EP0985248B1 - Antenna for high frequency radio signal transmission - Google Patents

Antenna for high frequency radio signal transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0985248B1
EP0985248B1 EP98916829A EP98916829A EP0985248B1 EP 0985248 B1 EP0985248 B1 EP 0985248B1 EP 98916829 A EP98916829 A EP 98916829A EP 98916829 A EP98916829 A EP 98916829A EP 0985248 B1 EP0985248 B1 EP 0985248B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna according
waveguide
lens
outer shell
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98916829A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0985248A1 (en
Inventor
Guido Villino
Friedrich Landstorfer
Marcus Maier
Hans-Oliver Ruoss
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an antenna for radiating high-frequency radio signals according to the genus of the main claim.
  • Sven Zimmermann "Investigations of antennas for an indoor wideband communication system at 60 GHz ", IEEE Workshop Mobile Millimeter Communications (MMMCOM), Technical University Dresden, May 12-13, 1997, pages 89-92, is known Antennas for communication between a base station and several mobile stations in a closed room as Training lens antenna.
  • the aim of this antenna is to a system for high bit rate data transmission in Frequency range of 60 GHz radio connections from one below base station attached to the ceiling to multiple in one to set up enclosed mobile stations.
  • the high-frequency signal at the input of an antenna the base station is connected to the antenna radiated supplying room.
  • the radiation pattern the antenna enables uniform coverage of the entire room area at a defined working height. Under other mobile stations are further away with supplies more transmission power than mobile stations in short distances below the transmitting antenna are located.
  • the signal directly perpendicular to the floor has a lower power level than the signal that is radiated against the boundary walls of the room. At the signal transmission between base station and mobile station reflections caused by multipath propagation should be avoided become. Otherwise, some overlap at the receiving location Waves, so that depending on the phase position until extinction due to interference of the total field strength.
  • the proposed antenna for radiating the high frequency Base station signal consists of a lenticular Plexiglass shape, which is fed by a waveguide.
  • the Geometry of the outer shell of the lens is attached to the Adapted to the conditions of the room with the high frequency Signal should be supplied.
  • the radiated radio signals are linearly polarized. Due to the geometry of the outer Shell of the lens creates reflection losses in the transition between lens material and air.
  • the antennas of mobile subscribers are aligned so that they can suitably receive linearly polarized signals.
  • the antenna according to the invention with the characteristic features of the main claim has the advantage that the inner shell of the dielectric lens one to the room has adapted geometry, while the outer shell a hemisphere. This makes it easier to do to apply an anti-reflective layer and reflection losses at the transition from lens material to air avoid.
  • a primary radiator which consists of a waveguide with a helical antenna, it is possible to design lenses with a low ⁇ r in small dimensions. This makes it possible, for example, to manufacture the lens material from polyethylene. Such an advantage can also be achieved if the primary radiator is formed from a waveguide with a patch antenna.
  • the use of such primary radiators is advantageous circular polarization of the radio signals reached. This means that it is no longer necessary for the antennas of the mobile stations have a certain orientation. By using radio signals with circular polarization the effects of multipath propagation are also mitigated. This minimizes interference effects reachable.
  • the electrical is advantageously Anti-glare treatment by appropriate measures. This will advantageously a ⁇ / 4 layer from a suitable Dielectric applied or achieved by scoring.
  • Figure 1 shows a base station 1 and several mobile stations 2, which communicate with each other via radio signals.
  • the mobile stations 2 are in a closed Space that is delimited by a wall 4 and a ceiling 3.
  • the radio signals emitted by the base station are closed a radiation cone 5 shaped.
  • the radiation cone is shaped so that possible reflections on the wall 4 are avoided.
  • the transmission power is different within the radiation cone, it is higher in the mantle region of the cone Provide more distant mobile stations with transmission power to be able to and decreases in the middle of the radiation cone.
  • FIG. 2 shows the antenna 6 according to the invention, which consists of a Primary radiator 13 and a dielectric lens 12 is made.
  • the primary radiator 13 consists of a waveguide 7 on which a helical antenna 8 is attached.
  • the primary radiator protrudes into the inner shell of the dielectric lens 12.
  • the Outer shell 10 of dielectric lens 12 is hemispherical educated. On the hemispherical surface of the outer shell 10 is the anti-reflective layer 11.
  • the antenna of the base station consists of a primary radiator and the dielectric lens.
  • the primary radiator 13 is excited directly by the waveguide, so that no transitions and additional interfaces are necessary.
  • the primary radiator generates a 60 ° wide radiation diagram with circular polarization, which is shaped by the dielectric lens 12 to form the target diagram.
  • the shape of the dielectric lens depends on the spatial geometry and can be adapted to any room situation. Since the outer and inner shell of the lens can be used for beam shaping, there are two degrees of freedom. In order to be able to implement the simple anti-reflection layer, it is necessary that the wave fronts of the high-frequency signal emerge from the material of the outer shell 10 as parallel as possible to the lens surface. Therefore the hemispherical geometry is chosen for the outer shell.
  • the inner, rotationally symmetrical shell 9 can be adapted to different spatial situations.
  • a ⁇ / 4 anti-reflection layer for the dielectric-air transition grooves are screwed symmetrically into the material of the lens. These grooves must be smaller than the wavelength in the substrate.
  • These grooves of suitable depth and in a suitable duty cycle make a simple anti-reflective layer possible without the additional application of a layer. For example, with a duty cycle of 1: 1, grooves 0.5 mm wide and 1 mm deep are cut into the lens. This avoids reflection losses and improves the efficiency of the antenna. In addition, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are smoothed.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Antenne zum Abstrahlen von hochfrequenten Funksignalen nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Aus der Veröffentlichung Sven Zimmermann: "Investigations of antennas for an indoor wideband communication System at 60 GHz", IEEE Workshop Mobile Millimeter Communications (MMMCOM), Technische Universität Dresden, 12-13.5. 1997, Seiten 89-92, ist bekannt, Antennen für die Kommunikation zwischen einer Basisstation und mehreren Mobilstationen in einem geschlossenen Raum als Linsenantenne auszubilden. Ziel dieser Antenne ist es, in einem System zur hochbitratigen Datenübertragung im Frequenzbereich von 60 GHz Funkverbindungen von einer unter der Decke angebrachten Basisstation zu mehreren in einem geschlossenen Raum befindlichen Mobilstationen aufzubauen. Das am Eingang einer Antenne anliegende hochfrequente Signal der Basisstation wird mit Hilfe der Antenne in den zu versorgenden Raum abgestrahlt. Die Strahlungscharakteristik der Antenne ermöglicht die gleichmäßige Versorgung der gesamten Raumfläche in einer definierten Arbeitshöhe. Unter anderem werden Mobilstationen in weiterer Entfernung mit mehr Sendeleistung versorgt, als Mobilstationen die sich in kurzen Entfernungen unterhalb der sendenden Antenne befinden. Das direkt senkrecht zum Boden gerichtete Signal besitzt einen kleineren Leistungspegel, als das Signal, das gegen die Begrenzungswände des Raumes abgestrahlt wird. Bei der Signalübertragung zwischen Basisstation und Mobilstation sollen Reflektionen durch Mehrwegeausbreitung vermieden werden. Ansonsten überlagern sich am Empfangsort einzelne Wellen, so daß es je nach Phasenlage bis zur Auslöschung durch Interferenzen der Gesamtfeldstärke kommt. Die vorgeschlagene Antenne für das Abstrahlen des hochfrequenten Signals der Basisstation besteht aus einer linsenförmigen Plexiglasform, die von einem Wellenleiter gespeist wird. Die Geometrie der äußeren Schale der Linse ist an die Gegebenheiten des Raumes angepaßt, der mit dem Hochfrequenz Signal versorgt werden soll. Die abgestrahlten Funksignale sind linear polarisiert. Durch die Geometrie der äußeren Schale der Linse entstehen Reflektionsverluste im Übergang zwischen Linsenmaterial und Luft. Zudem müssen die Antennen der mobilen Teilnehmer so ausgerichtet werden, daß sie die linear polarisierten Signale geeignet empfangen.The invention is based on an antenna for radiating high-frequency radio signals according to the genus of the main claim. From the publication Sven Zimmermann: "Investigations of antennas for an indoor wideband communication system at 60 GHz ", IEEE Workshop Mobile Millimeter Communications (MMMCOM), Technical University Dresden, May 12-13, 1997, pages 89-92, is known Antennas for communication between a base station and several mobile stations in a closed room as Training lens antenna. The aim of this antenna is to a system for high bit rate data transmission in Frequency range of 60 GHz radio connections from one below base station attached to the ceiling to multiple in one to set up enclosed mobile stations. The high-frequency signal at the input of an antenna the base station is connected to the antenna radiated supplying room. The radiation pattern the antenna enables uniform coverage of the entire room area at a defined working height. Under other mobile stations are further away with supplies more transmission power than mobile stations in short distances below the transmitting antenna are located. The signal directly perpendicular to the floor has a lower power level than the signal that is radiated against the boundary walls of the room. At the signal transmission between base station and mobile station reflections caused by multipath propagation should be avoided become. Otherwise, some overlap at the receiving location Waves, so that depending on the phase position until extinction due to interference of the total field strength. The proposed antenna for radiating the high frequency Base station signal consists of a lenticular Plexiglass shape, which is fed by a waveguide. The Geometry of the outer shell of the lens is attached to the Adapted to the conditions of the room with the high frequency Signal should be supplied. The radiated radio signals are linearly polarized. Due to the geometry of the outer Shell of the lens creates reflection losses in the transition between lens material and air. In addition, the antennas of mobile subscribers are aligned so that they can suitably receive linearly polarized signals.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat dem gegenüber den Vorteil, daß die innere Schale der dielektrischen Linse eine an den Raum angepaßte Geometrie aufweist, während die äußere Schale aus einer Halbkugel besteht. Dadurch ist es einfacher möglich eine Antireflektionsschicht aufzubringen und Reflektionsverluste beim Übergang von Linsenmaterial und Luft zu vermeiden.The antenna according to the invention with the characteristic features of the main claim has the advantage that the inner shell of the dielectric lens one to the room has adapted geometry, while the outer shell a hemisphere. This makes it easier to do to apply an anti-reflective layer and reflection losses at the transition from lens material to air avoid.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen ist eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung und Verbesserung der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Antenne möglich.By the measures listed in the subclaims an advantageous training and improvement of the Main claim specified antenna possible.

Durch den Einsatz eines Primärstrahlers, der aus einem Hohlleiter mit einer Helixantenne besteht, ist es möglich Linsen mit niedrigem εr in kleinen Abmessungen zu gestalten. Es ist z.B. dadurch möglich, das Linsenmaterial aus Polyethylen herzustellen. Einen solchen Vorteil erreicht man auch wenn man den Primärstrahler aus einem Hohlleiter mit einer Patchantenne ausbildet.By using a primary radiator, which consists of a waveguide with a helical antenna, it is possible to design lenses with a low ε r in small dimensions. This makes it possible, for example, to manufacture the lens material from polyethylene. Such an advantage can also be achieved if the primary radiator is formed from a waveguide with a patch antenna.

Vorteilhafter Weise wird durch den Einsatz solcher Primärstrahler eine zirkulare Polarisation der Funksignale erreicht. Dadurch ist es nicht mehr nötig, daß die Antennen der mobilen Stationen eine bestimmte Ausrichtung aufweisen. Durch die Verwendung von Funksignalen mit zirkularer Polarisation wird auch der Effekte der Mehrwegeausbreitung entschärft. Es ist dadurch eine Minimierung von Interferenzeffekten erreichbar. Vorteilhafter Weise wird die elektrische Linse durch geeignete Maßnahmen entspiegelt. Dazu wird vorteilhafter Weise eine λ/4-Schicht aus einem geeigneten Dielektrikum aufgebracht oder durch eine Rillung erzielt.The use of such primary radiators is advantageous circular polarization of the radio signals reached. This means that it is no longer necessary for the antennas of the mobile stations have a certain orientation. By using radio signals with circular polarization the effects of multipath propagation are also mitigated. This minimizes interference effects reachable. The electrical is advantageously Anti-glare treatment by appropriate measures. This will advantageously a λ / 4 layer from a suitable Dielectric applied or achieved by scoring.

Zeichnungendrawings

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt Figur 1 das Kommunikationssystem und Figur 2 die erfindungsgemäße Antenne.An embodiment is shown in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. It Figure 1 shows the communication system and Figure 2 shows the antenna according to the invention.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Figur 1 zeigt eine Basisstation 1 und mehrere Mobilstationen 2, die über Funksignale miteinander kommunizieren. Die mobilen Stationen 2 befinden sich in einem geschlossenen Raum, der durch eine Wand 4 und eine Decke 3 begrenzt ist. Die von der Basisstation abgestrahlten Funksignale sind zu einem Abstrahlkegel 5 geformt. Figure 1 shows a base station 1 and several mobile stations 2, which communicate with each other via radio signals. The mobile stations 2 are in a closed Space that is delimited by a wall 4 and a ceiling 3. The radio signals emitted by the base station are closed a radiation cone 5 shaped.

Es ist zu erkennen, daß der Abstrahlkegel so geformt ist, daß möglichst Reflektionen an der Wand 4 vermieden werden. Die Sendeleistung ist innerhalb des Abstrahlkegels unterschiedlich, sie ist im Mantelbereich des Kegels höher, um weiter entfernte Mobilstationen mit Sendeleistung versorgen zu können und verringert sich in der Mitte des Abstrahlkegels.It can be seen that the radiation cone is shaped so that possible reflections on the wall 4 are avoided. The transmission power is different within the radiation cone, it is higher in the mantle region of the cone Provide more distant mobile stations with transmission power to be able to and decreases in the middle of the radiation cone.

Figur 2 zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Antenne 6, die aus einem Primärstrahler 13 und einer dielektrischen Linse 12 besteht. Der Primärstrahler 13 besteht aus einem Hohlleiter 7, an dem eine Helixantenne 8 angebracht ist. Der Primärstrahler ragt in die innere Schale der dielektrischen Linse 12 hinein. Die äußere Schale 10 der dielektrischen Linse 12 ist halbkugelförmig ausgebildet. Auf der halbkugelförmigen Oberfläche der äußeren Schale 10 befindet sich die Antireflektionsschicht 11.FIG. 2 shows the antenna 6 according to the invention, which consists of a Primary radiator 13 and a dielectric lens 12 is made. The primary radiator 13 consists of a waveguide 7 on which a helical antenna 8 is attached. The primary radiator protrudes into the inner shell of the dielectric lens 12. The Outer shell 10 of dielectric lens 12 is hemispherical educated. On the hemispherical surface of the outer shell 10 is the anti-reflective layer 11.

Die Antenne der Basisstation besteht aus einem Primärstrahler und der dielektrischen Linse. Der Primärstrahler 13 wird direkt durch den Hohlleiter erregt, wodurch keine Übergänge und zusätzliche Schnittstellen notwendig sind. Der Primärstrahler erzeugt ein 60° breites Strahlungsdiagramm mit zirkularer Polarisation, das durch die dielektrische Linse 12 zum Solldiagramm geformt wird. Die Form der dielektrischen Linse richtet sich nach der räumlichen Geometrie und kann an jede Raumsituation angepaßt werden. Da zur Strahlformung die äußere und die innere Schale der Linse genutzt werden kann, sind zwei Freiheitsgrade vorhanden. Um die einfache Antireflektionsschicht realisieren zu können, ist es notwendig, daß die Wellenfronten des Hochfrequenzsignals möglichst parallel zur Linsenoberfläche aus dem Material der äußeren Schale 10 austreten. Deshalb wird für die äußere Schale die halbkugelförmige Geometrie gewählt. Die innere, rotationssymetrische Schale 9 kann an verschiedene Raumsituationen angepaßt werden. Die Linse selbst besteht aus einem dielektrischen Material, das einfach zu bearbeiten ist. Beispielsweise wird Polyethylen mit einem εr = 2,14 verwendet. Als λ/4-Antireflektionsschicht für den Übergang Dielektrikum-Luft werden in das Material der Linse symmetrisch Nuten eingedreht. Diese Nuten müssen kleiner als die Wellenlänge im Substrat sein. Durch diese Nuten geeigneter Tiefe und in einem geeigneten Tastverhältnis wird eine einfache Antireflexschicht ohne zusätzliches Aufbringen einer Schichtung möglich. Beispielsweise wird bei einem Tastverhältnis von 1:1 Nuten von 0,5 mm Breite und 1 mm Tiefe in die Linse geschnitten. Dadurch werden Reflektionsverluste vermieden und der Wirkungsgrad der Antenne verbessert. Zudem wird die Strahlungscharakteristik der Antenne geglättet.The antenna of the base station consists of a primary radiator and the dielectric lens. The primary radiator 13 is excited directly by the waveguide, so that no transitions and additional interfaces are necessary. The primary radiator generates a 60 ° wide radiation diagram with circular polarization, which is shaped by the dielectric lens 12 to form the target diagram. The shape of the dielectric lens depends on the spatial geometry and can be adapted to any room situation. Since the outer and inner shell of the lens can be used for beam shaping, there are two degrees of freedom. In order to be able to implement the simple anti-reflection layer, it is necessary that the wave fronts of the high-frequency signal emerge from the material of the outer shell 10 as parallel as possible to the lens surface. Therefore the hemispherical geometry is chosen for the outer shell. The inner, rotationally symmetrical shell 9 can be adapted to different spatial situations. The lens itself is made of a dielectric material that is easy to machine. For example, polyethylene with an ε r = 2.14 is used. As a λ / 4 anti-reflection layer for the dielectric-air transition, grooves are screwed symmetrically into the material of the lens. These grooves must be smaller than the wavelength in the substrate. These grooves of suitable depth and in a suitable duty cycle make a simple anti-reflective layer possible without the additional application of a layer. For example, with a duty cycle of 1: 1, grooves 0.5 mm wide and 1 mm deep are cut into the lens. This avoids reflection losses and improves the efficiency of the antenna. In addition, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are smoothed.

Claims (8)

  1. Antenna (6) for transmitting radio-frequency radio signals in an enclosed area, with the transmission lobe (5) being determined by a dielectric lens (12) which encloses a primary antenna element (13), with the dielectric lens (12) comprising an inner shell (9) and an outer shell (10), characterized in that the geometry of the inner shell (9) is matched to the characteristics of the area in such a manner as to form a radiation characteristic for the antenna (6) which results in the entire indoor area being supplied uniformly with transmitted power at a defined operating level, and in that the outer shell (10) has a hemispherical geometry.
  2. Antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the material of the dielectric lens is polyethylene.
  3. Antenna according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer shell (10) has rotationally symmetrical grooves which form a λ/4 layer.
  4. Antenna according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer antenna shell (10) has a dielectric coating.
  5. Antenna according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the primary antenna element consists of a waveguide (7) with a helical antenna (8).
  6. Antenna according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the primary antenna element consists of a waveguide (7) with a patch antenna (8).
  7. Antenna according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the primary antenna element consists of a waveguide (7).
  8. Antenna according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the radio signals are circular-polarized.
EP98916829A 1997-05-30 1998-03-03 Antenna for high frequency radio signal transmission Expired - Lifetime EP0985248B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722547 1997-05-30
DE19722547A DE19722547A1 (en) 1997-05-30 1997-05-30 Antenna for radiating high-frequency radio signals
PCT/DE1998/000615 WO1998054788A1 (en) 1997-05-30 1998-03-03 Antenna for high frequency radio signal transmission

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0985248A1 EP0985248A1 (en) 2000-03-15
EP0985248B1 true EP0985248B1 (en) 2001-10-24

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US (1) US6310587B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0985248B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002500835A (en)
KR (1) KR100552258B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19722547A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2166599T3 (en)
TW (1) TW413965B (en)
WO (1) WO1998054788A1 (en)

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WO1998054788A1 (en) 1998-12-03
KR100552258B1 (en) 2006-02-15
JP2002500835A (en) 2002-01-08
US6310587B1 (en) 2001-10-30
DE59801877D1 (en) 2001-11-29
TW413965B (en) 2000-12-01
ES2166599T3 (en) 2002-04-16
EP0985248A1 (en) 2000-03-15
KR20010020361A (en) 2001-03-15

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