EP0849877A1 - Microwave active notch filter and operating method with photonic bandgap crystal feedback loop - Google Patents
Microwave active notch filter and operating method with photonic bandgap crystal feedback loop Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0849877A1 EP0849877A1 EP97122495A EP97122495A EP0849877A1 EP 0849877 A1 EP0849877 A1 EP 0849877A1 EP 97122495 A EP97122495 A EP 97122495A EP 97122495 A EP97122495 A EP 97122495A EP 0849877 A1 EP0849877 A1 EP 0849877A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pbc
- signal
- filter
- radiation
- bandgap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/2005—Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/04—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H11/12—Frequency selective two-port networks using amplifiers with feedback
- H03H11/126—Frequency selective two-port networks using amplifiers with feedback using a single operational amplifier
Definitions
- This invention relates to active notch filters and operating methods, particularly for microwave applications.
- Waveguide structures with multiple cross-coupled cavities are presently used as filters.
- these structures have a number of disadvantages. For one, they tend to be lossy, since the various cavities are coupled together by irises, and they are also relatively expensive. Since they include mechanical components post-fabrication tuning is required. They are also rather limited in their amount of rejection contrast, allowing an undesirably high level of noise to propagate through.
- Another important limitation of such filters is that they are not frequency selective. For example, if they pass a fundamental frequency ⁇ , they will generally also pass the harmonics (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , etc.) as well. On the other hand, the frequency at which they operate is fixed, which limits their versatility.
- Filtering with a waveguide structure is typically followed by amplification of the filtered signal.
- amplifying the signal after filtering reduces the sensitivity of the signal acquisition operation.
- photonic bandgap structures operate in a manner analogous to crystals with periodic lattice structures, and crystal terminology is conventionally used to describe them. While photonic bandgap structures are actually mechanical devices, the customary crystal terminology is used herein where applicable to describe their structure and operation. They are discussed in Joannopoulos et al., Photonic Crystals-Molding the Flow of Light , Princeton University Press, 1995, pages 40-43, 94-97 and 121-126, and in Yablonovitch, "Photonic band-gap structures", Journal of the Optical Society of America B , Vol. 10, No. 2, February 1993, pages 283-295.
- a photonic bandgap crystal is a periodic or nearly periodic structure which supports the propagation of electromagnetic radiation except at certain bandgap frequencies.
- PBCs are typically macroscopic devices constructed from dielectric material, although metallic components are sometimes used.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified plan view of a conventional PBC which has a lattice constant 1 and includes dielectric members 12 such as rods of diameter d. Further details of a typical PBC are provided in Patent No. 5,386,215 to Brown, issued January 31, 1995, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the rods are generally disposed within a non-conductive, high dielectric substrate material that is not shown in the accompanying drawings for convenience of illustration.
- FIG. 2 presents a dispersion relation which illustrates how electromagnetic transmission through a defect-free PBC such as that shown in FIG. 1 varies with frequency; frequencies within the bandgap 14 do not propagate through the crystal but instead are reflected from it.
- This property of PBCs stems from their periodicity, and does not depend upon features at the atomic level or upon any absorption process.
- PBCs can be regarded as periodic or nearly periodic arrays of unit cells 16 with each cell encompassing a respective rod 12.
- the frequency response of a PBC depends upon a number of parameters, such as the dielectric constant of the material used, the shape and position of the objects from which the PBC is constructed and their separation from each other, as well as the presence and nature of any defects residing within the PBC.
- adding dielectric material to or removing it from a defect-free PBC e.g. removing a unit cell 16 or adding an additional rod 17 between a group of unit cells
- the resulting notch filter would still suffer from the reduced sensitivity problem mentioned above.
- the present invention uses one or more PBC in an amplifier feedback loop to produce a frequency selectable active microwave notch filter.
- the amplifier preferably employs microwave compatible elements such as field-effect transistors (FETs) circuit or a high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Because the PBC is in the amplifier feedback path, frequencies which it more strongly attenuates are preferentially amplified by the amplifier. More than one PBC can be connected across the amplifier to form multiple feedback loops that can be switched in and out of the circuit to adjust its frequency response.
- FETs field-effect transistors
- HEMTs high electron mobility transistors
- the PBC has a dispersion relation which is aperiodic, so that harmonic frequencies of the fundamental do not generally pass through it, thereby insuring that the notch filter will operate stably.
- the PBC, and thus the notch filter can be tailored for specific frequencies by an appropriate choice of dielectric material, the shape and size of the dielectric members, and the location, number and nature of any defects within the PBC.
- the circuit's frequency response can be actively varied, such as by applying a voltage across the dielectric members, to alter the PBC's dispersion relation.
- the present invention is designed for frequency selective amplification of electrical signals and includes a PBC connected in the feedback loop of an amplifier, preferably a microwave amplifier.
- the PBC together with the amplifier form an active notch filter in which filtering and amplification occur simultaneously, thereby greatly enhancing its signal sensitivity.
- the notch filter also obtains the other benefits of PBCs, such as frequency selectivity, modular construction, low weight and the elimination of tuning during fabrication.
- FIG. 4 One embodiment, shown in FIG. 4, includes an amplifier 30, preferably a microwave amplifier such as an FET or a HEMT, that has an input and output 32 and 34.
- FET amplifiers are discussed in J.S. Bharj, "17 GHz Low Noise GaAs FET Amplifier", Microwave Journal , pages 121-127, October 1994.
- An input terminal 36 which receives the input to the notch filter is connected to the positive input of a difference node 37, the output of which is connected to the amplifier input 32, while the amplifier output 34 is connected to an output terminal 38.
- a PBC 40 is connected in a feedback loop across the amplifier's output and the negative input to difference node 37, resulting in an amplifier input signal that is the difference between the signal at input terminal 36 and the feedback signal.
- PBC 40 preferably includes dielectric members 12 such as rods that are located within a waveguide-like cavity 44.
- the rod material and relative positions and spacings are selected in a known manner to produce at least one frequency bandgap within which signals are substantially attenuated.
- the cavity 44 preferably includes metallic walls 46 and metallic cover plates 48.
- the electrical connections to the amplifier and PBC are preferably made by metallic microstrip lines 50 disposed on an underlying alumina substrate 49.
- the amplifier's output 34 propagates along one of the microstrip lines 50 to the PBC 40 and reaches an antenna 56 which protrudes into the PBC cavity 44 through one of the cavity's walls 46.
- the antenna 56 seizes as a wave launcher for signals from the amplifier 30, and is preferably located in the same plane as the microstrip lines 50.
- a second antenna 58 is located at the other end of the cavity 44 and receives electromagnetic waves which propagate through the PBC 40. As shown in FIG. 5, the antennas 56 and 58 are surrounded by bushing insulators 52 which electrically insulate them from the cavity's metallic walls 46. Antennas 56 and 58 are connected to respective microstrip lines 50. Alternately, the microstrip lanes 50 can be fed through the insulators 62 directly into the cavity 44 to directly launch electromagnetic waves into and receive radiation from the PBC 40.
- G o the open loop gain of the amplifier 30 and T is the device's feedback factor
- G c1 G o /[1 + TG o ] as discussed in "The Circuits and Filters Handbook," W. Chen, Ed., pages 802-3, 1995.
- T is determined by the transmission response of the PBC 40, and is represented by a function such as those illustrated in FIGs. 2 and 3. In the limit at which G o is very large, G c1 can be approximated as 1/T.
- Equation (1) The significance of equation (1) and its approximation for large G o is that the notch filter preferentially amplifies frequencies that are more strongly attenuated by the PBC 40, e.g. those frequencies falling within its bandgap. Frequencies that are substantially transmitted by the PBC 40, on the other hand, will not be as strongly amplified.
- the T functions represented by FIGs. 2 and 3 differ in that FIG. 3 contains the passband 18 within the bandgap 14. Consequently, when a PBC corresponding to FIG. 3 is used in the device, frequencies falling within the passband 18 will be preferentially transmitted by the PBC 40 compared with other frequencies within the bandgap 14.
- the PBC 40 thus functions as a filter, and the overall circuit as a frequency selective active notch filter whose output depends upon the frequency characteristics of the PBC.
- the type of dielectric material used, the shape and size of the rods 12 and their separation from each other, and the nature, number and position of any defects within the PBC 40, can be tailored for specific frequency amplification requirements.
- Physical defects can be introduced into the PBC 40 by inserting one or more additional rods 17 into the periodic rod lattice as illustrate in FIG. 1 by removing one or more of the lattice rods 12, or by connecting one or more switches 64 between rods, the switches preferably being characterized by high isolation and low loss. Closing a switch 64 disturbs the periodicity of the PBC 40 and is equivalent to introducing a defect, thereby altering the PBC's T factor.
- a voltage source 70 connected to the metallic plates 48 via electrical lines 72 can be used for this purpose.
- the plates 48 contact the opposite ends of the rods 12, but are insulated by insulation regions 74 from the cavity's metallic walls 46, which are preferably grounded.
- T is altered so that, for example, the frequency response of the device can be varied to nullify a moving interference signal.
- the rod dielectric constants can also be varied in other ways.
- the dielectric constants of certain materials are photosensitive.
- Optical fibers could be introduced into the PBC cavity to illuminate the rods and thereby vary the filter's frequency response.
- Gallium arsenide and indium phosphide are examples of such photosensitive dielectric materials.
- FIG. 6 shows another embodiment in which the amplifier 30 is connected through respective switches 84 with a bank of feedback PBCs 82 that have different respective T functions and bandgaps.
- the PBCs 82 form respective feedback loops, one or more of which can be selected by the user through an appropriate operation of the switches 84 to achieve a specific frequency response for the notch filter. This adds to the frequency range over which the filter can be tuned.
- the different PBCs 82 can provide a gross tuning capability, with each PBC having an adjustable frequency response as in FIG. 5 for fine tuning.
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- An active notch filter, comprising an amplifier (30) with an input (32) and an output (34), and a feedback loop between said output (34) and said input (32), said feedback loop generating a feedback signal and comprising an element having at least one frequency bandgap (14) within which it substantially attenuates the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, said feedback loop causing said amplifier (30) to impart a greater amplification to signals within said bandgap (14) than signals outside of said bandgap (14), characterized in that said element generates said feedback signal by transducing a signal at said output (34) into electromagnetic radiation, filters said radiation to attenuate a selected frequency band, and transduces said filtered radiation back into said feedback signal.
- The filter of claim 1, characterized in that it filters a microwave signal and that said element is a first photonic bandgap crystal (PBC) (40) having said at least one bandgap (14).
- The filter of claim 2, characterized in that said PBC (40) includes a housing (46, 48) that forms a waveguide cavity (44).
- The filter of claim 3, characterized in that said housing (46, 48) includes opposed end walls with respective antennas (56, 58) extending into the cavity (44) through said walls, one of said antennas (56) being activated by the amplifier output (34) to transmit electromagnetic radiation into said cavity (44), and the other antenna (58) producing said feedback signal for said feedback loop in response to radiation received from said cavity (44).
- The filter of any of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that said PBC (40) comprises an array of spaced dielectric members (12) that establish the PBC's frequency response.
- The filter of claim 5, characterized in that said dielectric members (12) have dielectric constants that vary in response to a voltage applied across them, and that electrical connectors (72) are provided for applying a voltage (70) across said members (12) to vary the filter's frequency response.
- The filter of any of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that at least one additional PBC (82) is connected in said feedback loop parallel to said first PBC (40), each additional PBC (82) having a frequency response different from said first PBC (40), a switching network (84) being provided for switching selected sets of said PBCs (40, 82) into said feedback loop to control the filter's frequency response.
- A method of filtering an electrical microwave input signal comprising the steps of:a) obtaining a difference between said input signal and an electrical feedback signal to produce a difference signal;b) amplifying said difference signal to produce an electrical output signal; andc) generating said feedback signal by transducing said output signal into electromagnetic radiation, filtering said radiation to attenuate a selected frequency band (14), and transducing said filtered radiation back into said feedback signal,
- The method of claim 8, characterized in that said radiation is filtered by transmitting it through a photonic bandgap crystal (PBC) (40).
- The method of claim 9, characterized in that said PBC (40) includes an array of dielectric members (12) that establish its frequency response, and that the dielectric constants of said members (12) are varied to vary the PBC's (40) frequency response.
- The method of claim 9 or 10, characterized by varying the PBC (40, 82) through which the radiation is filtered to vary the selected frequency band.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US771609 | 1996-12-21 | ||
US08/771,609 US5818309A (en) | 1996-12-21 | 1996-12-21 | Microwave active notch filter and operating method with photonic bandgap crystal feedback loop |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0849877A1 true EP0849877A1 (en) | 1998-06-24 |
EP0849877B1 EP0849877B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
Family
ID=25092385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97122495A Expired - Lifetime EP0849877B1 (en) | 1996-12-21 | 1997-12-19 | Microwave active notch filter and operating method with photonic bandgap crystal feedback loop |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5818309A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0849877B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3091439B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69713047T2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100441560B1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-07-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus for obtaining variable optical attenuation using photonic crystal structures |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5973823A (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-10-26 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Method for the mechanical stabilization and for tuning a filter having a photonic crystal structure |
US5923225A (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 1999-07-13 | De Los Santos; Hector J. | Noise-reduction systems and methods using photonic bandgap crystals |
US5999308A (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 1999-12-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods and systems for introducing electromagnetic radiation into photonic crystals |
US6111472A (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2000-08-29 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Quasi-optical amplifier |
US6452713B1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2002-09-17 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Device for tuning the propagation of electromagnetic energy |
CA2350352A1 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-12-13 | Linda P.B. Katehi | Planar filters utilizing periodic elctro magnetic bandgap substrates |
US7319709B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2008-01-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Creating photon atoms |
US6842149B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2005-01-11 | Solectron Corporation | Combined mechanical package shield antenna |
US6943650B2 (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2005-09-13 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Electromagnetic band gap microwave filter |
CN100334775C (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2007-08-29 | 东南大学 | Wave-guide integrated on substrate-electronic band gap band pass filter |
US20080068112A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | Yu David U L | Rod-loaded radiofrequency cavities and couplers |
US20090021327A1 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Lacomb Julie Anne | Electrical filter system using multi-stage photonic bandgap resonator |
US9888283B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-02-06 | Nagrastar Llc | Systems and methods for performing transport I/O |
USD758372S1 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-06-07 | Nagrastar Llc | Smart card interface |
USD864968S1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2019-10-29 | Echostar Technologies L.L.C. | Smart card interface |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH066102A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1994-01-14 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Active filter |
US5389943A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1995-02-14 | Lockheed Sanders, Inc. | Filter utilizing a frequency selective non-conductive dielectric structure |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4649354A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-03-10 | Avantek, Inc. | Switchable multi-frequency dielectric resonator oscillator |
US4688005A (en) * | 1986-04-01 | 1987-08-18 | Avantek, Inc. | Self-oscillating mixer with Darlington transistors |
FR2627335B1 (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1990-07-20 | Sgs Thomson Microelectronics | CIRCUIT FOR COMPENSATING FOR THE ATTENUATION OF A BAND-CUTTING FILTER AT FREQUENCIES LESS THAN ITS CUTTING FREQUENCY |
JP3343944B2 (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 2002-11-11 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Active bandpass filter |
-
1996
- 1996-12-21 US US08/771,609 patent/US5818309A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 DE DE69713047T patent/DE69713047T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 EP EP97122495A patent/EP0849877B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 JP JP09351570A patent/JP3091439B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5389943A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1995-02-14 | Lockheed Sanders, Inc. | Filter utilizing a frequency selective non-conductive dielectric structure |
US5471180A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1995-11-28 | Lockheed Sanders, Inc. | Low-loss dielectric resonant devices having lattice structures with elongated resonant defects |
JPH066102A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1994-01-14 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Active filter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 202 (E - 1535) 8 April 1994 (1994-04-08) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100441560B1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-07-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus for obtaining variable optical attenuation using photonic crystal structures |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69713047D1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
DE69713047T2 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
EP0849877B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
JPH10294645A (en) | 1998-11-04 |
US5818309A (en) | 1998-10-06 |
JP3091439B2 (en) | 2000-09-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0849877B1 (en) | Microwave active notch filter and operating method with photonic bandgap crystal feedback loop | |
Plourde et al. | Application of dielectric resonators in microwave components | |
JP4021844B2 (en) | Tunable ferroelectric resonator device | |
US4371853A (en) | Strip-line resonator and a band pass filter having the same | |
US5021757A (en) | Band pass filter | |
US9459375B2 (en) | Active manipulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in metamaterials | |
EP0736923B1 (en) | Dispersion compensation technique and apparatus for microwave filters | |
US9857509B2 (en) | Low-loss infrared filter for microwave measurement which integrates a distributed bragg reflector into a microwave transmission line | |
US7915979B2 (en) | Switchable frequency response microwave filter | |
WO2005083831A1 (en) | Waveguide band-stop filter | |
WO2008088144A1 (en) | Tunable device for microwave/millimeter wave application using a transmission line strip | |
US8022792B2 (en) | TM mode evanescent waveguide filter | |
US7369017B2 (en) | Microstrip type bandpass filter | |
US7068129B2 (en) | Tunable waveguide filter | |
US9225051B2 (en) | Tuning bandwidth and center frequencies in a bandpass filter | |
US7796000B2 (en) | Filter coupled by conductive plates having curved surface | |
Jones et al. | Miniaturized reconfigurable dual-band bandstop filter with independent stopband control using folded ridged quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide | |
EP0605642A4 (en) | Narrow band-pass, wide band-stop filter. | |
US3050689A (en) | Broadband solid state amplifier and switch using "dam" cavity | |
Pistono et al. | Hybrid narrow-band tunable bandpass filter based on varactor loaded electromagnetic-bandgap coplanar waveguides | |
US4162458A (en) | TM coaxial cavity oscillator and power combiner | |
US6111472A (en) | Quasi-optical amplifier | |
Psychogiou et al. | Continuously-tunable-bandwidth acoustic-wave resonator-based bandstop filters and their multi-mode modeling | |
JPS63232602A (en) | Resonance filter | |
US4143334A (en) | Microwave/millimeter wave oscillator |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19981216 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: DE FR GB IT |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20010921 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69713047 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20020711 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20030306 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20091229 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20101219 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101219 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151219 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20161227 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20161229 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151219 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20161222 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGRI | Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Effective date: 20170710 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69713047 Country of ref document: DE |