EP1210693A1

EP1210693A1 - Method and system for registering tickets

Info

Publication number: EP1210693A1
Application number: EP00962381A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rolf Bächtiger; Christoph Cronimund; Gérard Salzgeber; Reto Schreppers; Bruno Wenger; Willi Brändli; Aldo Rebsamen
Original assignee: Haeni Prolectron AG
Current assignee: Continental Automotive GmbH
Priority date: 1999-09-10
Filing date: 2000-08-25
Publication date: 2002-06-05
Anticipated expiration: 2020-08-25
Also published as: DK1210693T3; ES2204686T3; DE50004188D1; CA2384556A1; ATE252752T1; JP2003528364A; JP3806757B2; PT1210693E; EP1210693B1; WO2001020557A1; BR0011533A

Abstract

In an entrance zone (21), or a prompting zone (21'), a second transmitting-receiving module (12) located on the ticket (10) is activated (INF1). A communication (INF2, INF3) can thus be established between the ticket (10) and a second transmitting-receiving unit (32) which is assigned to a detection zone (22). During this communication, the presence of the ticket (10) is determined and registered in a defined time-slot pattern. This guarantees a reliable and fraud-proof detection of tickets. The method and system for registering tickets (10) is used in public transport, at exhibitions and in secured areas.

Description

Procedure and system for registering tickets

The present invention relates to a method and a system according to the preamble of patent claims 1 and 18 and 25 and 34.

Issuing tickets and collecting tickets using ticket machines or serviced points of sale is time-consuming for a transport company and sometimes very cumbersome for the passenger. If a passenger arrives at the boarding point immediately before a means of transport departs, he no longer has time to procure a ticket. He gets in and risks being found as a black driver on the occasion of a ticket inspection. This is associated with considerable expense and inconvenience.

From [3] a contactless identification system with electronic access cards is known, with which a person has access to a closed area, e.g. can be granted to a building. The system described in [4] additionally enables data to be transmitted to the electronic access card, for example in order to change the access profile or to block the access card. These systems are not very suitable for the registration of electronic tickets, since only one person can be registered with such a card at a time.

The arrangement specified in [2] allows a plurality of electronic tickets to be recorded at an access point (e.g. subway) or at a boarding point (e.g. door area of a railroad car).

The registration of electronic tickets must also meet the following conditions for such a process - also known as "walk in / walk out": a) The registration must be complete, so the tickets in a coat pocket of a father and those of the accompanying passengers should be Children are recorded b) There must be no unwanted registration, for example wise, if a person with such an electronic ticket helps another person to get in, that additional person must not be registered as a passenger. c) The registration must be as fraud-proof as possible, so that the covering of the electronic ticket should be recognized by means of a metallic foil.

Methods and systems of the type specified in [2] only insufficiently meet the requirements b) and c) mentioned above as an example, since the direction cannot be recognized when passing through a detection zone.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a system for registering electronic tickets with which the non-registration of real passengers or service recipients and the unwanted registration of people with an electronic ticket is avoided and attempts to defraud by means of a temporary shielding of the electronic ticket can be reliably recognized.

This object is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1, 15, 25 and 34. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in further claims.

The method according to the invention has the following advantages:

i) The actually used (transport) performance can be recorded and if necessary billed. The actual traffic data (frequencies, occupancy of the wagons, type of tickets) are available to a transport company practically in real time.

ii) An unwanted registration is avoided if the registration is validated during the journey or during the duration of the service to be obtained. Simply entering a vehicle or a room does not result in a valid registration (claim 5). iii) Persons with a ticket according to the invention who claim a transport or other service are always recorded. Registration cannot be prevented by getting in very quickly, staying in the entrance area or placing the ticket in an unusual place (eg in your shoes).

iv) Attempts to defraud by shielding the ticket at the beginning and while receiving benefits can be detected. An attempt to defraud at the end of a payment for benefits is ineffective because the registration is validated intermittently while driving. Resistance to fraud can be increased considerably by randomly querying the ticket (claim !?).

v) The intermittent operation of a second transmitter / receiver module on the ticket according to the invention minimizes the energy consumption and thereby achieves a high degree of autonomy (claims 6, 7 and 8).

vi) The bidirectional communication means that the registered journeys are contained both on the ticket and in a database assigned to the detection zone and a stationary computer system for evaluation and / or invoicing (claim 2).

vii) In a special embodiment of the invention, the tickets can be provided with a display module. As a result, general or targeted information can be displayed for the person concerned (claim 17).

iix) The use of an electronic ticket as a location beacon allows inexpensive transmission of location information to a passing vehicle (claim 24).

ix) With the chosen transmission method one can

Use a read / write device to securely transfer information to an electronic ticket without a complex mechanical insertion device is required (claim 33, 37).

The invention is not limited to transportation, but also for electronic admission or entry tickets, e.g. in an exhibition, applicable. It is also possible to design the invention as an identity card. The term “ticket” used in this document therefore always also includes the terms “admission ticket”, “entry ticket” or “identity card” as well as similar cards and ID cards.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing, for example. It shows:

1 shows a block diagram of an electronic ticket for the method according to the invention;

2 shows the floor plan of a vehicle with the arrangement of a first transmitting unit and a second transmitting / receiving unit and the associated zones;

3 shows the individual process steps for registering an electronic ticket;

4 Functional and logical structure of the different areas of the memory module 16;

Fig. 5 System overview and information flows when registering electronic tickets.

Fig. 6 arrangement of an electronic ticket as a beacon for transmitting the location information to a passing vehicle.

7 shows the transmission of trip segment numbers in one embodiment of the invention,

8 block diagram of a read / write device for assigning authorization to a ticket; 9 shows a block diagram of an electronic ticket for a further embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 10 shows the floor plan of a bus with the arrangement of a first transmitter unit and a receiver unit and the associated zones in a further embodiment of the

Invention;

11 shows the individual method steps for registering an electronic ticket in a further embodiment of the invention.

2 shows the floor plan of a railroad car 20, each with an entry area 25 at the end of the car and a passage area 26. The passage area 26 enables the passage to another carriage of a train composition. These two areas 25, 26 enable access to the passenger compartment 23 through a platform 24. Doors are not shown for the sake of clarity. The platform 24 and the passenger compartment 23 can be open or can be designed with a wall and an associated door. A first transmission unit 31 is assigned to each of the two platforms 24, which transmits the relevant entry zone 21 with an electromagnetic field in one

Alarm zone 21 'covers. The entry zone 21 does not necessarily have to be congruent with the platform 24 in other applications than in the present example with a railroad car. A second transmitter / receiver unit 32 is assigned to the passenger compartment 23, which also covers a detection zone 22 with an electromagnetic field. The zones shown correspond approximately to the coverage with regard to a minimum field strength of the relevant transmission units 31 and 32. The wake-up zone 21 'is preferably assigned to the entry zone 21, but it is also possible to use the

To place alarm zones 21 'in a different location, for example that several alarm zones 21' cover one detection zone 22 or that one or more alarm zones have only a slight overlap with the detection zone 22. Fig _. 1 shows the block diagram of an electronic ticket 10. Such tickets 10 preferably have a credit card format. These tickets 10 can be used both as a credit card and as a debit card. With regard to the technology, such portable cards are known to the person skilled in the art, for example under the term "smart card", for example in [2] or [5]. In the block diagram, a processor module 16 is provided as the central control unit, connected to an associated memory module 17 and to a reception module 11, a second 12, a third 13 and a fourth transmission / reception module 14. Depending on the selected frequencies, only one or more antennas can be provided, in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 two antennas 15.1 and 15.2 are provided. The energy supply takes place by means of a battery 19 and an energy supply module 18; the connections are not shown for the sake of clarity. The function, the air gaps to be bridged and the sensitivity of the various transmitter / receiver modules are explained in Table 1 below, the details of the sensitivity being understood relative to one another.

Table 1

The method according to the invention will now be explained with reference to FIG. 3, which shows the information flow over the air distance between a first transmission unit 31, a second transmission / reception unit 32 and an electronic ticket 10. For the movement of a person P who carries such a ticket 10 (e.g. in the wallet) and for the spatial arrangement in a railroad car 20, Figure 2 is to be consulted. The type of storage of the various information units and fields is shown in FIG. 4.

Process step AI

The ticket 10 is in an energy-saving "sleeping state", ie only the first receiving module 11 is ready to receive. If a person P approaches the boarding area 25 of a railroad car 20 in a station, this person P enters the ticket 10 with the ticket 10 so-called entry zone 21. From When the doors are open, the first transmission unit 31 sends out an information unit periodically, for example in a cycle of 0.5 s. This information unit called INFl has a structure according to Table 2: Information unit INFl

Table 2

In the ticket 10, this information is stored in an area 43 of the memory module 17: INFl _n . A repeated reception of this information unit then causes a further, separate storage INF _nιl if the field COURSEI has changed, this occurs when the person P has got into the car 20 of a train X and got out again and then into the car of one Turn Y gets on. This process also occurs when a person P with the ticket 10 according to the invention marches past an entry zone 21 of a carriage 20 of another train. If the information in the COURSEI field has been retained, only the CYCLEl and COMMANDl fields are preferably updated. This process is not limited to a ticket 10, but occurs simultaneously with all tickets 10 located in the entry zone 21.

Process step Bl

With the receipt of information units INF1 with the fields COMMAND1 and CYCLEl, a timer of the processor module 16 is initialized. This timing element causes the second transmission / reception module 12 to be switched on intermittently according to a cycle time t _CYCL1 contained in the field _CYCLE1 . The reference to time is also defined in this field CYCLEl. In FIG. 3, the respective switching state is denoted by St., the individual connections Driving steps AI, Cl, C2, etc. are entered equidistantly in FIG. 3; the specified time periods t _-VCL1 , t _CTCL2 , etc. can, however, be different: If a person P has reached the area of different entry zones 21 in a train station, the cycle times received in each case according to the field CYCLE1 can also be different. The processor module 16 accordingly switches the transceiver module on and off in accordance with the various cycle times (intermittent reception readiness).

Method step C1 As long as the train has not yet departed, the ticket 10 receives an information unit INF2 from the second transmitting / receiving unit 32 at a distance defined according to the information field CYCL1, for example t _CYCL1 = 10 s. The structure of the information unit INF2 is similar to that of INFl according to Table 2. Additional fields ADDRESS2 and APPLICATION2 are provided in order to identify the relevant transceiver unit 32 or to specify the use of the registration according to the invention in more detail. This information unit called INF2 has a structure according to Table 3:

Information unit INF2

Table 3

Method step C2

If the doors of the train are closed, for example immediately before departure, the first transmission unit 31 is switched off, a door contact can be used for this. Through the process step C1 further information units INF2 are transmitted to ticket 10, for example the cycle t _CYCL2 , for example ^ = 120 s, can be redefined. After departure, the registration begins in such a way that the COMMAND2 field instructs you to mark the boarding location saved at the beginning or the most recently received current location, according to the POSITION2 field. In a simplified embodiment of the invention, this marking can be dispensed with and the marking can be carried out by the subsequent method step C3 by transmitting the current location. However, the marking is only made for that INFl _x memory entry if the identical information, ie course number, is contained in the COURSE2 field. The remaining units INFl., INFl ,, .., stored in area 43 are moved to area 44 after a defined time, entries INF1. _L , INF1. _L , etc., L stands for "lost" or "lost". The information unit INF2 is received by all activated tickets 10 located in the detection zone 22. In the course of time or journey, the respective location is specified in the POΞITION2 field. It is possible that, together with the information in the fields COMMAND2 and CYCLE2, the cycle time for further communication is changed again, eg _{t_CL2} = 480 s. This change allows adaptation to the means of transport in question, for example a much longer cycle time can be used in an intercity train than in a tram. It is possible that process step C2 runs several times with possibly different contents in the fields CYCLE2, COMMAND2 and POSITION2. At least those information units with the same information according to the field COURSE2 are stored in a short-term registration memory 41 of the memory module 17.

Method step C3

In the COMMAND2 field, a request has been made in accordance with method step C2 that the ticket 10 should transmit an information unit INF3 to the transceiver unit 32 located in the carriage 20, the time of the transmission being determined by a time t ^ which is either corresponds to an indication of the transceiver unit 32 or from the cessor module 16 is selected at random by means of a random generator. The entries COMMMAND2 and CYCLE2 largely avoid collisions, but they are not excluded. Before the transceiver module 12 sends out an information unit INF3, a detection is carried out as to whether the time slot in question is not already occupied by another ticket 10 or by a transceiver unit 12 of another train nearby (parallel travel, crossing of two trains) is. Any collision problems that occur can be solved by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example using the CSMA / CD method.

The information unit INF3 has a structure according to the information in Table 4:

Information unit INF3

Table 4

Only those units INF3 are processed in the transceiver unit 32 that match at least the information in the field COURSE3. Depending on the information in the ADDRESS3 field, the units received can either be stored in a database assigned to the wagon and / or train of a computer system called here on-board computer 35. These units will be hereinafter referred to as ticket records. This filing shows the presence of a ticket 10 with details of the respective location and the respective date and time. The location is known in a control system of the train in question, for example by GPS receiver or by a particularly advantageous use of the ticket according to the invention as a beacon. This embodiment is described further below. The field ADDREΞS3 contains the identity of the transceiver unit 32 last received by means of INF2. With this information ADDRESS3 and the information COURSE3 it can be determined whether a passenger with a ticket 10 is inside the train has moved from one carriage 20 to another carriage 20 '. This is necessary because the cycles can vary from car to car on the same train. This information is also required in order to identify possible fault recordings if the detection zone 22 of different vehicles overlaps, for example two trains or two buses traveling in parallel. The STATE3 field contains status and / or so-called history information. Any attempts at fraud can thus be detected, for example by a passenger enclosing ticket 10 in a metal can during a journey and later removing it again. But it doesn't just have to be an attempt to defraud. This also occurs when a ticket 10 is placed in a piece of luggage, the piece of luggage being placed in a place where due to reflections (Raleigh

Fading) or due to unintentional shielding by metallic objects. Immediately after an information unit INF3 has been sent, the relevant transceiver unit 32 acknowledges with an information unit INF2. The information required for the acknowledgment is contained in the fields COMMAND2, ADDRESS2 and APPLICATION2, in particular also the identity of the ticket 10 according to the field TICKET_NR3 in the information unit INF3.

Process step Dl

In this method step - as explained under step C1 - it is assumed that the ticket 10 is sent by the send / receive capture unit 32 can no longer be reached. The ticket 10 will now receive no information units INF2 and no information units INF3 can be transmitted to the second transmitting / receiving unit 32. This is determined both by the processor module 16 and by the on-board computer 35 assigned to the car or train. The ticket records stored in the database of the on-board computer 35 are thus provided with a flag and can be transmitted to a remote computer system 36 outside the train. The stored position data are preferably likewise provided with a flag on the ticket 10 itself and stored in the short-term registration memory 41. This case also occurs when a person with the ticket 10 according to the invention leaves the car at the exit location.

Process step El

The following two cases form the basis of this method step E 1:

• If a person P with the ticket 10 according to the invention leaves the car through the entry area 21, the information unit INF1 transmitted via the reception module 11 is recognized by the processor module 16 as belonging to the journey concerned, but is not analyzed further.

It is assumed that the duration of the communication interruption was so long that the ticket 10 fell back into the "sleep state". If a person P with a "fallen asleep" ticket 10 leaves the railroad car 20, the ticket 10 receives a further information unit INFl , According to the information in memory areas 43 or 44, i.e. on the basis of a comparison with respect to the fields POSITION1, COURSEI, DATETIME1, the processor module 16 can determine that the current registration has failed. In this case, the processor module 16 initiates the immediate transmission of an information unit INF3.

Process step E2 This process step is carried out depending on the following three preconditions: • In accordance with method step E1, the ticket 10 has been “woken up”. In this case, the processor module 16 initiates the immediate transmission of an information unit INF3 with the fields POSITION3 and ACTPOSITION3 to the transceiver unit 32. Registration is also in one of these The information transmission in this case can also be found in FIG. 7 for the ticket with the number 102.

By receiving an information unit INF1, the ticket 10 is “woken up” in accordance with the method steps AI and B1, ie the transmitting / receiving module is switched to intermittent readiness for reception for a fixed time. During this time, the ticket 10 now receives no information units INF2 from the a transmission / reception unit 32 corresponding to an entry zone 21 (same wagon or same train), the processor module 16 initiates a transmission of an information unit INF3 before “falling asleep again”. If after several attempts there is no acknowledgment with an information unit INF2, the corresponding entry of INFl is shifted into the area 44 of the memory module 17. If no further current entries INF1 are contained in the area 43, the ticket 10 is put into the sleep state by the processor module 16.

In a special further development of the invention it is provided that a ticket 10 is in a random time interval, e.g. transmits an information unit INF3 of its own within a range of 10 minutes to 4 hours in order to receive a response from any transmitting / receiving unit 32 and thereby enable registration.

FIG. 5 shows a system and the flow of information and data when registering tickets 10. The transmitting unit 31 and transmitting / receiving unit 32 arranged in a carriage are connected to an on-board computer 35. Such an on-board computer can be provided per car 20 or per train. The connections 37 and 38 can be implemented both by wire, for example a so-called train bus, or via a radio link. For the realization with a radio link is preferred the same frequency and the same transmission method as used for the connection between the transmitter / receiver unit 32 and the transmitter / receiver module 12. The on-board computer 35 contains a database (not shown) in which the registrations that have been made are stored as so-called ticket records. Depending on the application, these ticket records are transmitted to a stationary computer system via a connection 39 immediately after registration or after a journey has been concluded. The GSM technology is preferably used for this connection. If the method according to the invention is used in an exclusively stationary environment, for example in an exhibition or in a museum, this route is advantageously carried out using the known methods and techniques, for example as a LAN based.

The transport service to be invoiced is determined in a so-called post-processing on the basis of the total of the registered ticket records by a remote computer system 36.

The reception of the information unit INF1 in the entry zone 21 must be designed to be particularly secure in order to achieve the best possible penetration (clothes, bags) and to provide the reception module 31 with a relatively low sensitivity and thus to ensure low energy consumption preferably such a frequency range is provided in which the entry zone is in the near field of the electromagnetic field emitted by the transmission unit 31, ie the so-called H-field part dominates. The near field is usually defined with r <0.6 λ), where λ stands for the wavelength. A frequency of 30 MHz results for an expansion of (2 6) the entry zone 21. In practice, frequencies of 27 MHz and 13.5 MHz have proven to be particularly advantageous.

The method according to the invention with the intermittent operation of the transceiver module 12 enables a high degree of autonomy. The following rough calculation: The ticket 10 or the transmit / receive _module 12 is _activated in the cycle t _cvc i = 60 s for t ₁₂ = 10 ms: 10 ms: 60 s result in a so-called duty cycle of 7 _60CO . Taking into account a settling process and a corresponding load peak, the following data are taken as a basis: Power consumption: 5 mA voltage: 3 V

Average power consumption: = 0.833 uA;

6000

The required battery capacity is rounded up: l μA 26280 h = 26 mAh. Batteries for smart cards with a capacity of 50 mAh and larger are available on the market.

In a vehicle, it is particularly important for the acquisition of the tickets 10 to be able to address them by radio regardless of their position. The tickets 10 can also be contained in pockets and these pockets are either placed under a bench seat or on a frame near the ceiling. The field emitted by the transceiver unit 32 should have a sufficient field strength and good propagation properties wherever possible in the car. For this purpose, a frequency is preferably provided which is somewhat below the GSM900 frequency range, the frequency 868 MHz is particularly advantageous; Depending on legal regulations, the frequency 433 MHz can also be used. It can be provided on the ticket 10 that the intermittent active switching of the second transmitter / receiver module 12 is monitored by means of a timer. If it is permanently active, the second transmission

/ Receiver module 12 switched off after a specified time. This switch-off takes place in order not to disturb the communication with the other tickets.

The various areas of the memory module 17 are shown in FIG. 4, the other areas required for the method according to the invention have the following four main functions: The so-called short-term registrations are contained in the memory area 41, while the long-term registrations are stored in the memory area 42. This distinction is necessary in at least two respects: transport companies must also carry out a random check for the method according to the invention by means of personnel. For this purpose, the data on the electronic ticket 10 must be able to be viewed by the control personnel by means of control devices 50.

• The entry zones 21 and detection zones 22 of different course vehicles can overlap, for example immediately after the departure of buses from a bus station, such a case can occur on a multi-lane road: a) An error detection when the entry zone overlaps is made possible by the following embodiment of the Invention detected: Several areas are provided in the memory module 17, in which the information contained in the information unit INF1 is stored. After arrival, the bidirectional communication is started using the process steps C1, C2, .. With this information contained in IN2, the original first entry can be identified according to the received information unit INF1 by evaluating the contents of the fields of COURSE, DATETIME, POSITION. b) On the one hand, an error detection when the detection zones overlap is fundamentally unlikely due to the agreed communication cycles, but not impossible. If an information unit INF2 is actually used by e.g. Receive parallel detection zone - several such transmissions are quite conceivable - can be detected immediately by the processor module 16 based on the information in the fields COURSE and / or ADDRESS that this entry is to be rejected.

In a further development of the method according to the invention, a third transmission / reception module 33 is provided on the ticket 10. Certain services should only be accessible to those who are actually authorized. This is usually achieved by means of special turnstiles or locks, which only then allow access to a person who is given access by inserting a ticket into a reader / writer and subsequent validation or billing. Inserting the ticket is easy for the user and significantly reduces the access quota. For this purpose, a third transmitting / receiving unit 33 is provided in a pass zone on the left and right, which, depending on the type of registration and / or billing selected, unidirectional or bidirectional communication with the ticket 10. The structure of the exchanged messages has the same or a similar structure as given in Tables 1 to 3 above. The data storage for this is provided in area 47. Since one ticket 10 is to be used for several such access zones (e.g. ski lift in the resort X and ski lift in the resort Y) and the relevant credits on the ticket 10 must not be offset against each other, the area is accordingly in partitions D. ... D. , divided. A fourth transmitting / receiving unit 34 is provided for initialization or for checking the ticket 10. The initialization can be carried out by transferring a credit using an output device. Such an output device can be used both by the public and by a point of sale. The electronic tickets 10 can be checked with the aforementioned portable control device 50; the embedding of such a control device 50 in the system according to the invention can be seen in FIG. A keyboard 52 and a display element 51 are provided for the interaction. The control device 50 also contains a first reception module and a second transmission / reception module, which can receive information units INF1 and INF2 from the first transmission unit 31 and the second transmission / reception unit 32 arranged in the carriage 30. In this way, the current position of a car is stored in the control device 50. This ensures a current check of the tickets 10 carried by travelers. The control device also allows a traveler to demonstrate the functionality of the system according to the invention, for example that of the first transmission unit 31. With this control device, the registrations contained in the first (41) and in the second trip registration memory 42 can be displayed in plain text. This allows to determine when and where the registration of a picture lettes was started or completed. Attempts to defraud while driving can be proven. The data identifying a person are stored in the area 49 of the memory module 17. It is also possible that the digital image of the person concerned is also stored in area 49. This is necessary, for example, when checking tickets. The data-related access to the different memory areas is determined on the one hand by the way of transmission, ie via which receiving module 11, 12, 13 or 14 information is transmitted and on the other hand by the structure of the information units transmitted. The route of transmission is preferably detected via a (minimum) level that must be present at the input of the processor module 16. In addition, there must be a match regarding the structure of the information unit and authentication must be carried out. An additional attenuator can be provided at the output of the receiving module 11. The memory area 45 serves as program memory, while temporarily required data are stored in the area 46, for example intermediate results due to encryption / decryption to be carried out for the transmission with the transmission / reception modules 11 to 14.

With the previously mentioned output device, the audience can provide a ticket 10 with further properties (ATTRIBUTES), e.g. the ticket can be switched as activated or deactivated. This is necessary if a person is transporting several tickets and it is not allowed to register for a fee. The activation / deactivation of the ticket 10 can also be done logically in a further embodiment of the invention. A deactivated ticket 10 is also registered, but it is additionally indicated in an information field that the presence of this ticket does not lead to a fee-based registration. Likewise, with the output device, for example, a certain number of people

Ticket are transmitted so that with a single ticket 10 several people P can take a trip. A display module can additionally be provided on the ticket 10, on the one hand in order to be able to view certain data and states of the ticket 10 as the person using P himself. With additional fields in the information units INF2 and INF3, it is also possible to display certain information.

In another embodiment of the invention, the first transmission unit 31 is not switched off after the train has departed. This is preferably done when the individual detection zones of a train each have their own identification and, in particular, no uniform train number can be assigned to these detection zones in accordance with the field COURSE.

The arrangement of the transmitting unit 31 and the transmitting / receiving unit 32 is not limited to that according to FIG. 2, but can be adapted to the respective application. In particular, provision is also made for the two units to be arranged in a housing and, by means of a corresponding control, to provide which of the two units 31 and 32 is continuously or intermittently active.

As an alternative to the information in method step D1, the database can itself be arranged in the second transmitting / receiving unit 32. This permits secure registration of the tickets present in a detection zone 22 in the event that the connection to the on-board computer is interrupted. It is also possible that in a compact design of the second transmitting / receiving unit 32, the registered data is transmitted from there via a connection 39 to the remote computer system 36. The database can be coupled to the second transceiver unit on a wireless or wired basis; the arrangement of the database is not limited to the on-board computer 35 or the remote computer system 36.

The transmission of the current location information to a vehicle 20, such as a subway train, cannot be implemented in tunnel sections by means of a GPS receiver. In a special embodiment of the invention, an electronic African ticket 10 used. 6 shows a view of a vehicle 20 that passes a beacon 64. The beacon 64 is formed by a mast 61 and a receiving box 62 fastened to the mast 61 approximately at vehicle roof height. An embodiment of an electronic ticket 10 and an energy supply unit (not shown) are accommodated in the receiving box 62. By means of an initialization stored in the program memory 45, the ticket 10 sends an information unit INF3 with, for example, a 3% duty cycle. A receiving unit 63 is arranged on the roof of the vehicle 20 and is connected either to an on-board computer 35 or to at least one second transmitting / receiving unit 32. The information units INF3 transmitted to the receiving unit 63 are identified in the fields STATE3 and / or ATTRIBUTES3 in such a way that the POSITION3 specification is provided by the on-board computer 35 or by the second transmission

/ Receiving unit 32 is evaluated as a location and is used for communication with the tickets 10 located in the detection zone 22.

A bus system for connecting the wagons to one another cannot always be assumed in railroad trains. As a result, a uniform course number cannot be used or required in all cases. In local transport there is also the problem that a bus usually drives a route several times. Without an additional measure, this would mean that a passenger who, for example, gets off three stops before the end station and gets back on the same bus in the opposite direction after a relatively short time at this stop, would be treated in the same way as a passenger with tickets for which the acquisition could not be carried out correctly, see process steps E1 and E2. This would result in the settlement of the route sections station X - end station - station X. In order to rule out this case of unjustified offsetting, a further embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to FIG. 7: In Fig. 7, I, II and III denote three stops and n, (n + 1) and (n + 2) the associated travel sections. With a the arrival (a: arrivee) of a bus 20 and with d the departure (d: depart) are designated. It is assumed that the transceiver units 31 and 32 of the bus 20 are provided as the vehicle number 936. Three tickets with the numbers 101, 102 and 103 were also accepted. In order to avoid the above-mentioned problems of unjustified detection via an end station, the journey sections with a randomly selected starting number are continuously numbered on the vehicle side. This type of numbering is also known under the term “virtual numbering”. According to FIG. 7, these are the virtual numbers n, (n + 1) and (n + 2). When the vehicle 20 reaches an end station, the number on the Vehicle 20 stored trip section number changed by a larger value, for example by the value 1089 or -1089. The trip section counter is designed as a modulo k counter, k has, for example, a value 2 ^Iδ = 65536. This virtual numbering can also be done with a counting step greater than One and by incrementing or decrementing it by a fixed value • Ticket 101

With this ticket, a normal journey from I to II is undertaken. When boarding, it receives the vehicle number 936, the position information I and the travel segment n via the information unit INFl. The value decremented by 1 (n-1) is entered on the ticket 10. After departure d, bidirectional communication takes place with the information units INFL and INF2. As a result, section n is now entered on ticket 101. When getting out at location II, the current position II is added to the ticket with the information unit INFl. The last saved trip segment number is also compared to that of the exit point 8 on the ticket 101, this is smaller by 1, ie the ticket was correctly recorded. The journey segment number n is entered on ticket 101. • Ticket 102

With this ticket 102, it is assumed that bidirectional communication is not carried out for malicious or other reasons. When getting out at location III, the ticket 102 is "woken up" and receives the information unit INFl. The comparison of the stored trip section number (n-1) with the current number (n + 2) and the determination of the equality of the vehicle number 936 shows that this Ticket 102 has participated in the journey but has not been recorded. Thereupon, the ticket uses the INF3 unit to report its identity and the stored boarding location I to the second transmitting / receiving unit 32 of the vehicle 20. The route section number (n + 1 An upper barrier is provided in this comparison of the travel segments. If this barrier is exceeded in the comparison, this means that a passenger with the ticket got on the same bus again and did not make a "covert" journey.

• Ticket 103

This ticket starts a normal journey from I to III and further. The last location is saved on the ticket as well as on the vehicle side via the bidirectional communication using the information units INF2 and INF3.

The section numbering method disclosed above is not limited to trip sections as such, e.g. In a stationary environment, this method can also be applied to time segments, for example with a resolution of 15 minutes, in order to determine the permanent or intermittent presence of a ticket 10 in a detection zone 22.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a read / write device 80 which allows certain information to be transferred to a ticket 10 and to read information stored on the ticket 10. The read / write device 80 contains a processor module 86 and a memory module 87, which is divided into a read-only memory and a volatile memory. The Communication to a ticket 10 by means of the transmission of a first information unit INF1 takes place via a modulator 81 and a downstream transmission amplifier 83, to which a loop antenna 85.1 is connected, and a resonance capacitor is also connected in parallel. Data stored in ticket 10 are received by a rod antenna 85.2 and fed to processor system 86 via a reception amplifier 84 and a demodulator 82. The read / write device 80 can have an encryption module 88. The read / write device 80 is preferably connected via a standardized interface 89, for example USB, to a customary personal computer, which in turn is connected to a network. Standardized interfaces such as USB are preferably used, which also allow the write / read device to be supplied with energy. With the read / write device 80, it is possible in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention to assign an individual authorization or information identifying a person to a ticket 10: an authorization is obtained from a transport company by means of a data connection to the network, for example by electronic payment, and forwarded to an electronic ticket 10 for transmission. This authorization is called validation. Since this authorization may only be transferred to the ticket 10 with explicit authorization, an encryption module 88 is provided in the read / write device, which encrypts the information to be transferred and, if necessary, provides it with an electronic signature in order to authenticate such a ticket 10 Ensure place. With these security measures it is possible that even a private user at home can issue an authorization for an electronic ticket 10. This embodiment is preferably applied to so-called debit card tickets 10. A ticket 10 can also be provided with the identity of the rightful holder using the same method.

Except for the USB interface 89, the structure of a control device 50 corresponds to the structure of the writing / Reading device 80. Both devices allow a particularly simple implementation of the coupling with a ticket 10 in mechanical terms: thanks to the inductive transmission to the ticket 10 and the electromagnetic transmission from the ticket 10, a galvanic coupling is unnecessary. For example, the ticket 10 only needs to be placed or inserted into a small recess in the housing or a simple slot in the read / write device 80 or the control device 50. The information unit INFl to be transmitted can contain the corresponding command in the field "COMMANDl" in the application "to be transmitted authorization". Based on this command, the further fields transmitted with the unit INFl are interpreted accordingly by the processor module 16 of the ticket 10. Depending on the amount of information to be transmitted, these authorizations can also be transmitted iteratively. The battery 19 can be charged via the energy supply module 18 with a rectifier module 97 contained on the ticket 10 in a special embodiment: the voltage generated by the inductive coupling is transformed into a direct voltage in the rectifier module 97 and supplied to the energy supply module 18. With the read / write device 80, an electronic ticket 10 - also called an e-ticket - can be handled like a classic cardboard ticket. This read / write device 80 can also be used by a ticket office.

A further embodiment of the present invention is explained with the block diagram of a ticket 10 according to FIG. 9, an arrangement in a bus 100 according to FIG. 10 and the individual method steps for registration according to FIG. 11:

9, the ticket 10 has a loop antenna 95.1, preferably with a resonance capacitor connected in parallel, which are connected to the processor module 16 via amplifiers 93.1 to 93.5 via two setpoint detectors / demodulators 94.1 and 94.2. The number of amplifiers depends on the circuit requirements and is suitable for the lying invention is immaterial. The two setpoint detectors make it possible to determine the source from which an information unit INF1 was transmitted to ticket 10; In addition, the processor module 16 can, after analysis has been carried out, for example of the content COMMAND1, to determine the meaning of the first received

Unit of information can be determined. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, this ticket 10 has a modulator and only one transmitter module 96. Depending on the application, an encryption module 98 is also provided on the ticket 10. In the bus 100, 3 first transmission units 31 are provided, each with an associated wake-up zone 21 ′ and a reception unit 32 ′ with an associated detection zone 22.

The registration of tickets 10 in the bus 100 is carried out by the method steps shown in FIG. 11: A first transmission unit 31 sends a first information unit INF1 to the tickets 10 located in the associated alarm zone 21 'at a fixed or adjustable time interval t _REP . The tickets 10 temporarily leave the sleep mode and send an information unit INF3 to the receiving unit 32 'after a random time t _RAND ,, t _RAKD ,... With the randomly determined time, collisions can largely be avoided but not excluded. However, reliable detection is ensured in that the first transmission unit 31 has a periodicity t._. always wakes up the tickets. Within the bus 100, the wake-up cycles can be staggered by the various first transmission units 31. In the first information unit INF1 from the fields COMMAND1 and TYPE1, the processor module 16 can cause a ticket 10 to fall back into sleep mode immediately after an information unit INF3 has been sent. This embodiment of the method according to the invention ensures that tickets 10 with a block diagram according to FIG. 1 and according to the method steps indicated by FIG. 3 are also reliable in this environment with only a second receiving unit 32 ′, ie without a second transmitting / receiving unit 32 be registered. The data storage of the ticket records can in the same way as with the measures disclosed in accordance with FIG. 1 and FIG. 3. The transmission units 31 are preferably activated after the door has been closed and the bus has departed. This avoids registrations that could only be caused by entering and exiting a bus, for example by helping people get on.

The ticket 10 according to the invention can also be registered by detection devices at the entrance to a vehicle. These recording devices are of the type of the read / write device 80 described above. This enables the ticket 10 according to the invention and the registration method to be used in a variety of ways.

The method according to the invention can also be used for the purchase and billing of comparable services, e.g. as a ticket to a cinema or an exhibition. Often there are various additional chargeable sections in an exhibition. The method according to the invention allows a visitor to visit certain such sections only once without additional payment.

The invention can also be used for the surveillance and security of people in certain zones. This may be necessary in systems where an accident can potentially be expected and where the last registered location of a person or the electronic ID card assigned to them can be determined with the aid of the invention, so that rescue workers can search in a targeted manner. The invention can also be used in order to be able to record a movement profile of a person in a highly sensitive area with different zones, for example also for monitoring a person in so-called semi-captivity.

The method according to the invention can also be used to monitor objects on a conveying path; Ticket preferably attached to the object in question in a secured manner.

The invention can also be used for the generation and evaluation of statistical data, e.g. the occupancy of a train without this procedure also resulting in a chargeable settlement. In particular, the invention allows statistical evaluations to be carried out practically in real time.

Bibliography

[2] US 5,541,583

[3] US 5,418,525

[4] US 5,844,244

[5] US 5,878,124

List of abbreviations

CSMA / CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision Detection GPS Global Positioning System

GSM Global System for Mobile Communication LAN Local Area Network USB Universal Serial Bus

List of reference numbers

10 electronic tickets

11 First receiving module

12 Second transmission / reception module 13 Third transmission / reception module

14 Fourth transmit / receive module

15 antennas

16 processor module

17 memory module 18 power supply module

19 battery

20 railroad cars

21 Entry zone 21 'Alarm zone 22 Detection zone

23 passenger compartment

24 platform

25 boarding area

26 Passage area 31 First transmission unit

32 Second transmitting / receiving unit 32 'second receiving unit

33 Third transmitter / receiver unit

34 fourth transmitter / receiver unit 35 on-board computer

36 Remote computer system for evaluation / invoicing

37 Connection of the first transmission unit 31 to the on-board computer 35

38 Connection of second transceiver unit 32 to on-board computer 35 39 Connection of on-board computer 35 to a remote computer system

41 First trip registration memory for fifteen short-term registrations

42 Second trip registration memory for fifty long-term registrations 43 Storage area for current first information units

44 Storage area for lost first information units

45 program memory 46 Temporary storage

47 debit memory for N applications

48 Storage area for the identity of the ticket 10

49 Storage area for the identity of the ticket holder 50 Control device

51 display element

52 keyboard

61 mast

62 Receipt box for ticket 10 63 receiver unit

64 beacons

80 Read / write device for validating or personalizing an electronic ticket

81 modulator 82 demodulator

83 transmit amplifiers

84 reception amplifiers

85.1 Loop antenna

85.2 Rod antenna 86 processor system

87 memory module

88 encryption module

89 USB interface to personal computer 91 receiver module 92 transmitter module

93.1 1. Receive amplifier

93.2 2nd receiving amplifier

93.3 3. Receive amplifier

94.1 Setpoint detector / demodulator 94.2 Setpoint detector / demodulator

95.1 loop antenna

95.2 rod antenna

96 modulator / transmitter module

97 Rectifier module 98 encryption module

100 buses

Claims

1. A method for registering tickets (10) for determining a service to be obtained and / or a defined presence, which tickets (10) have a processor module (16), a memory module (17) and at least one first receiving module (11 ) are provided and wherein at least one transmitting / receiving unit (31, 32) for communication with tickets (10) is provided in a wake-up zone (21, 21 '), characterized in that the one basis for determining the purchased power and / or the registration forming the defined presence in the detection zone (22) contains the following process steps:

A Tickets (10) located in the wake-up zone (21, 21 ') receive a first information unit (INF1) via the first reception module (11) from a first transmitter unit (31) assigned to the wake-up zone (21, 21'),

B with information contained in the first information unit (INF1), a second transmission / reception module (12) contained on the ticket is activated by the processor module (16), and

C at a point in time determined by the start of the service to be obtained and / or the defined presence, between a second transmission / reception unit (32) assigned to a detection zone (22) and the second transmission / reception module (12) in the detection zone (22 ) existing tickets (10) a bidirectional communication is established by means of a second and a third information unit (INF2, INF3) and the respective presence of the tickets (10) is registered at least once.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the registration specified in method step C by means of the second and third information unit (INF2, INF3) contains at least information about location, date / time, this information being stored in - An area of a memory module (17, 41, 42) on the ticket (10) and / or

- In a database that is assigned to an on-board computer (35) and / or to - a remote computer system (36) and / or to the second transmitter / receiver unit (32).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the further registration specified in step C takes place only for all those tickets (10) located in the detection zone (22) that have the same information associated with one or more detection zones (22) Place and date / time (POSITION, COURSE, ADDREΞΞ, DATETIME) received.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the information about the location with location information fields (STATE3, ATTRIBUTES3, POSITION3) is carried out by a fixedly attached ticket (64, 62, 10) by means of the third information unit (INF3) a receiving unit (63) attached to a vehicle is transmitted to the second transmitting / receiving unit (32).

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, based on the information about the location, a virtual trip section number (n, n + 1) in the second information unit (INF2) for the tickets (10) located in the detection zone (22) ) is transmitted and changed by one counting step per trip section; the trip section number (n, n + 1) stored on the ticket (10) is compared with the current trip section number (n + 1, n + 2) in order to determine whether the ticket (10) was correctly recorded in the previous trip sections.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second transmitting / receiving module (12) located on the ticket (10) is switched intermittently active.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the point in time when the second transmitting / receiving module (12) is activated by information in the first information unit (INF1) and / or by information in the second information unit (INF2) becomes.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the time of activating the second transmitter / receiver module (12) is determined by means of a random generator.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the second information unit (INF2)

Ticket (10) and / or the person information fields (TICKET_NR3, TICKET_0WNER3) identifying the person assigned to the ticket (10) are contained and in method step C the receipt of the third information unit (INF3) by sending a further second information unit (INF2) to the relevant ticket (10) is acknowledged.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the frequency of the first transmission unit (31) is selected so that the field of the wake-up zone (21, 21 ') is designed as a near field.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the frequency of the second transmission

/ Receiver unit (32) is selected so that the field in the detection zone (22) is designed as a far field.

12. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the intermittent active switching of the second transmission / reception module (12) is monitored by means of a timing element and with a continuous active switching the second transmission / reception module (12) after a predetermined time is turned off.

13. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that tickets (10) each have a bidirectional communication (INF2, INF3) with one within a detection range (22) within a randomly determined time interval according to method step C. Record the transmitter / receiver unit (32) and the first registration is carried out depending on the state of the ticket (10) and / or on the history of the communication (INFl).

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the tickets (10) have a third transmission / reception module (13), via which a unidirectional or bidirectional communication with a stationary, third pass assigned to a passage / Receiver unit (23) is set up, depending on data stored in a memory area (48, 49) of the memory module (17) or in a database of a computer system assigned to the third transmitter / receiver unit (33) allowing access to a zone and thus the Presence is registered.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the tickets (10) have a fourth transmission / reception module (14), via which bidirectional communication with a fourth transmission / reception unit (24) provided in an output device. is established and a person identifying and / or belonging person information fields can be stored in an area of the memory module (17; 47, 49).

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that registrations of the tickets (10) are marked with attributes (ATTRIBUT) in such a way that this registration only includes the presence or, in addition, a fee-based purchase of a service dependent on the attributes.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the attributes by an output device via a communica- tion with the fourth transmission / reception module (14) and are displayed on an output module of the ticket (10) or that, based on the attributes, certain information is displayed on the output module of the ticket (10).

18. System for registering tickets (10) for determining a service to be obtained and / or a defined presence, which tickets (10) have a processor module (16), a memory module (17) and at least a first receiving module (11) and wherein in a wake-up zone (21, 21 ') at least one transmitter / receiver unit (31, 32) is provided for communication with tickets (10), characterized in that the wake-up zone (21, 21') has a first transmitter unit (31) is assigned for communication (INF1) via a first reception module (11) arranged on the tickets (10) and that a detection zone (22) is assigned a second transmission / reception unit (32) via which bidirectional communication (INF2, INF3) can be set up with tickets (10) located in the detection zone (22), the communication being able to be carried out via a second transmitting / receiving module (12) arranged on the tickets (10) such that the presence of the tickets (10) in one Storage module (16) of the tickets (10) and / or in a database coupled to the second transmitting / receiving unit (32) can be registered as ticket records.

19. System according to claim 18, characterized in that the database is contained in

- An on-board computer (35) and / or in

- A remote computer system (36) and / or in

- The second transmitter / receiver unit.

20. System according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the first transmitting unit (31) and the second transmitting / receiving unit (32) can be connected to the on-board computer (35) via a radio link which have the same frequency and the same Has transmission method, as for the communication between the tickets (10) and the second transmitter / receiver unit (32).

21. System according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that a third transmission / reception module (13) is provided on the ticket (10), via which communication with a third transmission / reception unit (33) can be established.

22. System according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that a fourth transmitting / receiving module (14) is provided on the ticket (10), via which a fourth transmitting / receiving unit (34) located in an output device Communication can be established.

23. The system according to claim 22, characterized in that the output device is designed as a portable control device (50) into which at least one ticket (10) can be inserted, that the ticket records located on the ticket (10) on a display element (51) of the Control device (50) can be displayed and that communication (INF1, INF2, INF3) to the control device (50) can be established by the first and second transmitter / receiver unit (31, 32).

24. System according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that a stationary ticket (64, 62, 10) for transmitting location information about the respective location with information fields (STATE3, ATTRIBUTES3, POSITION3) to a receiving unit assigned to at least one detection zone (63) is provided and that the receiving unit (63) is coupled to the first and / or second transmitting / receiving unit (31, 32) for supplying the location information.

25. A method for registering tickets (10) for determining a service to be obtained and / or a defined presence, which tickets (10) have a processor module (16), a memory module (17) and at least one first receiving module (11) and wherein in a detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) at least one transmitting / receiving unit (31, 32') is provided for the communication with tickets (10), characterized in that the one basis for the determination of the purchased service and / or the defined Presence-based registration contains the following procedural steps:

A tickets (10) located in the detection zone receive a first information unit (INF1) from the transmitting unit (31) via the first receiving module (11),

B with information contained in the first information unit (INF1), the processor module (16) activates a transmission module (12) contained on the ticket in order to send a further information unit (INF3) to the second reception unit (32) assigned to the detection zone (22) ') to transmit

C upon receipt of the further information unit (INF3), the respective presence of the tickets (10) is registered at least once as a ticket record.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the registration specified in method step C by means of the first and the further information unit (INF1, INF3) contains at least information about location and date / time, this information being stored in an area of a memory module (17, 41, 42) on the ticket (10) and / or

- In a database, which is assigned to an on-board computer (35) and / or to - a remote computer system (36) and / or to the - second receiving unit (32 ').

27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that, based on the information about the location, a virtual trip section number (n, n + 1) in the first information unit (INF1) for the tickets (10.) Located in the detection zone (22) ) is transmitted and changed by one counting step per trip section; the trip section number (n, n + 1) stored on the ticket (10) is compared with the current trip section number (n + 1, n + 2) in order to determine check whether the ticket (10) has been correctly recorded in the previous sections of the journey.

28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the time of activating the transmitter module (12) is determined by means of a random generator.

29. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that the frequency of the first transmission unit (31) is selected such that the field in the detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) is designed as a near field.

30. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 29, characterized in that the frequency of the transmitter module (12) is selected so that the field in the detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) is designed as a far field.

31. The method according to any one of claims 10, 11 or 25 to 30, characterized in that the first information unit

(INFl) can be transferred from a read / write device (80) to the ticket (10), the first information unit (INFl) including in particular an authorization to receive a service or identification, and by means of method step B with the third or A further information unit (INF3) can be used to set up bidirectional communication between read / write device (80) and ticket (10).

32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that the read / write device (80) is coupled to a network (89) and the transmission of an authorization to the ticket (10) contained in the first information unit (INFl) is only enabled, if this authorization was previously validated via the network.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that the ticket (10) can be inserted into the read / write device (80) or placed on the read / write device (80) and the transmission of the first information unit (INF1) to the ticket ( 10) by an inductive coupling and the transmission transmission from the third or further information unit (INF3) to the read / write device (80) takes place by means of an electromagnetic coupling.

34. System for registering tickets (10) for determining a service to be obtained and / or a defined presence, which tickets (10) have a processor module (16), a memory module (17) and a first receiving module (11) and wherein in a detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) at least one transmitting / receiving unit (31, 32') is provided for communication with tickets (10), characterized in that the detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) a receiving unit (32 ') and at least one first transmitting unit (31) are assigned for communication via a receiving module (11) and a transmitting module (12) each arranged on the tickets (10), with a first one being transferable to the ticket

Information unit (INF1) and a further information unit (INF3), which can be transferred from the ticket (10) to the receiving unit (32), the presence of the tickets (10) located in the detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) in a memory module (16) of the tickets ( 10) and / or can be registered as ticket records in a database coupled to the receiving unit (32 ').

35. System according to claim 34, characterized in that the frequency of the first transmission unit (31) is selected such that the field in the detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) is designed as a near field.

36. System according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the frequency of the transmitter module (12) is selected such that the field in the detection zone (21, 21 ', 22) is designed as a far field.

37. System according to one of claims 18 to 24 or 34 to 36, characterized in that for at least one first information unit (INF1) to be transmitted to a ticket (10), which in particular contains an authorization to receive a service or an identification Write- / Reading device (80) is provided, which contains:

- means for receiving a ticket (10),

- processor system (86, 87)

- Receiver comprising antenna (85.1) and a receiving amplifier (83) for inductive coupling with the ticket (10);

- Transmitter comprising an antenna (85.2) and an Ξ end amplifier for electromagnetic coupling with the ticket (10).

38. Application of the method according to one of claims 1 to 17 or 25 to 33 for means of transport, exhibitions and secured zones.