EP1278698B1

EP1278698B1 - Fuel storage system with vent filter assembly

Info

Publication number: EP1278698B1
Application number: EP99939071A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rodger P. Grantham
Original assignee: Vapor Systems Technologies Inc
Current assignee: Vapor Systems Technologies Inc
Priority date: 1999-08-06
Filing date: 1999-08-06
Publication date: 2006-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2019-08-06
Also published as: DE69931197T2; WO2001010770A1; EP1278698A1; AU5342899A; DE69931197D1

Description

The present invention relates to a system for reducing the discharge of pollutants from underground gasoline storage tanks. The system is arranged to discharge pollutant free air when the pressure within the system reaches a predetermined level. Air to be discharged is separated from gasoline vapor within the storage system prior to its discharge.
U.S. Patent No. 5,464,466, to Nanaji et al., describes a fuel storage tank vent filter system where a filter or fractionating membrane is used to capture pollutants from the vapor vented from the system's fuel storage tanks. A property of the membrane is that it will capture or collect selected pollutants including hydrocarbons. The captured pollutants are drawn from the membrane as a liquid and returned to the fuel storage tanks. The fractionating membrane comprises a plurality of stacked and bound thin sheets. Each sheet has a hole formed in its center to form an aperture in the stack extending axially from end to end. A perforated removal pipe must be positioned in the axial aperture to enable the captured vapors to be drawn out of the membrane under a vacuum created by a vacuum pump. The throughput of the system is limited because pollutant molecules, as opposed to air molecules, must be pulled through the fractionating membrane in liquid form. U.S. Patent No. 5,571.310 discloses the use of such a membrane in an organic chemical vent filter system. Harmful volatile organic compounds (VOC's) are drawn through the membrane by using a vacuum pump to create a pressure drop of one atmosphere across the membrane. The pump is positioned between the membrane and the tanks, as opposed to between the membrane and the atmosphere.
These prior art systems are inadequate, however, because, to achieve adequate throughput, a substantial pressure drop, e.g., one atmosphere, must be created across the fractionating membrane. Further, the fractionating membrane of these prior art systems, and the associated hardware, is typically too large and costly for many applications. The pumping and fluid transfer system is likely to be more costly and difficult to assemble because of the relatively high levels of vacuum created in the system. Finally, the prior art systems do not expel substantially pollutant free air to the atmosphere. Rather, pressure within the tanks is reduced by merely condensing the pollutant vapors to liquid and returning them to the tanks. Accordingly, there is a need for a compact fuel storage system vent filter assembly that provides improved filtering and throughput at a competitive cost.
This need is met by the present invention wherein a fuel storage system vent filter assembly is provided that includes a fuel vapor duct defining a substantially unobstructed flow path extending from the filter input port to a primary filter output port. Air is drawn through an air-permeable partition and larger, less mobile, pollutant hydrocarbons or VOC's pass to an outlet duct essentially unobstructed by the partition.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a fuel storage system is provided comprising at least one storage tank, an air exhaust port, a filter system, a primary pump, and at least one secondary pump. The storage tank includes a fuel delivery port, a fluid vent port, and a pollutant return port. The filter system comprises a filter input port coupled to the fluid vent port and a fuel vapor duct defining a substantially unobstructed flow path extending from the filter input port to a primary filter output port. The primary filter output port is coupled to the pollutant return port. At least a portion of the fuel vapor duct forms an air-permeable partition designed to pass an air component of fluid within the fuel vapor duct through the air permeable partition and designed to inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within the fuel vapor duct through the air-permeable partition. A secondary filter output port is partitioned from the fuel vapor duct by the air-permeable partition and is coupled to the air exhaust port. The primary pump is positioned to cause fluid to pass from the filter input port to the primary filter output port. The secondary pump(s) is/are positioned to cause the air component within the fuel vapor duct to pass through the air-permeable partition to the secondary filter output port and the air exhaust port.
The primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a first volumetric fluid flow rate and the secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a second volumetric fluid flow rate through the air permeable partition to the secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, in combination with the primary pump, a third volumetric fluid flow rate through the primary filter output port. Preferably, the second volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of the fuel storage system. To maximize system efficiency, the volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port is preferably approximately two to five times greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate or at least approximately two times greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate.
The first volumetric fluid flow rate is preferably approximately two to eight times the value of the second volumetric fluid flow rate. The second volumetric fluid flow rate is preferably between approximately 15 standard cubic feet per hour (118 cubic centimeters per second) and approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour(1180 cubic centimeters per second) or preferably approximately 40 standard cubic feet per hour (314 cubic centimeters per second).
The secondary pump is preferably designed to create a pressure drop of less than 100 kPa across the air-permeable partition, approximately 50 kPa across the air-permeable partition, between approximately 25 kPa and approximately 75 kPa across the air-permeable partition, or between approximately 37.5 kPa and approximately 62.5 kPa across the air-permeable partition.
Preferably, the primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fluid flow of between approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second) and approximately 1500 standard cubic teet per hour (11800 cubic centimeters per second), or approximately 320 standard cubic feet per hour (2513 cubic centimeters per second).
The filter system includes a plurality of fuel vapor ducts. The plurality of fuel vapor ducts may define a plurality of substantially unobstructed flow paths therein extending from the filter input port to the primary filter output port. Each of the plurality of fuel vapor ducts forms separate portions of the air-permeable partition so as to pass and inhibit respective portions of the air component and the pollutant component. Each of the plurality of fuel vapor ducts may be enclosed within a common fuel vapor duct enclosure. The filter input port, the primary filter output port, and the secondary filter output port may be formed in the common fuel vapor duct enclosure.
The substantially unobstructed flow path may comprise a substantially linear flow path and the filter input port and the primary filter output port may be positioned at opposite ends of the substantially linear flow path. The air-permeable partition may comprise an air-permeable membrane supported by a porous tube and the substantially unobstructed flow path may extend along a longitudinal axis of the porous tube. The fuel vapor duct and the primary pump may be arranged such that fluid passes from the filter input port to the primary filter output port with a negligible pressure drop.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a fuel storage system is provided comprising at least one storage tank, an air exhaust port, a first filter assembly, a primary pump, a least one secondary pump, at least one additional filter assembly, and an additional secondary pump. The storage tanks include a fuel delivery port, a fluid vent port, and a pollutant return port. The first filter assembly comprises a filter input port, a fuel vapor duct, a primary filter output port, and a secondary filter output port. The filter input port is coupled to the fluid vent port. The fuel vapor duct defines a substantially unobstructed flow path extending from the filter input port to a primary filter output port. The primary filter output port is coupled to the pollutant return port. At least a portion nf the fuel vapor duct forms an air-permeable partition designed to pass an air component of fluid within the fuel vapor duct through the air permeable partition and designed tn inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within the fuel vapor duct through the air-permeable partition. The secondary filter output port is partitioned from the fuel vapor duct by the air-permeable partition. The primary pump is positioned to cause fluid to pass from the filter input port to the primary filter output port. The secondary pump(s) is/are positioned to cause the air component within the fuel vapor duct to pass through the air-permeable partition to the secondary filter output port
The additional filter assembly comprises an additional filter input port, an additional fuel vapor duct, an additional primary filter output port, and an additional secondary filter output port. The additional filter input port is coupled to the secondary filter output port. The additional fuel vapor duct defines a substantially unobstructed flow path extending from the additional filter input port to the additional primary filter output port. The additional primary filter output port is coupled to the pollutant return port. At least a portion of the additional fuel vapor duct defines an additional air-permeable partition designed to pass an air component of fluid within the additional fuel vapor duct through the additional air permeable partition and designed to inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within the additional fuel vapor duct through the additional air-permeable partition. The additional secondary filter output port is partitioned from the additional fuel vapor duct by the additional air-permeable partition and is coupled to the air exhaust port. The additional secondary pump is coupled to the additional filter assembly and is positioned to cause the air component within the additional fuel vapor duct to pass through the additional air-permeable partition to the additional secondary filter output port.
Preferably, the primary filter pump, the secondary filter pump, and the additional secondary pump are characterized by respective pumping capacities capable of generating a volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate. To maximize system efficiency, the volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port is preferably approximately two to five times greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate or at least approximately two times greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate. The volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port is preferably between approximately 15 standard cubic feet per hour (118 cubic centimeters per second) and approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second) or approximately 40 standard cubic feet per hour (314 cubic centimeters per second).
The primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a first volumetric fluid flow rate. The secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a second volumetric fluid flow rate through the air permeable partition to the secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, in combination with the primary pump, a third volumetric fluid flow rate through the primary filter output port. The additional secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fourth volumetric fluid flow rate through the additional air permeable partition to the additional secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, in combination with the secondary pump, a fifth volumetric fluid flow rate through the additional primary filter output port. Preferably, the fourth volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate ot the fuel storage system. The first volumetric fluid flow rate is preferably approximately twice the value of the second and third volumetric fluid flow rates and the second and third volumetric fluid flow rates are preferably approximately twice the value of the fourth and fifth volumetric fluid flow rates.
The secondary pump is preferably designed to create a pressure drop of less than 100 kPa across the air-permeable partition, approximately 50 kPa across the air-permeable partition, between approximately 25 kPa and approximately 75 kPa across the air-permeable partition, or between approximately 37.5 kPa and approximately 62.5 kPa across the air permeable partition.
The fuel storage system preferably comprises two additional filter assemblies connected to each other in series such that: (I) the primary pump has a characteristic: pumping capacity capable of generating a first volumetric fluid flow rate; (ii) the secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a second volumetric fluid flow rate through the air permeable partition to the secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, in combination with the primary pump, a third volumetric fluid flow rate through the primary filter output port: (iii) the additional secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fourth volumetric fluid flow rate through the additional air permeable partition to the additional secondary filter output port, and capable ot generating, in combination with the secondary pump, a fifth volumetric fluid flow rate through the additional primary filter output port; (iv) the second additional secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a sixth volumetric fluid flow rate through a second additional air permeable partition to a second additional secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, In combination with the additional secondary pump, a seventh volumetric fluid flow rate through the second additional primary filter output port; and such that (v) the sixth volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of the fuel storage system. Preferably the first volumetric fluid flow rate is approximately twice the value of the second and third volumetric fluid flow rates, the second and third volumetric fluid flow rates are approximately twice the value of the fourth and fifth volumetric fluid flow rates, and the fourth and fifth volumetric fluid flow rates are approximately twice the value of the sixth and seventh volumetric fluid flow rates.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method of storing fuel is provided comprising the steps of: providing at least one storage tank including a fuel delivery port, a fluid vent port, and a pollutant return port; providing an air exhaust port; providing a filter system comprising (i) a filter input port coupled to the fluid vent port, (ii) a fuel vapor duct defining a substantially unobstructed flow path extending from the filter input port to a primary filter output port, wherein the primary filter output port is coupled to the pollutant return port, and wherein at least a portion of the fuel vapor duct forms an air-permeable partition designed to pass an air component of fluid within the fuel vapor duct through the air permeable partition and designed to inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within the fuel vapor duct through the air-permeable partition, and (iii) a secondary filter output port partitioned from the fuel vapor duct by the air-permeable partition and coupled to the air exhaust port; positioning a primary pump to cause fluid to pass from the filter input port at a first volumetric fluid flow rate to the primary filter output port; and positioning at least one secondary pump to cause the air component within the fuel vapor duct to pass through the air-permeable partition to the secondary filter output port and the air exhaust port at a second volumetric fluid flow rate, wherein the second volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of the fuel storage system.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel storage system including a vent filter assembly that includes a fuel vapor duct defining a substantially unobstructed flow path extending from the filter input port to a primary filter output port. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a filter system and associated pumping hardware designed tn optimize the efficiency of the fuel storage system. Other objects of the present invention will be apparent in light of the description of the invention embodied herein.
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention can be best understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a fuel storage system according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a filter system portion of a fuel storage system according to the present invention:
Fig. 3 is an illustration of a filter assembly portion of a fuel storage system according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a blown up view, partially broken away, of a portion of the filter assembly illustrated in Fig. 3; and
Fig. 5 is an illustration, partially broken away, of a fuel vapor duct portion of a fuel storage system according to the present invention.

A fuel storage system 10 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figs. 1-5 Referring initially to Fig. 1, the fuel storage system 10 comprises a plurality of storage tanks 12, an air exhaust port 14, and a filter system 16. The storage tanks 12 are coupled to fuel inlet ports 17, fuel delivery ports 18, pressure relief ports 19, a fluid vent port 20, a vapor return port 21, a pollutant return port 22, vapor pressure equalization piping 24, and vent piping 26. The fuel dispensing nozzles of the system (not shown) are arranged to return fuel vapor to the storage tanks 12 via the vapor return ports 21. As will be appreciated by those practicing the present invention, the specifics of the design of the storage tanks 12, fuel inlet ports 17, fuel delivery ports 18, pressure relief ports 19, fluid vent port 20, vapor return port 21, pollutant return port 22, vapor pressure equalization piping 24, and vent piping 26, is conventionally available information and is not the subject of the present invention. For example, reference is made to U.S. Patent Nos. 5,464,466, issued to Nanaji et al. on November 7, 1995; 5,484,000, issued to Hasselmann on January 16, 1996; 4,566,504, issued to Furrow et al. on January 28, 1986; 4,687,033, issued to Furrow et al. on August 18, 1987; 5,035,271, issued to Carmack et al. on July 30, 1991; 5,051,114, issued to Nemser et al. on September 24, 1991 which describes a conventional, commercially available air permeable membrane ; 5,141,037, issued to Carmack et al. on August 25, 1992; 5,590,697, issued to Benjey et al. on January 7, 1997; 5,592,963, issued to Bucci et al. on January 14, 1997; 5,592,979, issued to Payne et al. on January 14, 1997; 5,620,030, issued to Dalhart et al. on April 15, 1997; 5,620,031, issued to Dalhart et al. on April 15, 1997; and 5,678,614, issued to Grantham on October 21, 1997. It is noted that, for the purposes of describing and defining the present invention, any reference herein to a fluid denotes either a gas, a liquid, a gas/liquid mixture, or a gas, liquid, or gas liquid mixture carrying particulate matter.
Referring now to Figs. 2-5, the filter system 16 comprises a filter assembly 30, a primary pump or blower 40 coupled to a primary input port 28, and a secondary pump 50. The filter assembly 30 includes a filter input port 32, a plurality of fuel vapor ducts 34 (see Figs. 3 and 4), a primary filter output port 36, and a secondary filter output port 38. The filter input port 32 is directly coupled to the fluid vent port 20 illustrated in Fig. 1 and the primary filter output port 36 is directly coupled to the pollutant return port 22, also illustrated in Fig. 1. The filter assembly 30, as is illustrated with particularity Fig. 5, includes the porous tube 46 and the air permeable membrane 44.
The filter assembly 30 is a product available from Compact Membrane Systems, Inc., Wilmignton, Delaware, USA.
The fuel vapor ducts 34 define a substantially unobstructed flow path 35 extending from the filter input port 32 to the primary filter output port 36. At least a portion of, and preferably all of, each fuel vapor duct 34 forms an air-permeable partition 37 designed to pass an air component of fluid within the fuel vapor duct 34 through the air permeable partition 37, see directional arrows 33 in Fig. 3. Passage of a pollutant component of fluid, e.g., VOC's, within the fuel vapor duct 31 through the air-permeable partition 37 is inhibited. Specifically, the air-permeable partition 37 comprises an air-permeable membrane 44 supported by a porous tube 46 and the substantially unobstructed flow path 35 extends along a longitudinal axis of the porous tube 46.
Referring to Fig. 4, it is noted that a potting compound 48 Is preferably interposed between opposite end portions nf adjacent fuel vapor ducts 34 to ensure that all of the fluid incident upon the filter input port 32 is forced to pass through the interior of the fuel vapor ducts 34, as opposed tn through the spaces between the fuel vapor ducts 34. For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention, it is noted that when reference is made herein to the substantially unobstructed flow path 35, the presence of the potting compound 48 is not considered to be a substantial obstruction.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5, the secondary filter output port 38 is partitioned from the fuel vapor duct 34 by the air-permeable partition 37 and is directly coupled to the air exhaust port 14. The primary pump 40 is positioned to cause fluid to pass from the filter input port 32 through each fuel vapor duct 34 to the primary tilter output port 36. The secondary pump 50 is positioned to cause the air component within the fuel vapor duct 34 to pass through the air-permeable partition 37 to the secondary filter output port 30 and the air exhaust port 14.
As is clearly illustrated in Fig. 3, the filter system 16 includes a plurality fuel vapor ducts 34 that define respective substantially linear unobstructed flow paths 35 therein extending from the filter input port 32 to the primary filler output port 36. Each of the fuel vapor ducts 34 form separate portions of a collective air-permeable partition 37 and are enclosed within a common fuel vapor duct enclosure 42. The filter input port 32, the primary filter output port 36, and the secondary filter output port 38 are formed in the common fuel vapor duct enclosure 42. The arrangement of the fuel vapor ducts 34 and the primary pump 40 is such that fluid passes from the filter input port 32 through the fuel vapor ducts 34 tn the primary filter output port 36 with a negligible pressure drop. This negligible pressure drop is largely attributable to the unobstructed nature of the flow paths 35.
Reference will now be made to Figs. 1 and 2 in discussing the characteristics of the primary pump or blower 40 and the secondary pump 50, and the various flow rates generated within the system 16. The primary pump 40 has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a first volumetric fluid flow rate R₁. Specifically, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the primary pump 40 has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fluid flow of between approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second) and approximately 1500 standard cubic feet per hour (11800 cubic centimeters per second). In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary pump 40 has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fluid flow of approximately 320 standard cubic feet per hour (2513 cubic centimeters per second). The secondary pump 50 has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating, in combination with any downstream pumps, a second volumetric fluid flow rate R₂ through the air permeable partition 37 to the secondary filter output port 38. Additionally, the secondary pump 50 has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating, in combination with the primary pump 40, a third volumetric fluid flow rate R₃ through the fuel vapor ducts 34 to the primary filter output port 36.
Fuel storage systems employing vapor return hardware are characterized by an average net fluid volume return rate which is the difference between the volume of vapor returned to the storage tanks of the system and the volume of fluid dispensed to a fuel receiving tank or lost to the ambient. The volume of returned vapor tends to pressurize the storage system. The second volumetric fluid flow rate R₂ is selected such that it is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of the fuel storage system tn ensure that harmful pollutants are not vented to the ambient due to over pressurization, and to ensure that the filter system 16 of the present invention operates at maximum efficiency. For example, in a typical fuel storage system utilized to dispense on the order of 250,000 gallons (946,250 liters) of fuel per month, the second volumetric fluid flow rato R₂ is approximately 40 standard cubic feet per hour (314 cubic centimeters per second). Further, the first volumetric fluid flow rate R₁ is preferably approximately two to eight times the value of the second volumetric fluid flow rate R₂. The specific value of the selected second volumetric fluid flow rate R₂ is largely dependent upon the average fuel dispensing rate of the particular fuel storage system, however, it is contemplated by the present invention that, in many preferred embodiments of the present invention, the second volumetric fluid flow rate R₂ is between approximately 15 standard cubic feel per hour and approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second).
The characteristics of the filter system 16 of the present invention allow the secondary pump 50 to be designed to create a pressure drop of about 50 kPa across the air-permeable partition 37. In some embodiments of the present invention, It is contemplated that the secondary pump 50 may be designed to create a pressure drop of between approximately 25 kPa and approximately 75 kPa or, more preferably, between approximately 37.5 kPa and approximately 62.5 kPa across the air-permeable partition 37. All of these values represent a significant departure from the storage system of U.S. Patent No. 5,571,310, where harmful VOC's from a storage system, as opposed to non-polluting air components from the storage system, are drawn through a membrane by using a vacuum pump to create a pressure drop of about one atmosphere (100 kPa) across the membrane.
Referring now specifically to Fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, additional secondary pumps 50', 50" are employed in the filter system 16 of the present invention. As will be appreciated by those practicing the present invention, the first filler assembly 30, the primary pump 40, and the secondary pump 50, are substantially as described above. However, in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, the fuel storage system 10 comprises two additional filter assemblies 30', 30" connected in series such that: (i) the secondary pump 30 has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a second volumetric fluid flow rate R₂' through the air permeable partition 37 to the secondary fitter output port 38, and capable of generating, in combination with the primary pump 40, a third volumetric fluid flow rate R₃' through the primary filter output port 36; (ii) the first additional secondary pump 50' has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fourth volumetric fluid flow rate R₄' through an additional air permeable partition 37 to an additional secondary filter output port 38', and capable of generating, in combination with the secondary pump 50, a fifth volumetric fluid flow rate R₅' through an additional primary filter output port 36'; (iii) the second additional secondary pump 50" has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a sixth volumetric fluid flow rate R_a' through a second additional air permeable partition 37 to a second additional secondary filter output port 38" coupled to the air exhaust port 14, and capable of generating, in combination with the additional secondary pump 50', a seventh volumetric fluid flow rate R₇' through a second additional primary filter output port 36"; and such that (iv) the sixth volumetric fluid flow rate R₆' is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of the fuel storage system 12. To maximize system efficiency, the volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port 14 is approximately two to five times greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate, or at least two times greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate.

An additional filter input port 32' is coupled to the secondary tilter output port 38 and a second additional filter input port 32" is coupled to the additional secondary filter output port 38'. An additional primary filter output port 36' and a second additional primary filter output port 36" are coupled to the pollutant return port 22. Referring to Fig. 2, the preferred flow rates (R) and associated hydrocarbon concentrations (HC) for one embodiment of the present invention are as follows, where HC₆ represents the hydrocarbon concentration of the fluid vented to the atmosphere:

Flow Rate standard cubic foot per hour (scfh)	Hydrocarbon Concentration % of fluid flow
R₁ = 320 scfh/2513 ccs	HC₁ = 80%
R₂' = 160 scfh/1256 ccs	HC₂ = 59.93%
R₃' = 160 scfh/1256 ccs	HC₃ = 99.998%
R₄' = 80 scfh/628 ccs	HC₄ = 25.54%
R₅' = 80 scfh/620 ccs	HC₅ = 95.01%
R₆' = 40 scfh/314 ccs	HC₆ = 1.54%
R₇' = 40 scfh/314 ccs	HC₇ = 47.61%

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, the volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port 14 is selected such that it is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of the fuel storage system 10 to ensure that harmful pollutants are not vented to the ambient due to over pressurization, and to ensure that the filter system 16 of the present invention operates at maximum efficiency. The specific value of the selected second volumetric fluid flow rate R₂ is largely dependent upon the average fuel dispensing rate of the particular fuel storage system, however, it is contemplated by the present invention that, in many preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port 14 is between approximately 15 standard cubic teet per hour (118 cubic centimeters per second) and approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second), or, more specifically, 10 standard cubic feet per hour (314 cubic centimeters per second).
It is contemplated by the present invention that, it only one additional tilter assembly 30' is utilized according to the present invention, the primary filter pump 40, the secondary filter pump 50, and the additional secondary pump 50' are preferably characterized by respective pumping capacities capable of generating a volumetric fluid flow rate through the air exhaust port 1 greater than the characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of the system.
The characteristics of the filter system 16 of the present invention allows the additional secondary pumps 50', 50" to be designed to create a pressure drop of about 50 kPa across the respective air-permeable partitions 37. In some embodiments of the present invention, it is contemplated that the additional secondary pumps 50', 50" may be designed to create a pressure drop of between approximately 25 kPa and approximately 75 kPa or, more preferably, between approximately 37.5 kPa and approximately 62.5 kPa across the respective air-permeable partitions 37.
Having described the invention in detail and by reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims.

Claims

A fuel storage system (10) comprising
at least one storage tank (12) including a fuel delivery port (18), a fluid vent port (20), and a pollutant return port (22);
an air exhaust port (14);
a filter system (16) comprising
a filter input port (32) coupled to said fluid vent port,
a plurality of fuel vapor ducts (34) defining a flow path (35) extending from said filter input port to a primary filter output port (36), wherein
said primary filter output port is coupled to said pollutant return port, and wherein
at least a portion of said fuel vapor duct forms an air-permeable partition (37) designed to pass an air component of fluid within said fuel vapor duct through said air-permeable partition and designed to inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within said fuel vapor duct through said air-permeable partition, said air-permeable partition including an air-permeable membrane (44);
each of said plurality of fuel vapor ducts forming separate portions of said air-permeable partition so as to pass and inhibit respective portions of said air component and said pollutant component;
a secondary filter output port (38) partitioned from said fuel vapor duct by said air-permeable partition and coupled to said air exhaust port;
a primary pump (40) positioned to cause fluid to pass from said filter input port to said primary filter output port; and
at least one secondary pump (50) positioned to cause said air component within said fuel vapor duct to pass through said air-permeable partition to said secondary filter output port and said air exhaust port.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generate a first volumetric fluid flow rate;

said secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable ot generating a second volumetric fluid flow rate through said air permeable partition and said secondary filter output port to said air exhaust port, and capable of generating, in combination with said primary pump, a third volumetric fluid flow rate through said primary filter output port; and wherein

said second volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of said fuel storage system.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the second volumetric flow rate is approximately two to five times greater than the average net fluid volume return rate of said fuel storage system.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the second volumetric flow rate is at least approximately two times greater than the average net fluid volume return rate of said fuel storage system.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first volumetric fluid flow rate is approximately two to eight times the value of said second volumetric fluid flow rate.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said second volumetric fluid flow rate is between approximately 15 standard cubic feet per hour and approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second).
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said second volumetric fluid flow rate is approximately 40 standard cubic feet per hour (314 cubic centimeters per second).
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of lose than 100 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of approximately 50 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of between approximately 25 kPa and approximately 75 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 2 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of between approximately 37.5 kPa and approximately 62.5 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fluid flow of between approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second) and approximately 1500 standard cubic feet per hour (11800 cubic centimeters per second).
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fluid flow of approximately 320 standard cubic feet per hour (314 cubic centimeters per second).
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said filter system includes a plurality fuel vapor ducts;

said plurality of fuel vapor ducts define a plurality of flow paths therein extending from acid filter input port to said primary filter output port;

each of said plurality of fuel vapor ducts form separate portions of said air-permeable partition so as to pass and inhibit respective portions of said air component and said pollutant component;
wherein each of said plurality ur fuel vapor ducts are enclosed within a common fuel vapor duct onclosuro; and wherein
said filter input port, said primary filter output port, and said secondary filter output port are formed in said common fuel vapor duct enclosure.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said flow path comprises a substantially linear flow path and wherein said filter input port and said primary filter output port are positioned at opposite ends of said substantially linear flow path.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said air-permeable membrane is supported by a porous tube (48) and wherein said flow path extends along a longitudinal axis of said porous tube.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fuel vapor duct and said primary pump are arranged such that fluid passes from said filter input port to said primary filter output port with a negligible pressure drop.
A fuel storage system (10) comprising:
at least one storage tank (12) including a fuel delivery port (18), a fluid vent port (20), and a pollutant return port (22);

an air exhaust port (14);

a first filter assembly (30) comprising
a filter input port (32) coupled to the fluid vent port,
a fuel vapor duct (31) defining a flow path (35) extending from said filter input port to a primary filter output port (36), wherein
said primary filter output port is coupled to said pollutant return port, and wherein
at least a portion of said fuel vapor duct forms an air-permeable partition (37) designed to pass an air component of fluid within said fuel vapor duct through said air permeable partition and designed to inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within said fuel vapor duct through said air-permeable partition, said air permeable partition including an air-permeable membrane (44):
a secondary filter output port (38) partitioned from said fuel vapor duct by said air-permeable partition;

a primary pump (40) positioned to cause fluid to pass from said filter input port to said primary filler output port;

at least one secondary pump (50) positioned to cause said air component within said fuel vapor duct to pass through said air-permeable partition to said secondary filter output port;

at least one additional filter assembly (30') comprising
an additional filter input port (32) coupled to said secondary filter output port,
an additional fuel vapor duct (34) defining a flow path (35) extending from said additional filter input port to an additional primary filter output port (36), wherein said additional primary filter output port is coupled to said pollutant return port, and wherein
at least a portion of said additional fuel vapor duct defines an additional air-permeable partition (37) designed to pass an air component of fluid within said additional fuel vapor duct through said additional air permeable partition and designed to inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within said additional fuel vapor duct through said additional air-permeable partition, said air permeable partition including an air-permeable membrane (44): and
an additional secondary filter output port (38') partitioned from said additional fuel vapor duct by said additional air-permeable partition and coupled to said air exhaust port; and

an additional secondary pump (50') coupled to each of said at least one additional filter assemblies and positioned to cause said air component within said additional fuel vapor duct to pass through said additional air-permeable partition and said additional secondary filter output port to said air exhaust port.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 18 wherein said fuel storage system has a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate and wherein said primary filter pump, said secondary filter pump, and said additional secondary pump are characterized by respective pumping capacities capable of generating a volumetric fluid flow rate through said air exhaust port greater than said characteristic average net fluid volume return rate.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 19 wherein said volumetric fluid flow rate through said air exhaust port is approximately two to five times greater than said characteristic average net fluid volume ratum rate.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 19 wherein said volumetric fluid flow rate through said air exhaust port is at least approximately two times greater than said characteristic average net fluid volume return rate.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 19 wherein said volumetric fluid flow rate through said air exhaust port is between approximately 15 standard cubic feet per hour (118 cubic centimeters per second) and approximately 150 standard cubic feet per hour (1180 cubic centimeters per second).
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 19 wherein said volumetric fluid flow rate through said air exhaust port is approximately 40 standard cubic feet per hour (314 cubic centimeters per second).
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 18 wherein:
said primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable ot generating a first volumetric fluid flow rate;

said secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a second volumetric fluid flow rate through said air permeable partition to said secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, in combination with said primary pump, a third volumetric fluid flow rate through said primary filter output port;

said additional secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fourth volumetric fluid flow rate through said additional air permeable partition and said additional secondary niter output port to said air exhaust port, and capable of generating, in combination with said secondary pump, a fifth volumetric fluid flow rate through said additional primary filter output port; and wherein

said fourth volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of said fuel storage system.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said first volumetric fluid flow rate is approximately twice the value of said second and third volumetric fluid flow rates and said second and third volumetric fluid flow rates are approximately twice the value of said fourth and fifth volumetric fluid flow rates.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of less than 100 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of approximately 50 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of between approximately 25 kPa and approximately 75 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said secondary pump is designed to create a pressure drop of between approximately 37.5 kPa und approximately 62.5 kPa across said air-permeable partition.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 16 wherein said fuel storage system comprises two additional filter assemblies, and wherein said two additional filter assemblies are connected to each other in series such that
said primary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a first volumetric fluid flow rate,
said secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a second volumetric fluid flow rate through said air permeable partition to said secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, in combination with said primary pump, a third volumetric fluid flow rate through said primary filter output port,
said additional secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a fourth volumetric fluid flow rate through said additional air permeable partition to said additional secondary filter output port, and capable of generating, in combination with said secondary pump, a fifth volumetric fluid flow rate through said additional primary filter output port,
said second additional secondary pump has a characteristic pumping capacity capable of generating a sixth volumetric fluid flow rate through a second additional air permeable partition and a second additional secondary filter output port to said air exhaust port, and capable of generating, in combination with said additional secondary pump, a seventh volumetric fluid flow rate through said second additional primary filter output port, and such that
said sixth volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average not fluid volume return rate of said fuel storage system.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 30 wherein said sixth volumetric fluid flow rate through said air exhaust port is approximately two to five times greater than said characteristic average net fluid volume return rate.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 30 wherein said sixth volumetric fluid flow rate through said air exhaust port is at least approximately two times greater than said characteristic average not fluid volume return rate.
A fuel storage system as claimed in claim 30 wherein said first volumetric fluid flow rate is approximately twice the value of said second and third volumetric fluid flow rates, said second and third volumetric fluid flow rates are approximately twice the value of said fourth and fifth volumetric fluid flow rates, and said fourth and fifth volumetric fluid flow rates are approximately twice the value of said sixth and seventh volumetric fluid flow rates.
A method of storing fuel comprising the steps of:
providing at least one storage tank (12) including a fuel delivery port (18), a fluid vent port (20), and a pollutant return port (22);

providing an air exhaust port (14);

providing a filter system (16) comprising
a filter input port (32) coupled to said fluid vent port,
a plurality of fuel vapor ducts (34) defining a plurality of flow paths (35) extending from said filter input port to a primary filter output port (36), wherein
said primary filter output port is coupled to said pollutant return port, and wherein
at least a portion of said fuel vapor duct forms an air-permeable partition (37) designed to pass an air component of fluid within said fuel vapor duct through said air-permeable partition and designed to inhibit passage of a pollutant component of fluid within said fuel vapor duct through said air-permeable partition, said air-permeable partition including an air-permeable membrane (44);

each of said plurality of fuel vapor ducts forming separate portions of said air-permeable partition so as to pass and inhibit respective portions of said air component and said pollutant component;
a secondary filter output port (38) partitioned from said fuel vapor duct by said air-permeable partition and coupled to said air exhaust port;

positioning a primary pump (40) to cause fluid to pass from said filter input port at a first volumetric fluid flow rate to said primary filter output port; and

positioning at least one secondary pump (50) to cause said air component within said fuel vapor duct to pass through said air-permeable partition and said secondary filter output port to said air exhaust port at a second volumetric fluid flow rate wherein said second volumetric fluid flow rate is greater than a characteristic average net fluid volume return rate of said fuel storage system.