.
  • the nozzle body 26 extends through a nozzle space 28 which is connected to the feed line 10.
  • the nozzle body 26 is connected to an actuator piston 30 or is formed in one piece with it, which operates in a working chamber 32.
  • the working chamber 32 is connected via a connecting line 34 with a connecting throttle 36 to a connecting opening 38 which is formed on a valve chamber 40 of a servo valve, generally designated 42.
  • the valve chamber 40 also has a high-pressure opening 44, which is connected to the supply line 10 via a high-pressure line 48 provided with an inlet throttle 46 is.
  • a return opening 50 of the valve chamber 40 is connected to the return line 14.
  • a shaft 56 actuated by a piezo actuator 54 projects through the return opening 50.
  • the piezo actuator 54 is connected to the control unit 20 (FIG. 1) via electrical connections (not shown).
  • Piezo actuators are known per se and constructed like capacitors, the dielectric of which consists of piezoelectric material, for example lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic. Modern actuators work with field strengths of up to 2000 V / mm and achieve relative changes in length of up to 1.5 per mille. In the example shown, a stroke of approximately 0.03 mm can thus be achieved with a length of the piezo actuator 40 of approximately 30 mm. A typical switching time is 50 ⁇ s, the speed of movement of the shaft 56 being controllable by appropriately controlling the piezo actuator 54.
  • FIG. 3 shows an overall sectional view of an injection nozzle unit 12 with housing 58 and high-pressure connection 60 for connection to the distributor line 8 (FIG. 1). Electrical connections, by means of which the piezo actuator 54 is connected to the control unit 20, are not shown.
  • the housing 58 at least in the area of the piezo actuator 54, consists of a material of similarly low thermal expansion as that of the piezo actuator 54, for example Invar steel.
  • an insert bolt 64 which is fastened to the housing 58 by means of a screw 62 can consist of a material which has greater thermal expansion than that of the housing material, for example aluminum.
  • FIG. 4 shows the central region of the injector unit 12 of FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale.
  • FIG. 5 in turn shows the central region of FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale.
  • a housing part 65 receiving the injection valve with the actuator piston 30 and the servo valve is screwed to the housing 58.
  • the valve ball 52 of the servo valve is advantageously urged upwards by a spring 66 into contact with a pin 68 actuated by the piezo actuator 54 or a first seat 70 (FIG. 5).
  • the pin 58 cooperates with a component 72 which is guided in a bore in the housing 58 and in which the piezo actuator 54 is also accommodated and which is supported on the piezo actuator 54 via a hemisphere 74.
  • a seal 78 is provided for sealing between the component 72 and the inner wall of the bore 76.
  • the components 58, 72 and 74 form the shaft designated 56 in FIG. 2.
  • a needle stroke transmitter 80 is provided, with which the degree of opening of the injection valve, not shown in FIG. 4, can be precisely determined.
  • FIG 5 shows the central part of the servo valve, which has two housing bodies 82 and 84, which are clamped against one another between the housing 58 and the housing part 65 screwed to it.
  • the housing bodies 82 and 84 have bores which are aligned with one another and form part of the supply line 10 which is subjected to high pressure. Furthermore, the housing body 82 is provided with a through bore 86, with which a blind bore 88 of the housing body 84 is aligned. A bore representing the high-pressure line 48 leads from the blind bore 88 to the feed line 10.
  • the sides of the bores 86 and 88 opening onto the separating surfaces between the housing bodies 82 and 84 are machined in such a way that they receive the ball 52 forming the valve member with an oversize and, according to FIG. 5 above, a first seat 70 and according to FIG. 5 below a second Form seat 90. Between the seats 70 and 90 leads from the the ball 52 receiving valve chamber 40 (FIG. 2) the connection opening 38 to the connection line 34, in which the connection throttle 36 is arranged. In FIG. 5, the inlet throttle 46 shown in FIG. 2 is missing in the high-pressure line 48.
  • the through hole 86 ends at the top in an annular recess 90, from which the return line 14, not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, goes out.
  • the pin 68 shown in FIG. 4 advantageously has longitudinal grooves on its outside so that it does not close the through hole 86.
  • the ball 52 lies on the upper one in the figures, i.e. first seat 70 (Fig. 5).
  • the return line 14 is closed and the high pressure line 48 is connected to the connecting line 34, so that the working chamber 32 is pressurized with high pressure when the system pressure is present.
  • the injection nozzle is then closed because the force acting on the nozzle body 26 from the working chamber 32 is greater than the force acting from the nozzle chamber 28.
  • the piezo actuator 54 If the piezo actuator 54 is excited, the ball 52 is lifted against the high system pressure from the first seat 70 and comes into contact with the second seat 90 (FIG. 5), as a result of which the high-pressure line 48 is separated from the valve chamber 40 and the connecting line 34 the return line 14 is connected. Fluid flows out of the working chamber 32. The pressure drop causes the nozzle body 26 to move upwards under the influence of the high pressure acting from the nozzle chamber 28 and the nozzle to open.
  • the dynamics of the system are extremely precise due to the extraordinarily small valve lift and the rapid response behavior of the piezo actuator and can be varied by appropriate selection of the throttles 46 and / or 36.
  • the period during which both seats are open and the high pressure line 48 is connected to the return line 14 is extremely short, so that losses are reduced to a minimum.

Abstract

The servo valve has a valve housing with a valve chamber (40) containing a valve element (52) controlled by a piezo actuator (54), a high pressure opening (44), a connection opening (38) and a feedback opening (50). The valve element is displaced between 2 valve seats in which the feedback opening is closed and the high pressure opening is coupled to the connection opening and in which the high pressure opening is closed and the connection opening is coupled to the feedback opening.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Servoventil für eine Einspritzdüse gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a servo valve for an injection nozzle according to the preamble of the main claim.

Ein solches Servoventil ist im SAE paper Nr. 910252 "Development of New Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection System ECD-U2 for Diesel Engines" beschrieben. Sein Ventilglied besteht aus einem äußeren Ventilkörper und einem in diesem geführten inneren Ventilkörper. Der äußere Ventilkörper ist normalerweise von einer Feder nach unten in Anlage an den ersten Ventilsitz gedrängt, so daß die Rücklauföffnung geschlossen ist. Das innere Ventilglied wird vom Druck in der Ventilkammer nach oben bewegt und gibt dabei eine im äußeren Ventilglied ausgebildete Hochdrucköffnung frei. Wenn eine elektromagnetische Spule erregt wird, bewegt sich das äußere Ventilglied aufwärts und hebt vom ersten Sitz ab, so daß die Verbindungsöffnung mit der Rücklauföffnung verbunden wird. Die Aufwärtsbewegung des äußeren Ventilglieds hält an, bis sich der an diesem ausgebildete zweite Sitz in Anlage an das innere Ventilglied bewegt, wodurch die Hochdrucköffnung verschlossen wird.Such a servo valve is described in SAE paper No. 910252 "Development of New Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection System ECD-U2 for Diesel Engines". Its valve member consists of an outer valve body and an inner valve body guided therein. The outer valve body is normally urged downward by a spring to abut the first valve seat so that the return port is closed. The inner valve member is moved upward by the pressure in the valve chamber and thereby releases a high pressure opening formed in the outer valve member. When an electromagnetic coil is energized, the outer valve member moves up and lifts from the first seat so that the communication port is connected to the return port. The upward movement of the outer valve member continues until the second seat formed thereon moves against the inner valve member, thereby closing the high pressure opening.

Das vorbekannte Servoventil ist in seinem Aufbau verhältnismäßig aufwendig, da eine in seinem Gehäuse ausgebildete Führung für das äußere Ventilglied und eine an der Innenseite des äußeren Ventilglieds ausgebildete Führung für das innere Ventilglied präzise gefertigt sein müssen. Die Führung zwischen dem inneren Ventilglied und dem äußeren Ventilglied ist bei offenem zweiten Sitz mit unter Hochdruck stehendem Fluid beaufschlagt, was zu Leckverlusten führt. Zusätzlich bedingt die elektromagnetische Betätigung des äußeren Ventilgliedes systemimmanent verhältnismäßig große Verzögerungszeiten zwischen dem Beginn der Erregung der Magnetspule und der Bewegung des äußeren Ventilglieds, die verhältnismäßig reibungsbehaftet ist, da sich das äußere Ventilglied an seiner Außenseite gegenüber dem Gehäuse und an seiner Innenseite gegenüber dem inneren Ventilglied bewegt.The construction of the known servo valve is relatively complex, since a guide formed in its housing for the outer valve member and a guide formed on the inside of the outer valve member for the inner valve member have to be manufactured precisely. When the second seat is open, the guide between the inner valve member and the outer valve member is pressurized with high-pressure fluid, which leads to leakage losses. In addition, the electromagnetic actuation of the outer valve member inherently causes relatively large delay times between the start of the excitation of the solenoid coil and the movement of the outer valve member, which is relatively fraught with friction, since the outer valve member is on the outside against the housing and on the inside against the inner valve member emotional.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Servoventil dahingehend weiter zu entwickeln, daß die genannten Probleme nicht auftreten.The invention has for its object to further develop a generic servo valve such that the problems mentioned do not occur.

Das im Hauptanspruch gekennzeichnete erfindungsgemäße Servoventil ist kompakt und außerordentlich einfach und somit kostengünstig herstellbar, insbesondere weil keine Doppelpassungen erforderlich sind. Das Ventilglied, das unmittelbar durch die Rücklauföffnung hindurch vom Betätigungsglied her betätigt wird, kann mittels des elektrisch ansteuerbaren, längenveränderlichen Bauteils unmittelbar gegen den in der Ventilkammer herrschenden hohen Druck geöffnet werden, wobei Hübe in der Größenordnung von 20 bis 30 µm ausreichen, um das Servoventil umzuschalten. deshalb können Piezoaktuatoren oder magnetostriktive Aktuatoren vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. Mittels eines Pieziaktuators und der kleinen Hübe sind außerordentlich rasche Schaltzeiten und präzise Betätigungen des Servoventils möglich. Desweiteren ist der Geschwindigkeitsverlauf der Hubbewegung des Ventilgliedes durch entsprechende Ansteuerung des längenveränderlichen Bauteils bzw. Aktautors steuerbar, so daß das Ventilglied in weiche Anlage an die Sitze kommt, was für eine lange Lebensdauer vorteilhaft ist. Das längenveränderliche Bauteil ist vorteilhafterweise so angeordnet, daß die Einspritzdüse im spannungs- bzw. stromlosen Zustand geschlossen ist, was für die Systemsicherheit vorteilhaft ist. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Servoventil sind außerordentlich hohe Systemdrücke möglich. Die Hochdruckleitung ist unmittelbar an die Ventilkammer angeschlossen, wodurch keine gegenüber Hockdruck dichtenden Kolbenführungen oder ähnliches erforderlich sind.The servo valve according to the invention characterized in the main claim is compact and extremely simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture, in particular because no double fits are required. The valve member, which is actuated directly through the return opening by the actuator, can be opened directly against the high pressure prevailing in the valve chamber by means of the electrically controllable, variable-length component, strokes of the order of 20 to 30 μm being sufficient for the servo valve switch. therefore, piezo actuators or magnetostrictive actuators can be used advantageously. Using a piezo actuator and the small strokes, extremely fast switching times and precise actuation of the servo valve are possible. Furthermore, the speed profile of the stroke movement of the valve member can be controlled by appropriate control of the variable-length component or actuator, so that the valve member comes into soft contact with the seats, which is advantageous for a long service life. The variable-length component is advantageously arranged such that the injection nozzle is closed in the de-energized or de-energized state, which is advantageous for system security. With the servo valve according to the invention, extremely high system pressures are possible. The high-pressure line is connected directly to the valve chamber, so that no piston guides or the like that seal against high pressure are required.

Die Unteransprüche sind auf vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Servoventils gerichtet.The subclaims are directed to advantageous developments of the servo valve according to the invention.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen beispielsweise und mit weiteren Einzelheiten erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to schematic drawings, for example and with further details.

Es stellen dar:

Fig. 1
ein Gesamtschema eines common-rail-Systems,
Fig. 2
das Hydraulikschema mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Servoventil,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Servoventil mit integrierter Ein spritzdüse,
Fig. 4
eine vergrößerte Ansicht eines Ausschnitts der Fig. 3 und
Fig. 5
eine vergrößerte Ansicht eines Ausschnitts der Fig. 4.
They represent:
Fig. 1
an overall diagram of a common rail system,
Fig. 2
the hydraulic diagram with a servo valve according to the invention,
Fig. 3
2 shows a section through a servo valve according to the invention with an integrated injection nozzle,
Fig. 4
an enlarged view of a section of FIGS. 3 and
Fig. 5
4 shows an enlarged view of a section of FIG. 4.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist ein Kraftstofftank 2 über ein Filter und eine Vorförderpumpe 4 mit einer common-rail (CR)-Hochdruckpumpe 6 verbunden. Von der Hochdruckpumpe führt eine Leitung einer Verteilerleitung (common-rail) 8, die über Zuleitungen 10 mit jedem Zylinder einer mehrzylindrischen Brennkraftmaschine zugeordneten Einspritzdüseneinheiten 12 verbunden ist.1, a fuel tank 2 is connected to a common rail (CR) high-pressure pump 6 via a filter and a prefeed pump 4. A line from a high-pressure pump leads to a distribution line (common rail) 8, which is connected via feed lines 10 to each injector unit 12 assigned to each cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine.

Die Einspritzdüseneinheiten 12 sind über Rückleitungen 14 mit einer zum Tank 2 führenden Rücklaufleitung 16 verbunden.The injection nozzle units 12 are connected via return lines 14 to a return line 16 leading to the tank 2.

Der Systemdruck wird mit Hilfe eines Begrenzungsventils 18 begrenzt und kann bis 2000 bar betragen.The system pressure is limited with the aid of a limiting valve 18 and can be up to 2000 bar.

Ein elektronisches Steuergerät 20 ist mit seinen Ausgängen mit der Hochdruckpumpe 6 sowie den Einspritzdüseneinheiten 12 verbunden. Die Eingänge 22 des Steuergerätes sind mit einem Drucksensor 24 in der Verteilerleitung 8 sowie weiteren, nicht dargestellten Sensoren verbunden, beispielsweise für die Stellung eines Fahrpedals, die Fahrgeschwindigkeit, Temperaturen, Ladedruck, Luftmasse, Drehzahl usw..The outputs of an electronic control unit 20 are connected to the high-pressure pump 6 and the injection nozzle units 12. The inputs 22 of the control unit are connected to a pressure sensor 24 in the distribution line 8 and further sensors, not shown, for example for the position of an accelerator pedal, the driving speed, temperatures, boost pressure, air mass, speed, etc.

Fig. 2 zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer Einspritzdüseneinheit mit dem zugehörigen Hydraulikschema.Fig. 2 shows the basic structure of an injection nozzle unit with the associated hydraulic diagram.

Die Einspritzdüseneinheit enthält einen Düsenkörper 26, der in einer Düsennadel endet, die im geschlossenen Zustand der Einspritzdüse an einem Ventilsitz anliegt. Der Düsenkörper 26 durchragt einen Düsenraum 28, der mit der Zuleitung 10 verbunden ist. Der Düsenkörper 26 ist mit einem Aktuatorkolben 30 verbunden bzw. einteilig mit diesem ausgebildet, der in einer Arbeitskammer 32 arbeitet. Die Arbeitskammer 32 ist über eine Verbindungsleitung 34 mit einer Verbindungsdrossel 36 an eine Verbindungsöffnung 38 angeschlossen, die an einer Ventilkammer 40 eines insgesamt mit 42 bezeichneten Servoventils ausgebildet ist.The injection nozzle unit contains a nozzle body 26 which ends in a nozzle needle which, when the injection nozzle is in the closed state, bears against a valve seat. The nozzle body 26 extends through a nozzle space 28 which is connected to the feed line 10. The nozzle body 26 is connected to an actuator piston 30 or is formed in one piece with it, which operates in a working chamber 32. The working chamber 32 is connected via a connecting line 34 with a connecting throttle 36 to a connecting opening 38 which is formed on a valve chamber 40 of a servo valve, generally designated 42.

Die Ventilkammer 40 weist weiter eine Hochdrucköffnung 44 auf, die über eine mit einer Zulaufdrossel 46 versehene Hochdruckleitung 48 mit der Zuleitung 10 verbunden ist.The valve chamber 40 also has a high-pressure opening 44, which is connected to the supply line 10 via a high-pressure line 48 provided with an inlet throttle 46 is.

Eine Rücklauföffnung 50 der Ventilkammer 40 ist an die Rückleitung 14 angeschlossen. Zur Betätigung eines als Kugel 52 ausgebildeten Ventilgliedes ragt durch die Rücklauföffnung 50 hindurch ein von einem Piezoaktuator 54 betätigter Schaft 56. Der Piezoaktuator 54 ist über nicht dargestellte elektrische Anschlüsse mit dem Steuergerät 20 (Fig. 1) verbunden.A return opening 50 of the valve chamber 40 is connected to the return line 14. To actuate a valve member designed as a ball 52, a shaft 56 actuated by a piezo actuator 54 projects through the return opening 50. The piezo actuator 54 is connected to the control unit 20 (FIG. 1) via electrical connections (not shown).

Piezoaktuatoren sind an sich bekannt und aufgebaut wie Kondensatoren, deren Dielektrikum aus piezoelektrischen Material, beispielsweise Blei-Zirkonat-Titanat-Keramik besteht. Moderne Aktuatoren arbeiten mit Feldstärken von bis zu 2000 V/mm und erreichen relative Längenänderungen von bis zu 1,5 Promille. Im dargestellten Beispiel läßt sich mit einer Länge des Piezoaktuators 40 von etwa 30 mm somit ein Hub von etwa 0,03 mm erzielen. Eine typische Schaltzeit liegt bei 50 µs, wobei die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Schaftes 56 durch entsprechende Ansteuerung des Piezoaktuators 54 steuerbar ist.Piezo actuators are known per se and constructed like capacitors, the dielectric of which consists of piezoelectric material, for example lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic. Modern actuators work with field strengths of up to 2000 V / mm and achieve relative changes in length of up to 1.5 per mille. In the example shown, a stroke of approximately 0.03 mm can thus be achieved with a length of the piezo actuator 40 of approximately 30 mm. A typical switching time is 50 μs, the speed of movement of the shaft 56 being controllable by appropriately controlling the piezo actuator 54.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Gesamtschnittansicht einer Einspritzdüseneinheit 12 mit Gehäuse 58 und Hochdruckanschluß 60 zum Anschließen an die Verteilerleitung 8 (Fig. 1). Nicht dargestellt sind elektrische Anschlüsse, mittels derer der Piezoaktuator 54 mit dem Steuergerät 20 verbunden ist.FIG. 3 shows an overall sectional view of an injection nozzle unit 12 with housing 58 and high-pressure connection 60 for connection to the distributor line 8 (FIG. 1). Electrical connections, by means of which the piezo actuator 54 is connected to the control unit 20, are not shown.

Da die gesamte Einspritzdüseneinheit 12 unmittelbar auf dem Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine angebracht ist, ist es für die Präzision der Ventilbetätigung vorteilhaft, unterschiedliche Längendehnungen zwischen dem Piezoaktuator 54 und dem Gehäuse 58, das den Piezoaktuator 54 aufnimmt, auszugleichen. Dies geschieht beispielsweise dadurch, daß das Gehäuse 58 zumindest im Bereich des Piezoaktuators 54 aus einem Material ähnlich geringer Wärmedehnung wie das des Piezoaktuators 54 besteht, beispielsweise aus Invarstahl. Bei einer anderen Variante, bei der das Gehäuse 58 aus normalem Stahl besteht, kann ein mittels einer Schraube 62 an dem Gehäuse 58 befestigter Einsatzbolzen 64 aus einem Material bestehen, das eine größere Wärmedehnung als die des Gehäusematerials aufweist, beispielsweise aus Aluminium. Durch zweckentsprechende Abstimmung der Länge des Einsatzbolzens 64 bezüglich der Länge des Piezoaktuators 54 und des Materials des Gehäuses 58 sowie dessen Länge kann die geringe Wärmedehnung des Piezoaktuators 54 kompensiert werden.Since the entire injection nozzle unit 12 is mounted directly on the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, it is advantageous for the precision of the valve actuation to compensate for different linear expansions between the piezo actuator 54 and the housing 58, which accommodates the piezo actuator 54. This takes place, for example, in that the housing 58, at least in the area of the piezo actuator 54, consists of a material of similarly low thermal expansion as that of the piezo actuator 54, for example Invar steel. In another variant, in which the housing 58 is made of normal steel, an insert bolt 64 which is fastened to the housing 58 by means of a screw 62 can consist of a material which has greater thermal expansion than that of the housing material, for example aluminum. By appropriately matching the length of the insert bolt 64 with respect to the length of the piezo actuator 54 and the material of the housing 58 and its length the low thermal expansion of the piezo actuator 54 can be compensated.

Fig. 4 stellt den mittleren Bereich der Einspritzdüseneinheit 12 der Fig. 3 in vergrößertem Maßstab dar. Fig. 5 wiederum zeigt den mittleren Bereich der Fig. 4 in vergrößertem Maßstab.FIG. 4 shows the central region of the injector unit 12 of FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale. FIG. 5 in turn shows the central region of FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale.

Wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, ist ein das Einspritzventil mit dem Aktuatorkolben 30 und das Servoventil aufnehmendes Gehäuseteil 65 mit dem Gehäuse 58 verschraubt. Die Ventilkugel 52 des servoventils wird vorteilhafterweise von einer Feder 66 nach oben in Anlage an einen vom Piezoaktuator 54 betätigten Zapfen 68 bzw. einen ersten Sitz 70 (Fig. 5) gedrängt. Der Zapfen 58 arbeitet mit einem in einer Bohrung des Gehäuses 58, in der auch der Piezoaktuator 54 aufgenommen ist, geführten Bauteil 72 zusammen, das sich über eine Halbkugel 74 an dem Piezoaktuator 54 abstützt. Zur Abdichtung zwischen dem Bauteil 72 und der Innenwand der Bohrung 76 ist eine Dichtung 78 vorgesehen. Die Bauteile 58,72 und 74 bilden den in Fig. 2 mit 56 bezeichneten Schaft.As can be seen from FIG. 4, a housing part 65 receiving the injection valve with the actuator piston 30 and the servo valve is screwed to the housing 58. The valve ball 52 of the servo valve is advantageously urged upwards by a spring 66 into contact with a pin 68 actuated by the piezo actuator 54 or a first seat 70 (FIG. 5). The pin 58 cooperates with a component 72 which is guided in a bore in the housing 58 and in which the piezo actuator 54 is also accommodated and which is supported on the piezo actuator 54 via a hemisphere 74. A seal 78 is provided for sealing between the component 72 and the inner wall of the bore 76. The components 58, 72 and 74 form the shaft designated 56 in FIG. 2.

Für die Wegaufnahme des Aktuatorkolbens 30 ist ein Nadelhubgeber 80 vorgesehen, mit dem der Öffnungsgrad des in Fig. 4 nicht dargestellten Einspritzventils genau bestimmbar ist.For the displacement of the actuator piston 30, a needle stroke transmitter 80 is provided, with which the degree of opening of the injection valve, not shown in FIG. 4, can be precisely determined.

Fig. 5 zeigt den zentralen Teil des Servoventils, der zwei Gehäusekörper 82 und 84 aufweist, die zwischen dem Gehäuse 58 und dem mit diesem verschraubten Gehäuseteil 65 gegeneinander gespannt sind.5 shows the central part of the servo valve, which has two housing bodies 82 and 84, which are clamped against one another between the housing 58 and the housing part 65 screwed to it.

Der Gehäusekörper 82 und 84 weisen miteinander fluchtende Bohrungen auf, die einen Teil der mit Hochdruck beaufschlagten Zuleitung 10 bilden. Weiter ist der Gehäusekörper 82 mit einer Durchgangsbohrung 86 versehen, mit der eine Sackbohrung 88 des Gehäusekörpers 84 fluchtet. Von der Sackbohrung 88 zur Zuleitung 10 führt eine die Hochdruckleitung 48 darstellende Bohrung.The housing bodies 82 and 84 have bores which are aligned with one another and form part of the supply line 10 which is subjected to high pressure. Furthermore, the housing body 82 is provided with a through bore 86, with which a blind bore 88 of the housing body 84 is aligned. A bore representing the high-pressure line 48 leads from the blind bore 88 to the feed line 10.

Die an die Trennflächen zwischen den Gehäusekörpern 82 und 84 mündenden Seiten der Bohrungen 86 und 88 sind derart bearbeitet, daß sie mit Übermaß die das Ventilglied bildende Kugel 52 aufnehmen und gemäß Fig. 5 oben einen ersten Sitz 70 und gemäß Fig. 5 unten einen zweiten Sitz 90 bilden. Zwischen den Sitzen 70 und 90 führt von der die Kugel 52 aufnehmenden Ventilkammer 40 (Fig. 2) die Verbindungsöffnung 38 zur Verbindungsleitung 34, in der die Verbindungsdrossel 36 angeordnet ist. In Fig. 5 fehlt die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Zulaufdrossel 46 in der Hochdruckleitung 48.The sides of the bores 86 and 88 opening onto the separating surfaces between the housing bodies 82 and 84 are machined in such a way that they receive the ball 52 forming the valve member with an oversize and, according to FIG. 5 above, a first seat 70 and according to FIG. 5 below a second Form seat 90. Between the seats 70 and 90 leads from the the ball 52 receiving valve chamber 40 (FIG. 2) the connection opening 38 to the connection line 34, in which the connection throttle 36 is arranged. In FIG. 5, the inlet throttle 46 shown in FIG. 2 is missing in the high-pressure line 48.

Die Durchgangsbohrung 86 endet oben in einer ringförmigen Ausnehmung 90, von der aus die in den Fig. 4 und 5 nicht dargestellte Rückleitung 14 abgeht. Der in Fig. 4 gezeigte Zapfen 68 weist an seiner Außenseite vorteilhafterweise Längsnuten auf, so daß er die Durchgangsbohrung 86 nicht verschließt.The through hole 86 ends at the top in an annular recess 90, from which the return line 14, not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, goes out. The pin 68 shown in FIG. 4 advantageously has longitudinal grooves on its outside so that it does not close the through hole 86.

Die Funktion der beschriebenen Anordnung ist folgende:The function of the arrangement described is as follows:

Im nicht bestromten Zustand des Piezoaktuators 54 liegt die Kugel 52 am in den Fig. oberen, d.h. ersten Sitz 70 (Fig. 5). Somit ist die Rückleitung 14 geschlossen und die Hochdruckleitung 48 mit der Verbindungsleitung 34 verbunden, so daß die Arbeitskammer 32 bei vorhandenem Systemdruck mit Hochdruck beaufschlagt ist. Die Einspritzdüse ist dann geschlossen, da die auf dem Düsenkörper 26 von der Arbeitskammer 32 her wirkenden Kraft größer ist als die vom Düsenraum 28 her wirkende Kraft.In the de-energized state of the piezo actuator 54, the ball 52 lies on the upper one in the figures, i.e. first seat 70 (Fig. 5). Thus, the return line 14 is closed and the high pressure line 48 is connected to the connecting line 34, so that the working chamber 32 is pressurized with high pressure when the system pressure is present. The injection nozzle is then closed because the force acting on the nozzle body 26 from the working chamber 32 is greater than the force acting from the nozzle chamber 28.

Wird der Piezoaktuator 54 erregt, so wird die Kugel 52 gegen den hohen Systemdruck vom ersten Sitz 70 abgehoben und gelangt in Anlage an den zweiten Sitz 90 (Fig. 5), wodurch die Hochdruckleitung 48 von der Ventilkammer 40 getrennt wird und die Verbindungsleitung 34 mit der Rückleitung 14 verbunden wird. Fluid strömt aus der Arbeitskammer 32 ab. Der Druckabfall bewirkt, daß sich der Düsenkörper 26 unter dem Einfluß des vom Düsenraum 28 her wirkenden, hohen Drucks aufwärts bewegt und sich die Düse öffnet.If the piezo actuator 54 is excited, the ball 52 is lifted against the high system pressure from the first seat 70 and comes into contact with the second seat 90 (FIG. 5), as a result of which the high-pressure line 48 is separated from the valve chamber 40 and the connecting line 34 the return line 14 is connected. Fluid flows out of the working chamber 32. The pressure drop causes the nozzle body 26 to move upwards under the influence of the high pressure acting from the nozzle chamber 28 and the nozzle to open.

Die Dynamik des Systems ist aufgrund des außerordentlich kleinen Ventilhubs und das rasche Ansprechverhalten des Piezoaktuators außerordentlich präzise und kann durch zweckentsprechende Wahl der Drosseln 46 und/oder 36 variiert werden. Der Zeitraum, währenddessen beide Sitze offen sind und die Hochdruckleitung 48 mit der Rückleitung 14 verbunden ist, ist außerordentlich kurz, so daß Verluste auf ein Minimum herabgesetzt sind.The dynamics of the system are extremely precise due to the extraordinarily small valve lift and the rapid response behavior of the piezo actuator and can be varied by appropriate selection of the throttles 46 and / or 36. The period during which both seats are open and the high pressure line 48 is connected to the return line 14 is extremely short, so that losses are reduced to a minimum.

Claims (7)

Servoventil für eine Einspritzdüse, insbesondere für common-rail-Systeme, enthaltend: ein Gehäuse (82, 84) mit einer Ventilkammer (40), einer Hochdrucköffnung (44), einer Verbindungsöffnung (38) und einer Rücklauföffnung (50), und ein in der Ventilkammer bewegliches Ventilglied (52), welches mittels einer Betätigungsvorrichtung (54, 56) wahlweise an einen ersten Sitz (70) oder einen zweiten Sitz (90) in Anlage bringbar ist, wobei das Ventilglied bei Anlage an den ersten Sitz die Rücklauföffnung schließt und die Hochdrucköffnung mit der Verbindungsöffnung verbindet und bei Anlage an den zweiten Sitz die Hochdrucköffnung schließt und die Verbindungsöffnung mit der Rücklauföffnung verbindet, und wobei die Verbindungsöffnung mit einer Arbeitskammer (32) der Einspritzdüse verbunden ist, deren Düse bei mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Arbeitskammer geschlossen ist, und bei Druckabfall in der Arbeitskammer öffnet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betätigungsvorrichtung ein bei Beaufschlagung mit elektrischer Spannung oder elektrischem Strom längenveränderliches Bauteil (54) enthält, das über ein Betätigungsglied (68) durch die Rücklauföffnung (50) hindurch mit dem Ventilglied (52) verbunden ist. Servo valve for an injection nozzle, in particular for common rail systems, comprising: a housing (82, 84) with a valve chamber (40), a high-pressure opening (44), a connecting opening (38) and a return opening (50), and a valve member (52) movable in the valve chamber, which can be brought into contact with a first seat (70) or a second seat (90) by means of an actuating device (54, 56), the valve member being in contact with the first seat The return opening closes and connects the high pressure opening to the connecting opening and, when abutting against the second seat, closes the high pressure opening and connects the connecting opening to the return opening, and the connection opening being connected to a working chamber (32) of the injection nozzle, the nozzle of which is closed when the working chamber is under high pressure and opens when the pressure in the working chamber drops, characterized in that the actuating device contains a component (54) which is variable in length when subjected to electrical voltage or electrical current and is connected to the valve member (52) via an actuating member (68) through the return opening (50). Servoventil nach Anspruch 1,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betätigungsvorrichtung einen Piezoaktuator (54) enthält.Servo valve according to claim 1,
characterized in that the actuating device contains a piezo actuator (54). Servoventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventilglied als Kugel (52) ausgebildet ist.Servo valve according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the valve member is designed as a ball (52). Servoventil nach einem er Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventilglied bei spannungslosem Piezoaktuator (54) in Anlage am ersten Sitz (70) ist.Servo valve according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the valve member is in contact with the first seat (70) when the piezo actuator (54) is de-energized. Servoventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der zur Hochdrucköffnung (44) führenden Hochdruckleitung (48) eine Zulaufdrossel (46) angeordnet ist.Servo valve according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that in the high-pressure opening (44) leading high pressure line (48) an inlet throttle (46) is arranged. Servoventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in der Verbindungsöffnung (38) zur Arbeitskammer (32) führenden Verbindungsleitung (34) eine Drossel (36) angeordnet ist.Servo valve according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that a connecting throttle (36) is arranged in the connecting line (34) leading to the working chamber (32) in the connecting opening (38). Servoventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
   dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß thermische Ausdehnungen des Piezoaktuators (54) durch zweckentsprechende Auswahl des Materials des den Piezoaktuator aufnehmenden Gehäuses (58) und/oder ein zusätzliches Bauteil (64) ausgeglichen sind.Servo valve according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that thermal expansions of the piezo actuator (54) are compensated for by appropriate selection of the material of the housing (58) accommodating the piezo actuator and / or an additional component (64).
EP96116113A 1995-10-27 1996-10-08 Metering valve for a fuel injector Expired - Lifetime EP0770776B1 (en)

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DE19540155A DE19540155C2 (en) 1995-10-27 1995-10-27 Servo valve for an injection nozzle
DE19540155 1995-10-27

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EP (1) EP0770776B1 (en)
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JPH09184463A (en) 1997-07-15
EP0770776B1 (en) 2000-08-09
CN1062493C (en) 2001-02-28
DE19540155C2 (en) 2000-07-13
CN1156216A (en) 1997-08-06
DE59605709D1 (en) 2000-09-14
US5819710A (en) 1998-10-13
DE19540155A1 (en) 1997-04-30
ES2151627T3 (en) 2001-01-01

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