EP0774540A2 - Method for controlling the breaking length in the transverse direction of a moving fibrous web - Google Patents
Method for controlling the breaking length in the transverse direction of a moving fibrous web Download PDFInfo
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- EP0774540A2 EP0774540A2 EP96118249A EP96118249A EP0774540A2 EP 0774540 A2 EP0774540 A2 EP 0774540A2 EP 96118249 A EP96118249 A EP 96118249A EP 96118249 A EP96118249 A EP 96118249A EP 0774540 A2 EP0774540 A2 EP 0774540A2
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- Prior art keywords
- web
- fiber layer
- fiber orientation
- paper web
- headbox
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/02—Head boxes of Fourdrinier machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
- D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/09—Uses for paper making sludge
- Y10S162/10—Computer control of paper making variables
- Y10S162/11—Wet end paper making variables
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for influencing the tear length cross profile of a running fibrous web in a paper machine by means of a stock density-controlled headbox, which spreads the stock suspension on or between two screens.
- the paper stock suspension is fed to the flow chamber of the headbox by means of a plurality of channels which are distributed parallel and evenly distributed over the machine width.
- Each channel is preceded by a mixer with which the concentration and the throughput in the channel can be variably adjusted. Thanks to this principle, there is no need for adjusting spindles on the lips of the outlet channel of the headbox.
- the lips are kept straight by a more or less rigid construction, so that the outlet gap seen across the width between the lips has a constant width. In other constructions - such as B. in US 5196 091 - the outlet gap is also adjusted.
- the tear length is a measure of the tear strength of the paper. This measure indicates how long a strip of paper can be until it tears under the weight of its own weight.
- the tear length can be determined in the longitudinal direction of the paper web, but also in the transverse direction.
- a particular problem is the so-called rip length ratio.
- a web with a large ratio of R L / R Q can absorb strong longitudinal tensile forces. This is of particular interest when processing in high-speed printing presses. There, R L should be large in relation to R Q.
- the invention has for its object to design the paper manufacturing process in such a way that the cross-sections can be influenced by the tear length ratio and basis weight, so that they run primarily in a straight line, that the above-mentioned bath effect is largely suppressed, and thus the profile of the tear length ratio - across the web width considered - becomes as straight as possible.
- the inventors knew that the tear length ratio correlates directly with the fiber orientation ( fiber orientation) in the paper web, but is not solely responsible for it.
- This fiber orientation can be measured off-line and on-line.
- the off-line method is described below.
- Various samples are taken from a finished paper roll at the end of the paper machine across the width of the web. These samples are used to mark the web running direction, the machine's long sides (driver and drive side) and the dimension X, i.e. the distance of the sample from above looking at the paper viewed from the left edge.
- This off-line measurement method gives a good overview of the fiber orientation of the paper web currently being produced, since the production processes are sufficiently stationary over time.
- a fictitious coordinate system is placed on the paper sample to assess the fiber orientation.
- the Y axis points in the direction of web travel and the X axis accordingly transversely to it.
- the tear length is now determined, for example, as a function of the measurement angle (positive angle from positive Y axis in the direction of positive X axis and negative angle from positive Y axis in the direction of negative X axis).
- the presentation of the results in the form of vectors, the starting points of which are at the origin of the fictitious coordinate system results in a semi-ellipse, the main axes of which may not coincide with the coordinate axes.
- the orientation of the main axes was determined in the direction of web travel or clockwise at right angles to it.
- the ratio of the location vector in the Y direction to the location vector in the positive X direction then results in the so-called tear length ratio.
- the value is dimensionless.
- the angle between the maximum location vector and the positive Y axis indicates the fiber orientation angle.
- anisotropy This property of the direction-dependent strength value of the paper is called anisotropy. For example, it is expressed quantitatively with the tear length ratio.
- the inventors have recognized that, despite the large number of parameters to be observed and in some cases mutually dependent, the setting of a substantially flat basis weight profile and a tear length ratio cross profile is possible at the same time.
- Such a headbox also has a sectionally adjustable orifice, there is another control element.
- the effect of the basis weight increase at the web edges can thus be compensated for.
- further measures to influence the consistency and / or volume flow are then necessary to ensure good fiber orientation.
- a uniform fiber orientation cross profile does not mean that the tear length ratio cross profile is also good at the same time.
- the inventors take into account the change in the transverse tear length due to the transverse shrinkage, in particular the change in the transverse tear length in the area of the web edge.
- the fiber layer across the web width is deliberately set differently in the edge area than in the middle area.
- the tools for this are the influencing of the fiber layer by sectionally different turbulence states, orifice openings, volume flows, material densities, differential speeds between screen and material jet and wall roughness.
- curve 1 shows a sketch of the tear length ratio - cross profile R L / R Q of a web before the measures according to the invention are applied.
- a and B indicate the respective web edges.
- the so-called "bath tub profile” is clearly recognizable.
- Graph 2 ideally shows the tear length ratio cross profile after the measures according to the invention have been applied.
- Graph 3 shows the fiber orientation angle alpha over the width of a web, as can be seen in FIGS. 3a to c as representatives of a specific fiber orientation cross profile.
- Figures 2b to 5b have been chosen by way of example so that their fiber orientation angle is zero. In practice, however, they can deviate slightly from this value in relation to the edge area of a web.
- the main axis 6 of the fiber orientation ellipses which points more or less in the Y direction, has the same length for illustrative reasons.
- FIGS. 2a to 2c the main axis 6 and the main axes 7, 8, 9 coincide with the axes of the coordinate system.
- the main axes 6, 7, 8 and 9 thus simultaneously embody the tear lengths of these samples.
- the tear length ratio is approximately one in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- a positive value greater than one results for FIG. 2b.
- the fiber orientation angle is zero in each of FIGS. 2a to c.
- FIGS. 3a and 3c the main axes 6, 12 and 13 do not coincide with the tear lengths 14, 15 and 16, 17 because of the fiber orientation angle 10 and 11, respectively.
- the fiber orientation angle is zero and therefore the main axes coincide with the tear lengths.
- Figures 3a to c represent graphs 3 and 1 in Figure 1.
- Figures 4a to c correspond to Figures 2a to c after the paper web has dried.
- the auxiliary lines 18, 19, 21 and 22 the width of the web has shrunk.
- the auxiliary lines 18 and 22 show a greater shrinkage in the outermost edge region than the auxiliary lines 19 and 21 in the region located further towards the center of the web.
- the transverse tear length has now been set such that the same tear length ratio arises for the fiber orientation ellipses in the edge region as for the middle web region.
- the main axis 7 became a vector 23.
- the vector 23 essentially corresponds to the vector 8, since the shrinkage due to drying has only an insignificant effect in the middle of the web.
- FIGS. 5a to c correspond to FIGS. 3a to c after the paper web has dried. The same applies here to FIGS. 2a to c and FIGS. 4a to c.
- the tear length 24 of Figures 5b corresponds to that of Figures 5a and c.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 zur Beeinflussung des Reißlängen-Querprofiles einer laufenden Faserstoffbahn in einer Papiermaschine mittels eines stoffdichtegeregelten Stoffauflaufs, der die Stoffsuspension auf ein bzw. zwischen zwei Siebe ausbringt.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of
Stoffaufläufe dieser Art sind beispielsweise aus folgenden Schriften bekannt:
- (1) DE 35 14 554 A1
- (2) US 5,196,091
- (3) DE 40 19 593 C2
- (1) DE 35 14 554 A1
- (2) US 5,196,091
- (3) DE 40 19 593 C2
Wesentliche Qualitätsmerkmale von Papierbahnen sind die Gleichmäßigkeit der Papierdicke, die Festigkeiten in Längs- und Querrichtung, die Faserorientierung und das Flächengewicht, jeweils über die Bahnbreite hinweg gesehen. Insbesondere das Flächengewichtsprofil ist von entscheidender Bedeutung.Significant quality features of paper webs are the uniformity of the paper thickness, the strengths in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the fiber orientation and the basis weight, each seen across the web width. The basis weight profile is of particular importance.
Aus DE 40 19 593 C2 sind Maßnahmen bekannt, um die Profile dieser Eigenschaften weitgehend gleichmäßig zu machen. Hierbei wird die Papierstoffsuspension der Strömungskammer des Stoffauflaufs mittels einer Mehrzahl von Kanälen zugeführt, die über die Maschinenbreite gleichmäßig verteilt parallel nebeneinander liegen. Jedem Kanal ist ein Mischer vorgeschaltet, mit dem sich die Konzentration und der Durchsatz im Kanal variabel einstellen läßt. Dank dieses Prinzips braucht man an den Lippen des Auslaufkanales des Stoffauflaufes keine Verstellspindeln. Die Lippen werden durch eine mehr oder minder steife Konstruktion gerade gehalten, so daß auch der Auslaufspalt zwischen den Lippen über die Breite hinweg gesehen eine konstante Weite hat. Bei anderen Konstruktionen - wie z. B. in der US 5196 091 - wird zusätzlich auch der Auslaufspalt verstellt.Measures are known from DE 40 19 593 C2 in order to make the profiles of these properties largely uniform. In this case, the paper stock suspension is fed to the flow chamber of the headbox by means of a plurality of channels which are distributed parallel and evenly distributed over the machine width. Each channel is preceded by a mixer with which the concentration and the throughput in the channel can be variably adjusted. Thanks to this principle, there is no need for adjusting spindles on the lips of the outlet channel of the headbox. The lips are kept straight by a more or less rigid construction, so that the outlet gap seen across the width between the lips has a constant width. In other constructions - such as B. in US 5196 091 - the outlet gap is also adjusted.
Die Reißlänge stellt ein Maß für die Reißfestigkeit des Papieres dar. Dieses Maß gibt an, wie lang ein Papierstreifen sein kann, bis er unter der Last seines eigenen Gewichtes abreißt.The tear length is a measure of the tear strength of the paper. This measure indicates how long a strip of paper can be until it tears under the weight of its own weight.
Die Reißlänge kann man in Längsrichtung der Papierbahn ermitteln, aber auch in Querrichtung. Ein besonderes Problem ist das sogenannte Reißlängenverhältnis. Hieraus kann man das Verhältnis RL/RQ (= Reißlängenverhältnis) ermitteln. Messungen haben ergeben, daß das Reißlängenverhältnis - über die Breite der Papierbahn hinweg gemessen - unterschiedlich groß ist. In einem mittleren Bereich über die Bahnbreite ist es einigermaßen konstant, während es nach den Rändern hin zunimmt, so daß das Reißlängenverhältnis - über die Papierbahn dargestellt, der Innenkontur einer nach oben oder nach unten offenen Badewanne ähnelt.The tear length can be determined in the longitudinal direction of the paper web, but also in the transverse direction. A particular problem is the so-called rip length ratio. The ratio R L / R Q (= tear length ratio) can be determined from this. Measurements have shown that the tear length ratio - measured across the width of the paper web - is of different sizes. In a central area across the web width, it is somewhat constant, while it increases towards the edges, so that the tear length ratio - shown over the paper web - resembles the inner contour of a bathtub that is open upwards or downwards.
Eine Bahn mit einem großen Verhältnis von RL/RQ kann starke Zugkräfte in Längsrichtung aufnehmen. Dies ist besonders bei der Verarbeitung in schnell laufenden Druckmaschinen von Interesse. Dort sollte somit RL groß sein, in Bezug auf RQ.A web with a large ratio of R L / R Q can absorb strong longitudinal tensile forces. This is of particular interest when processing in high-speed printing presses. There, R L should be large in relation to R Q.
Hingegen ist bei sogenannten Formatpapieren sowie bei vielen Verpackungspapieren eine möglichst gleich große Festigkeit in Längsrichtung und in Querrichtung erwünscht. Ist dies nicht der Fall, sondern ist die Querfestigkeit an den Bahnrändern gering, so kommt es zu einem Abreißen des Blattes bei Beanspruchung in Querrichtung.On the other hand, with so-called format papers and with many packaging papers, the greatest possible strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions is desired. If this is not the case, but if the transverse strength at the edges of the web is low, the sheet will tear off when subjected to stress in the transverse direction.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Papierherstellungsprozeß derart zu gestalten, daß die Querprofile von Reißlängenverhältnis und Flächengewicht beeinflußbar sind, so daß sie vor allem geradlinig verlaufen, daß der obengenannte Badewanneneffekt weitgehend unterdrückt wird, und daß somit das Profil des Reißlängenverhältnisses - über die Bahnbreite betrachtet - möglichst geradlinig wird.The invention has for its object to design the paper manufacturing process in such a way that the cross-sections can be influenced by the tear length ratio and basis weight, so that they run primarily in a straight line, that the above-mentioned bath effect is largely suppressed, and thus the profile of the tear length ratio - across the web width considered - becomes as straight as possible.
Den Erfindern war bekannt, daß das Reißlängenverhältnis mit der Faserausrichtung (= Faserorientierung) in der Papierbahn direkt korreliert, aber nicht allein dafür verantwortlich ist. Diese Faserorientierung ist Off-Line und On-Line meßbar. Im folgendem soll die Off-Line-Methode beschrieben werden. Man nimmt dazu von einem fertigen Papier-Wickel am Ende der Papiermaschine über die Breite der Bahn verschiedene Proben. An diesen Proben kennzeichnet man die Bahnlaufrichtung, die Maschinenlängsseiten - (Führer- und Triebseite) und das Maß X, d.h. das Abstandsmaß der Probe von oben auf das Papier blikkend betrachtet vom - linken Rand.The inventors knew that the tear length ratio correlates directly with the fiber orientation (= fiber orientation) in the paper web, but is not solely responsible for it. This fiber orientation can be measured off-line and on-line. The off-line method is described below. Various samples are taken from a finished paper roll at the end of the paper machine across the width of the web. These samples are used to mark the web running direction, the machine's long sides (driver and drive side) and the dimension X, i.e. the distance of the sample from above looking at the paper viewed from the left edge.
Diese Off-Line-Meßmethode gibt einen guten Überblick über die Faserorientierung der aktuell produzierten Papierbahn, da die Produktionsprozesse zeitlich ausreichend stationär sind.This off-line measurement method gives a good overview of the fiber orientation of the paper web currently being produced, since the production processes are sufficiently stationary over time.
Zur Beurteilung der Faserorientierung wird auf die Papierprobe ein fiktives Koordinatensystem gelegt. Die Y-Achse weist dabei in Bahnlaufrichtung und die X-Achse entsprechend quer dazu. Unabhängig von der verwendeten Meßmethode wird nun in Abhängigkeit von dem Meßwinkel (positiver Winkel von positiver Y-Achse in Richtung positive X-Achse und negativer Winkel von positiver Y-Achse in Richtung negative X-Achse gemessen) beispielsweise die Reißlänge ermittelt. Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse in Form von Vektoren, deren Anfangspunkte sich im Ursprung des fiktiven Koordinatensystemes befinden, ergibt eine Halbellipse, deren Hauptachsen evtl. nicht mit den Koordinatenachsen zusammenfallen. Die Orientierung der Hauptachsen wurde in Bahnlaufrichtung bzw. im Uhrzeigersinn im rechten Winkel dazu festgelegt.A fictitious coordinate system is placed on the paper sample to assess the fiber orientation. The Y axis points in the direction of web travel and the X axis accordingly transversely to it. Regardless of the measurement method used, the tear length is now determined, for example, as a function of the measurement angle (positive angle from positive Y axis in the direction of positive X axis and negative angle from positive Y axis in the direction of negative X axis). The presentation of the results in the form of vectors, the starting points of which are at the origin of the fictitious coordinate system, results in a semi-ellipse, the main axes of which may not coincide with the coordinate axes. The orientation of the main axes was determined in the direction of web travel or clockwise at right angles to it.
Es hat sich eingebürgert, die Halbellipsen punktsymmetrisch zu spiegeln und als Vollellipse darzustellen, was jedoch aus dem Grunde nicht korrekt ist, weil ein Meßwert unter einem bestimmten Winkel alpha natürlich den identischen - sich nur wiederholenden - Meßwert unter dem Winkel alpha + oder - 180° ergibt. Diese Ellipse soll im folgenden immer Faserorientierungsellipse genannt werden.It has become common practice to mirror the semi-ellipses point-symmetrically and to represent them as a full ellipse, but this is not correct because a measured value at a certain angle alpha naturally has the identical - only repetitive - measured value at the angle alpha + or - 180 ° results. In the following, this ellipse will always be called fiber orientation ellipse.
Das Verhältnis des Ortsvektors in Y-Richtung zu dem Ortsvektor in positiver X-Richtung ergibt dann das sogenannte Reißlängen-Verhältnis. Der Wert ist dimensionslos. Der Winkel zwischen dem maximalen Ortsvektor und der positiven Y-Achse gibt den Faserorientierungswinkel an.The ratio of the location vector in the Y direction to the location vector in the positive X direction then results in the so-called tear length ratio. The value is dimensionless. The angle between the maximum location vector and the positive Y axis indicates the fiber orientation angle.
Diese Eigenschaft des richtungsabhängigen Festigkeitswertes des Papiers nennt man Anisotropie. Quantitativ wird sie beispielsweise mit dem Reißlängenverhältnis ausgedrückt.This property of the direction-dependent strength value of the paper is called anisotropy. For example, it is expressed quantitatively with the tear length ratio.
Um die Eigenschaften Faserorientierung und Festigkeitseigenschaften über die Maschinenbreite - also das Querprofil - darzustellen, benötigt man mindestens drei Diagramme (Längs-Reißlänge, Quer-Reißlänge, Faserorientierungswinkel oder Reißlängenverhältnis, eine Reißlänge, Faserorientierungswinkel). Diese Diagramme bilden dann die Aussagen theoretisch unendlich vieler Faserorientierungsellipsen ab.In order to display the properties of fiber orientation and strength properties across the machine width - i.e. the cross profile - you need at least three diagrams (longitudinal tear length, transverse tear length, fiber orientation angle or length ratio, one tear length, fiber orientation angle). These diagrams then represent the theoretically infinite number of fiber orientation ellipses.
Aus der Praxis war den Erfindern bekannt, daß eine Papierbahn nicht nur in Längsrichtung beim Trocknen schrumpft, sondern auch in Querrichtung. In den Randbereichen schrumpft sie sogar besonders stark. Dieses so entstehende Querschrumpfprofil weist ebenfalls eine der Badewannenform ähnliche Kurve auf.In practice, the inventors knew that a paper web shrinks not only in the longitudinal direction when drying, but also in the transverse direction. In the edge areas, it shrinks particularly strongly. This cross-shrink profile thus created also has a curve similar to the shape of the bathtub.
Papierfasern schrumpfen beim Trocknen zwar quer zu ihrer Längserstreckung stärker als in ihrer Längsrichtung, dennoch ist der stärkere Querschrumpfungseffekt an den Rändern einer Papierbahn nicht allein mit einer für den Randbereich typischen Faserorientierung zu erklären.While paper fibers shrink more strongly in the transverse direction of their longitudinal extension than in their longitudinal direction, the greater transverse shrinkage effect at the edges of a paper web cannot be explained solely by a fiber orientation typical for the edge region.
Den Erfindern war außerdem bewußt, daß irgendwelche Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung der Faserorientierung und damit der Beeinflussung des Reißlängenverhältnisses auf keinen Fall das Flächengewichtsquerprofil verschlechtern dürfen.The inventors were also aware that any measures to influence the fiber orientation and thus to influence the tear length ratio should not under any circumstances degrade the basis weight cross-section.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch den kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 gelöst.The object of the invention is solved by the characterizing part of
Die Erfinder haben erkannt, daß trotz der Vielzahl der zu beachtenden und teilweise sich gegenseitig bedingenden Parametern gleichzeitig die Einstellung eines im wesentlichen ebenen Flächengewichts- und eines Reißlängenverhältnis-Querprofils möglich ist.The inventors have recognized that, despite the large number of parameters to be observed and in some cases mutually dependent, the setting of a substantially flat basis weight profile and a tear length ratio cross profile is possible at the same time.
Seit der Erfindung der stoffdichtegeregelten Stoffaufläufe lassen sich gleichzeitig ein gutes Flächengewichts- und ein gutes Faserorientierungs-Querprofil einstellen.Since the invention of the stock density-controlled headboxes, a good basis weight profile and a good fiber orientation cross profile can be set at the same time.
Verfügt ein solcher Stoffauflauf zusätzlich noch über eine sektional verstellbare Blende, so besitzt man ein weiteres Steuerungselement. So kann z.B. der Effekt der Flächengewichtserhöhung an den Bahnrändern (bedingt durch den an den Rändern stärkeren Querschrumpf) damit kompensiert werden. Parallel dazu sind dann jedoch weitere Maßnahmen der Stoffdichte- und/oder Volumenstrombeeinflussung erforderlich, um für eine gute Faserorientierung zu sorgen.If such a headbox also has a sectionally adjustable orifice, there is another control element. For example, the effect of the basis weight increase at the web edges (due to the greater transverse shrinkage at the edges) can thus be compensated for. At the same time, however, further measures to influence the consistency and / or volume flow are then necessary to ensure good fiber orientation.
Ein gleichmäßiges Faserorientierungs-Querprofil bedeutet aber nicht, daß gleichzeitig auch das Reißlängenverhältnis-Querprofil gut ist.However, a uniform fiber orientation cross profile does not mean that the tear length ratio cross profile is also good at the same time.
Um ein gleichmäßiges Reißlängenverhältnis-Querprofil zu erzielen, (d.h. Reduzierung der "Badewannenränder"), berücksichtigen die Erfinder die Veränderung der Querreißlänge durch die Querschrumpfung, insbesondere die Veränderung der Querreißlänge im Bahnrandbereich. Die Faserlage über die Bahnbreite wird dabei bewußt im Randbereich anders eingestellt als im mittleren Bereich.In order to achieve a uniform tear length ratio cross profile (ie reducing the "bath tub edges"), the inventors take into account the change in the transverse tear length due to the transverse shrinkage, in particular the change in the transverse tear length in the area of the web edge. The fiber layer across the web width is deliberately set differently in the edge area than in the middle area.
Die Hilfsmittel dazu sind die Beeinflussung der Faserlage durch sektional verschiedene Turbulenzzustände, Blendenöffnungen, Volumenströme, Stoffdichten, Differenzgeschwindigkeiten zwischen Sieb- und Stoffstrahl und Wandrauhigkeiten.The tools for this are the influencing of the fiber layer by sectionally different turbulence states, orifice openings, volume flows, material densities, differential speeds between screen and material jet and wall roughness.
Durch diese Maßnahmen läßt sich auch wahlweise das Naßdehnungsverhältnis-Querprofil der Papierbahn einstellen, weil es eine Abhängigkeit zwischen dem Naßdehnungsverhalten und der Reißlänge gibt.These measures can also be used to selectively set the wet stretch ratio cross profile of the paper web because there is a dependency between the wet stretch behavior and the tear length.
Die Erfindung ist anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Darin ist im übrigen folgendes dargestellt:
- Figur 1: Ein Diagramm zur Darstellung des Reißlängenverhältnis-Querprofiles einer Papierbahn.
- Figur 2a bis c: Repräsentative Faserorientierungsellipsen mit einem Faserorientierungswinkel gleich Null einer Papierbahn vor dem Trocknen.
- Figuren 3a bis c: Repräsentative Faserorientierungsellipsen mit einem Faserorientierungswinkel teilweise ungleich Null einer Papierbahn vor dem Trocknen.
- Figuren 4a bis c: Repräsentative Faserorientierungsellipsen mit einem Faserorientierungswinkel gleich Null einer Papierbahn nach dem Trocknen.
- Figuren 5a bis c: Repräsentative Faserorientierungsellipsen mit einem Faserorientierungswinkel teilweise ungleich Null einer Papierbahn nach dem Trocknen.
- Figure 1: A diagram showing the tear length ratio cross profile of a paper web.
- 2a to c: Representative fiber orientation ellipses with a fiber orientation angle equal to zero of a paper web before drying.
- FIGS. 3a to c: Representative fiber orientation ellipses with a fiber orientation angle partly not equal to zero of a paper web before drying.
- Figures 4a to c: Representative fiber orientation ellipses with a fiber orientation angle equal to zero of a paper web after drying.
- FIGS. 5a to c: Representative fiber orientation ellipses with a fiber orientation angle partly not equal to zero of a paper web after drying.
In dem Diagramm der Figur 1 zeigt skizzenhaft die Kurve 1 das Reißlängenverhältnis - Querprofil RL/RQ einer Bahn vor der Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen. Dabei geben A und B die jeweiligen Bahnränder an. Deutlich ist dabei das sogenannte "Badenwannenprofil" zu erkennen. Der Graph 2 zeigt idealisiert das Reißlängenverhältnis-Querprofil nach der Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen. Der Graph 3 stellt den Faserorientierungswinkel alpha über die Breite einer Bahn dar, wie er in den Figuren 3a bis c als Repräsentanten eines bestimmten Faserorientierungsquerprofils zu sehen ist.In the diagram in FIG. 1,
Die Figuren 2b bis 5b wurden beispielhaft so gewählt, daß ihr Faserorientierungswinkel Null ist. In der Praxis können sie aber bezogen auf den Randbereich einer Bahn aber geringfügig von diesem Wert abweichen.Figures 2b to 5b have been chosen by way of example so that their fiber orientation angle is zero. In practice, however, they can deviate slightly from this value in relation to the edge area of a web.
Anstelle des beispielsweisen idealen Reißlängenverhältnis-Querprofiles 2 könnte man dieses auch ersatzweise durch die Graphen des Längs-Reißlängen-Querprofiles RL 4 und des Quer-Reißlängen-Querprofiles RQ 5 ausdrücken.Instead of, for example, the ideal tear length ratio cross profile 2, this could also be expressed alternatively by the graphs of the longitudinal tear length
In den Figuren 2a bis 5c wurde aus Anschauungsgründen die mehr oder weniger in Y-Richtung weisende Hauptachse 6 der Faserorientierungsellipsen mit gleicher Länge dargestellt. Die im Uhrzeigersinn im rechten Winkel dazu befindlichen Hauptachsen weisen (ebenfalls aus Anschauungsgründen) z.T. unterschiedliche Beträge auf.In FIGS. 2a to 5c, the
In den Figuren 2a bis 2c fallen die Hauptachse 6 und die Hauptachsen 7, 8, 9 mit den Achsen des Koordinatensystemes zusammen. Somit verkörpern die Hauptachsen 6, 7, 8 und 9 gleichzeitig die Reißlängen dieser Proben. Das Reißlängenverhältnis ist bei den Figuren 2a und 2b etwa Eins. Für die Figur 2b ergibt sich ein positiver Wert größer Eins. Der Faserorientierungswinkel ist bei den Figuren 2a bis c jeweils Null.In FIGS. 2a to 2c, the
In den Figuren 3a und 3c fallen wegen des Faserorientierungswinkels 10 bzw. 11 die Hauptachsen 6, 12 und 13 nicht mit den Reißlängen 14, 15 bzw. 16, 17 zusammen. Für die Figur 3b ist der Faserorientierungswinkel Null und deshalb fallen die Hauptachsen mit den Reißlängen zusammen. Die Figuren 3a bis c repräsentieren die Graphen 3 und 1 in der Figur 1.In FIGS. 3a and 3c, the
Die Figuren 4a bis c entsprechen den Figuren 2a bis c nach der Trocknung der Papierbahn. Wie man an den Hilfslinien 18, 19, 21 und 22 ablesen kann, ist die Bahn in ihrer Breite dabei geschrumpft. Dabei zeigen die Hilfslinien 18 und 22 eine stärkere Schrumpfung im äußersten Randbereich an, als die Hilfslinien 19 und 21 im weiter zur Bahnmitte hin befindlichen Bereich.Figures 4a to c correspond to Figures 2a to c after the paper web has dried. As can be seen from the
Durch die erfindungsgemäße gezielte Einstellung der Faserlage im Randbereich einer Bahn in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Schrumpfungsverhalten ist nun die Querreißlänge derart eingestellt worden, daß für die Faserorientierungsellipsen im Randbereich das gleiche Reißlängenverhältnis entsteht, wie für den mittleren Bahnbereich. Mit anderen Worten: Aus der Hauptachse 7 wurde ein Vektor 23. Dabei entspricht der Vektor 23 im wesentlichen dem Vektor 8, da sich in der Bahnmitte die Schrumpfung durch Trocknung nur unwesentlich auswirkt.Due to the targeted adjustment of the fiber position in the edge region of a web according to the invention, depending on its shrinkage behavior, the transverse tear length has now been set such that the same tear length ratio arises for the fiber orientation ellipses in the edge region as for the middle web region. In other words, the
Die Figuren 5a bis c entsprechen den Figuren 3a bis c nach der Trocknung der Papierbahn. Es gilt hier entsprechendes zu den Figuren 2a bis c bzw. Figuren 4a bis c. Die Reißlänge 24 der Figuren 5b entspricht denen der Figuren 5a und c.FIGS. 5a to c correspond to FIGS. 3a to c after the paper web has dried. The same applies here to FIGS. 2a to c and FIGS. 4a to c. The
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bahneigenschaftsquerprofil über die Faserlage derart eingestellt wird, daß das Verhältnis der Reißlänge in Längsrichtung zu der Reißlänge in Querrichtung über die Bahnbreite im wesentlichen konstant ist.Method for producing a paper web with an essentially homogeneous basis weight cross profile and a further essentially homogeneous web property cross profile
characterized in that the web property cross profile over the fiber layer is set such that the ratio of the tear length in the longitudinal direction to the tear length in the transverse direction is substantially constant over the web width.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19542873 | 1995-11-17 | ||
| DE19542873 | 1995-11-17 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0774540A2 true EP0774540A2 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| EP0774540A3 EP0774540A3 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| EP0774540B1 EP0774540B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
Family
ID=7777706
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96118249A Expired - Lifetime EP0774540B1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-14 | Method for controlling the breaking length in the transverse direction of a moving fibrous web |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6179963B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0774540B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59608786D1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29713272U1 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1997-11-20 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Headbox to form a fiber suspension layer |
| EP1033437A2 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2000-09-06 | Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent GmbH | Method and device for controlling the breaking length ratio in a paper machine |
| US6179963B1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 2001-01-30 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen Gmbh | Process for influencing the breaking length cross-machine profile of a running fibrous material web |
| DE10351295A1 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-06-02 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Method for producing a fibrous web and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| DE10355687A1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-23 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Process for producing a fibrous web |
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| US7988706B2 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2011-08-02 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Tissue puncture closure device with automatic torque sensing tamping system |
| US7250057B2 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2007-07-31 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico B.V. | Tissue puncture closure device with automatic torque sensing tamping system |
| US7713283B2 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2010-05-11 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico, Llc | Tissue puncture closure device with magazine fed tamping system |
| US7837705B2 (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2010-11-23 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Tissue puncture closure system with retractable sheath |
| US7618438B2 (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2009-11-17 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Tissue puncture closure device with disengagable automatic tamping system |
| US7850710B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2010-12-14 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Puncture closure apparatuses, sealing plugs, and related methods |
| US8298259B2 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-10-30 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Tissue puncture closure device with actuatable automatic spool driven compaction system |
| WO2011019374A1 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Carrier tube for vascular closure device and methods |
| US9820727B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2017-11-21 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Single piece, dual component sealing pad and methods |
| US9603588B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2017-03-28 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Compressible arteriotomy locator for vascular closure devices and methods |
| WO2011025543A2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Monorail system for vascular closure device and methods |
| WO2011037635A1 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Vascular access to closure sheath and methods |
| US9192363B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2015-11-24 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Bioadhesive applicator and methods of sealing tissue punctures using same |
| WO2012009007A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2012-01-19 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Compactionless tissue puncture closure device and methods |
| CA2790931A1 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Clutch release mechanism for vascular closure device |
| EP2611366B1 (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2014-07-02 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico LLC | Disengagable cam system for tissue puncture closure device |
| US9149264B2 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2015-10-06 | St. Jude Medical Puerto Rico Llc | Cam driven compaction tube for vascular closure device |
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| DE3514554A1 (en) | 1984-09-19 | 1986-03-27 | Sulzer-Escher Wyss GmbH, 7980 Ravensburg | Headbox device for a papermachine and a process for operating it |
| US5196091A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1993-03-23 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Headbox apparatus with stock dilution conduits for basis weight control |
| DE4019593C2 (en) | 1990-06-20 | 1994-01-20 | Voith Gmbh J M | Headbox for paper machines |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3837999A (en) * | 1971-12-20 | 1974-09-24 | Kimberly Clark Co | Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet |
| US4687548A (en) | 1984-10-31 | 1987-08-18 | Valmet Oy | Method and apparatus for controlling distortion of fibre orientation in a paper web |
| AT392989B (en) | 1988-05-17 | 1991-07-25 | Voith Ag J M | FABRIC DRAIN FOR PAPER MACHINES |
| FI79363C (en) | 1988-09-26 | 1989-12-11 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | FOERFARANDE OCH ANORDNING I INLOPPSLAODAN AV EN PAPPERSMASKIN FOER ATT BEHAERSKA FOERDELNINGEN I PAPPERSBANANS FIBERORIENTERING. |
| US5383778A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1995-01-24 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Strength control embossing apparatus |
| FI100894B (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 1998-03-13 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | Method and device for headbox adjustment |
| DE59608786D1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 2002-04-04 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Process for influencing the tear length cross profile of a running fibrous web |
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1996
- 1996-11-14 DE DE59608786T patent/DE59608786D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-14 EP EP96118249A patent/EP0774540B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-18 US US08/746,918 patent/US6179963B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3514554A1 (en) | 1984-09-19 | 1986-03-27 | Sulzer-Escher Wyss GmbH, 7980 Ravensburg | Headbox device for a papermachine and a process for operating it |
| DE4019593C2 (en) | 1990-06-20 | 1994-01-20 | Voith Gmbh J M | Headbox for paper machines |
| US5196091A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1993-03-23 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Headbox apparatus with stock dilution conduits for basis weight control |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6179963B1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 2001-01-30 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen Gmbh | Process for influencing the breaking length cross-machine profile of a running fibrous material web |
| DE29713272U1 (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1997-11-20 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Headbox to form a fiber suspension layer |
| EP1033437A2 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2000-09-06 | Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent GmbH | Method and device for controlling the breaking length ratio in a paper machine |
| DE19908973A1 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2000-09-07 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Process for regulating the tear length ratio of a paper web and paper machine produced |
| EP1033437A3 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2001-03-21 | Voith Paper Patent GmbH | Method and device for controlling the breaking length ratio in a paper machine |
| US6251225B1 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2001-06-26 | Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent Gmbh | Process for regulating the breaking length ratio of a manufactured paper web |
| US6536443B1 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2003-03-25 | Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent Gmbh | Apparatus for regulating the breaking length ratio of a manufactured paper web |
| DE10351295A1 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-06-02 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Method for producing a fibrous web and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| DE10355687A1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-23 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Process for producing a fibrous web |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59608786D1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
| EP0774540A3 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| US6179963B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
| EP0774540B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
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