EP1484945A1 - Electrical heating cable or heating band - Google Patents

Electrical heating cable or heating band Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1484945A1
EP1484945A1 EP04010990A EP04010990A EP1484945A1 EP 1484945 A1 EP1484945 A1 EP 1484945A1 EP 04010990 A EP04010990 A EP 04010990A EP 04010990 A EP04010990 A EP 04010990A EP 1484945 A1 EP1484945 A1 EP 1484945A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
heating
polytetrafluoroethylene
tape
insulating layer
tape according
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EP04010990A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1484945B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Schwamborn
Wolfgang Dlugas
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HEW Kabel GmbH and Co KG
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HEW Kabel CDT GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical heating line or an electrical Heating tape with insulating coatings arranged in the layer structure Polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • heating cables in a coaxial arrangement known for example also for Heating aggressive media are heating cables in a coaxial arrangement known (DE-A 28 50 722), in which the heating conductor of a fluoropolymer as Insulating material is enclosed.
  • This insulation is covered by one Copper wire braid, using the individual wires to avoid corrosion are additionally nickel-plated.
  • This network of copper wires is the electrical one Protective conductor of the line used to avoid accident hazards, for example also due to a short circuit in the electrically conductive part, within the line is provided.
  • the protective conductor is covered by an external one Plastic sheath, which is used to protect against aggressive media in the environment, e.g. out is made of a fluoropolymer.
  • Advantage of such a coaxial Arrangement is in addition to the wide range of use of this line due to resistant to high temperatures and insensitive to aggressive media Materials that such lines in practically any lengths with high Flexibility can be produced.
  • Heating cable with a coaxial layer structure is already known (DE-ES 101 07 429).
  • both sides these two layers are air-impermeable layers of one extrudable fluoropolymer provided so that there is a between them Can form air cushions.
  • Layer construction that increases cable diameter leads to the deliberately created Air cushions in the interior of the cable significantly impair the Heat conduction away from the heating conductor to the cable surface and thus to one Deterioration of the efficiency of the heating cable itself.
  • the invention takes a different path to protect the layer structure of a heating cable or heating tape existing coverings (conductor insulation, intermediate sheath, outer protective sheath ) made of polytetrafluoroethylene. even with the greatest mechanical force Impact or crushing stress.
  • At least one of the polytetrafluoroethylene coatings is by at least one adjacent insulating layer from a melt processable fluoropolymer shockproof.
  • the invention is based on the Recognition that adequate protection against external mechanical Strains can be achieved through the juxtaposition of Polymer layers from the same polymer family, but different Polymer structure. So according to the proposal of the invention is the polytetrafluoroethylene with its fibrous, so-called fibril-containing, polymer structure through the neighboring thermoplastic polymer protected with its amorphous structure. This results from the fact that in contrast with impact or impact loads to the fiber structure the amorphous polymer structure has a shock absorbing effect.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention results in an electrical heating line in a coaxial arrangement with a central conductor, an insulation made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a protective conductor in the form of stranded or braided wires and an outer protective sheath when the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation has one or more layers. is shockproof by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of a heating line in a coaxial arrangement results according to the invention when the shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer is arranged below the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation surrounding the conductor, and thus directly on the conductor itself.
  • the heating cable according to the invention has no air cushions in the layer structure, the heating heat generated by the conductor thus reaches the cable / line surface without significant heat build-up, ie where it is also needed.
  • the construction of the line is problem-free in terms of production technology; the extruded polymer protective layers allow the line diameter to be kept small.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation is a heat treatment is subjected to for the purpose of sintering the polymer material the resulting shrinkage of the polytetrafluoroethylene compacting of the layer structure.
  • the line is therefore, in contrast to the known Heating cable with air cushion, also longitudinally watertight, while known Glass fiber mesh, mica tapes or inorganic foils are another have unwanted wicking and therefore for an ideal Ensure moisture transport.
  • heating tapes of the most varied of embodiments are also used. If such a heating tape consists, for example, of parallel feed wires and a heating coil contacting the conductors of these feed wires at intervals and an intermediate jacket and / or an outer jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene, then at least one jacket layer can be processed from the melt by at least one adjacent insulating layer in the implementation of the invention Shockproof fluoropolymer.
  • a heating tape with parallel, non-insulated feed conductors and a heating wire guided parallel to these and contacted with the feed conductors at intervals and a common covering made of polytetrafluoroethylene the covering is shock-protected according to the invention by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt .
  • Self-limiting heating tapes have proven to be advantageous for special applications, for example in explosion protection.
  • These heating tapes with parallel, non-insulated feeders and a semiconducting sheath enclosing them, as well as common insulation and / or an outer protective jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene are in turn the common insulation and / or Protective sheath with shock protection according to the proposal of the invention.
  • the purpose of the longitudinal water-tightness and compactness of the heating lines or heating tapes according to the invention also serves to weld or glue the shock-absorbing insulating layers to the polytetrafluoroethylene sheathings. At the same time, the bending fatigue strength of such arrangements is significantly increased.
  • the thickness of the shock absorbing layer is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm. In the case of heating cables in a coaxial arrangement and the shock-absorbing insulating layer located directly on the conductor, the thickness to be selected essentially depends on the respective conductor diameter. For example, the shock absorbing layer with a conductor diameter of 1.5 mm is 0.2 mm.
  • the invention also offers particular advantages when the conductor insulation is made a polytetrafluoroethylene tape wrapped with overlap of the edges exists, for example with a rectangular cross section.
  • the liability of adjoining layers is improved, the further gained thereby Compactness ensures high stability of the cable against kinking and bending.
  • the shock absorbing layer according to the invention consists of one of the Melt processable fluoropolymer. Since it is in a generic Heating line or a heating tape from their task to a high Permanent temperature resistance, possibly also under the influence of aggressive Media that arrives can advantageously be made from a shock absorbing layer Prepare tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA). But also the tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) or the Polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether copolymer, also known as the trade name HYFLON MFA, depending on the application, are advantageous Polymers for carrying out the invention.
  • TFA / PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
  • FEP tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention results in a Polytetrafluoroethylene - wrapping from a wound polytetrafluoroethylene - Band if this has a plano-convex cross-sectional shape. Across from The plano-convex leads common belts with a rectangular cross-sectional shape Form after winding and sintering the polytetrafluoroethylene tape into one compact casing with closed smooth outer surface. This is from particularly advantageous when the outer surface of the aggressive media Environment is exposed.
  • Another beneficial way of improving insulation quality opposite to that of rectangular ribbons is that of the ribbon Form polytetrafluoroethylene in cross section as a flat profile, with from the center edge areas tapering to both sides and on the edges regular band course.
  • PTFE strip material
  • the edges of the tape are advantageous Polytetrafluoroethylene broadly drawn, the edge width on both sides of the Band thickness determining middle range at least 45%, preferably 50 to 80% of the total width of the tape.
  • the thickness of the tape advantageously used according to the invention Polytetrafluoroethylene is 20 to 200 microns, preferably 40 to 160 microns.
  • the strip thickness decreases to 5 ⁇ m and less towards the edges. Doing so the bandwidth is expediently 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
  • the outer protective jacket made of a wound Band consists of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • Polytetrafluorethylene is a shock absorbing insulating layer made from a To arrange melt processable fluoropolymer.
  • Another beneficial one Embodiment of the invention would be the one or both sides of the protective conductor a shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a melt-processable To allow fluoropolymer to border, the protective conductor with these insulating layers include.
  • the invention is based on that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 as particularly advantageous Embodiments of electrical heating cables in a coaxial arrangement closer explained.
  • the conductor is made 1, as shown in Figure 1, for example from a number of individual Resistance wires.
  • the conductor insulation is labeled 2, it consists of a high temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene, the name "Polytetrafluoroethylene", as also above, such tetrafluoroethylene polymers includes that are provided with modifying additives, but in one Quantity that the polymer, like the PTFE itself, does not melt is processable.
  • the one used is Polytetrafluoroethylene from an initially unsintered strip or foil material, the wound in the unsintered state on the heating conductor, preferably with Overlap, for example up to 50%, and in the wound state an appropriate temperature treatment is sintered.
  • the individual band layers are fused or welded into compact insulation.
  • the protective conductor 3 consists of individual metallic wires, for example nickel-plated copper wires that are roped on the insulation 2 or for achieving as far as possible over the circumference are.
  • the heating line is closed by the jacket 4, the Appropriate, since such lines are also in the area of influence of aggressive media be used, for example in the chemical industry, from a corresponding suitable plastic material is made.
  • sheath materials have Fluoropolymers have also been found to be advantageous in extruded form be applied, or in that a winding from initially unsintered and wound sintered PTFE tapes forms the outer end of the heating cable.
  • This Layer of an extrudable fluoropolymer amorphous according to the invention dampens the impact energy applied from the outside and thus prevents one Cable damage or destruction.
  • FIG. 2 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention
  • Heating line again in a coaxial version, consists of the heating conductor 6, for example, from a large number of individual strands that are stranded or intertwined Resistance wires.
  • the conductor insulation is designated 7, it consists in present embodiment of one or more layers of a tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the shock absorbing layer 8 from a melt processable fluoropolymer.
  • This layer covers conductor 6 directly, because of the smaller in relation to the diameter of the line Conductor diameter, the wall thickness of the layer 8 can be kept extremely thin become.
  • the heating line according to the invention therefore fulfills all Safety requirements, especially those for explosion protection.
  • this heating line according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture, in some cases partly because of the simplified work steps compared to the prior art because of the smaller amounts of material, the same polymer family are to be assigned.
  • the outer jacket 10 also consists of a in this embodiment Winding from PTFE tapes, in the wound state Subjected to temperature treatment and thus to a compact coating welded or fused.
  • the special provided according to the invention Cross-sectional shape of the PTFE tape leads to a particularly smooth, in itself closed surface. Tearing open the individual layers of tape under impact or impact stress is a shock due to the solution according to the invention absorbent polymer layer from the same polymer family in the layer structure to arrange the heating cable avoided.
  • the heating line according to the invention shown in Figure 2 is also characterized by particularly favorable external dimensions.
  • the diameter of the conductor 6 is 1.4 mm
  • the wall thickness of the shock-absorbing layer 8 is 0.2 mm
  • the insulation 7 has a wall thickness of 0.6 mm
  • the thickness of the braid 9 is 0, 4 mm
  • the jacket 10 has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • insulating layers made of PTFE and PFA can alternate in the layer structure of the heating cable, for example PTFE / PFA / PTFE or also PFA / PTFE / PFA.
  • the prerequisite here is that these insulating layers each adjoin one another.
  • the effect of the invention can also be achieved if different from the Embodiments known heating cables or heating lines, too in embodiments deviating from the coaxial construction, against impact and pressure loads are to be strengthened and the PTFE coatings used there according to the invention insulating layers from the melt adjacent processible fluoropolymers.

Abstract

Electrical heating cable or tape with insulating polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) sheaths in a layer structure, in which at least one of the PTFE layers is protected from shock by at least one adjacent insulating layer of melt-processable fluoropolymer (I).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Heizleitung oder ein elektrisches Heizband mit im Schichtenaufbau angeordneten isolierenden Umhüllungen aus Polytetrafluorethylen.The present invention relates to an electrical heating line or an electrical Heating tape with insulating coatings arranged in the layer structure Polytetrafluoroethylene.

Für die unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsbereiche, beispielsweise auch für die Beheizung von aggresiven Medien, sind Heizleitungen in koaxialer Anordnung bekannt (DE-A 28 50 722), bei denen der Heizleiter von einem Fluorpolymer als Isoliermaterial umschlossen ist. Überdeckt wird diese Isolierung von einem Kupferdrahtgeflecht, wobei die Einzeldrähte zur Vermeidung von Korrosionen zusätzlich vernickelt sind. Dieses Geflecht aus den Kupferdrähten ist der elektrische Schutzleiter der Leitung, der zur Vermeidung von Unfallgefahren, beispielsweise auch durch Kurzschluß im elektrisch leitenden Teil, innerhalb der Leitung vorgesehen ist. Überdeckt wird der Schutzleiter von einem äußeren Kunststoffmantel, der zum Schutz gegen aggresive Medien der Umgebung z.B. aus einem Fluorpolymer hergestellt ist. Vorteil einer so aufgebauten koaxialen Anordnung ist neben dem weiten Einsatzbereich dieser Leitung aufgrund der hochtemperaturbeständigen und auch gegen aggresive Medien unempfindlichen Werkstoffe, daß solche Leitungen in praktisch beliebigen Längen mit hoher Flexibilität herstellbar sind.For a wide range of applications, for example also for Heating aggressive media are heating cables in a coaxial arrangement known (DE-A 28 50 722), in which the heating conductor of a fluoropolymer as Insulating material is enclosed. This insulation is covered by one Copper wire braid, using the individual wires to avoid corrosion are additionally nickel-plated. This network of copper wires is the electrical one Protective conductor of the line used to avoid accident hazards, for example also due to a short circuit in the electrically conductive part, within the line is provided. The protective conductor is covered by an external one Plastic sheath, which is used to protect against aggressive media in the environment, e.g. out is made of a fluoropolymer. Advantage of such a coaxial Arrangement is in addition to the wide range of use of this line due to resistant to high temperatures and insensitive to aggressive media Materials that such lines in practically any lengths with high Flexibility can be produced.

Ähnliches gilt für bekannte elektrische Heizbänder (GB 2 092 420 A, GB 2 130 459 A), die z.B. für sog. Rohrbegleitheizungen eingesetzt werden oder auch auf dampfgespülten Rohren für den Temperaturerhalt oder für eine Temperaturerhöhung sorgen. Schließlich sind auch sog. selbstbegrenzende Heizbänder mit einem Halbleiter-Heizelement im Einsatz. Da die Wärmeabgabe hier selbsttätig in Abhängigkeit von der Umgebungstemperatur gesteuert wird, sind solche Heizbänder für den Einsatz in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen besonders geeignet.The same applies to known electrical heating tapes (GB 2 092 420 A, GB 2 130 459 A) which e.g. be used for so-called pipe trace heating or on steam-rinsed pipes for temperature maintenance or for a Ensure temperature increase. Finally, there are also so-called self-limiting Heating tapes with a semiconductor heating element in use. Because the heat emission here is controlled automatically depending on the ambient temperature such heating tapes for use in potentially explosive areas suitable.

Nun kommt es aber immer wieder vor, daß aufgrund äußerer Betriebsbedingungen beim Einsatz von Heizleitungen, etwa in koaxialer Ausführung, bei äußerer Druckbelastung der äußere Mantel so stark verquetscht und die Isolierung vom Heizleiter weggedrückt wird, daß Schutzleiter und Heizleiter einander berühren bzw. der isolierende Abstand zwischen Schutz- und Heizleiter so gering geworden ist, daß es zu Glimm- oder Funkenentladungen kommt. Auch können bei der Beschädigung gebrochene Drähte des Schutzleiters in die Isolierung gelangen und somit zum Ausfall der gesamten Heizleitung führen. Dies sind Kriterien, die insbesondere bei solchen Heizleitungen zu berücksichtigen sind, die in explosionsgeschützten Anlagen eingesetzt werden und an die von daher besondere Sicherheitsanforderungen als vorbeugender Explosionsschutz gestellt werden. Diese Kriterien sind aber auch zu berücksichtigen im Hinblick auf die geltenden Normen ( DIN VDE 0170/0171,EN 50014 und EN 50019), die beispielsweise einen Schutzleiter verlangen, der eine hinreichende Bedeckung der Oberfläche der Leiterisolierung gewährleistet, sowie eine gesonderte Quetschprüfung mit einer anschließenden Prüfung des Isoliervermögens der Leiterisolierung. Eine Verstärkung der Wanddicke sowohl der Isolierung als auch des äußeren Mantels zur Vermeidung dieser Schwierigkeiten hilft hier nicht weiter, abgesehen davon, daß diese Maßnahmen zu einer erheblichen Durchmesservergrößerung der gesamten Leitung sowie zu einem erhöhten Kostenaufwand wegen der größeren Materialmenge an Fluorkunststoff führen.Now it happens again and again that due to external operating conditions when using heating cables, for example in a coaxial version, with external ones Pressure load on the outer jacket is squeezed and the insulation from the Heating conductor is pushed away so that protective conductor and heating conductor touch each other or the insulating distance between the protective conductor and the heating conductor has become so small, that glow or spark discharges occur. Also at the Damage broken wires of the protective conductor get into the insulation and thus lead to failure of the entire heating cable. These are criteria that are to be taken into account particularly in the case of heating cables which explosion-proof systems are used and therefore special Safety requirements are placed as preventive explosion protection. These criteria must also be taken into account with regard to the applicable ones Standards (DIN VDE 0170/0171, EN 50014 and EN 50019), for example one Protective conductors require that the surface of the Conductor insulation guaranteed, as well as a separate squeeze test with a then testing the insulation capacity of the conductor insulation. A Reinforcement of the wall thickness of both the insulation and the outer jacket to avoid these difficulties does not help here, apart from the fact that these measures lead to a significant increase in the diameter of the whole Line as well as at an increased cost because of the larger Guide the amount of fluoroplastic material.

Ein gegen äußere mechanische Belastungen widerstandsfähiges elektrisches Heizkabel mit koaxialem Schichtenaufbau ist bereits bekannt (DE-ES 101 07 429). Eine Glaskeramikbandschicht im Schichtenaufbau oberhalb der Leiterisolierung dieses Kabels soll im Zusammenwirken mit einer ebenfalls luftdurchlässigen Verstärkungsschicht Schutz gegen mechanische Beschädigungen bieten. Beidseitig dieser beiden Schichten sind luftundurchlässige Schichten aus einem extrudierfähigen Fluorpolymer vorgesehen, so daß sich zwischen ihnen ein Luftpolster ausbilden kann. Abgesehen von dieser aufwendigen sowie den Kabeldurchmesser vergrößernden Schichtenkonstruktion führt das bewußt herbeigeführte Luftpolster im Kabelinnern zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der Wärmeleitung weg vom Heizleiter an die Kabeloberfläche und damit zu einer Verschlechterung des Wirkungsgrades des Heizkabels selbst.An electrical that is resistant to external mechanical loads Heating cable with a coaxial layer structure is already known (DE-ES 101 07 429). A glass ceramic tape layer in the layer structure above the conductor insulation this cable should work in conjunction with an air-permeable one Reinforcing layer offer protection against mechanical damage. both sides these two layers are air-impermeable layers of one extrudable fluoropolymer provided so that there is a between them Can form air cushions. Apart from this elaborate as well Layer construction that increases cable diameter leads to the deliberately created Air cushions in the interior of the cable significantly impair the Heat conduction away from the heating conductor to the cable surface and thus to one Deterioration of the efficiency of the heating cable itself.

Um das zu vermeiden, dennoch aber den Forderungen der geltenden Normen nach ausreichender Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen äußere Schlag- oder Druckbeanspruchungen zu genügen, hat man bereits vorgeschlagen (EP 0 609 771 B1), unter- und/oder oberhalb des Schutzleiters bei einer gattungsgemäßen elektrischen Heizleitung eine oder mehrere Lagen eines Bandes aus mechanisch hochfesten Kunststoffen, etwa aus Polyimid, vorzusehen. Eine solche Bewicklung ist in der Lage, hohe Druckbeanspruchungen auszuhalten, äußere Schläge werden gedämpft abgefangen, eine Beschädigung der Leiterisolierung ist vermieden.In order to avoid this, however, according to the requirements of the applicable standards sufficient resistance to external impact or Sufficient pressure loads have already been proposed (EP 0 609 771 B1), below and / or above the protective conductor at one Generic electrical heating cable one or more layers of a tape made of mechanically high-strength plastics, such as polyimide. A such wrapping is able to withstand high pressure loads, external blows are absorbed dampened, damaging the Wire insulation is avoided.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik geht die Erfindung einen anderen Weg zum Schutz der im Schichtenaufbau einer Heizleitung oder eines Heizbandes befindlichen Umhüllungen ( Leiterisolierung, Zwischenmantel, äußerer Schutzmantel ) aus Polytetrafluorethylen. auch bei höchster mechanischer Krafteinwirkung durch Schlag- oder Quetschbeanspruchungen.Starting from this prior art, the invention takes a different path to protect the layer structure of a heating cable or heating tape existing coverings (conductor insulation, intermediate sheath, outer protective sheath ) made of polytetrafluoroethylene. even with the greatest mechanical force Impact or crushing stress.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist mindestens eine der Polytetrafluorethylen-Umhüllungen durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert. Dabei geht die Erfindung von der Erkenntnis aus, daß ein ausreichender Schutz gegen äußere mechanische Beanspruchungen erreicht werden kann durch das Nebeneinander von Polymerschichten aus der gleichen Polymerfamilie, aber unterschiedlicher Polymerstruktur. So ist nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung das Polytetrafluorethylen mit seiner fasrigen, sogenannte Fibrillen aufweisenden, Polymerstruktur durch das benachbarte thermoplastische Polymer mit seiner amorphen Struktur geschützt. Das ergibt sich dadurch daß bei Stoß- oder Schlagbeanspruchungen im Gegensatz zur Faserstruktur die amorphe Polymerstruktur Stoß absorbierend wirkt.According to the invention, at least one of the polytetrafluoroethylene coatings is by at least one adjacent insulating layer from a melt processable fluoropolymer shockproof. The invention is based on the Recognition that adequate protection against external mechanical Strains can be achieved through the juxtaposition of Polymer layers from the same polymer family, but different Polymer structure. So according to the proposal of the invention is the polytetrafluoroethylene with its fibrous, so-called fibril-containing, polymer structure through the neighboring thermoplastic polymer protected with its amorphous structure. This results from the fact that in contrast with impact or impact loads to the fiber structure the amorphous polymer structure has a shock absorbing effect.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergibt sich bei einer elektrischen Heizleitung in koaxialer Anordnung mit einem zentralen Leiter, einer Isolierung aus Polytetrafluorethylen und einem Schutzleiter in Form aufgeseilter oder -geflochtener Drähte sowie einem äußeren Schutzmantel dann, wenn die Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung, ein- oder mehrschichtig, durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert ist.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungform einer Heizleitung in koaxialer Anordnung ergibt sich nach der Erfindung dann, wenn unterhalb der den Leiter umschließenden Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung, und damit unmittelbar auf dem Leiter selbst, die Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer angeordnet ist. Durch die Verwendung artverwandter Werkstoffe auch für den mechanischen Schutz ist gegenüber den bekannten Heizkabeln oder -leitungen die Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit, eine notwendige Eigenschaft für Heizleitungen, wesentlich erhöht. Die erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung weist keine Luftpolster im Schichtenaufbau auf, die vom Leiter erzeugte Heizwärme gelangt somit ohne wesentlichen Wärmestau zur Kabel- / Leitungsoberfläche, also dorthin, wo sie auch gebraucht wird. Der Leitungsaufbau ist fertigungstechnisch problemlos, durch die extrudierten polymeren Schutzschichten können die Leitungsdurchmesser klein gehalten werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention results in an electrical heating line in a coaxial arrangement with a central conductor, an insulation made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a protective conductor in the form of stranded or braided wires and an outer protective sheath when the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation has one or more layers. is shockproof by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt.
A particularly advantageous embodiment of a heating line in a coaxial arrangement results according to the invention when the shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer is arranged below the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation surrounding the conductor, and thus directly on the conductor itself. Through the use of related materials for mechanical protection, the permanent temperature resistance, a necessary property for heating cables, is significantly increased compared to the known heating cables or lines. The heating cable according to the invention has no air cushions in the layer structure, the heating heat generated by the conductor thus reaches the cable / line surface without significant heat build-up, ie where it is also needed. The construction of the line is problem-free in terms of production technology; the extruded polymer protective layers allow the line diameter to be kept small.

Da in der Regel die Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung einer Temperaturbehandlung zum Zwecke des Sinterns des Polymermaterials unterworfen wird, ergibt sich durch die dadurch bewirkte Schrumpfung des Polytetrafluorethylens eine Kompaktierung des Schichtenaufbaues. Die Leitung ist daher, im Gegensatz zur bekannten Heizleitung mit Luftpolster, auch längswasserdicht, während bekannte Glasseidengeflechte, Glimmerbänder oder anorganische Folien noch eine unerwünschte Dochtwirkung aufweisen und daher für einen idealen Feuchtigkeitstransport sorgen.As a rule, the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation is a heat treatment is subjected to for the purpose of sintering the polymer material the resulting shrinkage of the polytetrafluoroethylene compacting of the layer structure. The line is therefore, in contrast to the known Heating cable with air cushion, also longitudinally watertight, while known Glass fiber mesh, mica tapes or inorganic foils are another have unwanted wicking and therefore for an ideal Ensure moisture transport.

Wie oben ausgeführt, sind neben den beschriebenen Heizleitungen in koaxialer Ausführung auch elektrische Heizbänder der unterschiedlichsten Ausführungsformen im Einsatz. Besteht ein solches Heizband beispielsweise aus parallel geführten Speiseadern und einer die Leiter dieser Speiseadern in Abständen kontaktierenden Heizwendel sowie einem Zwischenmantel und/oder einem Außenmantel aus Polytetrafluorethylen, dann ist in Durchführung der Erfindung mindestens eine Mantelschicht durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert.
Bei einer anderen Variante eines Heizbandes mit parallelen, unisolierten Speiseleitern und einem parallel zu diesen geführten und mit den Speiseleitern in Abständen kontaktierten Heizdraht sowie einer gemeinsamen Umhüllung aus Polytetrafluorethylen ist nach der Erfindung die Umhüllung durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert.
Für spezielle Anwendungen haben sich selbstbegrenzende Heizbänder als vorteilhaft erwiesen, beispielsweise im Explosionsschutz, Bei diesen Heizbändern mit parallelen, unisolierten Speiseleitern und einer diese umschließenden halbleitenden Umhüllung sowie einer gemeinsamen Isolierung und/oder einem äußeren Schutzmantel aus Polytetrafluorethylen sind wiederum die gemeinsame Isolierung und/oder der Schutzmantel nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung stoßgesichert. As stated above, in addition to the heating cables described in a coaxial design, electrical heating tapes of the most varied of embodiments are also used. If such a heating tape consists, for example, of parallel feed wires and a heating coil contacting the conductors of these feed wires at intervals and an intermediate jacket and / or an outer jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene, then at least one jacket layer can be processed from the melt by at least one adjacent insulating layer in the implementation of the invention Shockproof fluoropolymer.
In another variant of a heating tape with parallel, non-insulated feed conductors and a heating wire guided parallel to these and contacted with the feed conductors at intervals and a common covering made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the covering is shock-protected according to the invention by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt ,
Self-limiting heating tapes have proven to be advantageous for special applications, for example in explosion protection.These heating tapes with parallel, non-insulated feeders and a semiconducting sheath enclosing them, as well as common insulation and / or an outer protective jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene, are in turn the common insulation and / or Protective sheath with shock protection according to the proposal of the invention.

Dem Zweck der Längswasserdichtigkeit und Kompaktheit der erfindungsgemäßen Heizleitungen oder Heizbänder dient in Weiterführung der Erfindung auch eine Verschweißung oder Verklebung der Stoß absorbierenden Isolierschichten mit den Polytetrafluorethylen - Umhüllungen. Gleichzeitig wird die Biegewechselfestigkeit solcher Anordnungen wesentlich erhöht.
Die Dicke der Stoß absorbierenden Schicht beträgt 0,1 bis 0,8 mm, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 0,5 mm. Die zu wählende Dicke hängt im Falle von Heizleitungen in koaxialer Anordnung und auf dem Leiter unmittelbar befindlicher Stoß absorbierender Isolierschicht im wesentlichen vom jeweiligen Leiterdurchmesser ab. So beträgt die Stoß absorbierende Schicht bei einem Leiterdurchmesser von 1,5 mm beispielsweise 0,2 mm.The purpose of the longitudinal water-tightness and compactness of the heating lines or heating tapes according to the invention also serves to weld or glue the shock-absorbing insulating layers to the polytetrafluoroethylene sheathings. At the same time, the bending fatigue strength of such arrangements is significantly increased.
The thickness of the shock absorbing layer is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm. In the case of heating cables in a coaxial arrangement and the shock-absorbing insulating layer located directly on the conductor, the thickness to be selected essentially depends on the respective conductor diameter. For example, the shock absorbing layer with a conductor diameter of 1.5 mm is 0.2 mm.

Die Erfindung bietet besondere Vorteile auch dann, wenn die Leiterisolierung aus einem mit Überlappung der Kanten gewickelten Polytetrafluorethylen - Band besteht, etwa mit rechteckförmigem Querschnitt. In diesem Fall werden erfindungsgemäß die durch die Wicklung des Bandes gebildeten Zwickel mit dem Fluorpolymer der Stoß absorbierenden Schicht ausgefüllt. Die Haftung der aneinandergrenzenden Schichten wird verbessert, die dadurch gewonnene weitere Kompaktheit sichert eine hohe Stabilität der Leitung gegen Knicken und Biegen.The invention also offers particular advantages when the conductor insulation is made a polytetrafluoroethylene tape wrapped with overlap of the edges exists, for example with a rectangular cross section. In this case According to the invention the gusset formed by the winding of the tape with the Fluoropolymer filled the shock absorbing layer. The liability of adjoining layers is improved, the further gained thereby Compactness ensures high stability of the cable against kinking and bending.

Die Stoß absorbierende Schicht besteht nach der Erfindung aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer. Da es bei einer gattungsgemäßen Heizleitung oder einem Heizband von ihrer Aufgabe her auch auf eine hohe Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit, gegebenenfalls auch unter dem Einfluss aggressiver Medien, ankommt, kann man vorteilhaft die Stoß absorbierende Schicht aus einem Tetrafluorethylen - Perfluoralkylvinylether - Copolymerisat (TFA/PFA) herstellen. Aber auch das Tetrafluorethylen / Hexafluorpropylen - Copolymer (FEP) oder das Polytetrafluorethylen -Perfluormethylvinylether - Copolymerisat, auch bekannt unter dem Handelsnamen HYFLON MFA, sind, je nach Einsatzgebiet, vorteilhafte Polymere zur Durchführung der Erfindung.The shock absorbing layer according to the invention consists of one of the Melt processable fluoropolymer. Since it is in a generic Heating line or a heating tape from their task to a high Permanent temperature resistance, possibly also under the influence of aggressive Media that arrives can advantageously be made from a shock absorbing layer Prepare tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA). But also the tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) or the Polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether copolymer, also known as the trade name HYFLON MFA, depending on the application, are advantageous Polymers for carrying out the invention.

Auch andere bekannte Fluorpolymere, die aus der Schmelze verarbeitbar sind, wie das Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF) oder das Ethylen - Tetrafluorethylen (ETFE) können mitunter eine vorteilhafte Anwendung finden.Other known fluoropolymers that can be processed from the melt, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) can sometimes find an advantageous application.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergibt sich bei einer Polytetrafluorethylen - Umhüllung aus einem gewickelten Polytetrafluorethylen - Band dann, wenn dieses eine plankonvexe Querschnittsform aufweist. Gegenüber gängigen Bändern mit rechteckförmiger Querschnittsform führt die plankonvexe Form nach dem Wickeln und Sintern des Polytetrafluorethylenbandes zu einer kompakten Umhüllung mit geschlossener glatter äußerer Oberfläche. Diese ist von besonderem Vorteil dann, wenn die äußere Oberfläche aggressiven Medien der Umgebung ausgesetzt ist.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention results in a Polytetrafluoroethylene - wrapping from a wound polytetrafluoroethylene - Band if this has a plano-convex cross-sectional shape. Across from The plano-convex leads common belts with a rectangular cross-sectional shape Form after winding and sintering the polytetrafluoroethylene tape into one compact casing with closed smooth outer surface. This is from particularly advantageous when the outer surface of the aggressive media Environment is exposed.

Eine andere vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, eine Verbesserung der Isolierqualität gegenüber der aus rechteckförmigen Bändern herbeizuführen, ist die, das Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen im Querschnitt als Flachprofil auszubilden, mit von der Mitte nach beiden Seiten spitz zulaufenden Randbereichen und an den Kanten regelmäßigem Bandverlauf. Nach dem Wickeln des Bandes mit überlappenden Kanten und Sintern des Bandmaterials ( PTFE ) ergibt sich durch das Auslaufen der Bandkanten in den Überlappungsbereich hinein eine besonders glatte, in sich geschlossene Isolieroberfläche. Dabei sind vorteilhaft die Ränder des Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen breit gezogen, wobei die Randbreite beidseitig des die Banddicke bestimmenden mittleren Bereichs mindestens 45 %, vorzugsweise 50 bis 80 %, der gesamten Breite des Bandes beträgt.Another beneficial way of improving insulation quality opposite to that of rectangular ribbons is that of the ribbon Form polytetrafluoroethylene in cross section as a flat profile, with from the center edge areas tapering to both sides and on the edges regular band course. After wrapping the tape with overlapping Edging and sintering of the strip material (PTFE) results from the leakage of the Band edges in the overlap area a particularly smooth, in itself closed insulating surface. The edges of the tape are advantageous Polytetrafluoroethylene broadly drawn, the edge width on both sides of the Band thickness determining middle range at least 45%, preferably 50 to 80% of the total width of the tape.

Die Dicke des gemäß der Erfindung vorteilhaft verwendeten Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen beträgt 20 bis 200 µm, vorzugsweise 40 bis 160 µm. Die Banddicke nimmt zu den Kanten ( Rand ) hin auf 5 µm und weniger ab. Dabei wird die Bandbreite zweckmäßig 5 bis 50 mm, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 mm, betragen.The thickness of the tape advantageously used according to the invention Polytetrafluoroethylene is 20 to 200 microns, preferably 40 to 160 microns. The The strip thickness decreases to 5 µm and less towards the edges. Doing so the bandwidth is expediently 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.

Die gleichen Bandabmessungen gelten mit besonderem Vorteil auch für den Fall, daß neben der Isolierung auch der äußere Schutzmantel aus einem gewickelten Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen besteht.The same belt dimensions also apply with particular advantage if that in addition to the insulation, the outer protective jacket made of a wound Band consists of polytetrafluoroethylene.

In diesem Fall kann es mitunter vorteilhaft sein, unterhalb der Wickellage ( n ) aus Polytetrafluorethylen eine Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer anzuordnen. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wäre die, ein- oder beidseitig an den Schutzleiter eine Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer angrenzen zu lassen, den Schutzleiter also mit diesen Isolierschichten einzuschließen. In this case, it can sometimes be advantageous to leave underneath the winding layer (s) Polytetrafluorethylene is a shock absorbing insulating layer made from a To arrange melt processable fluoropolymer. Another beneficial one Embodiment of the invention would be the one or both sides of the protective conductor a shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a melt-processable To allow fluoropolymer to border, the protective conductor with these insulating layers include.

Die Erfindung sei anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 als besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen von elektrischen Heizleitungen in koaxialer Anordnung näher erläutert.The invention is based on that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 as particularly advantageous Embodiments of electrical heating cables in a coaxial arrangement closer explained.

Zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität der Heizleitung nach der Erfindung besteht der Leiter 1, wie in der Figur 1 dargestellt, beispielsweise aus einer Anzahl einzelner Widerstandsdrähte. Die Leiterisolierung ist mit 2 bezeichnet, sie besteht aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigen Polytetrafluorethylen, wobei die Bezeichnung "Polytetrafluorethylen", wie oben auch, solche Tetrafluorethylen - Polymere einschließt, die mit modifizierenden Zusätzen versehen sind, jedoch in einer solchen Menge, daß das Polymere, wie das PTFE selbst, aus der Schmelze nicht verarbeitbar ist.To increase the flexibility of the heating cable according to the invention, the conductor is made 1, as shown in Figure 1, for example from a number of individual Resistance wires. The conductor insulation is labeled 2, it consists of a high temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene, the name "Polytetrafluoroethylene", as also above, such tetrafluoroethylene polymers includes that are provided with modifying additives, but in one Quantity that the polymer, like the PTFE itself, does not melt is processable.

In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht das verwendete Polytetrafluorethylen aus einem zunächst ungesinterten Band- oder Folienmaterial, das in ungesintertem Zustand auf den Heizleiter aufgewickelt, vorzugsweise mit Überlappung, beispielsweise bis zu 50 %, und im aufgewickelten Zustand durch eine entsprechende Temperaturbehandlung gesintert wird. Die einzelnen Bandlagen werden dabei zu einer kompakten Isolierung verschmolzen oder verschweißt.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the one used is Polytetrafluoroethylene from an initially unsintered strip or foil material, the wound in the unsintered state on the heating conductor, preferably with Overlap, for example up to 50%, and in the wound state an appropriate temperature treatment is sintered. The individual band layers are fused or welded into compact insulation.

Der Schutzleiter 3 besteht aus einzelnen metallischen Drähten, etwa aus vernickelten Kupferdrähten, die auf die Isolierung 2 aufgeseilt oder zur Erzielung einer weitestgehenden, über den Umfang reichenden Bedeckung aufgeflochten sind.The protective conductor 3 consists of individual metallic wires, for example nickel-plated copper wires that are roped on the insulation 2 or for achieving as far as possible over the circumference are.

Nach außen hin ist die Heizleitung abgeschlossen durch den Mantel 4, der zweckmäßig, da solche Leitungen auch im Einflussbereich aggressiver Medien eingesetzt werden, etwa in der chemischen Industrie, aus einem entsprechend geeigneten Kunststoffmaterial hergestellt ist. Als Mantelmaterialien haben sich Fluorpolymere ebenfalls als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die in extrudierter Form aufgebracht werden, oder dadurch, daß eine Bewicklung aus zunächst ungesinterten und im gewickelten Zustand gesinterten PTFE - Bändern den äußeren Abschluss der Heizleitung bildet.To the outside, the heating line is closed by the jacket 4, the Appropriate, since such lines are also in the area of influence of aggressive media be used, for example in the chemical industry, from a corresponding suitable plastic material is made. As sheath materials have Fluoropolymers have also been found to be advantageous in extruded form be applied, or in that a winding from initially unsintered and wound sintered PTFE tapes forms the outer end of the heating cable.

Um nun zu verhindern, daß bei äußerer Druckbelastung (Schlag) der Mantel 4 verquetscht und/oder von dem Schutzleiter 3 weggedrückt wird, es also zum Schaden an der Heizleitung und gegebenenfalls zu Leitungsausfällen kommt, ist unterhalb des Mantels 4 die Stoß absorbierende Schicht 5 vorgesehen. Diese Schicht aus einem nach der Erfindung amorphen extrudierbaren Fluorpolymer dämpft die von außen aufgebrachte Schlagenergie und verhindert so eine Leitungsbeschädigung oder Zerstörung.In order to prevent the jacket 4 from being subjected to external pressure (impact) is squeezed and / or pushed away from the protective conductor 3, that is to say Damage to the heating cable and possibly line failures occurs provided the shock absorbing layer 5 below the jacket 4. This Layer of an extrudable fluoropolymer amorphous according to the invention dampens the impact energy applied from the outside and thus prevents one Cable damage or destruction.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeigt die Figur 2. Die Heizleitung, wiederum in koaxialer Ausführung, besteht aus dem Heizleiter 6, beispielsweise aus einer Vielzahl einzelner miteinander verseilter oder verflochtener Widerstandsdrähte. Die Leiterisolierung ist mit 7 bezeichnet, sie besteht im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer oder mehreren Lagen eines Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen ( PTFE ). Dieses Band im ungesinterten Zustand aufgewickelt und im gewickelten Zustand gesintert bildet zwar nach dem Sintern des PTFE - Materials eine kompakte, längswasserdichte Hülle, die auch gegen aggressive Medien unempfindlich ist, aufgrund der Materialstruktur aber nicht hinreichend geeignet ist, Schlag- oder Stoßbeanspruchungen ohne Schaden aufzunehmen. Um diese Heizleitung auch für den Einsatz unter extremen mechanischen äußeren Belastungen zu ertüchtigen, sie beispielsweise auch in explosionsgeschützten ( gefährdeten ) Anlagen einsetzen zu können, sieht die Erfindung die Stoß absorbierende Schicht 8 aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer vor. Diese Schicht überdeckt den Leiter 6 unmittelbar, wegen des im Verhältnis zum Durchmesser der Leitung geringeren Leiterdurchmessers kann die Wanddicke der Schicht 8 extrem dünn gehalten werden. Gegenüber der Lösung nach der Figur 1 wird hierdurch wesentlich an Polymermaterial eingespart, darüber hinaus führt diese Ausführungsform zu einem gegenüber dem obigen Ausführungsbeispiel, vor allem aber gegenüber dem Stand der Technik, verringerten Gesamtdurchmesser.FIG. 2 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention Heating line, again in a coaxial version, consists of the heating conductor 6, for example, from a large number of individual strands that are stranded or intertwined Resistance wires. The conductor insulation is designated 7, it consists in present embodiment of one or more layers of a tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This tape in the unsintered state wound and sintered in the wound state forms after sintering the PTFE material is a compact, longitudinally watertight cover that can also be used against aggressive media is insensitive, but not due to the material structure is sufficiently suitable for impact or shock loads without damage take. To this heating cable also for use under extreme mechanical external loads, for example in sees the use of explosion-protected (endangered) systems Invention the shock absorbing layer 8 from a melt processable fluoropolymer. This layer covers conductor 6 directly, because of the smaller in relation to the diameter of the line Conductor diameter, the wall thickness of the layer 8 can be kept extremely thin become. Compared to the solution according to FIG. 1, this makes a significant difference Polymer material saved, moreover, this embodiment leads to one compared to the above embodiment, but especially compared to the state technology, reduced overall diameter.

Durch die Schicht 8, die aufgrund der Materialstruktur gleichsam als nachgiebige Pufferschicht bei Schlageinwirkung auf die Leitung wirkt, wird die angrenzende Leiterisolierung 7 mechanisch geschützt. Die Isolierung wird nicht vom Leiter 6 weggequetscht oder -gedrückt, ihre Isolierwirkung bleibt erhalten. Ein äußerer Schlag wird gedämpft abgefangen, eine Beschädigung der Leiterisolierung 7 ist nicht zu befürchten. Dieser erfindungsgemäße Leitungsaufbau verstärkt die werkstoffspezifischen Eigenschaften von PTFE und PFA (TFA, MFA) wesentlich. Die höhere Härte von PTFE gekoppelt mit der höheren Elastizität von PFA beispielsweise führen in dieser Verbundkonstruktion zu einer erheblichen Steigerung der Druck- und Stoßbelastbarkeit bzw. Standfestigkeit. Through the layer 8, which due to the material structure as it were as compliant Buffer layer acts on the line when impacted, the adjacent Conductor insulation 7 mechanically protected. The insulation is not removed from conductor 6 squeezed or pressed away, their insulating effect is retained. An outside Impact is absorbed dampened, the conductor insulation 7 is damaged not to fear. This line structure according to the invention reinforces the material-specific properties of PTFE and PFA (TFA, MFA) essential. The higher hardness of PTFE coupled with the higher elasticity of PFA For example, this composite construction leads to a considerable one Increase in pressure and shock resistance or stability.

Da der Unterbau bei Schlag- / Stoßeinwirkung unbeschädigt bleibt, besteht auch keine Gefahr eines Drahtbruchs innerhalb des Schutzleiters 9 bzw. eines Ausfalls der Heizleitung durch gebrochene Drähte, die durch eine beschädigte Isolierung 7 hindurchdringen könnten. Die erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung erfüllt daher alle Sicherheitsforderungen, insbesondere auch die für den Explosionsschutz. Darüber hinaus ist diese erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung kostengünstig herstellbar, teils wegen der gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vereinfachten Arbeitsschritte, teils wegen der geringeren Materialmengen, die zudem noch der gleichen Polymerfamilie zuzuordnen sind. Ein besonderer Vorteil dann, wenn eine hohe Dauertemperaturbeständigkeit gefordert wird, beispielsweise in Heißdampfreinigungsanlagen mit Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 300° und 320° C.Since the substructure remains undamaged when impacted, it also exists no risk of a wire break within the protective conductor 9 or a failure the heating cable due to broken wires which are damaged by insulation 7 could get through. The heating line according to the invention therefore fulfills all Safety requirements, especially those for explosion protection. About that In addition, this heating line according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture, in some cases partly because of the simplified work steps compared to the prior art because of the smaller amounts of material, the same polymer family are to be assigned. A particular advantage when a high Permanent temperature resistance is required, for example in Steam cleaning systems with operating temperatures between 300 ° and 320 ° C.

Der äußere Mantel 10 besteht in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls aus einer Wicklung aus PTFE - Bändern, im gewickelten Zustand einer Temperaturbehandlung unterworfen und damit zu einer kompakten Umhüllung verschweißt oder verschmolzen. Die nach der Erfindung vorgesehene besondere Querschnittsform des PTFE - Bandes führt zu einer besonders glatten, in sich geschlossenen Oberfläche. Ein Aufreißen der einzelnen Bandlagen unter Schlag- oder Stoßbeanspruchung ist durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung, eine Stoß absorbierende Polymerschicht aus der gleichen Polymerfamilie im Schichtenaufbau der Heizleitung anzuordnen, vermieden.The outer jacket 10 also consists of a in this embodiment Winding from PTFE tapes, in the wound state Subjected to temperature treatment and thus to a compact coating welded or fused. The special provided according to the invention Cross-sectional shape of the PTFE tape leads to a particularly smooth, in itself closed surface. Tearing open the individual layers of tape under impact or impact stress is a shock due to the solution according to the invention absorbent polymer layer from the same polymer family in the layer structure to arrange the heating cable avoided.

Die erfindungsgemäße Heizleitung entsprechend Figur 2 zeichnet sich auch durch besonders günstige äußere Abmessungen aus. Bei einem Gesamtdurchmesser von z. B. 4,8 mm beträgt der Durchmesser des Leiters 6 1,4 mm, die Wanddicke der Stoß absorbierenden Schicht 8 beträgt 0,2 mm, die Isolierung 7 hat eine Wanddicke von 0,6 mm, die Dicke des Geflechtes 9 beträgt 0,4 mm und der Mantel 10 weist eine Wanddicke von 0,5 mm auf.
Abweichend von der bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach der Fig. 2 sind auch andere Varianten möglich. So können sich Isolierschichten aus PTFE und PFA beispielsweise im Schichtenaufbau der Heizleitung abwechseln, etwa PTFE / PFA /PTFE oder auch PFA / PTFE / PFA, Voraussetzung dabei ist wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen, daß diese Isolierschichten jeweils aneinandergrenzen.The heating line according to the invention shown in Figure 2 is also characterized by particularly favorable external dimensions. With a total diameter of z. B. 4.8 mm, the diameter of the conductor 6 is 1.4 mm, the wall thickness of the shock-absorbing layer 8 is 0.2 mm, the insulation 7 has a wall thickness of 0.6 mm, the thickness of the braid 9 is 0, 4 mm and the jacket 10 has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm.
Deviating from the preferred embodiment according to FIG. 2, other variants are also possible. For example, insulating layers made of PTFE and PFA can alternate in the layer structure of the heating cable, for example PTFE / PFA / PTFE or also PFA / PTFE / PFA. As in the exemplary embodiments, the prerequisite here is that these insulating layers each adjoin one another.

Der erfindungsgemäße Effekt läßt sich auch erreichen, wenn abweichend von den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen bekannte Heizkabel oder Heizleitungen, auch in von der koaxialen Konstruktion abweichenden Ausführungsformen, gegen Stoß- und Druckbeanspruchungen zu ertüchtigen sind und an die dort verwendeten PTFE-Umhüllungen nach der Erfindung Isolierschichten aus aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymeren angrenzen.The effect of the invention can also be achieved if different from the Embodiments known heating cables or heating lines, too in embodiments deviating from the coaxial construction, against impact and pressure loads are to be strengthened and the PTFE coatings used there according to the invention insulating layers from the melt adjacent processible fluoropolymers.

Claims (22)

Elektrische Heizleitung oder elektrisches Heizband mit im Schichtenaufbau angeordneten isolierenden Umhüllungen aus Polytetrafluorethylen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine der Polytetrafluorethylen - Umhüllungen durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert ist.Electrical heating cable or electrical heating tape with insulating sheaths made of polytetrafluoroethylene arranged in the layer structure, characterized in that at least one of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheaths is shock-protected by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt. Elektrische Heizleitung nach Anspruch 1 in koaxialer Anordnung mit einem zentralen Leiter, einer Isolierung aus Polytetrafluorethylen und einem Schutzleiter in Form aufgeseilter oder -geflochtener metallischer Drähte sowie einem äußeren Schutzmantel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung, ein- oder mehrschichtig, durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert ist.Electrical heating cable according to claim 1 in a coaxial arrangement with a central conductor, an insulation made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a protective conductor in the form of stranded or braided metallic wires and an outer protective sheath, characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation, one or more layers, by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a melt-processible fluoropolymer is shockproof. Elektrische Heizleitung nach Anspruch 2 in koaxialer Anordnung mit einer den zentralen Leiter umschließenden einschichtigen Isolierung aus Polytetrafluorethylen und einem diese überdeckenden Schutzleiter sowie einem äußeren Schutzmantel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der Polytetrafluorethylen - Isolierung, und damit unmittelbar auf dem Leiter, eine Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer angeordnet ist.Electrical heating cable according to Claim 2 in a coaxial arrangement with a single-layer insulation made of polytetrafluoroethylene surrounding the central conductor and a protective conductor covering this, as well as an outer protective sheath, characterized in that a shock-absorbing insulating layer consists of below the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation, and thus directly on the conductor a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt is arranged. Elektrisches Heizband nach Anspruch 1 mit parallelen, aus isolierten elektrischen Leitern bestehenden Speiseadern und einer die Leiter dieser Speiseadern in Abständen kontaktierenden Heizwendel sowie einem Zwischenmantel und/oder einem Außenmantel aus Polytetrafluorethylen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Mantelschicht durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert ist.Electrical heating tape according to claim 1 with parallel, consisting of insulated electrical conductors feed wires and a heating coil contacting the conductors of these feed wires at intervals as well as an intermediate jacket and / or an outer jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene, characterized in that at least one jacket layer consists of at least one adjacent insulating layer the melt processable fluoropolymer is shockproof. Elektrisches Heizband nach Anspruch 1 mit parallelen, unisolierten Speiseleitern und einem parallel zu diesen geführten und mit den Speiseleitern in Abständen kontaktierten Heizdraht sowie einer gemeinsamen Umhüllung aus einem Polytetrafluorethylen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umhüllung durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert ist.Electrical heating tape according to claim 1 with parallel, non-insulated feed conductors and a heating wire guided parallel thereto and contacted with the feed conductors at intervals and a common covering made of polytetrafluoroethylene, characterized in that the covering is provided by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of a fluoropolymer that can be processed from the melt is shockproof. Elektrisches Heizband nach Anspruch 1 mit parallelen, unisolierten Speiseleitern und einer diese umschließenden halbleitenden Umhüllung sowie einer gemeinsamen Isolierung und/oder einem äußeren Schutzmantel aus Polytetrafluorethylen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemeinsame Isolierung und/oder der Schutzmantel durch mindestens eine angrenzende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer stoßgesichert ist.Electrical heating tape according to claim 1 with parallel, non-insulated feeders and a semiconducting sheath enclosing them and a common insulation and / or an outer protective jacket made of polytetrafluoroethylene, characterized in that the common insulation and / or the protective jacket by at least one adjacent insulating layer made of one of the Melt processable fluoropolymer is shockproof. Heizleitung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Stoß absorbierenden Isolierschicht 0,1 bis 0,8 mm, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 0,5 mm, in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Leiterdurchmesser, beträgt.Heating cable according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the thickness of the shock-absorbing insulating layer is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm, depending on the respective conductor diameter. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht mit der Polytetrafluorethylen - Umhüllung (Isolierung, Mantel) verschweißt oder verklebt ist.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer is welded or glued to the polytetrafluoroethylene sheathing (insulation, jacket). Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden mit einer Umhüllung aus einem mit Überlappung der Kanten gewickelten Polytetrafluorethylen - Band, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durch die Wicklung des Bandes gebildeten Zwickel mit dem Fluorpolymer der Stoß absorbierenden Isolierschicht ausgefüllt sind.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 1 or one of the following with a covering made of a polytetrafluoroethylene tape wound with an overlap of the edges, characterized in that the gusset formed by the winding of the tape is filled with the fluoropolymer of the shock-absorbing insulating layer. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem Tetrafluorethylen - Perfluoralkylvinylether - Copolymerisat (TFA/PFA) besteht.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer consists of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA). Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem Tetrafluorethylen / Hexafluorpropylen - Copolymer (FEP) besteht. Heating line or heating tape according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer consists of a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP). Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem Polytetrafluorethylen - Perfluormethylvinylether (MFA) besteht.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the shock-absorbing insulating layer consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (MFA). Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Polytetrafluorethylen der Umhüllung gesintert ist.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene of the sheath is sintered. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen eine rechteckförmige Querschnittsform aufweist.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 9, characterized in that the tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen eine plankonvexe Querschnittsform aufweist.Heating cable or heating tape according to claim 9, characterized in that the tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene has a plano-convex cross-sectional shape. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen im Querschnitt als Flachprofil ausgebildet ist, mit von der Mitte nach beiden Seiten spitz zulaufenden Randbereichen und an den Kanten regelmäßigem Bandverlauf.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 9, characterized in that the tape is made of polytetrafluoroethylene in cross section as a flat profile, with edge areas tapering from the center to both sides and a regular tape course on the edges. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ränder des Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen breit gezogen sind, wobei die Randbreite beidseitig des die Banddicke bestimmenden mittleren Bereiches mindestens 45 %, vorzugsweise 50 bis 80 %, der gesamten Breite des Bandes beträgt.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 16, characterized in that the edges of the tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene are drawn wide, the edge width on both sides of the central area determining the tape thickness being at least 45%, preferably 50 to 80%, of the total width of the tape. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 15 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke des Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen 20 bis 200 µm, vorzugsweise 40 bis 160 µm, beträgt, die zu den Kanten ( Rand ) hin auf 5 µm und weniger abnimmt.Heating cable or heating tape according to claim 15 or one of the following, characterized in that the thickness of the tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene is 20 to 200 µm, preferably 40 to 160 µm, which decreases to 5 µm and less towards the edges. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Breite des Bandes aus Polytetrafluorethylen 5 bis 50 mm, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 mm, aufweist. Heating line or heating tape according to claim 18, characterized in that the width of the tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene is 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der äußere Schutzmantel aus einem gewickelten Band aus Polytetrafluorethylen besteht.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the outer protective jacket consists of a wound tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der Wickellage(n) aus Polytetrafluorethylen eine Stoß absorbierende Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer angeordnet ist.Heating line or heating tape according to Claim 20, characterized in that a shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a fluoropolymer which can be processed from the melt is arranged below the winding layer (s) made of polytetrafluoroethylene. Heizleitung oder Heizband nach Anspruch 2 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein- oder beidseitig an den Schutzleiter eine Stoß absorbierenden Isolierschicht aus einem aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Fluorpolymer angrenzt.Heating line or heating tape according to claim 2 or one of the following, characterized in that a shock-absorbing insulating layer made of a melt-processable fluoropolymer adjoins the protective conductor on one or both sides.
EP04010990A 2003-06-05 2004-05-08 Electrical heating cable or heating band Active EP1484945B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10325517 2003-06-05
DE10325517A DE10325517A1 (en) 2003-06-05 2003-06-05 Electric heating cable or heating tape

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EP1484945A1 true EP1484945A1 (en) 2004-12-08
EP1484945B1 EP1484945B1 (en) 2006-04-26

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US (1) US7220916B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1484945B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE324765T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2469775A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10325517A1 (en)
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RU (1) RU2342807C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20042302L (en) 2004-12-06
US20050016757A1 (en) 2005-01-27
DE502004000457D1 (en) 2006-06-01
RU2004130929A (en) 2006-04-10
DE10325517A1 (en) 2004-12-23
CA2469775A1 (en) 2004-12-05
US7220916B2 (en) 2007-05-22
RU2342807C2 (en) 2008-12-27
EP1484945B1 (en) 2006-04-26
ATE324765T1 (en) 2006-05-15

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