EP1669824A1 - Method and apparatus for setting an operation mode number - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for setting an operation mode number Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1669824A1
EP1669824A1 EP05110582A EP05110582A EP1669824A1 EP 1669824 A1 EP1669824 A1 EP 1669824A1 EP 05110582 A EP05110582 A EP 05110582A EP 05110582 A EP05110582 A EP 05110582A EP 1669824 A1 EP1669824 A1 EP 1669824A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mode
mode number
memory
safety
data
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EP05110582A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1669824B1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Temming
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L19/00—Arrangements for interlocking between points and signals by means of a single interlocking device, e.g. central control
    • B61L19/06—Interlocking devices having electrical operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for specifying a mode number according to the preamble of claim 1 and a related device according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • Safety-relevant railway operating processes relate in particular to the control of field elements, for example points and signals. This is done by interlocking elements, which also specify operating mode numbers, for example for normal operation or drive replacement. With the mode number, the processing software of the interlocking elements is initialized in a certain way, d. H. forced to a certain behavior. The operating mode number must therefore be specified reliably in terms of signaling.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus of the generic type, which are characterized by lower hardware costs, the mode selection meets the safety requirement level SIL4 according to CENELC.
  • the object is achieved according to the method with the characterizing features of claim 1 and according to the device with the characterizing features of claim 2.
  • By writing the operating mode number together with a safety appendix to a non-volatile memory there is a very high level of certainty with regard to the correctness of the operating number and thus the corresponding effects on the safety-relevant process.
  • Another advantage over the known mode connector with bridges is that in addition to the mode number in addition a subscriber number and possibly other data can be stored. In addition, only a minimal amount of hardware is required with a low volume of the memory module.
  • the data set consisting of operating mode number, subscriber number, possibly further data and safety information, can be easily read into the non-volatile memory via a serial interface.
  • the fuse attachment according to claim 3 as MD4 signature is formed.
  • the MD4 cryptographic function transforms the input data set into a short fixed-length value, the hash value.
  • variables use nonlinear transformations to manipulate the input data, that is, the data set to be checked for data integrity, thereby forming a unique hash value.
  • the MD4 algorithm has four variables, the in three rounds into the calculation of the hash value.
  • a higher version of the MD algorithm for example MD5, can also be used.
  • Other methods of protection may be used, such as CRC16 or CRC32.
  • the fuse attachment is formed over the entire data record.
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
  • This read-only memory is characterized by the fact that the programming process and also the deletion process are very easily possible by means of a computer or a peripheral device.
  • the serial interface to the memory is formed according to claim 5 as I2C interface.
  • the I2C bus is a very popular 2-wire bus and was designed specifically for communication between individual components within a device.
  • the data record with the operating mode number can be read in via the I2C interface with very little effort. Since usually several components depend in parallel on an I2C bus, it is necessary to also store the subscriber address.
  • the memory itself is integrated according to claim 6 in a mode connector.
  • the mode plug is preferably labeled externally with the mode number and, if necessary, is inserted into a front panel module of a microcontroller containing the processing software.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of two mode connector 1 and 2, wherein the first mode connector 1 for normal operation and the second mode connector 2 are provided for drive replacement in the control of a switch assembly.
  • the mode connectors 1 and 2 are each provided with an EEPROM 3 (FIG. 2) for storing the associated mode number 4a, a subscriber number 4b, a subscriber address 5 and an MD4 signature 6 (FIG. 2). So that the mode connector 1 or 2 in a front panel module 7, which is connected to a micro-controller 8 ( Figure 2), can be easily inserted and removed, a handle 9 is formed on the mode connector 1 and 2 respectively.
  • the mode connector 1 and 2 is designed such that a contact-safe plugging into a socket 10 of the front panel module 7 is possible, the mode connector 1 and 2 is flush with the surface of the front panel module 7 and can not be solved by shocks. If no mode connector 1 or 2 is used, a dummy plate without any electrical functionality can be plugged. With the mode connector 1 and 2, the processing software is informed in the micro-controller 8, how to behave. The mode connector 1 or 2 is clearly labeled with the number of the operating mode. This number is displayed flashing in a diagnostic display 11 on the front panel module 7. The signal-technically safe constructed micro-controller 8 reads cyclically On the front panel module 7 next to the socket 10 and the diagnostic display 11 various switches 12 and 13, a diagnostic socket 14 and status indicators 15 and an LED matrix 16 are provided for process display.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the data flow from the mode connector 1 or 2 via the front panel module 7 to the microcontroller 8.
  • the data record for the mode connector 1 or 2 is loaded via an I 2 C interface 17. It must be ensured that the data of the mode connector 1 or 2 can not be changed when plugged in.
  • the mode connector 1 or 2 is connected to a power supply 18 and a serial I2C bus 19. Via the I2C bus 19, the front panel module 7 reads the data record and checks it for two channels using the MD4 signature for data integrity. Thereafter, the mode number without MD4 signature is forwarded to the image memory of the dual-channel microcontroller 8. If the mode connector 1 or 2 is pulled or the mode number has changed, an error is displayed on the diagnostic display 11 of the front panel module 7. Since the operating mode number 4 on the EEPROM 3 is protected by the MD4 signature 6, the data integrity can be monitored at a very high level of security in accordance with the safety requirement level SIL 4 according to CENELEC.

Abstract

A method for stipulating an operation-type number in which the operation number (4a) and given further data are read-in as a data record with safety/security attachment via a serial interface into a non-volatile memory/store. An independent claim is included for a device for carrying out the method.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vorgabe einer BetriebsartennummerMethod and device for specifying a mode number

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Vorgabe einer Betriebsartennummer gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine diesbezügliche Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 2.The invention relates to a method for specifying a mode number according to the preamble of claim 1 and a related device according to the preamble of claim 2.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bezieht sich im Wesentlichen auf sicherheitsrelevante Bahnbetriebsprozesse, ohne dass die Erfindung auf diese Anwendung beschrankt sein soll.The following description relates essentially to safety-relevant railway operating processes, without the invention being restricted to this application.

Sicherheitsrelevante Bahnbetriebsprozesse betreffen insbesondere die Ansteuerung von Feldelementen, beispielsweise Weichen und Signale. Dazu dienen Stellwerkselemente, über die unter anderem auch Betriebsartennummern, beispielsweise für Normalbetrieb oder Antriebsersatz, vorgegeben werden. Mit der Betriebsartennummer wird die Verarbeitungssoftware der Stellwerkselemente in bestimmter Weise initialisiert, d. h. zu einem bestimmten Verhalten gezwungen. Die Betriebsartennummer muss daher signaltechnisch sicher vorgegeben werden.Safety-relevant railway operating processes relate in particular to the control of field elements, for example points and signals. This is done by interlocking elements, which also specify operating mode numbers, for example for normal operation or drive replacement. With the mode number, the processing software of the interlocking elements is initialized in a certain way, d. H. forced to a certain behavior. The operating mode number must therefore be specified reliably in terms of signaling.

Bekannt sind Betriebsartenstecker, die durch Brücken im Stecker das Verhalten der Verarbeitungssoftware bestimmen. Nachteilig bei diesen Betriebsartensteckern ist vor allem deren erheblicher Hardwareaufwand.Operating mode plugs are known which determine the behavior of the processing software by means of jumpers in the plug. The disadvantage of these mode connectors is especially their significant hardware cost.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung gattungsgemäßer Art anzugeben, die sich durch geringeren Hardwareaufwand auszeichnen, wobei die Betriebsartenwahl die Sicherheitsanforderungsstufe SIL4 nach CENELC erfüllt.The invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus of the generic type, which are characterized by lower hardware costs, the mode selection meets the safety requirement level SIL4 according to CENELC.

Die Aufgabe wird verfahrensgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und vorrichtungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 2 gelöst. Durch das Einschreiben der Betriebsartennummer zusammen mit einem Sicherungsanhang in einen nichtflüchtigen Speicher ist eine sehr hohe Sicherheit bezüglich der Korrektheit der Betriebsartennummer und damit der entsprechenden Auswirkungen auf den sicherheitsrelevanten Prozess gegeben. Ein weiterer Vorteil gegenüber dem bekannten Betriebsartenstecker mit Brücken besteht darin, dass neben der Betriebsartennummer zusätzlich eine Teilnehmernummer und gegebenenfalls weitere Daten gespeichert werden können. Darüber hinaus ist bei geringem Volumen des Speichermoduls nur minimaler Hardwareaufwand erforderlich. Der Datensatz, bestehend aus Betriebsartennummer, Teilnehmernummer, gegebenenfalls weiteren Daten und Sicherungsanhang, lässt sich über eine serielle Schnittstelle sehr einfach in den nichtflüchtigen Speicher einlesen.The object is achieved according to the method with the characterizing features of claim 1 and according to the device with the characterizing features of claim 2. By writing the operating mode number together with a safety appendix to a non-volatile memory, there is a very high level of certainty with regard to the correctness of the operating number and thus the corresponding effects on the safety-relevant process. Another advantage over the known mode connector with bridges is that in addition to the mode number in addition a subscriber number and possibly other data can be stored. In addition, only a minimal amount of hardware is required with a low volume of the memory module. The data set, consisting of operating mode number, subscriber number, possibly further data and safety information, can be easily read into the non-volatile memory via a serial interface.

Vorzugsweise ist der Sicherungsanhang gemäß Anspruch 3 als MD4-Signatur (Message Digest) ausgebildet. Durch die kryptografische MD4-Funktion wird der Eingabedatensatz in einen kurzen Wert fester Länge, den Hashwert, umgewandelt. Bei diesem Algorithmus verändern sich Variablen mittels nichtlinearer Transformationen anhand der Eingabedaten, d. h. des auf Datenintegrität zu prüfenden Datensatzes, und bilden dadurch einen eindeutigen Hashwert. Bei einer guten Hashfunktion gibt es kaum zwei Datensätze, die denselben Hashwert besitzen. Weiterhin beeinflussen geringe Änderungen des Eingabedatensatzes bei einer guten Hashfunktion den Hashwert sehr stark. Bei dem MD4-Algorithmus sind vier Variablen vorgesehen, die in drei Runden in die Berechnung des Hashwertes eingehen. Um noch größere Sicherheit hinsichtlich des Nachweises der Datenintegrität zu erreichen, kann auch eine höhere Version des MD-Algorithmus, beispielsweise MD5 eingesetzt werden. Es können auch andere Verfahren zur Sicherung genutzt werden, beispielsweise CRC16 oder CRC32. Der Sicherungsanhang wird über den gesamten Datensatz gebildet.Preferably, the fuse attachment according to claim 3 as MD4 signature (Message Digest) is formed. The MD4 cryptographic function transforms the input data set into a short fixed-length value, the hash value. In this algorithm, variables use nonlinear transformations to manipulate the input data, that is, the data set to be checked for data integrity, thereby forming a unique hash value. With a good hash function, there are hardly two records that have the same hash value. Furthermore, small changes in the input data set with a good hash function greatly influence the hash value. The MD4 algorithm has four variables, the in three rounds into the calculation of the hash value. In order to achieve even greater security with regard to the proof of data integrity, a higher version of the MD algorithm, for example MD5, can also be used. Other methods of protection may be used, such as CRC16 or CRC32. The fuse attachment is formed over the entire data record.

Als nichtflüchtiger Speicher wird gemäß Anspruch 4 vorzugsweise ein EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory) eingesetzt. Dieser Festwertspeicher zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Programmiervorgang und auch der Löschvorgang sehr einfach mittels eines Computers oder eines Peripheriegerätes möglich sind.As a nonvolatile memory according to claim 4 preferably an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory) is used. This read-only memory is characterized by the fact that the programming process and also the deletion process are very easily possible by means of a computer or a peripheral device.

Die serielle Schnittstelle zum Speicher ist gemäß Anspruch 5 als I2C-Schnittstelle ausgebildet. Der I2C-Bus ist ein sehr häufig eingesetzter 2-Draht-Bus und wurde speziell für die Kommunikation zwischen einzelnen Komponenten innerhalb eines Gerätes entwickelt. Der Datensatz mit der Betriebsartennummer kann über die I2C-Schnittstelle mit besonders geringem Aufwand eingelesen werden. Da üblicherweise mehrere Komponenten parallel an einem I2C-Bus hängen, ist es nötig, auch die Teilnehmeradresse zu speichern.The serial interface to the memory is formed according to claim 5 as I2C interface. The I2C bus is a very popular 2-wire bus and was designed specifically for communication between individual components within a device. The data record with the operating mode number can be read in via the I2C interface with very little effort. Since usually several components depend in parallel on an I2C bus, it is necessary to also store the subscriber address.

Der Speicher selbst ist gemäß Anspruch 6 in einem Betriebsartenstecker integriert. Der Betriebsartenstecker ist vorzugsweise äußerlich mit der Betriebsartennummer beschriftet und wird bedarfsweise in ein Frontplattenmodul eines Mikro-Controllers, der die Verarbeitungssoftware enthält, eingesetzt.The memory itself is integrated according to claim 6 in a mode connector. The mode plug is preferably labeled externally with the mode number and, if necessary, is inserted into a front panel module of a microcontroller containing the processing software.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand figürlicher Darstellungen naher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figurative representations.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Betriebsartenstecker im Zusammenwirken mit einem Frontplattenmodul und
Figur 2
eine Architekturspezifikation des Betriebsartensteckers.
Show it:
FIG. 1
Operating mode plug in conjunction with a front panel module and
FIG. 2
an architectural specification of the mode plug.

Figur 1 zeigt beispielhaft zwei Betriebsartenstecker 1 und 2, wobei der erste Betriebsartenstecker 1 für Normalbetrieb und der zweite Betriebsartenstecker 2 für Antriebsersatz bei der Ansteuerung einer Weichenbaugruppe vorgesehen sind. Die Betriebsartenstecker 1 und 2 sind jeweils mit einem EEPROM 3 (Fig. 2) zur Speicherung der zugeordneten Betriebsartennummer 4a, einer Teilnehmernummer 4b, einer Teilnehmeradresse 5 und einer MD4-Signatur 6 ausgestattet (Figur 2). Damit der Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 in ein Frontplattenmodul 7, das mit einem Mikro-Controller 8 (Figur 2) verbunden ist, auf einfache Weise eingesteckt und abgezogen werden kann, ist ein Griff 9 an den Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 angeformt. Der Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 ist dabei derart gestaltet, dass ein kontaktsicheres Einstecken in eine Steckerbuchse 10 des Frontplattenmoduls 7 möglich ist, wobei der Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 bündig mit der Oberfläche des Frontplattenmoduls 7 abschließt und sich nicht durch Erschütterungen lösen kann. Wird kein Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 genutzt, kann auch eine Blindplatte ohne jede elektrische Funktionalität gesteckt werden. Mit dem Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 wird der Verarbeitungssoftware in dem Mikro-Controller 8 mitgeteilt, wie sie sich zu verhalten hat. Der Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 ist mit der Nummer der Betriebsart deutlich beschriftet. Diese Nummer wird blinkend in einem Diagnosedisplay 11 auf dem Frontplattenmodul 7 angezeigt. Der signaltechnisch sicher aufgebaute Mikro-Controller 8 liest zyklisch über dass Frontplattenmodul 7 den Datensatz aus den Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2. Auf dem Frontplattenmodul 7 sind neben der Steckerbuchse 10 und dem Diagnosedisplay 11 verschiedene Schalter 12 und 13, eine Diagnosebuchse 14 sowie Statusanzeigen 15 und eine LED-Matrix 16 zur Prozessanzeige vorgesehen.Figure 1 shows an example of two mode connector 1 and 2, wherein the first mode connector 1 for normal operation and the second mode connector 2 are provided for drive replacement in the control of a switch assembly. The mode connectors 1 and 2 are each provided with an EEPROM 3 (FIG. 2) for storing the associated mode number 4a, a subscriber number 4b, a subscriber address 5 and an MD4 signature 6 (FIG. 2). So that the mode connector 1 or 2 in a front panel module 7, which is connected to a micro-controller 8 (Figure 2), can be easily inserted and removed, a handle 9 is formed on the mode connector 1 and 2 respectively. The mode connector 1 and 2 is designed such that a contact-safe plugging into a socket 10 of the front panel module 7 is possible, the mode connector 1 and 2 is flush with the surface of the front panel module 7 and can not be solved by shocks. If no mode connector 1 or 2 is used, a dummy plate without any electrical functionality can be plugged. With the mode connector 1 and 2, the processing software is informed in the micro-controller 8, how to behave. The mode connector 1 or 2 is clearly labeled with the number of the operating mode. This number is displayed flashing in a diagnostic display 11 on the front panel module 7. The signal-technically safe constructed micro-controller 8 reads cyclically On the front panel module 7 next to the socket 10 and the diagnostic display 11 various switches 12 and 13, a diagnostic socket 14 and status indicators 15 and an LED matrix 16 are provided for process display.

Figur 2 veranschaulicht den Datenfluss von dem Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 über dass Frontplattenmodul 7 zum Mikro-Controller 8. Der Datensatz für den Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 wird über eine I2C-Schnittstelle 17 geladen. Dabei muss sichergestellt sein, dass die Daten des Betriebsartensteckers 1 bzw. 2 im gesteckten Zustand nicht verändert werden können. Weiterhin ist der Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 mit einer Stromversorgung 18 und einem seriellen I2C-Bus 19 verbunden. Über den I2C-Bus 19 liest dass Frontplattenmodul 7 den Datensatz und überprüft diesen zweikanalig anhand der MD4-Signatur auf Datenintegrität. Danach wird die Betriebsartennummer ohne MD4-Signatur an die Abbildspeicher des zweikanaligen Mikro-Controllers 8 weitergeleitet. Wird der Betriebsartenstecker 1 bzw. 2 gezogen oder hat die Betriebsartennummer sich geändert, wird auf dem Diagnosedisplay 11 des Frontplattenmoduls 7 ein Fehler angezeigt. Da die Betriebsartennummer 4 auf dem EEPROM 3 durch die MD4-Signatur 6 abgesichert ist, kann die Datenintegrität auf sehr hohem Sicherheitsniveau gemäß der Sicherheitsanforderungsstufe SIL 4 nach CENELEC überwacht werden.FIG. 2 illustrates the data flow from the mode connector 1 or 2 via the front panel module 7 to the microcontroller 8. The data record for the mode connector 1 or 2 is loaded via an I 2 C interface 17. It must be ensured that the data of the mode connector 1 or 2 can not be changed when plugged in. Furthermore, the mode connector 1 or 2 is connected to a power supply 18 and a serial I2C bus 19. Via the I2C bus 19, the front panel module 7 reads the data record and checks it for two channels using the MD4 signature for data integrity. Thereafter, the mode number without MD4 signature is forwarded to the image memory of the dual-channel microcontroller 8. If the mode connector 1 or 2 is pulled or the mode number has changed, an error is displayed on the diagnostic display 11 of the front panel module 7. Since the operating mode number 4 on the EEPROM 3 is protected by the MD4 signature 6, the data integrity can be monitored at a very high level of security in accordance with the safety requirement level SIL 4 according to CENELEC.

Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf das vorstehend angegebene Ausführungsbeispiel. Vielmehr ist eine Anzahl van Varianten denkbar, welche auch bei grundsätzlich anders gearteter Ausführung van den Merkmalen der Erfindung Gebrauch machen.The invention is not limited to the embodiment given above. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable which make use of the features of the invention even with a fundamentally different type of implementation.

Claims (6)

Verfahren zur Vorgabe einer Betriebsartennummer (4a) für sicherheitsrelevante Prozesse, insbesondere Bahnbetriebsprozesse,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Betriebsartennummer (4a)und gegebenenfalls weitere Daten als Datensatz mit einem Sicherungsanhang über eine serielle Schnittstelle in einen nichtflüchtigen Speicher eingelesen werden.Method for specifying a mode number (4a) for safety-relevant processes, in particular railway operating processes,
characterized,
that the operating mode number (4a) and, if appropriate, further data are read into a non-volatile memory as a data record with a safety appendage via a serial interface. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass ein nichtflüchtiger Speicher mit einer seriellen Schnittstelle vorgesehen ist, wobei die Betriebsartennummer (4a) und gegebenenfalls weitere Daten, als Datensatz mit einem Sicherungsanhang über die Schnittstelle in den Speicher einlesbar sind.Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that a non-volatile memory with a serial interface is provided, wherein the operating mode number (4a) and optionally further data can be read into the memory as a data record with a safety appendage via the interface. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sicherungsanhang als MD4-Signatur (6) über den gesamten Datensatz ausgebildet ist.Device according to claim 2,
characterized,
is formed that the securing attachment as MD4 signature (6) over the entire data set. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Speicher als EEPROM (3) ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized,
is configured that the memory as EEPROM (3). Vorrichtung nach einem der Anspruche 2 his 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Schnittstelle als I2C-SchnittsteIIe (17) ausgebildet ist.Device according to one of the claims 2 his 4,
characterized,
is formed as the interface I2C-SchnittsteIIe (17). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 his 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Speicher in einem Betriebsartenstecker (1, 2) integriert ist.Device according to one of claims 2 to 5,
characterized,
is integrated that the memory in an operating mode connector (1, 2).
EP05110582A 2004-12-08 2005-11-10 Method and apparatus for setting an operation mode number Not-in-force EP1669824B1 (en)

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DE102004059717A1 (en) 2006-06-22

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