EP1160691A2 - Distribution system for structured information - Google Patents
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- EP1160691A2 EP1160691A2 EP01304275A EP01304275A EP1160691A2 EP 1160691 A2 EP1160691 A2 EP 1160691A2 EP 01304275 A EP01304275 A EP 01304275A EP 01304275 A EP01304275 A EP 01304275A EP 1160691 A2 EP1160691 A2 EP 1160691A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/953—Querying, e.g. by the use of web search engines
- G06F16/9535—Search customisation based on user profiles and personalisation
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates generally to information distribution methods, and particularly to methods for transferring information between computers or devices using data processing.
- It is frequently necessary to transport data from one computer to another. One common method used for transporting data employs a portable storage medium, such as a diskette, which is placed into an output device, such as a disk drive, in the computer which contains data to be transported to another computer. The disk drive writes the data to the diskette, and the diskette is physically transported to the computer which is to receive the data. The data is then read from the diskette using an input device, such as a disk drive. Although this method is effective, it is inefficient since it requires physically moving diskettes from the sending computer to the receiving computer. In addition, the relatively limited data storage capacity in portable storage media restricts the amount of data which can be transported at once, requiring more memory media or more frequent trips between computers to transport data. In addition, transfer of data is dependent on distance disk needs to be transported. The further the distance, the more time required to perform the transfer. Also, each disk cannot be used simultaneously by multiple users, where only one user can handle the disk at a time.
- Alternatively, data is transferred from one computer to another by connecting the computers with a transmission medium, such as a cable. The sending computer uses a data communication device to write data to the transmission medium, and the receiving computer uses a similar device to read data from the transmission medium. Communication between the computers is bidirectional, however, for efficient communication to take place, transmissions must follow particular conventions, known as protocols. For example, a protocol might require that one computer not send data to the transmission medium unless the other computer is ready to receive the data being sent. Communication between two computers through transmission media is very useful, however, this limits communication to be possible only between the two computers which are connected to the transmission media.
- It is also possible for three or more computers to share the same transmission medium for a more versatile means of communication. In this case, when one computer sends data, all the other computers can receive it. This is referred to as broadcasting. When a group of computers are connected in this manner, a broadcast network is formed.
- A broadcast network requires a complex protocol in which each computer connected to the transmission medium is required to be assigned a unique address. When one computer sends data to another computer it includes its own address arid the receiving computer's address. Each computer passively receives the transmission, except, only the receiving computer, which actively receives it. If the number of computers connected to the transmission medium is limited, data intended for more than one computer is not duplicated, and there is less duplication of data. However, a broadcast network doesn't scale well, since much of the traffic each computer sees is irrelevant. When two broadcast networks are connected to each other, one way to keep information traffic localized is to include one computer in each network to handle external communications. A computer which performs this role on behalf of a network is referred to as a router. For example, each of two broadcast networks, network A and network B, has its own router which is connected to one another. A sending computer on network A broadcasts data which is intended for a receiving computer on network B. The router on network A hears the transmission, and recognizes that the data is destined for a receiving computer on network B, and sends the data to the router on network B. The router on network B broadcasts the data on network B, and the receiving computer hears it and receives the data. The two broadcast networks and the link between them form a routed network, referred to as an internet. This internet may be connected to other internets to form a larger network. Larger networks can be connected to other larger internets to form an even larger internet. The Internet is an example of a large public internet.
- Routed networks require more complicated data transport protocols and addresses than broadcast networks. The most widely adopted protocol and addressing scheme used by routed networks is the Internet Protocol (IP), which also provides a foundation for a family of protocols used for specialized communications. Some examples of transport protocols include Domain Name Service (DNS), which identifies computers by name as well as by address; Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which guarantees a reliable channel between two applications on different computers; Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP), which uses TCP to move electronic mail from one computer to another; Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP), also based on TCP, and forms the basis of the World Wide Web; File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which uses two or more TCP connections to move files between computers. Any of these transport protocols may be used to move documents between computers on a network.
- Currently, it is not complicated to transport data from one computer to another, anywhere in the world at any time, if the sending and receiving computers are connected to the Internet and their names or addresses are specified. The process by which data is transferred between computers is no longer a significant problem, however, determining what data to send, how to represent the data, and where to send the data remains a challenge.
- Computer systems are proficient at performing functions on data, however they are not as capable as people are at interpreting data to determine what information is represented by the data. For example, Fig. 1 shows a set of
data 1600 represented by a sequence of characters. A person may deduce what information is represented by the characters through guesswork. Complex computer systems have been designed to do the same, although without the same level of sophistication as in the human mind. Generally, computers and humans require some clues regarding the structure and context of the data in order to interpret its meaning. Fig. 1(b) shows thedata 1600 structured as a sequence ofelements commas 1602. Structuring the data in this manner provides some indication as to what the data represents. For example, thelast element 1616 is thenumber 1, thesecond element 1606 might be a date, and in thethird element 1608, '123' belongs with 'Aer lingus flight'. If it is known that this data should be interpreted as "Airline flight status", the information may be interpreted as flight information. Thefirst element 1604 represents the flight origin of Dublin, thesecond element 1606 represents the flight time of March 22, 2000, 06:20:03 GMT, thethird element 1608 represents the flight number of Aer lingus flight123, thefourth element 1610 represents the destination of Heathrow Airport, thefifth element 1612 represents the flight status being on time, thesixth element 1614 represents the arrival time of 8:00, and thelast element 1616 represents the terminal number of 1. Afree text representation 1618 of this information is shown in Fig. 1(c), which can easily be interpreted by humans who have some understanding of air travel information and the English language. However, interpretation of data in free text format by computers would be very complicated to achieve since the structure of the data can be inconsistent with the limited types of formats that the computer can decipher. - Markup languages offer a powerful compromise between the information content of free text and the fixed structures that computer systems require to decipher such data. The
data 1600 expressed using Extensible Markup Language (XML) is shown in Fig. 1(d) to includeelements 1620 introduced by astart tag 1622 containing aname 1626, followed by anend tag 1624 containing thename 1626 prefixed by aforward slash 1628.Tags angle brackets 1630.Elements 1620 may contain text/other elements 1632. Element "FLIGHT-EVENT" 1634 includes sevenother elements 1620, andelement 1620 "ORIGIN" includestext 1632 "DUB".Element 1620 "FLIGHT-TIME" includestext 1632 "Wed Mar 22 06:20:03 GMT 2000",element 1620 "FLIGHT-NUMBER" includestext 1632 "Aer Lingus flight123",element 1620 "DESTINATION" includestext 1632 "HTW",element 1620 "STATUS" includestext 1632 "ONTIME",element 1620 "ARRIVAL-TIME" includestext 1632 "0800",element 1620 "TERMINAL-NUMBER" includestext 1632 "1". A system which is familiar with "FLIGHT-EVENT"elements 1620 can read any of theelements 1620 directly, without being required to read them in the order that they appear. This is an example of structured information which is typically stored in the form of a document for manipulation and transport. There is no theoretical limit to the size of the document, where a very large document may be treated as a continuous stream of information. XML is a very useful means for representation of information between organizations or people. Increasingly more sources publish information on the Internet using XML and similar formats. As more information becomes available in XML format, a method for selecting relevant portions of data and discarding non-relevant data will become more important. Query and manipulation languages for structured information are growing to become more sophisticated, however, in conventional configurations, entire documents must be transported across the network before a query for relevant information within a document can be executed locally. Public information is typically made available on web sites, allowing interested parties to download documents at will. Alternatively, when distribution of documents is initiated by a provider, documents can be sent to one or more consumers as e-mail messages. In addition, other distribution methods are available within proprietary frameworks. In this context 'Pull' implies that the consumer initiates each transfer and 'Push' implies that the provider initiates each transfer. A 'Publish and Subscribe' distribution system is another method of information distribution in which the provider maintains a list of interested consumers and sends documents to all consumers on the list from time to time. - If a single document is distributed to consumers which are dispersed across several networks, network resources can be conserved by sending a single copy to each network which has consumers. The document is then broadcast on the network in such a way that only the interested consumers hear it. This compromise between direct transfer and broadcast is known as 'Multicast'.
- Many organizations find it convenient to consolidate all their external network communications at a single point, for better management, security or economy. Such a point of contact is sometimes known as a 'gateway'. A typical example is the corporate mail server.
- There is a need for gateways to manage the controlled exchange of structured information between organizations, providing each organization a means to protect a single gateway computer rather than many computers, and to consolidate requests for documents from external computers or networks so that documents received in response can be distributed internally. This is more economical, particularly when requested documents require payment. In addition, it is possible to enforce a limit to internal users regarding the quantity of requests which are allowed for documents which require payment, thereby limiting spending and duplication of spending. Thus, the need arises for a system and method for a general-purpose open distribution mechanism for structured information, which can conserve network resources by selecting the relevant parts of a document near the source and combining similar requests from groups of consumers, so as to provide better information management, security, economy.
- An information routing system for distributing structured information between a provider and one or more consumers is disclosed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes an information router for coupling the provider to the one or more consumers comprising a subscriber, a person or an organization coupled to the information router for conveying the one or more consumer's interest in a particular service.
- The particular service includes a particular content as defined by the subscriber. The system further includes service request means for requesting the particular service dictated by the subscriber to the information router, and service response means responsive to a document received by the information router from the provider, the received document being parsed to include only the particular content, wherein requests for information by subscribers are sent to an information router which parses a document received from the provider and returns service information from which relevant portions are then sent in the form of service responses to the consumers.
- The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments which make reference to several figures of the drawing.
- Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
- Fig. 1(a) shows a prior art set of
data 1600 represented by a sequence of characters. - Fig. 1(b) shows a prior art set of
data 1600 withelements commas 1602. - Fig. 1(c) shows a prior art
free text representation 1618 of thedata 1600 shown in Fig. 1(a). - Fig. 1(d) shows a prior art Extensible Markup Language (XML) representation
of the
data 1600 shown in Fig. 1(a). - Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of an
information routing system 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 3 shows a
provider 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 4 shows an
information router - Fig. 5 shows one example of a
service publication unit 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of functions performed as
entry gateway 106 ofservice publication unit 100 in Fig. 5 processes aservice definition 104. - Fig. 7 shows one example of a
request flow unit 120, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 8 shows a flowchart of how
exit gateway 130 shown in Fig. 7 processes aservice request - Fig. 9 shows a flowchart of how intermediary 134, in Fig. 7, processes a
forwarded
service request 132, according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 10 shows a flowchart representing the summarization process of an
information router single service 156, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 11shows a flowchart representing the process by which an
exit gateway 130 or an intermediary134 would forward a service request summary152, 162 to anentry gateway 136, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 12 shows an example of an
information flow unit 168 depicting howservice information 170 flows between aprovider 172 to aconsumer 174, according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 13 shows a flowchart of the process by which an
information router incoming service information 170 or forwardedservice responses - Fig. 14(a) shows a block diagram of an example of a flight status
information routing system 1500, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, to illustrate the summarization process. - Fig. 14(b) shows an
information router segment 1530, frominformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a), in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 14(c) shows an
information routing segment 1532 ofinformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a), according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 14(d) shows an
information routing segment 1534 frominformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a), according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 14(e) shows an
information routing segment 1536 ofinformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a), according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Fig. 14(f) shows an
information routing segment 1538 ofinformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a), according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
- Referring now to Fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention is shown to include an
information routing system 9 comprising of apublisher 16, aprovider 10, aninternet publishing service 24, twoinformation routers subscriber 28, and aconsumer 30. Also shown in Fig. 2 are types of structured information which are exchanged within theinformation routing system 9 in the form of documents, includingservice definition 18,service request templates service request 34, forwardedservice request 38,service response 42, forwardedservice response 40, andservice information 15. - In Fig. 3, a provider is shown, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, to include a
service 12.
Shown in Fig. 4 is aninformation router service definition store 44 for storage ofservice definitions 18, a forwardedservice request store 46 for storage of forwardedservice requests 38, a servicerequest summary store 48 for storage ofservice request summaries 52, and aservice request store 50 for storage of service requests 34, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - Referring now to
information routing system 9 shown in Fig. 2 again,provider 10 processes data and can create or manipulate structured information. The supply of one type of information by oneprovider 10 is known as aservice 12.Publisher 16 is aware ofservice information 15 aboutservice 12 provided byprovider 10.Publisher 16 is a person or organization which describes and advertisesservices 12, not necessarily owning nor controllingprovider 10 ofservice 12. It is also possible forpublisher 16 andprovider 10 to be the same person or organization.Publisher 16 producesservice definition 18 involved withservice information 15, and then providesservice definition 18 forinformation router 20 which is then stored inservice definition store 44 shown in Fig. 4. Theservice definition 18 describes the structure of theservice information 15 and the location where it is made available, and may also include other aspects of theservice 12, such as the frequency of supply, charges or restrictions on use of theservice information 15, or sensitive information about theprovider 10. Theservice definition 18 further includes one or moreservice request templates 22 which describes how to request subsets of theservice information 15. Thepublisher 16 also makes availableservice request templates internet publishing services 24 forsubscriber 28.Provider 10 providesinformation router 20 withservice information 15 according to requirements ofservice definition 18. -
Consumer 30 is a data processor which receives and uses all or some ofservice information 15 offered byprovider 10, whereassubscriber 28 is a person or organization which expresses consumer's 30 interest in aservice 12.Subscriber 28 does not necessarily own or controlconsumer 30.Subscriber 28 creates aservice request 34 by combining aservice request template 26 with information from theconsumer 30, minimally including specification ofservice 12 being requested,address 56 ofinformation router 20 withavailable service 12, consumer'saddress 54 where information is to be sent, and a result specification comprising of information such as selection criteria to identify which parts ofservice information 15 are interesting and which parts should be returned, formatting instructions to define the presentation of theservice response 42, transformation instructions to change theresponse 42 into a different form, scripts written in a standard language such as XSL or XQL, parameters to control specialized features of custom information routers, or any other processing information whichinformation routing system 9 is capable of comprehending.Service request 34 is transmitted toinformation router 36, where it is stored inservice request store 50.Information router 36 producesservice request summary 52 comprising of information extracted from one ormore service requests 34 received byinformation router 36, which is then stored in servicerequest summary store 48. Theservice request summary 52 is then transmitted toinformation router 20 in the form of forwardedservice request 38.Information router 36 is known as the forwarding information router, since it is the sender ofservice request summary 52.Service provider 10 determines whenservice information 15 is sent, and is not controlled byinformation routers service information 15 is sent fromservice provider 10 toinformation router 20, the receivedservice information 15 is formatted according to a service definition.Service information 15 is parsed ininformation router 20 to include elements requested by forwardedservice request 38, creating a forwardedservice response 40 which is transported toinformation router 36. - In Fig. 2,
service response 42 is developed byinformation router 36 by referring toservice request 34 to determine details of information to return in reply.Service response 42 is then transmitted toconsumer 30. The contents, structure and format of theinformation 15 provided inservice response 42 depend on parameters included in theservice request 34. For example, formatting instructions determine how data is presented inservice response 42. - An information router which receives service information from one or more providers is also known as an entry gateway, while an information router which receives a service request from a subscriber and sends the corresponding service response to a consumer is also known as an exit gateway. In Fig. 2,
information router 20, which receivesservice information 15 fromprovider 10, is an entry gateway. Also, sinceinformation router 36 receivesservice request 34 fromsubscriber 28 and sendscorresponding service response 42 toconsumer 30, it is an exit gateway. Eachentry gateway 20 represents aparticular service 12 which can be provided by one ormore providers 10. - In Fig. 5, one example of a
service publication unit 100 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Theservice publication unit 100 is shown to include apublisher 102, aservice definition 104, anentry gateway 106, aservice definition store 108,service request templates internet publishing services 112, and asubscriber 116. Thepublisher 102 prepares aservice definition 104 and sends it toentry gateway 106 which saves it in itsservice definition store 108. Thepublisher 102 makesservice request templates 110 available tosubscriber 116 using any appropriate publishing mechanism such asinternet publishing services 112. - Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of functions performed as
entry gateway 106 ofservice publication unit 100 in Fig. 5 processes aservice definition 104. At 1004, theentry gateway 106 saves theservice definition 104 instore 108, replacing the existingdefinition 118 if one exists. The process then comes to a stop at 1007. - Referring now to Fig. 7, one example of a
request flow unit 120 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Therequest flow unit 120 is shown to include aprovider 154 providing aservice 156 andservice information 158 to anentry gateway 136,subscribers service requests gateway 130, which sends forwardedservice request 164 to an intermediary 134. Information routers coupled between anentry gateway 136 and anexit gateway 130 are also known asintermediaries 134. Forwardedservice request 132 is sent from intermediary 134 toentry gateway 136.Exit gateway 130 includes aservice request store 138 and a servicerequest summary store 140. The intermediary 134 includes a forwardedservice request store 142 and a servicerequest summary store 144, and theentry gateway 136 includes a forwardedservice request store 146.Subscriber 122 customizes aservice request template 148 to createservice request 126 and submits it to exitgateway 130 using any transport protocol, such as SMTP, HTTP or FTP, supported by both thesubscriber 122 and theexit gateway 130. Similarly,subscriber 124 customizes aservice request template 150 to createservice request 128 and submits it to exitgateway 130 using any transport protocol supported by both thesubscriber 124 and theexit gateway 130. For eachservice request exit gateway 130 maintains a store ofoutstanding service requests 138 and a summary of service requests 152. - In Fig. 8, a flowchart of how
exit gateway 130 shown in Fig. 7 processes aservice request Exit gateway 130stores service request service request store 138, at 1014 and then determines at 1018 if it should summarizeservice requests service 156 provided byprovider 154. If service requests 126, 128 are not to be summarized, the process is stopped at 1022. If summarization is to occur, it is invoked at 1020. Aservice request summary 152 consolidates service requests by describing the subset ofservice information 158 which is required to fulfill all the service requests126, 128 which have been saved inservice request store 138 associated withexit gateway 130. Thesummary 152 represents a logical and functional union of the results requested by the current andprevious service requests fresh summary 152 when anew service request exit gateway 130, or alternatively, afresh summary 152 is generated at less frequent intervals afternumerous service requests exit gateway 130 to increase efficiency of the process. The process of summarization is further described in a detailed example hereinbelow. - Referring again to Fig. 7, if service requests 126 and 128 are associated with the
same service 156,exit gateway 130 summarizes them, producing forwardedservice request 132, which is sent to intermediary 134. Forwardedservice request 132 minimally includes the sending information router'saddress 160, and aservice request summary 152. For each service156, intermediary 134, in Fig. 7, maintains outstanding forwardedservice requests 132 instore 142 and a summary of forwardedservice requests 162 instore 144. Only the most recent forwardedservice requests 132 for eachservice 156 from forwardinginformation router 130 is saved instore 142. - In Fig. 9, a flowchart of how intermediary 134, in Fig. 7, processes a forwarded
service request 132 is shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Intermediary 134 saves forwardedservice request 132 in forwardedservice request store 142, at 1034.Intermediary 134 then determines at 1038 whether it should summarize forwarded service requests 132. If so, the summarization process is invoked at 1040. If summarization is not necessary, the process is stopped at 1042. The procedure an intermediary 134 uses to summarize forwardedservice requests 132 is similar to theprocedure exit gateway 130 uses to summarizeservice requests - Referring to Fig. 7 again, intermediary 134 summarizes outstanding forwarded
service requests 132 saved instore 142, producesservice request summary 162 which is saved instore 144 and sends it as forwardedservice request 164 toentry gateway 136. Alternatively, intermediary 134 can send forwarded service request 164(a) to another intermediary 134(a). - In Fig. 10, a flowchart representing the summarization process of an
information router single service 156 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the process of summarization forexit gateway 130 would begin withexit gateway 130 creating asummary 152 at 1050. If there are anyservice requests service request store 138 they are retrieved at 1054 and merged into thesummary 152 at 1064. When there are no service requests to add from theservice request store 138, the process continues, determining whether there are any forwarded service requests in the forwarded service request store to be retrieved at 1060 and merged into thesummary 152 at 1068. When there are no more forwarded service requests to be retrieved, thesummary 152 is then stored in thesummary store 140, at 1070. In the present example there are no forwarded service requests forexit gateway 130 to retrieve.Exit gateway 130 determines at 1072 if it should forward the completedsummary 152 tonext information router 134 immediately. If it should, it then generates and sends a forwardedservice request 132 at 1074. If not, the process comes to a stop at 1076. - In Fig. 11, a flowchart representing the process by which an
exit gateway 130 or an intermediary134 would forward a service request summary152, 162 to anentry gateway 136 is shown, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. For example, when intermediary 134 in Fig. 7forwards summary 162 toentry gateway 136, at 1080, intermediary 134 retrieves thesummary 162 from the forwarded servicerequest summary store 144, finds theentry gateway address 166 for theservice 156 at 1084, then prepares a forwardedservice request 164 at 1086 and sends it toentry gateway 136 at 1088.Entry gateway 136 stores incoming forwardedservice request 164 in forwardedservice request store 146, only keeping the mostrecent summary 162 from intermediary 134 forservice 156. It is possible forentry gateway 136 to receive a number of forwardedservice requests 164 forservice 156, from differentforwarding information routers 134. The process then comes to a stop at 1090. - An example of an
information flow unit 168 depicting howservice information 170 flows between aprovider 172 to aconsumer 174 is shown in Fig. 12, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Theinformation flow unit 168 is shown to include aservice 176 provided byprovider 172, which sendsservice information 170 to anentry gateway 178, which sends a forwardedservice response 180 to an intermediary 182. Forwardedservice response 184 is sent from intermediary 182 to anexit gateway 186, which sends aservice response 188 toconsumer 174.Provider 172 suppliesservice information 170 toentry gateway 178, according to one of theservice definitions 190 inservice definition store 192 associated withentry gateway 178.Entry gateway 178 uses forwardedservice requests 194 previously saved in forwardedservice request store 196 to select information to be extracted fromservice information 170 and determine where to send it. For each forwardedservice request 194,entry gateway 178 sends the selected subset of the service information 170 (a) to the forwardinginformation router 182 as forwardedservice response 180. Forwardedservice response 180 minimally includes anidentifier 198 for theservice 176 to which this information belongs, and a subset of theservice information 170 which was supplied toentry gateway 178. When intermediary 182 receives forwardedservice response 180, it uses the forwardedservice requests 200 previously saved in forwardedservice request store 202 to select information to be extracted from subset of service information 170 (a) and determine where to send it.Intermediary 182 sends subset of service information 170(b) toexit gateway 186 in forwardedservice response 184. Alternatively, intermediary 182 can send forwarded service response 184(a) to another intermediary 182(a). Whenexit gateway 186 receives forwardedservice response 184, it processes it according to the service requests 204 previously saved inservice request store 206 and sends the results to theconsumer 174 in the form ofservice response 188. For eachoutstanding service request 204 for thisservice 176,exit gateway 186 uses the "Result" specification to select and transform theservice information 170 to fulfill the service requests 204. "Result" specification is shown in more detail hereinbelow. Theservice request 204 may include structure and format instructions, which theexit gateway 186 applies. If no structure and formatting instructions are supplied byservice request 204, theservice response 188 is similar in structure and format ofservice information 170 originally supplied to theentry gateway 178 byprovider 172. - Fig. 13 shows a flowchart on the process by which an
information router incoming service information 170 or forwardedservice responses service response 180 by first retrieving any forwardedservice requests 200 forservice 176 in forwardedservice request store 202 associated with intermediary 182 at 1092.Intermediary 182 uses forwardedservice request 200 to prepare a forwardedservice response 184 at 1100 and sends it to exitgateway 186 at 1102. When there are no more forwardedservice requests 200 to be added, service requests forservice 176 are searched for in service request store associated with intermediary 182 at 1096. If there are any service requests forservice 176 in the service request store associated with intermediary 182, they are retrieved at 1096. For each service request, intermediary 182 would apply the "Result" specification in service request to filter out requested information to be sent to the consumer at 1110. However, since there are no service requests associated with intermediary 182, the process comes to a stop at 1112. - Referring now to Fig. 14(a), a block diagram of an example of a flight status
information routing system 1500 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention to illustrate the summarization process. Included are aprovider 1502 providingservice 1503,information routers consumers Information router 1504 is coupled toprovider 1502, and therefore is an entry gateway.Information router 1506 is coupled toentry gateway 1504 and toinformation routers information router 1508, whileconsumer 1516 is coupled toinformation router 1510, and thereforeinformation routers subscriber 1518 is coupled to bothexit gateways consumers - In the present example, a computer system at Heathrow Airport, which acts as
provider 1502, provides aservice 1503 identified as "Heathrow" for monitoring the status of incoming flights. Whenever the status of a flight changes,provider 1502 generates an XML document 1773(a), 1773(b), 1773(c) describing the change and transmits it toentry gateway 1504. - In Fig. 14(b), an
information router segment 1530, frominformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a), is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention to includeentry gateway 1504 including a forwardedservice request store 1804, intermediary 1506 including a forwardedservice request store 1797 and a forwarded servicerequest summary store 1798,exit gateway 1508 including aservice request store 1792 and a servicerequest summary store 1795, andsubscriber 1518. Also shown in Fig. 14(b) are sets of information being transmitted withininformation routing segment 1530, including forwardedservice requests service request 1776, aservice request summary 1794, and a forwardedservice request summary 1800. An example illustrating the process by which information from aninitial service request 1776 is propagated throughinformation routing segment 1530 is discussed here. First,subscriber 1518 preparesservice request 1776 and submits it to exitgateway 1508 on behalf ofconsumer 1512.Service request 1776 comprises of the following information: - Consumer: 1512
- Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status.
- Format: HTML
- Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
- Sender:
Information router 1508 - Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
- Service: 'Heathrow'
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
- Sender:
Information router 1506 - Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
-
- In Fig. 14(c),
information routing segment 1532 ofinformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a) is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention to includeprovider 1502, andentry gateway 1504 which includes aservice request store 1804. Also included in Fig. 14(c) are a forwardedservice request 1802, adocument 1774, and service information 1773(a). In Fig 14(c), the process by which theinformation routing segment 1532 handles service information 1773(a) which has not been requested by any of theconsumers -
Provider 1502 generates service information 1773(a) and sends it toentry gateway 1504 in the form of adocument 1774 comprising: - Time: 07:05
- Operator: VS
- Flight: VS022
- Origin: WASHINGTON
- Status: LANDED
- Terminal: 3
-
- Shown in Fig. 14(d) is an
information routing segment 1534 frominformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a), according to an embodiment of the present invention.Information routing segment 1534 is shown to includeprovider 1502,entry gateway 1504 including a forwardedservice request store 1804, intermediary 1506 including a forwardedservice request store 1797,exit gateway 1508 including aservice request store 1792, andconsumer 1512. Also shown to be included ininformation routing segment 1534 are service information 1773(b), adocument 2002, forwardedservice requests service request 1776, forwardedservice responses service response 1812. An example of the process by which service information 1773(b) propagates through theinformation routing segment 1534 in response to asingle service request 1776 is depicted in Fig. 14(d).Provider 1502 generates service information 1773(b) and sends it toentry gateway 1504 in the form ofdocument 2002 comprising: - Time: 07:05
- Operator: BA
- Flight: BA022
- Origin: DUBLIN
- Status: LANDED
- Terminal: 1
- Criteria: Operator is BA
Since this "Criteria" specification matches the "Operator" specified as "BA" indocument 2002,entry gateway 1504 examines the "Result" specification in forwardedservice request 1802 which comprises of: - Result: Origin, flight number, status, operator.
- Service: Heathrow
- Origin: DUBLIN
- Flight: BA022
- Status: LANDED
- Operator: BA
- Sender:
Information router 1508 - Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
- Service: Heathrow
- Origin: DUBLIN
- Flight: BA022
- Status: LANDED
- Operator: BA
- Consumer: 1512
- Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status.
- Format: HTML
- <html>
- <title>Heathrow</title>
- <body><p>Origin: DUBLIN<br>Flight: BA022<br>Status:
LANDED</body>
</html> -
- In Fig. 14(e), an
information routing segment 1536 ofinformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a) is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention to includeprovider 1502,entry gateway 1504 including a forwardedservice request store 1804, intermediary 1506 including a forwardedservice request store 1797,exit gateway 1508 including aservice request store 1792 and a servicerequest summary store 1795,subscriber 1518, andconsumers service requests service requests service responses service request summary 1816, adocument 2004, andservice responses information routing segment 1536routes service responses similar service requests different consumers same exit gateway 1508 is described here.Subscriber 1518 submits anew service request 1814 to exitgateway 1508 on behalf ofconsumer 1514, comprising: - Consumer: 1514
- Service: 'Heathrow'
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status.
- Format: Text with commas
- Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status.
-
- Next, another BA flight lands and
provider 1502 generates service information 1773(c) and sends it toentry gateway 1504 in the form ofdocument 2004
comprising: - Time: 07:15
- Operator: BA
- Flight: BA345
- Origin: PARIS
- Status: LANDED
- Terminal: 2 As described hereinabove,
- Service: Heathrow
- Origin: PARIS
- Flight: BA345
- Status: LANDED
- Operator: BA
-
- When intermediary 1506 receives forwarded
service response 1817, it searches its forwardedservice request store 1797 for forwarded service requests and retrieves forwardedservice request 1796.Intermediary 1506 finds that the selection "Criteria" specified in forwardedservice request 1796 comprises of:
Criteria: Operator is BA.
Since this matches the operator specified as "BA" indocument 2004, intermediary 1506 examines the "Result" specification in forwardedservice request 1796 which includes:
Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
Intermediary 1506 then prepares a new forwardedservice response 1818 with contents as follows to include information contained indocument 2004 to fulfil each element requested in the "Result" specification of forwarded service request 1796: - Service: Heathrow
- Origin: PARIS
- Flight: BA345
- Status: LANDED
- Operator: BA
-
- When
exit gateway 1508 receives forwardedservice response 1818 it searches itsservice request store 1792 for service requests and retrieves twoservice requests Exit gateway 1508 handles theservice requests service request 1776,exit gateway 1508 finds that the selection "Criteria" is specified as the following:
Criteria: Operator is BA.
Since this matches the operator specified as "BA" indocument 2004,exit gateway 1508 examines the "Result" specification in forwardedservice request 1776 which includes:
Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
Exit gateway 1508 then generatesservice response 1837 forservice request 1776 with contents as follows to include information contained indocument 2004 to fulfil each element requested in the "Result" specification of service request 1776: - <html>
- <title>Heathrow</title>
- <body><p>Origin: PARIS<br>Flight: BA345<br>Status: LANDED</body>
- </html>
-
- For
service request 1814exit gateway 1508 finds that the selection "Criteria" is specified as the following:
Criteria: Operator is BA.
Since this matches the operator specified as "BA" indocument 2004,exit gateway 1508 examines the "Result" specification inservice request 1814 which includes:
Result: Origin, Flight, Status.
Exit gateway 1508 then generatesservice response 1838, in the form of a comma-separated text document, in response toservice request 1814 with contents as follows to include information contained indocument 2004 to fulfil each element requested in the "Result" specification of service request 1814:
"PARIS","BA345","LANDED".
Exit gateway 1508 then sendsservice response 1838 toconsumer 1514. - In Fig. 14(f), an
information routing segment 1538 ofinformation routing system 1500 shown in Fig. 14(a) is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention.Information routing segment 1538 is shown to includeentry gateway 1504 including a forwardedservice request store 1804, intermediary 1506 including a forwarded servicerequest summary store 1798 and a forwardedservice request store 1797,exit gateway 1510 including a servicerequest summary store 1827 and aservice request store 1824, andsubscriber 1518.Information routing segment 1538 also includes forwardedservice requests service request summary 1829, aservice request summary 1826, and aservice request 1822. An example of the process by which theinformation segment 1538 summarizesservice requests different exit gateways subscriber 1518 prepares and submits anew service request 1822 to exitgateway 1510 on behalf ofconsumer 1516 which comprises of the following: - Consumer: 1516
- Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Status is LANDED
- Result: Origin, Flight, Terminal This is the
- Sender:
Information router 1510 - Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Status is LANDED
- Result: Origin, Flight, Terminal, Status
- Sender:
Information router 1508 - Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator.
- Criteria: Operator is BA or Status is LANDED
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator, Terminal
- Sender:
Information router 1506 - Service: Heathrow
- Criteria: Operator is BA or Status is LANDED
- Result: Origin, Flight, Status, Operator, Terminal
-
- One application for the present invention includes flight information routing systems or other systems where information is requested by an individual or organization, and the requested information is provided by an individual or organization, and the information is transported efficiently through routers which selectively filter information to include information requested.
- Although the present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments it is anticipated that alterations and modifications thereof will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as covering all such alterations and modification as fall within the scope of the invention.
- The present invention can be implemented using computer programs operating on processors of the above described apparatus . An aspect of the present invention thus provides a storage medium storing processor implementable instructions for controlling a processor to carry out the method as hereinabove described.
- Further, the computer program can be obtained in electronic form for example by downloading the code over a network such as the internet. Thus in accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided an electrical signal carrying processor implementable instructions for controlling a processor to carry out the method as hereinbefore described.
Criteria: Operator is BA
Since the operator specified in
Service: Heathrow.
Intermediary 1506 searches its forwarded
Criteria: Operator is BA
Since this "Criteria" specification matches the "Operator" specified as "BA" in
Result: Origin, flight number, status, operator.
Claims (31)
- An information routing system for distributing structured information between a provider and one or more consumers, the system including an information router for coupling the provider to the one or more consumers comprising:
a subscriber, a person or an organization coupled to the information router for conveying said one or more consumer's interest in a particular service, said particular service including a particular content as defined by the subscriber;a. service request means for requesting said particular service dictated by the subscriber to the information router; andb. service response means responsive to a document received by the information router from the provider, said received document being parsed to include only the particular content, - An information routing system as recited in claim 1 wherein said information routing system further includes one or more information routers.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 2 wherein one or more of said one or more information routers is coupled to the provider defining entry gateways, one or more of said one or more information routers is coupled to the one or more consumers defining exit gateways and one or more of said one or more information routers is coupled between the entry gateway and the exit gateway defining intermediaries.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 3 wherein said information routing system is capable of being an entry gateway, an exit gateway and/or an intermediary.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 4 wherein an exit gateway maintains a storage location for storage of said service request means and a storage location for storage of service request means summaries, the one or more consumers being coupled to a particular exit gateway, said service request means summaries including the stored service request means associated with the one or more consumers coupled to the particular exit gateway.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 5 wherein the intermediary is coupled to one or more adjacently coupled intermediaries or to one or more adjacently coupled entry gateways.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 6 wherein the exit gateway develops a forwarded service request, said forwarded service request including the stored service request means, said forwarded service request being sent to the one or more adjacently coupled intermediaries or to the one or more adjacently coupled entry gateways.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 7 wherein the intermediary or the entry gateway maintains a storage location for storage of said forwarded service request and a storage location for storage of forwarded service request summaries developed in the intermediary, said forwarded service request summaries including the stored forwarded service request associated with the intermediaries.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 8 wherein the intermediary develops said forwarded service request including the stored forwarded service request summaries, said forwarded service request being transmitted to the one or more adjacently coupled intermediaries or to the one or more adjacently coupled entry gateways.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 9 wherein the entry gateway includes a storage location for storage of said forwarded service request received from the one or more adjacently coupled intermediaries, said entry gateway receiving said document from the provider.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 10 wherein each entry gateway develops a forwarded service response responsive to said document received from the provider, said received document being parsed by the entry gateway to include only the particular content.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 11 wherein the intermediary or the entry gateway is coupled to one or more exit gateways and said forwarded service response is transmitted to either the one or more exit gateways or the one or more intermediaries.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 12 wherein said forwarded service response is sent from the intermediary to either the one or more adjacently coupled exit gateways or to the one or more adjacently coupled intermediaries and said forwarded service response is determined by said intermediary by reference to the forwarded service request summary.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 13 wherein the service response means is a service response and said service response is transmitted to the one or more consumers requesting said particular service.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 14 wherein said service request means is a service request.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 15 wherein the information router is coupled to one or more providers and said information router processes information for a particular service provided by the one or more providers concurrently.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 16 further including structured information having service request templates for instructing said subscribers on requesting said particular content.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 17 wherein said structured information includes service definitions stored in said entry gateway describing contents of said particular service.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 18 wherein a publisher is a person or organization who develops said service definitions transported to said entry gateways or provides a subscriber with said service request templates.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 19 wherein said structured information includes said service definitions, said service request templates, said service request means, said forwarded service request, said service response, said forwarded service response, said document or said particular content.
- An information routing system comprising:
a. an information router coupled to one or more consumers and one or more subscribers, said information router- receiving service requests from the one or more subscribers for a particular service including a particular content as defined by the one or more subscribers, said information router further receiving a document from a provider, said received document being parsed to include only the particular content for use by the one or more consumers,
wherein requests for information by subscribers are sent to an information router which parses a document received from the provider and returns service information to the information router from which relevant portions are then sent in the form of service responses to consumers. - An information routing system as recited in claim 21 wherein said information routing system further includes one or more information routers.
- An information routing system as recited in claim 22 wherein one or more of said one or more information routers coupled to the provider comprise entry gateways, one or more of said one or more information routers coupled the one or more consumers comprise exit gateways, and one or more of said one or more information routers coupled between the entry gateway and the exit gateway comprise intermediaries.
- A method for distributing structured information between a provider and one or more consumers comprising:a. conveying said one or more consumer's interest in a particular service by one or more subscribers to said information router;b. receiving a service request having contents for requesting a particular service dictated by the one or more subscribers, said particular service including a particular content as defined by the one or more subscribers;c. receiving a document from the provider;d. generating a service response from said received document to include only the particular contents.
- A method of communicating information from an information providing terminal to one or more consumer terminals via a network comprising at least one information router, the method comprising:operating the information providing terminal to generate information transmitted as a document in which data is structured using a mark-up language;storing in the information router a template defining a subset of the document data of interest to the consumer terminal;the information router parsing the document to extract the data of interest to the consumer terminal and construct a further document for the extracted data;and the information router transmitting the further document to the consumer terminal.
- An information router for use in the method of claim 25 comprising means for receiving and parsing the document and means for transmitting the further document to the consumer terminal to which it is connected in use.
- A document in the form of an electrical signal transmitted in accordance with the method of claim 25 from the router to the consumer terminal.
- A consumer terminal for use in the method of claim 25.
- A computer program for controlling a processor of an information router to carry out the method of claim 25.
- A storage medium storing processor implementable instructions for controlling a processor of any one of a router and a consumer terminal to carry out the method of claim 25.
- An electrical signal carrying processor implementable instructions for controlling a processor of any one of a router and a consumer terminal to carry out the method of claim 25.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US20423700P | 2000-05-15 | 2000-05-15 | |
US204237P | 2000-05-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1160691A2 true EP1160691A2 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
EP1160691A3 EP1160691A3 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
Family
ID=22757153
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01304275A Withdrawn EP1160691A3 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2001-05-14 | Distribution system for structured information |
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EP (1) | EP1160691A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002032281A (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002032281A (en) | 2002-01-31 |
EP1160691A3 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
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