EP1298629B1 - Method of displaying arabic characters in a display of a vehicle - Google Patents

Description

In ISO 8859-6, the representation of characters of the Arabic script is standardized, hereinafter referred to as ISO original.

The Arabic script is written from right to left.

The characters according to ISO 8859-6 are retrieved from the Internet ( Fig. 2 ).

One field of the ISO original is square and there are 24 x 24 pixels per field. This embodiment would be unsuitable for a vehicle display because the thin weights of the characters would appear "pale" and therefore extremely unreadable.

For example, the display according to the present invention has 96 fields, each field having 8 x 16 pixels. The pixel size is different than the ISO original. The separation of the pixels is done by pitches, which are in the basic color of the display. 1 pitch in the mentioned display has the width of 0.1 mm.

Assuming that, for technical reasons, a field must be 8 x 16 pixels, the characters and characters can no longer be represented as specified by the ISO original as a guideline.

Furthermore, only characters in the isolated position are indicated in said ISO original.

The following text uses the word letter by letter. The word sign is more general and also means a dot, a question mark or an exclamation mark. The word "letter" also includes necessary characters in the following text.

A high Arabic in the sense, as z. B. in High German, there is not. The modern standard Arabic corresponds to the term High Arabic.

It refers here to the letter set UT Cairo with about 110 letters, in which the majority of the Arabic letters is included.

The Unicode, which is the default code that fully represents the Arabic script, has more than 150 characters. This also local dialects can be displayed. These local dialects are not discussed here.

It should also be noted that the Arabic spelling knows up to 4 different forms of representation of a letter whose form of representation is dependent on the position of the letter in the word. A distinction is made between the starting, middle and end position as well as the isolated position of a letter.

The U.S. Patent No. 4,507,734 (Kaldas ) discloses a display according to the preamble of claim 1.

Note:

Representation in the display

For a representation in a display fields are to be deposited in a computer. In these fields the shape of the letters is determined. The number of these fields depends on the computer capacity and does not have to match the number of fields in the display. The capacity of said computer is the limit of which variety of letters in the display can be lit. The variety of letters correlates with the number of filed fields.

The object of the invention is to present a well readable and flexibly configurable display for a motor vehicle and to require the smallest possible number of storable fields.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The fact that by the design of the letters and parts of letters these in several places of words, eg. B. at the beginning and / or in the middle and / or at the end of a word and / or isolated stand usable, a large part of possible representations of letters "saved". In the mentioned letter set UT Cairo with approx. 110 letters many letters are contained, which, if they are used in the mentioned different places of words or stand isolated, are written differently.

According to the invention, many of the named letters have been designed in the sense of "design" so that they can be used in several places and are also understood correctly by the reader.

Approximately equivalence in the "saving" of letters was achieved by the inverse ligature.

Ligature comes from the setting technique and means that letters, such. B. "ch" or "st" are summarized in a riser.

Inverse ligature means that two fields are needed in the display to form a letter, that is, in a field of the display is only a part of a letter representable.

According to the sub-letters or letter parts are designed so that they can be used as part of several different letters. By way of example, the sub-letter in the embodiment according to the invention with the address C0 ( 3 and 4 ), which is used eight times for different letters.

Thus, from the disadvantage of the inverse ligature, which means a high "consumption" of fields in the display, by the inventive design and application of the letter parts, the advantage of "saving" in the consumption of deposited in the computer fields.

A commercial vehicle manufacturer who sells a very high-quality good should also display in the vehicle as perfect a display as possible and legible for the driver. The scriptural peculiarities required to represent a particular language must be taken into account.

In the Arabic script, the links from one letter to the other are very important for a better readability of the words. These compounds are not present in the ISO original, so that according to the ISO original only a stringing together of isolated letters is possible, which would seem strange to a connoisseur of the Arabic script.

Therefore, connecting lines to the next following letters are shown in the display, so that the font "liquid" appears.

In the example according to the invention shown here, the most complete possible font representation is offered.

With the display according to the invention is also a very good readable and in the presentation of texts a far-reaching and variable display display succeeded.

In addition, the simplified addressing with 96 addresses in the hexadecimal system has succeeded in addressing (MAN code page), which does not significantly burden the computer.

However, if another computer is available, other types of addressing, e.g. As a 4-digit (32-bit address space) instead of the 2-digit hexadecimal addressing used here (16-bit address space) possible.

The display is based on the character set UT-Cairo, with which the most common characters can be displayed.

Note: Arabic belongs to a separate font family. In contrast, almost all European writings are borrowed from the Latin font family.

In the drawings, the invention is shown schematically.

Fig. 1

die Darstellung im Display,

Fig. 2

die ISO-8859-6 (ISO-Original),

Fig. 3

die Zeichencodetabelle mit Adressierung in Hexadezimalwerten,

Fig. 4

die arabischen Buchstaben einzeln nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 5

Schriftenvergleich erfindungsgemäß und ISO-Original,

Fig. 6

die inverse Ligatur eines Buchstabens,

Fig. 7

die Darstellung eines gleichen Buchstabens an unterschiedlichen Stellen im Wort,

Fig. 8

Textbeispiele, wie sie im Display erscheinen.

Show it:

Fig. 1

the display in the display,

Fig. 2

ISO-8859-6 (ISO original),

Fig. 3

the character code table with addressing in hexadecimal values,

Fig. 4

the Arabic letters individually after Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5

Fiction comparison according to the invention and ISO original,

Fig. 6

the inverse ligature of a letter,

Fig. 7

the representation of a same letter at different places in the word,

Fig. 8

Text examples, as they appear in the display.

The Fig. 1 shows the representation according to the invention of the Arabic letters or characters approximately in size, as they appear in the display. The separation of the individual fields is not visible in the display. The faint gray colored horizontal lines are also not shown in the display. The lines mentioned, it is the pixel rows 1 and 16 of each line, are not occupied with parts of the characters, in order to achieve a good row separation and thus a good readability. By this measure remains in the first line above and the last line below a row of pixels and between the rows of two rows of pixels free. The drawing shows 96 fields with 6 lines of 16 fields each.

In the case of use in a vehicle, not all fields in the display need to be illuminated with Arabic letters in a time-related manner; H. it can simultaneously vehicle-related characters or notes, eg. B. units (I / 100 km) be lit up.

The Arabic script is written from right to left. In order to allow a fluent reading, the connections between the individual letters are very important in words. The letters imitated according to the invention have these connections, so that the driver can quickly and without effort read a message that appears on the display.

The Arabic script has about 110 different letters, including 5 diphtongs (ai, au). The display must also show the numbers from 0 to 9 and some special characters. Furthermore, some letters need to display two fields (inverse ligature) in the display, see Fig. 6 , so that would have to be available for the above total characters a space of over 120 fields. This is only possible with a computer with a correspondingly high storage capacity.

By advantageously designing the letters, many of the letters that are differently written when standing at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a word or isolated can be used at a plurality of said locations, thereby saving a large number of characters Letters or fields to be assigned.

Furthermore, letters or letter parts for the inverse ligature were designed so that the letter parts are used for the formation of further letters in inverse ligature. As a result, fields to be occupied are also "saved".

With 82 letters or parts of the letter according to the invention, the Arabic script of modern standard Arabic is almost completely replicated.

The Fig. 2 shows the Arabic letters according to ISO-8859-6. The characters were taken from the internet.

One field has 24 x 24 pixels. These characters are unsuitable in a vehicle display because the pixel size is small and, in proportion to this, the separation of the pixels is about 0.1 mm. The letters would be pale in a vehicle display and unreadable in size.

Furthermore, in the ISO original, there are no connecting lines to other letters for word formation, so when using these letters for word formations, this looks like stringing letters together. This is not advantageous or not suitable for display in a display.

The Fig. 3 shows the addressing of the letters in hexadecimal values. However, they are not the size, as they appear in the display, the letters, characters and numbers simulated according to the invention.

The Fig. 4 shows the inventively emulated letters, characters and numbers individually with the address in the display Fig. 1 , As it first appears, the inverse ligature, thus occupying two display fields to represent a letter, is disadvantageous with respect to the limited number of 96 storable fields in the computer.

Due to the inventive design of the letters and the inventive application of the inverse ligature to form further letters so the number of letters, numbers and other characters can be limited to 96 storable fields or places in the computer.

The Fig. 5 shows a font comparison between the appearing in the display font, ISO 8859-5 (adapted) and the font after the ISO original 8859-6.

Clearly recognizable is the "liquid" word representation according to the invention, reproduced representation of the font with the connections between the letters in a word.

The. Fig. 6 shows by way of example a letter for an inverse ligature. The right part of the letter is from the Fig. 4 the letter with the address C1, the left part is the one with the address C0. Composed, they give the sign to UT Cairo, as in Fig. 6 shown. The representation of the two arcs to the middle ridge of the right part of the letter are achieved by the illumination of the pixel "a" in the base color or by the non-exposure of the pixel "a" for the character. The end of the right side of the letter in the original representation has a connection arc to the previous character. This terminal arc is symbolically formed by not exposing the pixel "b" and the horizontal connecting bar formed by the previous letter, which, as mentioned, is very important in the Arabic script.

The character with the address C0 is used in total for 8 letter formations, that with the address C1 for 2 letter formations. To call all letters to be written in inverse ligature here would lead too far.

Furthermore appears in Fig. 6 the word codepage. Code page means all letters and letter parts that are fixed and addressable.

The Fig. 7 shows the representation of a word after UT Cairo, which in the print media as in Fig. 7.1 is pictured.

The same word appears in the display as in Fig. 7.4 shown.

The representation in Fig. 7.2 shows the word Fig.7.1 dissolved. The letter 7.21 in Fig. 7.2 is the same letter as the letter 7.22 in Fig. 7.2 but is spelled differently because the letter 7.21 is in the word and the letter 7.22 is at the beginning of the word (read from the right).

The letter 7.21 has on its right side a horizontal connecting line, the letter 7.22 not. The print media must therefore have two letter forms available for a letter.

The representation in Fig. 7.3 shows the word Fig. 7.1 dissolved. The letter 7.31 in Fig. 7.3 is written in the display exactly this way, although this letter 7.31 stands in the middle of the word, as the letter 7.32 in Fig. 7.3 which stands at the beginning (read from the right) of the word. So only one letter 7.31 / 7.32 has to be saved. The connecting line between the letters 7.33 and 7.31 is formed by the letters 7.33. The connecting line of the letter 7.32 to the letter 7.34 is formed by the letter 7.32.

The Fig. 8 shows a text example for the display of display texts according to the display according to the invention. The letters used correspond to those in Fig. 1 are shown.

Claims (5)

1. Display for a vehicle for displaying Arabic letters, numbers and characters, whereby the display is divided into display fields and in each such display field one letter, one number or one character may be illuminated,
   characterised in that
   fields are stored in a computer for the presentation in the display, in which fields the form of the letters, numbers and characters is defined, whereby the

   - arrangement of letters and elements of letters,

   - the use of inverse ligature and,

   - in some cases, the possibility of multiple use of the letters and elements of letters in different positions in a word

   ensure that the letters of the Arabic alphabet can be reproduced and displayed, and the letters contain horizontal connecting lines to ensure good legibility of the words.
2. Display in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that many letters, thanks to their design, may be used in at least two positions in a word and/or in isolation.
3. Display in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that, in the case of inverse ligature, similar elements of a letter are used with elements of other letters, even in order to form such other letters.
4. Display in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the code page is used in addition to a standard character set, in particular the IBM standard character set.
5. Display in accordance with claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the letters can be displayed in a similar fashion when a different display-field size is used and/or a different number of pixels is used in the display field.

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