EP1586353A1 - Method and device for measuring efficacy of a sportive activity - Google Patents

Method and device for measuring efficacy of a sportive activity Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1586353A1
EP1586353A1 EP04405233A EP04405233A EP1586353A1 EP 1586353 A1 EP1586353 A1 EP 1586353A1 EP 04405233 A EP04405233 A EP 04405233A EP 04405233 A EP04405233 A EP 04405233A EP 1586353 A1 EP1586353 A1 EP 1586353A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
attribute
heart rate
reference population
athlete
accelerometer
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Granted
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EP04405233A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1586353B1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Onillon
Rolf Vetter
Jérôme Cornuz
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Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Priority to DE200460004243 priority Critical patent/DE602004004243D1/en
Priority to EP20040405233 priority patent/EP1586353B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0028—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for running, jogging or speed-walking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/40—Acceleration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
    • A63B2230/04—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations
    • A63B2230/06—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations heartbeat rate only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of physical activities. It relates to, more particularly, a method and a device for measuring the efficiency of a sporting gesture.
  • the training aims to improve its efficiency, or efficiency, which can be defined by the ratio of energy expended to energy cost by the movement and / or movement of the athlete.
  • Improving efficiency also means reducing the denominator the report "energy spent / energy cost”.
  • the problem lies essentially on material aspects of the athlete's equipment.
  • the energy cost of the movement requires an improvement in technical mastery of the gesture in question. Its effectiveness is directly related to difficult to quantify parameters (support orientation, relaxation of antagonistic muscles in the working phases and agonist muscles in the rest phases, parasitic movements ).
  • the present invention aims to enable an athlete to evaluate the effectiveness of his technique, without needing an outside look.
  • the invention provides also, especially for coaches, a rational way to quantify the technical progress of the athlete.
  • the attribute A is the standard deviation of the signal supplied by the accelerometer.
  • the stride is modeled through the center of gravity of the runner, who has sinusoidal motion.
  • the effectiveness of the stride translates into a constant speed and a minimized acceleration of the center of gravity, in a vertical direction.
  • the athlete is equipped with a device the invention, comprising a device for measuring the heart rate or heart rate monitor 10 of type known as, for example, that marketed by the firm Polar®.
  • the measurement is done through a probe incorporated in a chest strap 12 disposed on the thorax of the athletic. It transmits a signal received by a wristwatch 13 equipped for the process and display the instantaneous heart rate, including in the form a percentage of the athlete's maximum heart rate.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises an accelerometer 14 in solidarity with the runner's chest. It is, for example, attached to the belt 12 of the Heart.
  • the sensor used is of the ADXL type 202E marketed by the firm Analog Devices and provides a signal representative of the acceleration that the rider's center of gravity undergoes in the three directions of space.
  • a processing circuit 15 receives the signal from the accelerometer 14 conveyed by transmission means, consisting of a transmitter 16a and a receiver 17, respectively associated with the accelerometer 14 and the processing circuit 15. To avoid any disturbance caused by background noise or artefact, the signal is corrected by a band pass type filter 18 before to arrive at the processing circuit 15. The latter also receives a transmitter 16b information from the heart rate monitor 10 relating to the frequency heart rate and at maximum heart rate percentage.
  • Circuit 15 processes this information so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the gesture the athlete, as will be described below.
  • the processing circuit 15 is housed in the watch 13 and the transmission means 16 and 17 are wireless.
  • the transmission frequencies of the signals of the heart rate sensor 10 and the accelerometer 14 are protected from each other to avoid any disturbance.
  • the device still comprises, placed at the output of the processing circuit 15, signaling means 19 to inform the athlete about the effectiveness of His gesture.
  • the signaling can be sound and the means 19 are then consisting of a loudspeaker also housed in the watch 13.
  • the attribute A extracted at 22 is the standard deviation of the acceleration signal of the torso delivered by the accelerometer 14. Every 5 seconds, this standard deviation is estimated on the basis of the measurements made during the last 10 seconds.
  • the normalization 23 of the attribute A is necessary for the subsequent comparison. Since the frequency of the stride has a direct impact on the acceleration experienced by the torso of the runner, this normalization is performed with respect to this frequency, directly extracted from the signal supplied by the accelerometer 14, advantageously by the zero crossing method of the signal. Indeed, according to the sinusoidal modeling of the displacement of the center of gravity of the runner, there are two passages by zero of the signal in each of the periods.
  • the reference value used for the comparison operation 24, contained in the memory 21, is the average AT of the attribute, obtained for a reference population.
  • the effectiveness of the stride is not the same during a simple jog or competition. It is therefore necessary to compare the attributes of the subject and the reference runners at a similar intensity of effort.
  • the average AT of the attribute is stored in the memory, at the factory, for different values of a stress parameter P i , which is a percentage of the maximum heart rate.
  • the attributes of the reference population are obtained by running its limbs at stable threshold intensities, typically 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% of their maximum heart rate. These percentages, given as an example, correspond to an audience of endurance runners.
  • the microprocessor 20 searches the memory 21 for the reference value AT corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate indicated by the heart rate monitor 10. This value is either directly extracted from the memory if the percentage corresponds to a threshold intensity, or calculated by interpolation if the percentage is between two values of the parameter P i .
  • the comparison between the measured attribute A and its mean reference value AT is advantageously carried out, typically every five seconds, by means of the Mahalanobis formula. This allows, in the case where several attributes are taken into account in the comparison, to weight the calculation by the influence of each attribute according to its reliability. To do this, it involves a standardization by the covariance matrix of the average attributes of the reference population.
  • the difference d from the comparison 24 is an index of the effectiveness of the stride. It is transcribed at 25 by the signaling means 19. A correlation scale is stored for this purpose in the memory 21 to make the calculated index significant by associating it with a frequency of an intermittent sound signal. Thus, for example, the larger the difference calculated using the Mahalanobis formula, the higher the frequency of the signal.
  • the index can also be displayed digitally on the screen of the watch 13.
  • the runners constituting the reference population were chosen according to their performances and the quality of their stride, judged by experts in the discipline according to traditional criteria. A runner having a little academic style will not be taken into account in this sampling, so as not to distort the reference values.
  • the device can also be adapted to other sports than running. modifying the position of the accelerometer.
  • modifying the position of the accelerometer In particular, in cycling, it is interesting to analyze the pedaling by having a sensor on the foot or on the biker's ankle.
  • gymnasts may also have recourse to a apparatus according to the invention to study their rotation during acrobatics. In this case, the use of a heart rate monitor and the taking into account of the intensity of the effort to make the comparison is not mandatory.
  • the heart rate monitor implemented in the device can also operate on the basis of any other measurement system, such as for example, an optical measurement described in EP 1 297 784 A1.

Abstract

The method involves extracting an attribute of a signal provided by an accelerometer (14) carried by a sportsman to determine acceleration related to activity of the sportsman. The attribute is compared with an average value of the attributes corresponding to percentage of maximal cardiac frequency provided by a cardiofrequency meter (10) carried by the sportsman. A representation of efficacy of activity is created. An independent claim is also included for a device for measuring an efficacy of sportsman activity.

Description

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des activités physiques. Elle concerne, plus particulièrement, un procédé et un dispositif pour la mesure de l'efficacité d'un geste sportif.The invention relates to the field of physical activities. It relates to, more particularly, a method and a device for measuring the efficiency of a sporting gesture.

Pour tout sportif, compétiteur ou amateur, qui cherche à progresser, l'entraínement vise à améliorer son efficacité, ou rendement, qui peut être définie par le rapport entre l'énergie dépensée et le coût énergétique requis par le mouvement et/ou le déplacement du sportif.For any sportsman, competitor or amateur, who wants to progress, the training aims to improve its efficiency, or efficiency, which can be defined by the ratio of energy expended to energy cost by the movement and / or movement of the athlete.

Si l'on prend l'exemple du skieur de fond, on comprend bien, en effet, que sur un parcours donné, un sportif doit, pour être plus performant, soit augmenter l'énergie qu'il dépense, soit améliorer sa technique et sa qualité de glisse.If we take the example of the cross-country skier, we understand, indeed, that given course, an athlete must, in order to be more efficient, to increase the energy he spends, to improve his technique and his gliding quality.

De manière classique, l'entraínement se focalise sur l'augmentation du numérateur du rapport mentionné ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire l'énergie dépensée. De nombreux travaux sur la physiologie du sport ont permis de développer des théories et des exercices pour améliorer les capacités physiques du sportif. Ils sont basés sur un critère essentiel, facilement accessible : la fréquence cardiaque. Cependant, cet entraínement physique implique des efforts importants pour des progrès généralement lents.In a classic way, the training focuses on increasing the numerator of the report mentioned above, ie the energy expended. Many studies on the physiology of sport have helped to develop theories and exercises to improve the physical capabilities of the athletic. They are based on an essential criterion, easily accessible: the cardiac frequency. However, this physical training involves significant efforts for generally slow progress.

L'amélioration de l'efficacité passe aussi par une diminution du dénominateur du rapport « énergie dépensée / coût énergétique ». Pour ce qui concerne le coût énergétique du mouvement ou déplacement, le problème repose essentiellement sur des aspects matériels de l'équipement du sportif. Par contre, le coût énergétique du mouvement passe par une amélioration de la maítrise technique du geste en question. Son efficacité est directement liée à des paramètres difficiles à quantifier (orientation des appuis, relâchement des muscles antagonistes dans les phases de travail et des muscles agonistes dans les phases de repos, mouvements parasites... ). Improving efficiency also means reducing the denominator the report "energy spent / energy cost". Regarding the energy cost of movement or displacement, the problem lies essentially on material aspects of the athlete's equipment. By However, the energy cost of the movement requires an improvement in technical mastery of the gesture in question. Its effectiveness is directly related to difficult to quantify parameters (support orientation, relaxation of antagonistic muscles in the working phases and agonist muscles in the rest phases, parasitic movements ...).

L'analyse de ces paramètres nécessite, le plus souvent, la présence d'une personne extérieure avisée, capable d'analyser le geste du sportif et de prodiguer les conseils adéquats. Mais ceci repose, généralement, davantage sur le coup d'oeil et l'expérience de l'observateur que sur de réelles mesures scientifiques.The analysis of these parameters requires, most often, the presence of a informed outside person, able to analyze the gesture of the sportsman and provide adequate advice. But this relies, generally, more on the look and experience of the observer that on real measures scientists.

La présente invention a pour but de permettre à un sportif d'évaluer l'efficacité de sa technique, sans avoir besoin d'un regard extérieur. L'invention fournit aussi, particulièrement pour les entraíneurs, un moyen rationnel permettant de quantifier les progrès techniques du sportif.The present invention aims to enable an athlete to evaluate the effectiveness of his technique, without needing an outside look. The invention provides also, especially for coaches, a rational way to quantify the technical progress of the athlete.

De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne un procédé de mesure de l'efficacité du geste d'un sportif. Il comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • extraction d'au moins un attribut A du signal fourni par un accéléromètre placé sur le sportif de manière à capter l'accélération liée à ce geste,
  • comparaison de cet attribut avec la valeur moyenne A du même attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence et stockée dans une mémoire, et
  • production d'une représentation de l'efficacité du geste.
More specifically, the invention relates to a method for measuring the effectiveness of an athlete's gesture. It includes the following steps:
  • extracting at least one attribute A from the signal provided by an accelerometer placed on the athlete so as to capture the acceleration associated with this gesture,
  • comparison of this attribute with the average value AT the same attribute, obtained for a reference population and stored in a memory, and
  • production of a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture.

Selon l'invention, la comparaison s'effectue entre :

  • l'attribut A, et
  • sa valeur moyenne A , obtenue pour une population de référence, correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale fourni par un cardiofréquencemètre porté par le sportif.
According to the invention, the comparison is carried out between:
  • attribute A , and
  • its average value AT , obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate provided by a heart rate monitor worn by the athlete.

Avantageusement, l'attribut A est l'écart-type du signal fourni par l'accéléromètre.Advantageously, the attribute A is the standard deviation of the signal supplied by the accelerometer.

L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mesure de l'efficacité d'un geste sportif. Il comprend :

  • un accéléromètre placé sur un sportif de manière à fournir un signal représentatif de ce geste,
  • un circuit de traitement doté d'un microprocesseur et d'une mémoire, recevant le signal, le microprocesseur étant programmé pour effectuer, à intervalles déterminés, les opérations suivantes :
    • extraction d'au moins un attribut A du signal de l'accéléromètre,
    • comparaison de l'attribut A avec la valeur moyenne A du même attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence et stockée dans ladite mémoire, et
    • production d'une représentation de l'efficacité du geste, et
  • des moyens de signalisation pour transmettre au sportif cette représentation.
The invention also relates to a device for measuring the effectiveness of a sporting gesture. He understands :
  • an accelerometer placed on an athlete so as to provide a signal representative of this gesture,
  • a processing circuit provided with a microprocessor and a memory receiving the signal, the microprocessor being programmed to perform, at determined intervals, the following operations:
    • extracting at least one attribute A from the accelerometer signal,
    • comparison of the attribute A with the average value AT of the same attribute, obtained for a reference population and stored in said memory, and
    • production of a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture, and
  • signaling means for transmitting to the athlete this representation.

De manière avantageuse, le dispositif comporte, en outre, un appareil de mesure de la fréquence cardiaque destiné à fournir au circuit de traitement des informations relatives à la fréquence cardiaque du sportif. Ce circuit de traitement est programmé pour effectuer l'opération de comparaison entre :

  • l'attribut A , et
  • sa valeur moyenne A , obtenue pour une population de référence, correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale fourni par un cardiofréquencemètre porté par le sportif.
Advantageously, the device further comprises a heart rate measuring device intended to supply the processing circuit with information relating to the athlete's heart rate. This processing circuit is programmed to perform the comparison operation between:
  • attribute A , and
  • its average value AT , obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate provided by a heart rate monitor worn by the athlete.

La comparaison est effectuée selon l'équation :

Figure 00030001
dans laquelle :

  • d (ƒc) est l'écart entre le coureur et la population de référence pour un pourcentage donné ƒc de la fréquence cardiaque maximale,
  • ρ /  est la valeur de l'attribut déterminé pour le coureur ou, dans le cas général, un vecteur dont les composantes sont les différents attributs mesurés pour ce dernier,
  • ρ / µ reƒ est la moyenne de l'attribut déterminé pour la population de référence ou, dans le cas général, le vecteur dont les composantes sont les valeurs moyennes des attributs pour ladite population de référence,
  • C ƒc est la matrice de covariance des valeurs moyennes des attributs de la population de référence, et
  • T indique que la matrice correspondante est transposée.
The comparison is made according to the equation:
Figure 00030001
in which :
  • d ( ƒc ) is the distance between the runner and the reference population for a given percentage ƒc of the maximum heart rate,
  • ρ /  is the value of the attribute determined for the runner or, in the general case, a vector whose components are the different attributes measured for the runner,
  • ρ / μ reƒ is the mean of the attribute determined for the reference population or, in the general case, the vector whose components are the mean values of the attributes for said reference population,
  • C ƒc is the covariance matrix of the mean values of the attributes of the reference population, and
  • T indicates that the corresponding matrix is transposed.

Le dispositif peut comporter encore l'une ou l'autre des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • le circuit de traitement et les moyens de signalisation sont logés dans une montre portée par le sportif,
  • les moyens de signalisation sont sonores et sont agencés de manière à produire un son intermittent dont la fréquence est corrélée à la représentation de l'efficacité du geste.
The device may further include one or more of the following features:
  • the processing circuit and the signaling means are housed in a watch worn by the athlete,
  • the signaling means are sound and are arranged to produce an intermittent sound whose frequency is correlated to the representation of the effectiveness of the gesture.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • les figures 1a et 1 b sont des représentations schématiques du dispositif selon l'invention ; et
  • la figure 2 illustre la méthode de traitement de données utilisée dans un tel dispositif.
Other characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • Figures 1a and 1b are schematic representations of the device according to the invention; and
  • Figure 2 illustrates the data processing method used in such a device.

Pour décrire l'invention, on prendra l'exemple d'un coureur à pied, représenté sur la figure 1, dont on cherche à évaluer l'efficacité de la foulée.To describe the invention, we will take the example of a foot runner, shown in Figure 1, which seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the stride.

Selon les théories de la course à pied, l'efficacité de course est déterminée par les points suivants. Le coureur doit :

  • se tenir pratiquement perpendiculaire au sol ;
  • axer ses mouvements dans la direction du déplacement ;
  • choisir un angle d'atterrissage approprié pour que l'énergie de l'appui soit recyclée au maximum ;
  • avoir une fréquence de foulée élevée ;
  • coordonner les mouvements de ses bras et de ses jambes ;
  • conserver ses hanches en ligne avec ses épaules et sa tête ; et
  • avoir un pivotement rapide de la cheville après la pose du pied de manière à avoir une meilleure poussée.
According to the theories of running, running efficiency is determined by the following points. The rider must:
  • stand almost perpendicular to the ground;
  • to orientate his movements in the direction of movement;
  • choose an appropriate landing angle so that the energy of the support is recycled as much as possible;
  • have a high stride frequency;
  • coordinate the movements of his arms and legs;
  • keep his hips in line with his shoulders and head; and
  • have a quick pivoting of the ankle after the laying of the foot so as to have a better thrust.

Tous ces paramètres, ou attributs, peuvent être évalués ou quantifiés, mais ils sont complexes à réunir dans une seule équation. Dans ce qui suit, par souci de simplification, la foulée est modélisée par le biais du centre de gravité du coureur, qui a un mouvement sinusoïdal. L'efficacité de la foulée se traduit par une vitesse constante et une accélération minimisée du centre de gravité, selon une direction verticale.All of these parameters, or attributes, can be evaluated or quantified, but they are complex to unite in one equation. In what follows, for the sake of simplification, the stride is modeled through the center of gravity of the runner, who has sinusoidal motion. The effectiveness of the stride translates into a constant speed and a minimized acceleration of the center of gravity, in a vertical direction.

Comme l'illustre la figure 1, le sportif est équipé d'un dispositif selon l'invention, comprenant un appareil de mesure de la fréquence cardiaque ou cardiofréquencemètre 10 de type connu comme, par exemple, celui commercialisé par la firme Polar®. La mesure se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une sonde incorporée dans une ceinture pectorale 12 disposée sur le thorax du sportif. Elle émet un signal reçu par une montre bracelet 13 équipée pour le traiter et afficher la fréquence cardiaque instantanée, y compris sous forme d'un pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale du sportif.As illustrated in Figure 1, the athlete is equipped with a device the invention, comprising a device for measuring the heart rate or heart rate monitor 10 of type known as, for example, that marketed by the firm Polar®. The measurement is done through a probe incorporated in a chest strap 12 disposed on the thorax of the athletic. It transmits a signal received by a wristwatch 13 equipped for the process and display the instantaneous heart rate, including in the form a percentage of the athlete's maximum heart rate.

Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend, en outre, un accéléromètre 14 solidaire de la poitrine du coureur. Il est, par exemple, fixé à la ceinture 12 du cardiofréquencemètre. Avantageusement, le capteur utilisé est du type ADXL 202E commercialisé par la firme Analog Devices et fournit un signal représentatif de l'accélération que le centre de gravité du coureur subit dans les trois directions de l'espace.The device according to the invention further comprises an accelerometer 14 in solidarity with the runner's chest. It is, for example, attached to the belt 12 of the Heart. Advantageously, the sensor used is of the ADXL type 202E marketed by the firm Analog Devices and provides a signal representative of the acceleration that the rider's center of gravity undergoes in the three directions of space.

Un circuit de traitement 15 reçoit le signal de l'accéléromètre 14 acheminé par des moyens de transmission, constitués d'un émetteur 16a et d'un récepteur 17, respectivement associés à l'accéléromètre 14 et au circuit de traitement 15. Pour éviter toute perturbation induite par un bruit de fond ou par un artéfact, le signal est corrigé par un filtre 18 de type passe-bande avant d'arriver au circuit de traitement 15. Ce dernier reçoit aussi d'un émetteur 16b des informations venant du cardiofréquencemètre 10 relatives à la fréquence cardiaque instantanée et au pourcentage de fréquence cardiaque maximale. A processing circuit 15 receives the signal from the accelerometer 14 conveyed by transmission means, consisting of a transmitter 16a and a receiver 17, respectively associated with the accelerometer 14 and the processing circuit 15. To avoid any disturbance caused by background noise or artefact, the signal is corrected by a band pass type filter 18 before to arrive at the processing circuit 15. The latter also receives a transmitter 16b information from the heart rate monitor 10 relating to the frequency heart rate and at maximum heart rate percentage.

Le circuit 15 traite ces informations de manière à évaluer l'efficacité du geste du sportif, de la manière qui sera décrite ci-après.Circuit 15 processes this information so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the gesture the athlete, as will be described below.

Avantageusement, le circuit de traitement 15 est logé dans la montre 13 et les moyens de transmission 16 et 17 sont sans fil. Bien entendu, dans ce cas, les fréquences d'émission des signaux de la sonde du cardiofréquencemètre 10 et de l'accéléromètre 14 sont protégées l'une de l'autre pour éviter toute perturbation.Advantageously, the processing circuit 15 is housed in the watch 13 and the transmission means 16 and 17 are wireless. Of course, in this case, the transmission frequencies of the signals of the heart rate sensor 10 and the accelerometer 14 are protected from each other to avoid any disturbance.

Enfin, le dispositif comprend encore, placé à la sortie du circuit de traitement 15, des moyens de signalisation 19 pour renseigner le sportif sur l'efficacité de son geste. La signalisation peut être sonore et les moyens 19 sont alors constitués d'un haut-parleur également logé dans la montre 13.Finally, the device still comprises, placed at the output of the processing circuit 15, signaling means 19 to inform the athlete about the effectiveness of His gesture. The signaling can be sound and the means 19 are then consisting of a loudspeaker also housed in the watch 13.

Comme le montre la figure 2, le circuit de traitement 15 est doté, de manière classique, d'un microprocesseur 20 et d'une mémoire 21. Le microprocesseur 20 est programmé pour traiter les informations de fréquence cardiaque fournies par le cardiofréquencemètre 10 et le signal d'accélération fourni par l'accéléromètre 14, en effectuant, à intervalles déterminés, les opérations suivantes :

  • en 22, extraction d'au moins un attribut A du signal de l'accéléromètre 14,
  • en 23, normalisation de l'attribut afin de s'affranchir de l'influence de la variabilité inter-sujets,
  • en 24, comparaison de l'attribut normalisé A avec une valeur de référence A stockée dans la mémoire 21 et correspondant à la mesure de fréquence cardiaque délivrée par le cardiofréquencemètre 10, et
  • en 25, fourniture aux moyens de signalisation 19 d'une représentation de l'efficacité du geste.
As shown in FIG. 2, the processing circuit 15 is conventionally equipped with a microprocessor 20 and a memory 21. The microprocessor 20 is programmed to process the heart rate information provided by the heart rate monitor 10 and the acceleration signal provided by the accelerometer 14, by performing, at determined intervals, the following operations:
  • at 22, extraction of at least one attribute A from the signal of the accelerometer 14,
  • in 23, normalization of the attribute in order to overcome the influence of inter-subject variability,
  • at 24, comparison of the normalized attribute A with a reference value AT stored in the memory 21 and corresponding to the heart rate measurement delivered by the heart rate monitor 10, and
  • in 25, providing the signaling means 19 with a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture.

De manière plus précise, l'attribut A extrait en 22 est l'écart-type du signal d'accélération du torse délivré par l'accéléromètre 14. Toutes les 5 secondes, cet écart-type est estimé sur la base des mesures effectuées pendant les 10 dernières secondes.More precisely, the attribute A extracted at 22 is the standard deviation of the acceleration signal of the torso delivered by the accelerometer 14. Every 5 seconds, this standard deviation is estimated on the basis of the measurements made during the last 10 seconds.

La normalisation 23 de l'attribut A est nécessaire en vue de la comparaison ultérieure. La fréquence de la foulée ayant un impact direct sur l'accélération subie par le torse du coureur, cette normalisation est effectuée par rapport à cette fréquence, directement extraite du signal fourni par l'accéléromètre 14, avantageusement par la méthode des passages par zéro du signal. En effet, selon la modélisation sinusoïdale du déplacement du centre de gravité du coureur, il y a deux passages par zéro du signal dans chacune des périodes.The normalization 23 of the attribute A is necessary for the subsequent comparison. Since the frequency of the stride has a direct impact on the acceleration experienced by the torso of the runner, this normalization is performed with respect to this frequency, directly extracted from the signal supplied by the accelerometer 14, advantageously by the zero crossing method of the signal. Indeed, according to the sinusoidal modeling of the displacement of the center of gravity of the runner, there are two passages by zero of the signal in each of the periods.

La valeur de référence utilisée pour l'opération de comparaison 24, contenue dans la mémoire 21, est la moyenne A de l'attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence. Or, il est évident que l'efficacité de la foulée n'est pas la même au cours d'un simple footing ou d'une compétition. Il faut donc comparer les attributs du sujet et des coureurs de référence à une intensité d'effort semblable.The reference value used for the comparison operation 24, contained in the memory 21, is the average AT of the attribute, obtained for a reference population. However, it is obvious that the effectiveness of the stride is not the same during a simple jog or competition. It is therefore necessary to compare the attributes of the subject and the reference runners at a similar intensity of effort.

En pratique, la moyenne A de l'attribut est enregistrée dans la mémoire, en usine, pour différentes valeurs d'un paramètre d'effort Pi, qui est un pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale. Les attributs de la population de référence sont obtenus en faisant courir ses membres à des intensités-seuils stables, typiquement de 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% de leur fréquence cardiaque maximale. Ces pourcentages, donnés à titre d'exemple, correspondent à un public de coureurs d'endurance. Pour chacun des seuils, la moyenne des valeurs obtenues, A P1= A 60%, A P2= A 70%, A P3= A 80% et A P4= A 85%, est enregistrée dans la mémoire 21.In practice, the average AT of the attribute is stored in the memory, at the factory, for different values of a stress parameter P i , which is a percentage of the maximum heart rate. The attributes of the reference population are obtained by running its limbs at stable threshold intensities, typically 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% of their maximum heart rate. These percentages, given as an example, correspond to an audience of endurance runners. For each of the thresholds, the average of the values obtained, AT P 1 = AT 60% AT P 2 = AT 70% AT P 3 = AT 80% and AT P 4 = AT 85% is stored in memory 21.

Lors de l'opération de comparaison 24, le microprocesseur 20 recherche dans la mémoire 21 la valeur de référence A correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale indiqué par le cardiofréquencemètre 10. Cette valeur est, soit directement extraite de la mémoire si le pourcentage correspond à une intensité-seuil, soit calculée par interpolation si le pourcentage est compris entre deux valeurs du paramètre Pi. During the comparison operation 24, the microprocessor 20 searches the memory 21 for the reference value AT corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate indicated by the heart rate monitor 10. This value is either directly extracted from the memory if the percentage corresponds to a threshold intensity, or calculated by interpolation if the percentage is between two values of the parameter P i .

La comparaison entre l'attribut mesuré A et sa valeur moyenne de référence A est avantageusement effectuée, typiquement toutes les cinq secondes, au moyen de la formule de Mahalanobis. Celle-ci permet, dans le cas où plusieurs attributs sont pris en compte dans la comparaison, de pondérer le calcul par l'influence de chaque attribut en fonction de sa fiabilité. Pour ce faire, elle fait intervenir une normalisation par la matrice de covariance des attributs moyens de la population de référence.The comparison between the measured attribute A and its mean reference value AT is advantageously carried out, typically every five seconds, by means of the Mahalanobis formula. This allows, in the case where several attributes are taken into account in the comparison, to weight the calculation by the influence of each attribute according to its reliability. To do this, it involves a standardization by the covariance matrix of the average attributes of the reference population.

La formule s'écrit :

Figure 00080001

  • dans laquelle: d (ƒc) est l'écart entre le coureur et la population de référence pour un pourcentage donné ƒc de la fréquence cardiaque maximale,
  • ρ /  est la valeur de l'attribut déterminé pour le coureur ou, dans le cas général, le vecteur dont les composantes sont les différents attributs mesurés,
  • ρ / µ reƒ est la moyenne de l'attribut déterminé pour la population de référence ou, dans le cas général, le vecteur dont les composantes sont les valeurs moyennes des attributs pour ladite population de référence,
  • C ƒc est la matrice de covariance des valeurs moyennes des attributs de la population de référence,
  • T indique que la matrice correspondante est transposée.
The formula is written:
Figure 00080001
  • in which: d ( ƒc ) is the distance between the runner and the reference population for a given percentage ƒc of the maximum heart rate,
  • ρ /  is the value of the attribute determined for the runner or, in the general case, the vector whose components are the different measured attributes,
  • ρ / μ reƒ is the mean of the attribute determined for the reference population or, in the general case, the vector whose components are the mean values of the attributes for said reference population,
  • C ƒc is the covariance matrix of the mean values of the attributes of the reference population,
  • T indicates that the corresponding matrix is transposed.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit, un seul attribut, l'écart-type du signal fourni par l'accéléromètre, est pris en compte, mais la formule permet d'utiliser plusieurs attributs.In the embodiment described, only one attribute, the standard deviation of the signal provided by the accelerometer, is taken into account, but the formula allows to use several attributes.

L'écart d , issu de la comparaison 24, constitue un indice de l'efficacité de la foulée. Il est transcrit, en 25, au coureur par les moyens de signalisation 19. Une échelle de corrélation est stockée à cet effet dans la mémoire 21 pour rendre significatif l'indice calculé en lui associant une fréquence d'un signal sonore intermittent. Ainsi, par exemple, plus l'écart calculé au moyen de la formule de Mahalanobis est grand, plus la fréquence du signal est élevée. L'indice peut aussi être affiché numériquement sur l'écran de la montre 13.The difference d from the comparison 24 is an index of the effectiveness of the stride. It is transcribed at 25 by the signaling means 19. A correlation scale is stored for this purpose in the memory 21 to make the calculated index significant by associating it with a frequency of an intermittent sound signal. Thus, for example, the larger the difference calculated using the Mahalanobis formula, the higher the frequency of the signal. The index can also be displayed digitally on the screen of the watch 13.

Bien entendu, les coureurs constituant la population de référence ont été choisis en fonction de leurs performances et de la qualité de leur foulée, jugée par des experts de la discipline selon les critères traditionnels. Un coureur ayant un style peu académique ne sera pas pris en compte dans cet échantillonnage, de manière à ne pas fausser les valeurs de référence.Of course, the runners constituting the reference population were chosen according to their performances and the quality of their stride, judged by experts in the discipline according to traditional criteria. A runner having a little academic style will not be taken into account in this sampling, so as not to distort the reference values.

L'exemple qui vient d'être donné n'est aucunement limitatif et d'autres modes de réalisation peuvent être proposés, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Par exemple, pour examiner les divers points propres à la course à pied évoqués ci-dessus, on peut utiliser plusieurs accéléromètres fournissant plusieurs attributs intégrés dans la formule de Mahalanobis. Par ailleurs, des capteurs autres que des accéléromètres peuvent être envisagés pour donner des signaux à partir desquels les attributs représentatifs de l'efficacité sont mesurés.The example that has just been given is in no way limiting and other modes embodiments can be proposed, without departing from the scope of the invention. By example, to examine the various aspects of running above, one can use several accelerometers providing several embedded attributes in the Mahalanobis formula. In addition, sensors other than accelerometers may be considered to give signals from which the attributes representative of efficiency are measures.

Le dispositif peut aussi être adapté à d'autres sports que la course à pied en modifiant la position de l'accéléromètre. Notamment, en cyclisme, il est intéressant d'analyser le pédalage en disposant un capteur sur le pied ou sur la cheville du cycliste. Les gymnastes peuvent aussi avoir recours à un appareil selon l'invention pour étudier leur rotation au cours d'acrobaties. Dans ce cas, l'utilisation d'un cardiofréquencemètre et la prise en compte de l'intensité de l'effort pour effectuer la comparaison ne sont pas obligatoires.The device can also be adapted to other sports than running. modifying the position of the accelerometer. In particular, in cycling, it is interesting to analyze the pedaling by having a sensor on the foot or on the biker's ankle. Gymnasts may also have recourse to a apparatus according to the invention to study their rotation during acrobatics. In this case, the use of a heart rate monitor and the taking into account of the intensity of the effort to make the comparison is not mandatory.

Le cardiofréquencemètre mis en oeuvre dans le dispositif peut également fonctionner sur la base de tout autre système de mesure, comme, par exemple, une mesure optique décrite dans le document EP 1 297 784 A1.The heart rate monitor implemented in the device can also operate on the basis of any other measurement system, such as for example, an optical measurement described in EP 1 297 784 A1.

Claims (10)

Procédé de mesure de l'efficacité du geste d'un sportif, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : extraction (22) d'au moins un attribut (A) du signal fourni par un accéléromètre (14) placé sur le sportif de manière à capter l'accélération liée à ce geste, comparaison (24) de cet attribut avec la valeur moyenne ( A ) du même attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence et stockée dans une mémoire (21), et production (25) d'une représentation de l'efficacité du geste. A method for measuring the effectiveness of an athlete's movement, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: extraction (22) of at least one attribute ( A ) of the signal provided by an accelerometer (14) placed on the athlete so as to capture the acceleration associated with this gesture, comparison (24) of this attribute with the average value ( AT ) of the same attribute, obtained for a reference population and stored in a memory (21), and production (25) of a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la comparaison (24) s'effectue entre : ledit attribut (A), et sa valeur moyenne ( A ), obtenue pour une population de référence, correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale fourni par un cardiofréquencemètre (10) porté par le sportif. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the comparison (24) takes place between: said attribute ( A ), and its average value ( AT ), obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate provided by a heart rate monitor (10) worn by the sportsman. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'attribut (A) est l'écart-type du signal fourni par l'accéléromètre (14).Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the attribute ( A ) is the standard deviation of the signal supplied by the accelerometer (14). Procédé selon la revendication 3 destiné à mesurer l'efficacité de la foulée d'un coureur à pied, caractérisé en ce que l'attribut est normalisé par la fréquence de la foulée (23).A method according to claim 3 for measuring the effectiveness of the stride of a foot runner, characterized in that the attribute is normalized by the frequency of the stride (23). Dispositif pour la mesure de l'efficacité d'un geste sportif, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : un accéléromètre (14) placé sur un sportif de manière à fournir un signal représentatif dudit geste, un circuit de traitement (15) doté d'un microprocesseur (20) et d'une mémoire (21), recevant ledit signal, ledit microprocesseur (20) étant programmé pour effectuer, à intervalles déterminés, les opérations suivantes : extraction (22) d'au moins un attribut (A) du signal de l'accéléromètre, comparaison (24) dudit attribut (A) avec la valeur moyenne ( A ) du même attribut, obtenue pour une population de référence et stockée dans ladite mémoire (21), et production (25) d'une repésentation de l'efficacité du geste, et des moyens de signalisation (19) pour transmettre au sportif ladite représentation. Device for measuring the efficiency of a sports movement, characterized in that it comprises: an accelerometer (14) placed on an athlete so as to provide a signal representative of said gesture, a processing circuit (15) having a microprocessor (20) and a memory (21) receiving said signal, said microprocessor (20) being programmed to perform, at specified intervals, the following operations: extracting (22) at least one attribute ( A ) from the accelerometer signal, comparing (24) said attribute ( A ) with the average value ( AT ) of the same attribute, obtained for a reference population and stored in said memory (21), and production (25) of a representation of the effectiveness of the gesture, and signaling means (19) for transmitting said representation to the athlete. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en outre, un appareil de mesure de la fréquence cardiaque (10) destiné à fournir au circuit de traitement (15) des informations relatives à la fréquence cardiaque du sportif, et en ce que ledit circuit de traitement (15) est programmé pour effectuer ladite opération de comparaison entre : ledit attribut (A), et sa valeur moyenne ( A ), obtenue pour une population de référence, correspondant au pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale fourni par un cardiofréquencemètre (10) porté par le sportif. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises, a measuring device of the heart rate (10) for supplying to the processing circuit (15) information relating to the heart rate of the athlete, and that said processing circuit (15) is programmed to perform said comparison operation between: said attribute ( A ), and its average value ( AT ), obtained for a reference population, corresponding to the percentage of the maximum heart rate provided by a heart rate monitor (10) worn by the sportsman. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que leditcircuit de traitement est programmé pour effectuer ladite comparaison selon l'équation :
Figure 00110001
   dans laquelle : d (fc) est l'écart entre le coureur et la population de référence pour un pourcentage donné ƒc de la fréquence cardiaque maximale, ρ /  est la valeur dudit attribut déterminé pour le coureur ou, dans le cas général, un vecteur dont les composantes sont les différents attributs mesurés pour ce dernier, ρ / µ reƒ est la moyenne de l'attribut déterminé pour la population de référence ou, dans le cas général, le vecteur dont les composantes sont les valeurs moyennes des attributs pour ladite population de référence, C ƒc est la matrice de covariance des valeurs moyennes des attributs de la population de référence, et Device according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that saidcircuit of treatment is programmed to perform said comparison according to the equation:
Figure 00110001
in which : d ( fc ) is the distance between the runner and the reference population for a given percentage ƒc of the maximum heart rate, ρ /  is the value of the attribute determined for the runner or, in the general case, a vector whose components are the different attributes measured for the runner, ρ / μ reƒ is the mean of the attribute determined for the reference population or, in the general case, the vector whose components are the mean values of the attributes for said reference population, C ƒc is the covariance matrix of the mean values of the attributes of the reference population, and Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit de traitement (15) est logé dans une montre (13) portée par le sportif.Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that said processing circuit (15) is housed in a watch (13) worn by the athlete. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de signalisation (19) sont logés dans ladite montre (13).Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that said signaling means (19) are housed in said watch (13). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de signalisation (19) sont sonores et en ce qu'ils sont agencés de manière à produire un son intermittent dont la fréquence est corrélée à ladite représentation.Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that said signaling means (19) are sound and in that they are arranged to produce an intermittent sound whose frequency is correlated to said representation.
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