EP0811959A1 - Radio controlled alarm system with substations and safe data transmission - Google Patents

Radio controlled alarm system with substations and safe data transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0811959A1
EP0811959A1 EP97109071A EP97109071A EP0811959A1 EP 0811959 A1 EP0811959 A1 EP 0811959A1 EP 97109071 A EP97109071 A EP 97109071A EP 97109071 A EP97109071 A EP 97109071A EP 0811959 A1 EP0811959 A1 EP 0811959A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
sub
radio
center
alarm system
centers
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EP97109071A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0811959B1 (en
Inventor
Horst Fischer
Helmut Zeissler
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Grundig Multimedia BV
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Grundig AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/009—Signalling of the alarm condition to a substation whose identity is signalled to a central station, e.g. relaying alarm signals in order to extend communication range
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio-controlled hazard alarm system, in particular fire alarm, intrusion alarm, emergency call, paging or alarm system, with at least one detector or signaling unit, at least one sub-control center and a control center.
  • a detector or a signaling unit consists of a transmitter, a receiver, a microprocessor system and a sensor.
  • a sub-center consists of a transmitter, a receiver and a microprocessor system.
  • the control center consists of a transmitter, a receiver and a microcomputer system.
  • hazard detection systems which, as a rule, consist of a control center which contains a receiver and a number of detectors and / or switching devices, each of which has a transmitter.
  • a paging system which usually consists of a transmitter and a number of mobile receivers, each of which is carried by the person to be visited.
  • a disadvantage of such radio-controlled systems is that they have only a limited range.
  • the range depends on the transmission power of the radio transmitter, the selectivity of the radio receiver and the nature of the transmission path.
  • the transmission power of the radio transmitter, as well as the selectivity of the radio receiver represent technical parameters that are specified by the system itself.
  • the nature the transmission path depends on the plant location. Due to the location and the structural conditions of the plant location, shielding effects or other disruptions sometimes occur, which disrupt or even block the transmission path between transmitter and receiver.
  • the system is partially wired both on the transmitter side and on the receiver side. ie the transmitters and receivers are installed in those places where mutual communication is possible.
  • this partial wiring does not correspond to the objective of radio-controlled systems, since it is precisely in these systems that complex and time-consuming wiring is to be eliminated.
  • a partially wired system loses its mobility, which is precisely what is desired in such radio-controlled systems.
  • the problem with hazard detection systems is particularly the guarantee of secure data communication between the individual components of the system.
  • the object of the invention is to circumvent this problem and to ensure that there is always a good connection between the individual components of the system.
  • each component of the system is equipped with the ability to communicate bidirectionally on different channels, which can also be on different frequency bands, ie each component of the system is with both a transmitter and a receiver fitted. Every new sub-control center and all detectors are only registered with the control center. The control center then assigns each newly added component an identification number and communicates this to all other components.
  • the sub-centers are installed in such a way that permanent radio communication is guaranteed between them. Since this results in an increased communication volume, it is advantageous if all sub-centers have their own network connection. So many sub-control centers must be installed that each detector has secure communication with at least one sub-control center. After commissioning the system, all sub-centers synchronize with the main center.
  • the control center manages these tables and coordinates which sub-control centers based on these tables on which preferred radio channels communicate with each other. If a detector is to send an alarm message, it proceeds as follows: First, it carries out an RSSI scan to determine a free channel. He then issues his message and waits for the sub-center to confirm that he has received the message.
  • the sub-center finds the message from the detector, since it continuously carries out an RSSI scan. It forwards the message to another sub-control center or to the control center directly.
  • the messages from the detectors are only evaluated and appropriate measures initiated at the control center.
  • the detectors and sub-control panels can be arranged so that each detector can communicate with at least two sub-control panels. This redundancy compensates for a possible failure of a sub-control center.
  • the transmission security can be further increased by checking the quality of the transmission by initiating a loopback mode, that is to say that the modules which communicate with one another send the data which they have received back to the transmitter. The latter can then determine whether transmission errors have occurred.
  • a loopback mode that is to say that the modules which communicate with one another send the data which they have received back to the transmitter. The latter can then determine whether transmission errors have occurred.
  • the detectors listen to the sub-control centers at longer intervals in order to receive a request to report presence. In this way, the function of the detectors can be restricted.
  • these parts of the system send the hazard alarm system only with reduced transmission energy.
  • a system component for example a sub-control center, detects a jamming transmitter during an RSSI scan, which can result in falsification or even blocking of the bidirectional radio communication for the hazard alarm system, then the system component communicates this fact to the control center.
  • the control center now instructs all system parts to switch to a higher transmission power. This reduces the distortion of the received signal.
  • the command to increase the transmission power is generated by the part of the system which has discovered the jammer. In this case, the response time is further reduced.
  • the part of the system that has discovered the jammer will now check at regular intervals whether the jammer is still present. If he determines that the jammer is no longer active, he informs the central office of this fact, which now instructs all system parts to switch back to the reduced transmission energy. This instruction can in turn also be generated by the plant part that has recognized the jammer and is monitoring it. This ensures that the service life of the voltage sources of self-supplied system parts is increased, since these parts often only work with reduced transmission energy. At the same time, an increase in data security is also guaranteed since, in the event of a jamming transmitter, the system switches to a higher transmission power. In this way, increased transmission security is achieved, since the distortion of the radio signals of the alarm system by the jammer is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to the invention, which consists, for example, of seven detectors, designated with the numbers 1 to 7, four sub-centers, designated with the numbers 8 to 11, and a control center 12.
  • Each of the four sub-control panels is attached in such a way that each of the seven detectors is in bidirectional radio communication with at least one sub-control panel.
  • the sub-centers are installed in such a way that each sub-center is at least in bidirectional radio communication with another sub-center.
  • the sub-centers 8 and 10 are not in direct radio communication with the center 12. Only the sub-center 9 and the sub-center 11 have a bidirectional radio connection with this.
  • the sub-control center 8 can optionally transmit a message to the control center 12 via the sub-control center 9 or the sub-control center 11, with which it has a bidirectional radio connection.
  • a nationwide network consisting of a control center and any number of detectors and sub-control centers can be set up. It is only necessary to ensure that each detector has at least one sub-center bidirectional radio connection.
  • the sub-center on the other hand, it must have a bidirectional radio connection at least with another sub-control center. If, for example, the detector 7 issues an alarm message, this is received by the sub-control center 8.
  • Sub-control center 8 now sends the acknowledgment of receipt back to detector 7. This recognizes that his message has been received.
  • the sub-control center 8 can now not send the alarm message from the detector 7 directly to the control center 12, since there is no bidirectional radio connection with it.
  • Sub-control center 8 can now optionally forward the alarm message from detector 7 to another sub-control center.
  • FIG. 1 there is a choice between sub-center 9 and sub-center 11, since there is a bidirectional radio connection with these two sub-centers.
  • Sub-control center 8 will now select the best channel from its RSSI table and then send the alarm message to the sub-control center previously defined by control center 12. This is, for example, sub-control center 11. This, in turn, now sends confirmation of receipt of the alarm message back to sub-control center 8. This recognizes that the sub-center 11 has received the message.
  • the sub-control center 11 in turn now takes a suitable channel for the radio connection to the control center 12 from its RSSI table, to which it has a bidirectional radio connection, and sends the alarm message of the detector 7 to the control center 12 via the determined channel. This confirms the reception the message, evaluates the message and initiates appropriate measures.
  • Figure 2 shows the structure of a detector. This consists of a sensor 2, for example a motion detector or a smoking detector, a transmitter 4, a receiver 3 and a microprocessor system 1, which evaluates the sensor data and detects an alarm. In addition, the microprocessor system 1 controls the communication between the detector and the sub-control center.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of a sub-center. This consists of a microprocessor system 1, a transmitter 4 and a receiver 3.
  • the microprocessor system 1 manages the RSSI table 2 and scans the radio frequency range in which the communication between the individual components of the system takes place at regular intervals and updates the RSSI table 2 after each scan.
  • Figure 4 shows the structure of the center. It consists of a transmitter 3, a receiver 2 and a microcomputer system 1.
  • the control center also manages the RSSI tables of all sub-control centers and coordinates the communication between the individual components of the system. It evaluates the alarm messages.
  • the microcomputer system can be equipped with various software. It is also expandable in terms of its capacity.

Abstract

The system has a number of remote signal generators (1-7) that communicate bidirectionally with a central station (12) via a number of substations (8-11). Each of the substations is also in bidirectional contact with each other. A number of substations (9-11) may be in direct contact with the central station. The mode of communication is determined by a Received-Signal-Strength-Indicator (RSSI) table which defines channel quality and synchronises substations with central station. The communication channels are constantly monitored, and transmission quality is measured and stored on a microcomputer system of the central station.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage, insbesondere Brandmelde-, Einbruchsmelde-, Notruf-, Personenruf- oder Alarmanlage, mit mindestens einem Melder bzw. einer Signalmeldeeinheit, wenigstens einer Unterzentrale und einer Zentrale. Ein Melder bzw. eine Signalmeldeeinheit besteht aus einem Sender, einem Empfänger, einem Mikroprozessorsystem und einem Sensor. Eine Unterzentrale besteht aus einem Sender, einem Empfänger und einem Mikroprozessorsystem. Die Zentrale besteht aus einem Sender, einem Empfänger und einem Mikrocomputersystem.The invention relates to a radio-controlled hazard alarm system, in particular fire alarm, intrusion alarm, emergency call, paging or alarm system, with at least one detector or signaling unit, at least one sub-control center and a control center. A detector or a signaling unit consists of a transmitter, a receiver, a microprocessor system and a sensor. A sub-center consists of a transmitter, a receiver and a microprocessor system. The control center consists of a transmitter, a receiver and a microcomputer system.

Aus der Praxis sind Gefahrenmeldeanlagen bekannt, die im Regelfall aus einer Zentrale, die einen Empfänger enthält, sowie aus einer Anzahl von Meldern und/oder Schalteinrichtungen bestehen, die jeweils über einen Sender verfügen. Anders ist dies aber im Falle einer Personenrufanlage, die in der Regel aus einem Sender und einer Reihe von mobilen Empfängern besteht, die jeweils von den aufzusuchenden Personen mitgeführt werden.In practice, hazard detection systems are known which, as a rule, consist of a control center which contains a receiver and a number of detectors and / or switching devices, each of which has a transmitter. This is different in the case of a paging system, which usually consists of a transmitter and a number of mobile receivers, each of which is carried by the person to be visited.

Ein Nachteil von derartigen funkgesteuerten Anlagen besteht darin, daß diese nur eine eingeschränkte Reichweite besitzen. Die Reichweite ist abhängig von der Sendeleistung des Funksenders, der Selektivität des Funkempfängers sowie der Beschaffenheit des Übertragungsweges. Die Sendeleistung des Funksenders, wie auch die Selektivität des Funkempfängers, stellen technische Größen dar, die durch die Anlage selbst vorgegeben sind. Die Beschaffenheit des Übertragungsweges ist hingegen abhängig vom Anlagenstandort. Durch die Lage und die baulichen Gegebenheiten des Anlagenstandortes kommt es manchmal zu Abschirmungseffekten oder anderen Störungen, welche die Übertragungsstrecke zwischen Sender und Empfänger stören oder gar blockieren. In derartigen Fällen wird die Anlage sowohl auf Senderseite als auch auf Empfängerseite teilverdrahtet. d.h. man installiert die Sender und Empfänger an denjenigen Orten, an denen eine gegenseitige Kommunikation möglich ist. Diese Teilverdrahtung entspricht aber nicht der Zielsetzung funkgesteuerter Anlagen, da gerade bei diesen Anlagen eine aufwendige und zeitintensive Verdrahtung entfallen soll. Außerdem verliert eine teilverdrahtete Anlage ihre Mobilität, die eben gerade bei derartigen funkgesteuerten Anlagen gewünscht wird.A disadvantage of such radio-controlled systems is that they have only a limited range. The range depends on the transmission power of the radio transmitter, the selectivity of the radio receiver and the nature of the transmission path. The transmission power of the radio transmitter, as well as the selectivity of the radio receiver, represent technical parameters that are specified by the system itself. The nature the transmission path, however, depends on the plant location. Due to the location and the structural conditions of the plant location, shielding effects or other disruptions sometimes occur, which disrupt or even block the transmission path between transmitter and receiver. In such cases, the system is partially wired both on the transmitter side and on the receiver side. ie the transmitters and receivers are installed in those places where mutual communication is possible. However, this partial wiring does not correspond to the objective of radio-controlled systems, since it is precisely in these systems that complex and time-consuming wiring is to be eliminated. In addition, a partially wired system loses its mobility, which is precisely what is desired in such radio-controlled systems.

Um dieses Problem zu umgehen wird in der DE 296 01 436 vorgeschlagen, zwischen der Signalmeldeeinheit und der Signalempfangseinheit zumindest eine Zwischenstation anzuordnen, die ein von der Signalmeldeeinheit ausgesandes Signal an die Signalempfangseinheit weiterleitet.To avoid this problem, it is proposed in DE 296 01 436 to arrange at least one intermediate station between the signaling unit and the signal receiving unit, which forwards a signal emitted by the signaling unit to the signal receiving unit.

Problematisch bei Gefahrenmeldeanlagen ist gerade die Gewährleistung einer sicheren Datenkommunikation zwischen den einzelnen Komponenten der Anlage. Außerdem muß bei jeder Erweiterung der Anlage um beispielsweise einen Melder und/oder eine Unterzentrale diesen jeweils eine Identifikationsnummer zugewiesen werden. Damit sich die einzelnen Sendeeinheiten der Anlage nicht stören, muß jeweils eine vordefinierte Frequenz bzw. ein Frequenzband jedem einzelnen Sender der Anlage zugeordnet werden. Wird nun im Anlagenbereich durch einen Störsender eine bestimme Frequenz bzw. ein Frequenzband in erheblichem Maße überlagert bzw. gestört, so kann keine Kommunikation mehr zwischen dem Sender, der diese Frequenz bzw. dieses Frequenzband verwendet, und der Zwischenstation stattfinden. Diese Anlageneinheit wird folglich blockiert.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, diese Problem zu umgehen und zu gewährleisten, daß stets eine gute Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Komponenten der Anlage besteht.The problem with hazard detection systems is particularly the guarantee of secure data communication between the individual components of the system. In addition, each time the system is expanded by, for example, a detector and / or a sub-control center, each of these must be assigned an identification number. So that the individual transmitter units of the system do not interfere, a predefined frequency or a frequency band must be assigned to each individual transmitter of the system. If a certain frequency or a frequency band is overlaid or disturbed to a considerable extent in the system area by a jamming transmitter, then communication can no longer occur between the transmitter that uses this frequency or this Frequency band used, and the intermediate station take place. This plant unit is consequently blocked.
The object of the invention is to circumvent this problem and to ensure that there is always a good connection between the individual components of the system.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß jede Komponente der Anlage mit der Fähigkeit ausgestattet wird, bidirektional auf verschiedenen Kanälen, die sich auch auf verschiedenen Frequenzbändern befinden können, zu kommunizieren, d.h. jede Komponente der Anlage ist sowohl mit einem Sender, als auch mit einem Empfänger ausgestattet. Jede neu hinzukommende Unterzentrale sowie alle Melder werden nur noch bei der Zentrale angemeldet. Die Zentrale vergibt dann jeder neu hinzukommenden Komponente eine Identifikationsnummer und teilt diese allen anderen Komponenten mit.
Die Unterzentralen werden in der Art und Weise installiert, daß zwischen ihnen eine ständige Funkkommunikation gewährleistet ist. Da hierdurch ein erhöhtes Kommunikationsaufkommen entsteht, ist es von Vorteil, wenn alle Unterzentralen einen eigenen Netzanschluß haben. Es müssen so viele Unterzentralen installiert werden, daß jeder Melder eine sichere Kommunikation mit zumindest einer Unterzentrale hat.
Nach der Inbetriebnahme der Anlage synchronisieren sich alle Unterzentralen auf die Hauptzentrale. Nach einem festgelegten Zeitraster erfolgt die Nachsynchronisation und ein Austausch von Informationen über die bevorzugt zu belegenden Kanäle. Dies erfolgt auf Basis einer RSSI-Tabelle (Received-Signal-Strength-Indicator-Tabelle), die von jeder Unterzentrale durch ständiges Scannen des zur Verfügung stehenden Frequenzbandes bzw. der Frequenzbänder ermittelt wird. Alle Unterzentralen legen eine eigene RSSI-Tabelle an und übermitteln diese in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen an die Zentrale. Die Zentrale verwaltet diese Tabellen und koordiniert aufgrund dieser Tabellen, welche Unterzentralen auf welchen bevorzugten Funkkanälen miteinander kommunizieren.
Soll ein Melder eine Alarmnachricht absetzten, so geht er wie folgt vor: Zunächst führt er einen RSSI-Scan durch, um einen freien Kanal zu ermitteln. Danach setzt er seine Nachricht ab und wartet auf die Bestätigung des Erhalts der Nachricht durch die Unterzentrale. Erst wenn er eine Bestätigung seitens der Unterzentrale über den Erhalt seiner Nachricht empfangen hat, kann der Melder davon ausgehen, daß seine Nachricht erhalten wurde und weitergegeben wird. Solange dieser Melder keine Bestätigung seiner Nachricht erhalten hat, wird er in konstanten, vordefinierten Zeitabständen diese Nachricht erneut absetzen. Die Unterzentrale ihrerseits findet die Nachricht des Melders, da sie ständig einen RSSI-Scan durchführt. Sie gibt die Nachricht an eine weitere Unterzentrale oder an die Zentrale direkt weiter. Nur in der Zentrale werden die Nachrichten der Melder ausgewertet und entsprechende Maßnahmen eingeleitet.
Um die Übertragungssicherheit noch weiter zu steigern, kann man die Melder und die Unterzentralen so anordnen, daß jeder Melder mit mindestens zwei Unterzentralen kommunizieren kann. Durch diese Redundanz wird ein möglicher Ausfall einer Unterzentrale kompensiert.
Außerdem kann die Übertragungssicherheit noch weiter erhöht werden, indem man die Qualität der Übertragung durch Einleiten eines Loopback-Modes überprüft, d.h. daß die Module, die miteinander kommunizieren, diejenigen Daten, die sie erhalten haben, an den Sender zurückschicken. Dieser kann dann ermitteln, ob etwa Übertragungsfehler aufgetreten sind.
Außerdem kann vereinbart werden, daß in größeren Zeitabständen die Melder auf die Unterzentralen hören, um eine Aufforderung zur Anwesenheitsmeldung zu empfangen. Auf diese Weise kann eine eingeschränkte Funktionsprüfung der Melder erfolgen.This object is achieved in that each component of the system is equipped with the ability to communicate bidirectionally on different channels, which can also be on different frequency bands, ie each component of the system is with both a transmitter and a receiver fitted. Every new sub-control center and all detectors are only registered with the control center. The control center then assigns each newly added component an identification number and communicates this to all other components.
The sub-centers are installed in such a way that permanent radio communication is guaranteed between them. Since this results in an increased communication volume, it is advantageous if all sub-centers have their own network connection. So many sub-control centers must be installed that each detector has secure communication with at least one sub-control center.
After commissioning the system, all sub-centers synchronize with the main center. The post-synchronization and an exchange of information about the channels to be assigned preferentially take place after a defined time grid. This is done on the basis of an RSSI table (Received Signal Strength Indicator Table), which is determined by each sub-center by constantly scanning the available frequency band or bands. All sub-centers create their own RSSI table and transmit this to the center at regular intervals. The control center manages these tables and coordinates which sub-control centers based on these tables on which preferred radio channels communicate with each other.
If a detector is to send an alarm message, it proceeds as follows: First, it carries out an RSSI scan to determine a free channel. He then issues his message and waits for the sub-center to confirm that he has received the message. Only when he has received confirmation from the sub-center that his message has been received can the person reporting assume that his message has been received and will be passed on. As long as this detector has not received confirmation of its message, it will send this message again at constant, predefined time intervals. For its part, the sub-center finds the message from the detector, since it continuously carries out an RSSI scan. It forwards the message to another sub-control center or to the control center directly. The messages from the detectors are only evaluated and appropriate measures initiated at the control center.
In order to further increase the security of transmission, the detectors and sub-control panels can be arranged so that each detector can communicate with at least two sub-control panels. This redundancy compensates for a possible failure of a sub-control center.
In addition, the transmission security can be further increased by checking the quality of the transmission by initiating a loopback mode, that is to say that the modules which communicate with one another send the data which they have received back to the transmitter. The latter can then determine whether transmission errors have occurred.
In addition, it can be agreed that the detectors listen to the sub-control centers at longer intervals in order to receive a request to report presence. In this way, the function of the detectors can be restricted.

Um die Lebensdauer der Spannungsquellen, insbesondere Batterien, von eigenversorgten Anlagenteilen zu erhöhen, senden diese Anlagenteile der Gefahrenmeldeanlage nur mit reduzierter Sendeenergie. Wird nun durch einen Anlagenteil, beispielsweise einer Unterzentrale, bei einem RSSI-Scan ein Störsender erkannt, der eine Verfälschung oder gar ein blockieren des bidirektionalen Funkverkehrs für die Gefahrenmeldeanlage zur Folge haben kann, so teilt derjenige Anlagenteil diesen Umstand der Zentrale mit. Die Zentrale weist nun alle Anlagenteile an, auf eine höhere Sendeleistung umzustellen. Dadurch wird die Verfälschung des empfangenen Signals reduziert. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, daß der Befehl zur Erhöhung der Sendeleistung von dem Anlagenteil generiert wird, der den Störsender entdeckt hat. In diesem Fall wird die Reaktionszeit weiter verkürzt. Der Anlagenteil, der den Störsender entdeckt hat, wird nun in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen kontrollieren, ob der Störsender noch vorhanden ist. Stellt er fest, daß der Störsender nicht mehr aktiv ist, so teilt er diesen Umstand der Zentrale mit, die nun alle Anlagenteile anweist wieder auf die reduzierte Sendeenergie zurückzuschalten. Diese Anweisung kann wiederum auch von dem Anlagenteil generiert werden, der den Störsender erkannt hat und diesen überwacht.
Auf diese Weise wird gewährleistet, daß die Lebensdauer der Spannungsquellen von eigenversorgten Anlagenteilen erhöht wird, da diese Teile häufig nur mit reduzierter Sendeenergie arbeiten. Zugleich wird auch eine Erhöhung der Datensicherheit gewährleistet, da im Falle des Vorliegens eines Störsenders die Anlage auf eine höherer Sendeleistung umschaltet. Hierdurch wird eine erhöhte Übertragungssicherheit erreicht, da die Verfälschung der Funksignale der Gefahrenmeldeanlage durch den Störsender reduziert wird.In order to increase the lifespan of the voltage sources, in particular batteries, of self-supplied parts of the system, these parts of the system send the hazard alarm system only with reduced transmission energy. If a system component, for example a sub-control center, detects a jamming transmitter during an RSSI scan, which can result in falsification or even blocking of the bidirectional radio communication for the hazard alarm system, then the system component communicates this fact to the control center. The control center now instructs all system parts to switch to a higher transmission power. This reduces the distortion of the received signal. There is also the possibility that the command to increase the transmission power is generated by the part of the system which has discovered the jammer. In this case, the response time is further reduced. The part of the system that has discovered the jammer will now check at regular intervals whether the jammer is still present. If he determines that the jammer is no longer active, he informs the central office of this fact, which now instructs all system parts to switch back to the reduced transmission energy. This instruction can in turn also be generated by the plant part that has recognized the jammer and is monitoring it.
This ensures that the service life of the voltage sources of self-supplied system parts is increased, since these parts often only work with reduced transmission energy. At the same time, an increase in data security is also guaranteed since, in the event of a jamming transmitter, the system switches to a higher transmission power. In this way, increased transmission security is achieved, since the distortion of the radio signals of the alarm system by the jammer is reduced.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 4 erläutert; es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage, die aus mehreren Meldern, Unterzentralen und einer Zentrale besteht
  • Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild eines Melders
  • Fig. 3 ein Blockschaltbild einer Unterzentrale
  • Fig. 4 ein Blockschaltbild einer Zentrale
The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4; show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a radio-controlled hazard alarm system, which consists of several detectors, sub-centers and a control center
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a detector
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a sub-center
  • Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a center

Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage, die beispielsweise aus sieben Meldern, bezeichnet mit den Nummern 1 bis 7, vier Unterzentralen, bezeichnet mit den Nummern 8 bis 11 und einer Zentrale 12 besteht. Jede der vier Unterzentralen ist derart angebracht, daß jeder der sieben Melder zumindest mit einer Unterzentrale in bidirektionaler Funkverbindung steht. Die Unterzentralen sind derart angebracht, daß jede Unterzentrale zumindest mit einer anderen Unterzentrale in bidirektionaler Funkverbindung steht. Im Ausführungsbeispiel stehen beispielsweise die Unterzentralen 8 und 10 nicht in direkter Funkverbindung mit der Zentrale 12. Mit dieser haben nur die Unterzentrale 9 und die Unterzentrale 11 eine bidirektionale Funkverbindung. Die Unterzentrale 8 kann aber wahlweise über die Unterzentrale 9 oder die Unterzentrale 11, mit denen sie eine bidirektionale Funkverbindung hat, eine Nachricht an die Zentrale 12 übermitteln.
Auf diese Weise kann ein flächendeckendes Netzwerk, bestehend aus einer Zentrale und einer beliebigen Anzahl von Meldern und Unterzentralen, aufgebaut werden. Es muß hierbei nur gewährleistet sein, daß jeder Melder mit mindestens einer Unterzentrale bidirektionale Funkverbindung hat. Die Unterzentrale hingegen muß ihrerseits zumindest mit einer anderen Unterzentrale eine bidirektionale Funkverbindung haben.
Setzt nun beispielsweise der Melder 7 eine Alarmnachricht ab, so wird diese von der Unterzentrale 8 empfangen. Die Unterzentrale 8 sendet nun die Empfangsbestätigung an den Melder 7 zurück. Dieser erkennt somit, daß seine Nachricht empfangen worden ist. Die Unterzentrale 8 kann nun die Alarmnachricht des Melders 7 nicht direkt an die Zentrale 12 senden, da mit dieser keine bidirektionale Funkverbindung besteht. Die Unterzentrale 8 kann nun aber wahlweise die Alarmnachricht des Melders 7 an eine andere Unterzentralen weiterleiten. In Figur 1 besteht die Auswahl zwischen der Unterzentrale 9 und der Unterzentrale 11, da mit diesen beiden Unterzentralen eine bidirektionale Funkverbindung besteht. Die Unterzentrale 8 wird nun aus ihrer RSSI-Tabelle den besten Kanal auswählen und dann die Alarmnachricht an die vorher durch die Zentrale 12 festgelegte Unterzentrale senden. Dies ist beispielsweise die Unterzentrale 11. Diese sendet nun ihrerseits eine Bestätigung des Empfanges der Alarmnachricht an die Unterzentrale 8 zurück. Diese erkennt so, daß die Unterzentrale 11 die Nachricht erhalten hat. Die Unterzentrale 11 ihrerseits entnimmt nun aus ihrer RSSI-Tabelle einen geeigneten Kanal für die Funkverbindung mit der Zentrale 12, zu der sie eine bidirektionale Funkverbindung hat, und sendet die Alarmnachricht des Melders 7 über den ermittelten Kanal an die Zentrale 12. Diese bestätigt den Empfang der Nachricht, wertet die Nachricht aus und leitet entsprechende Maßnahmen ein.FIG. 1 shows a radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to the invention, which consists, for example, of seven detectors, designated with the numbers 1 to 7, four sub-centers, designated with the numbers 8 to 11, and a control center 12. Each of the four sub-control panels is attached in such a way that each of the seven detectors is in bidirectional radio communication with at least one sub-control panel. The sub-centers are installed in such a way that each sub-center is at least in bidirectional radio communication with another sub-center. In the exemplary embodiment, for example, the sub-centers 8 and 10 are not in direct radio communication with the center 12. Only the sub-center 9 and the sub-center 11 have a bidirectional radio connection with this. However, the sub-control center 8 can optionally transmit a message to the control center 12 via the sub-control center 9 or the sub-control center 11, with which it has a bidirectional radio connection.
In this way, a nationwide network consisting of a control center and any number of detectors and sub-control centers can be set up. It is only necessary to ensure that each detector has at least one sub-center bidirectional radio connection. The sub-center on the other hand, it must have a bidirectional radio connection at least with another sub-control center.
If, for example, the detector 7 issues an alarm message, this is received by the sub-control center 8. Sub-control center 8 now sends the acknowledgment of receipt back to detector 7. This recognizes that his message has been received. The sub-control center 8 can now not send the alarm message from the detector 7 directly to the control center 12, since there is no bidirectional radio connection with it. Sub-control center 8 can now optionally forward the alarm message from detector 7 to another sub-control center. In FIG. 1, there is a choice between sub-center 9 and sub-center 11, since there is a bidirectional radio connection with these two sub-centers. Sub-control center 8 will now select the best channel from its RSSI table and then send the alarm message to the sub-control center previously defined by control center 12. This is, for example, sub-control center 11. This, in turn, now sends confirmation of receipt of the alarm message back to sub-control center 8. This recognizes that the sub-center 11 has received the message. The sub-control center 11 in turn now takes a suitable channel for the radio connection to the control center 12 from its RSSI table, to which it has a bidirectional radio connection, and sends the alarm message of the detector 7 to the control center 12 via the determined channel. This confirms the reception the message, evaluates the message and initiates appropriate measures.

Figur 2 zeigt den Aufbau eines Melders. Dieser besteht aus einem Sensor 2, beispielsweise einem Bewegungsdedektor oder einem Raucherdedektor, einem Sender 4, einem Empfänger 3 und einem Mikroprozessorsystem 1, das die Sensordaten auswertet und einen Alarmfall erkennt. Außerdem steuert das Mikroprozessorsystem 1 die Kommunikation zwischen dem Melder und der Unterzentrale.Figure 2 shows the structure of a detector. This consists of a sensor 2, for example a motion detector or a smoking detector, a transmitter 4, a receiver 3 and a microprocessor system 1, which evaluates the sensor data and detects an alarm. In addition, the microprocessor system 1 controls the communication between the detector and the sub-control center.

Figur 3 zeigt den Aufbau einer Unterzentrale. Diese besteht aus einem Mikroprozessorsystem 1, einem Sender 4 und einem Empfänger 3. Das Mikroprozessorsystem 1 verwaltet die RSSI-Tabelle 2 und scannt in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen den Funkfrequenzbereich, in dem die Kommunikation zwischen den einzelnen Komponenten der Anlage stattfindet und aktualisiert die RSSI-Tabelle 2 nach jedem durchgeführen Scannvorgang.Figure 3 shows the structure of a sub-center. This consists of a microprocessor system 1, a transmitter 4 and a receiver 3. The microprocessor system 1 manages the RSSI table 2 and scans the radio frequency range in which the communication between the individual components of the system takes place at regular intervals and updates the RSSI table 2 after each scan.

Figur 4 zeigt den Aufbau der Zentrale. Sie besteht aus einem Sender 3, einem Empfänger 2 und einem Mikrocomputersystem 1. Die Zentrale verwaltet zusätzlich die RSSI-Tabellen aller Unterzentralen und koordiniert die Kommunikation unter den einzelnen Komponenten der Anlage. Sie wertet die Alarmnachrichten aus. Das Mikrocomputersystem kann mit verschiedenster Software ausgestattet werden. Es ist auch in Hinsicht auf seine Kapazität erweiterbar.Figure 4 shows the structure of the center. It consists of a transmitter 3, a receiver 2 and a microcomputer system 1. The control center also manages the RSSI tables of all sub-control centers and coordinates the communication between the individual components of the system. It evaluates the alarm messages. The microcomputer system can be equipped with various software. It is also expandable in terms of its capacity.

Claims (9)

Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage, insbesonderer Brandmelde-, Einbruchmelde-, Notruf-, Personenruf- oder Alarmanlage, mit mindestens einer Signalmeldeeinheit, einer Zentralen und mindestens einer Unterzentralen, die derart angeordnet ist, daß sie ein von der Signalmeldeeinheit ausgesandtes Signal empfängt und an die Zentrale oder eine andere Unterzentrale weiterleitet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zentrale, die Unterzentralen und die Signalmeldeeinheiten mit jeweils einem Sender und einem Empfänger ausgestattet sind und zumindest eine Unterzentrale mit der Zentrale funktechnisch verbunden ist, daß die Zentrale eine Synchronisationsbaugruppe aufweist, welche die bidirektionale Funkkommunikation zwischen den Signalmeldeeinheiten, den Unterzentralen und/oder der Zentrale koordiniert, wobei die Zentrale den Informationsfluß zwischen den einzelnen Unterzentralen der Anlage koordiniert.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system, in particular fire alarm, intrusion alarm, emergency call, paging or alarm system, with at least one signaling unit, a control center and at least one sub-control center, which is arranged such that it receives a signal sent by the signaling unit and to the control center or forwards another sub-center,
characterized,
that the central unit, the sub-central units and the signaling units are each equipped with a transmitter and a receiver and at least one sub-central unit is connected to the central unit in terms of radio technology, that the central unit has a synchronization module which provides bidirectional radio communication between the signaling units, the sub-central units and / or the Control center coordinates, whereby the control center coordinates the flow of information between the individual sub-control centers of the system. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeangsanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich beliebig viele Unterzentralen zu einem flächendeckenden Netzwerk zusammenschließen lassen.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to claim 1,
characterized,
that any number of sub-centers can be connected to form a comprehensive network. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeangsanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Unterzentrale jeweils einen Scanner aufweist, welcher ständig die zur Funkverbindung zur verfügungstehenden Frequenzbänder bzw. Funkkanäle scannt, eine RSSI-Tabelle anlegt und daraus die aktuell besten Funkkanäle ermittelt.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the sub-center each has a scanner which constantly scans the frequency bands or radio channels available for the radio connection, creates an RSSI table and uses this to determine the currently best radio channels. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Unterzentralen durch die Synchronisationsbaugruppe miteinander synchronisiert sind und untereinander die aus der RSSI-Tabelle ermittelten besten Funkkanäle austauschen.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the sub-centers are synchronized with one another by the synchronization module and exchange the best radio channels determined from the RSSI table with one another. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Unterzentralen mit eigenen Anschlüssen zur Stronversorgung ausgestartet sind.Radio-controlled alarm system according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the sub-centers have their own connections for power supply. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zentrale, die Unterzentralen und/oder die Signalmeldeeinheiten durch einen Loopback-Modus die Übertragungsqualität in regelmäßigen Abständen überprüfen.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the center, the sub-centers and / or the signaling units check the transmission quality at regular intervals using a loopback mode. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zentrale ein Mikrocomputersystem mit austauschbaren Speicherbaugruppen aufweist.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the center has a microcomputer system with replaceable memory modules. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Steuereinheit in der Zentrale, den Unterzentralen und/oder den Signalmeldeeinheiten vorgesehen ist, die bei erkennen eines Störsenders, der den Funkverkehr zwischen den einzelnen Anlagenteilen stört, von einer reduzierten Sendeleistung auf die volle Sendeleistung umschaltet.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that a control unit is provided in the control center, the sub-control centers and / or the signaling units which switches over from a reduced transmission power to the full transmission power when a jamming transmitter which interferes with the radio communication between the individual system parts is recognized. Funkgesteuerte Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Zentrale, die Unterzentralen und/oder die Signalmeldeeinheiten der Gefahrenmeldeanlage einen Dedektor aufweisen, der das Störsignal erkennt und überwacht und sobald das Störsignal nicht mehr vorhanden ist die Steuereinheit der Gefahrenmeldeanlage anweist, mit reduzierter Sendeleistung zu senden.Radio-controlled hazard alarm system according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the center, the sub-centers and / or the signaling units of the hazard detection system have a detector which detects and monitors the interference signal and, as soon as the interference signal is no longer present, instructs the control unit of the hazard detection system to transmit with reduced transmission power.
EP97109071A 1996-06-07 1997-06-05 Radio controlled alarm system with substations and safe data transmission Expired - Lifetime EP0811959B1 (en)

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DE19622880A1 (en) 1997-12-11
DE59705496D1 (en) 2002-01-10
EP0811959B1 (en) 2001-11-28
ATE209807T1 (en) 2001-12-15

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