EP1766589A1 - Procede de gestion d'une pluralite de lecteurs de jetons a puce electronique et equipements de mise en oeuvre dudit procede. - Google Patents
Procede de gestion d'une pluralite de lecteurs de jetons a puce electronique et equipements de mise en oeuvre dudit procede.Info
- Publication number
- EP1766589A1 EP1766589A1 EP05753731A EP05753731A EP1766589A1 EP 1766589 A1 EP1766589 A1 EP 1766589A1 EP 05753731 A EP05753731 A EP 05753731A EP 05753731 A EP05753731 A EP 05753731A EP 1766589 A1 EP1766589 A1 EP 1766589A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- readers
- reader
- synchronization
- cycle
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
- G07F17/32—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for games, toys, sports, or amusements
Definitions
- the invention finds its application in the field of casinos or gaming rooms for the management of a large fleet of gambling chips, also called casino chips, these being distributed between the bank
- casino chips also called casino chips
- the use of contactless radiofrequency readers communicating with chip chips facilitates the work of the casino operator, particularly for the detection of fraudulent tokens, the location and location of the casino. the tracking of chips in the casino, the counting of chips in number and value, the monitoring of transactions at tables of exchange or game, etc ...
- a game token is any disc or plate-shaped element most often made of rigid plastic material.
- the tokens have various patterns in designs and colors to form a more or less complex decor and reduce the risk of forgery and / or fraudulent reproduction.
- Some tokens incorporate an electronic memory circuit, or electronic chip, in which information about the token is stored, including its serial number or identification code and its numerical value.
- These tokens equipped with electronic memory circuits are also referred to as electronic chip tokens or electronic memory tokens.
- the electronic circuits are of the PROM single read-only type, reprogrammable EEPROM memory with readability and / or write capability or even microprocessors with a memory.
- the electronic circuits of the chips or electronic circuits comprise a winding used to make a radio frequency transponder without contact and to communicate by magnetic coupling with the antennas of the radio frequency readers, the electric field radiated by the antennas of the readers being also used to generate the energy electric necessary for fleas.
- the communication of the information-carrying signals is done by modulation / demodulation of a pre-established frequency carrier wave, by way of non-limiting example of 125 KHz.
- the term reader is also understood in its broadest sense as a device that makes it possible in particular to read the memory of the chip and / or the writing in memory and without any limiting character.
- Each reader is associated with a microprocessor control unit so as to issue commands and data to a chip in the corresponding antenna field and to receive and process the responses therefrom, some readers being able to control in turn several antennas.
- a central reader control unit that manages a plurality of readers is used.
- the purpose of the invention is to propose a method for managing a plurality of non-contact token radio frequency readers making it possible to eliminate disruptions between readers due to disordered transmission / reception operations, in particular by close-up antennas, or at least to reduce very significantly the effects on the communications go and / or return between readers and chips.
- the invention proposes a method of coordinated management of a plurality of contactless radio chip readers of the type in which a Tx / Rx transmission / reception current cycle between a reader and the chips accessible by the reader.
- reader comprises a transmission operation Tx of a command command from the reader to the chips followed by a reception operation Rx of the response of the chips to the reader, characterized in that ⁇ ue the Tx / Rx transmission / reception cycles of the active readers are synchronized so as to group the transmission operations Tx in a first time interval and to group the reception operations Rx in a second time interval without overlap between the two time intervals.
- the synchronization of the Tx / Rx cycles by separate grouping of the transmission operations Tx on one side and the reception operations Rx on the other hand makes it possible to make several parallel antenna readers work simultaneously, the final time saving for the processing a batch of chips shared between Nx active readers simultaneously with respect to a processing of this batch by a single reader or Nx readers but working successively to avoid the aforementioned disturbances being much greater than the delay introduced by the process synchronization.
- the grouping of the transmission operations Tx is carried out in such a way that the transmission operations Tx end substantially at the same time.
- This grouping makes it possible to minimize the time interval required for the Tx transmissions thus grouped (in this case the longest transmission time Tx) and to start the reception operations Rx immediately after the end time of the messages. transmissions Tx so as to also reduce the time interval required for Rx receptions thus grouped to the longest reception time.
- the synchronization process comprises:
- a step of collecting the TxL durations of the Tx transmissions of the instructions for controlling the first Tx / Rx cycles waiting for the active readers may take the form of a series of several Tx / Rx cycles
- the duration of the stabilization of the antenna current following the execution of an instruction CA with the duration TxL of transmission Tx of the instruction command of a cycle Tx / Rx to the active reader said stabilization duration being hereinafter referred to as the assimilated TxL duration and the instruction CA also being referred to hereinafter as the assimilated Tx transmission, and
- Tx / Rx cycle assimilated an order of execution of a command CA to an order of execution of a transmission Tx of a cycle Tx / Rx in which the duration of the operation Rx is zero, hereinafter called Tx / Rx cycle assimilated , the reader concerned by a command CA being then assimilated to an active reader.
- This variant makes it possible, on the one hand, to eliminate the disturbances caused by the cuts and recovery of antenna current and, on the other hand, to obtain this elimination without hindering the coordinated management of the plurality of readers and at a lower cost in material resources. and software.
- the TxL times, real and / or assimilated are in the form of multiples of the period of the carrier wave used by the readers.
- This procedure of the method according to the invention makes it possible to actually involve in the synchronization process only the Nx readers actually active (having a Tx / Rx cycle pending) of the plurality NL of readers in coordinated management.
- This operating mode of the method according to the invention makes it possible to limit the waiting of the execution orders of the transmissions Tx of the active readers.
- This procedure of the method according to the invention makes it possible to automatically process the series or series of several Tx / Rx cycles for the same reader without risk of interruption.
- the step of collecting the times TxL, real and / or assimilated is carried out for all the NL readers of the plurality of readers with determination of the number Nx of readers for which an order of execution of the transmission Tx, real or assimilated, will have to be issued and in that the step of transmitting transmission execution orders Tx is adapted as a function of Nx.
- This operating mode of the method according to the invention allows a saving of time in the execution of the synchronization cycle.
- This operating mode allows the readers to generate synchronized carrier waves at the chosen frequency, in this case, by way of non-limiting example, at 125 KHz.
- the method is characterized in that it is associated with means adapted to implement the accelerated collision management process according to: - determination, on the occasion of the detection of a collision by discrepancy between the value 0 or 1 of a bit of the response in relation to the value expected for the same bit, a "strong" or “low” degree of the collision as a function of the level of uncertainty on the detected value the response bit concerned;
- the processing may consist in obtaining confirmation by targeted interrogation of certain serial number fields of the number of the token originating from the answer, even if it eliminates the incriminated token by rendering it "silent" (inhibition of operation Rx), if it is not one of the wanted tokens.
- This operating mode makes it possible to very substantially accelerate the management of true collisions and the playing and / or writing times of the chips. It should be noted that each false collision unnecessarily increases the reading time due to attempts to discover SNR serial numbers which in reality do not exist, hence the need to avoid such collisions.
- This mode of operation makes it possible to adapt the sharing threshold to each reader and to his immediate environment (distance between reader antennas, forms and / or arrangement of the antennas, real power dissipated, etc.).
- the sharing threshold is chosen so as to distinguish the true collisions, collisions of "strong” degree, resulting from the simultaneous responses of several separate chips, false collisions, collisions of "weak” degree resulting in particular from electromagnetic disturbances external to the readers or disturbances between antenna readers in close proximity during the transmission of Rx responses.
- the invention also relates to a synchronization circuit for a plurality of non-contact token electronic chip readers for implementing the method according to the invention presented above in all its variants, the circuit comprising a processing unit. microprocessor-based device adapted to perform the execution of the synchronization process, the processing unit being associated with an interface circuit intended to be suitably connected with each of the readers of said plurality of readers.
- the processing unit has the hardware and software means to perform the execution of the synchronization process.
- the synchronization circuit is able to work autonomously, for example so as to be installed next to the readers of the same casino table but can also be integrated or attached to the central unit of the casino. management of readers.
- the interface circuit comprises demultiplexing means between the data transmission lines from the readers.
- the interface circuit advantageously comprises means for delivering to the readers synchronized clock signals from the time base of said processing unit of the synchronization circuit.
- the invention also relates to a non-contact token electronic chip reader adapted for implementing the method according to the invention in association with a synchronization circuit defined above, the reader having hardware and software means allowing him to within a plurality of readers to carry out the execution of the synchronization process, the coordinated management of the read and / or write cycles Tx / Rx, in particular in its variant to cut control and / or restore the current of antenna and / or in its variant with implementation of the accelerated collision management process.
- the invention also relates to a non-contact token electronic chip reading and / or writing system intended to be used with implementation of the method according to the invention in all its variants, comprising a plurality of readers defined above connected to a synchronization circuit defined above and managed by a central microprocessor control unit.
- the invention also relates to a system for reading and / or writing radiofrequency non-contact electronic chip chips for use with implementation of the method according to the invention in all its variants, comprising a plurality of clock-matched readers defined above and synchronized by the time base of a synchronization circuit defined above.
- FIG. 4 represents a partial flowchart of operations performed by the synchronization circuit during the execution of the CS synchronization cycle presented in FIG.
- FIG. 5 represents the diagram of a reader clock switching circuit making it possible to switch from the 'independent reader' mode to the 'synchronized reader' mode.
- the embodiment of the non-contact electronic chip token reading and / or writing system 10 according to the invention intended to be used with implementation of the method according to the invention illustrated schematically in FIG. 3 comprises, as a non-limiting example, a plurality 12 of three readers L1, L2 and L3 respectively referenced 12a, 12b, 12c.
- Each reader comprises at least one antenna, respectively 13a, 13b 13c, associated with the plate 14 a same game table or cash table to define corresponding read / write zones in which are arranged game chips 15a, 15b and 15c to electronic chip (plates or disks), either unitarily flat (chips 15b) or stacked (tokens 15a and 15c), the batteries can reach the number of 20 or more chips.
- the three readers 12a, 12b and 12c are of the VEGAS read-write device type (VEGRED2 version) produced by Gaming Partners International SAS.
- Each gaming chip includes an electronic chip 16 radio frequency transponder without contact, in this case a transponder Hitag Vegas produced by Philips Semiconductors.
- the TX transmission of a command to the chips by a reader is performed by strong modulation of the current of the antenna associated with the reader, detected by the chips 16 placed in the field thereof .
- the reception Rx by the reader of the response of the chips as a result of a command is performed by the detection by the reader of the low modulation of the voltage on the antenna.
- the energy required for the operation of the chip 16 is provided by the magnetic field of the antenna of the corresponding reader.
- the reader (12a, 12b or 12c) sends commands to the chips by modulating the amplitude of the oscillations of the magnetic field.
- the chips respond by modulating an internal resistance, the magnetic coupling ensuring the transmission of this modulation to the reader.
- the following states are distinguished in the operation of the chip 16 Hitag type.
- the chip is outside the field of the antenna. Ready. The chip has just been placed in the field of the antenna. In this state it accepts only the SetCC command, after which it sends the serial number (SNR) to the reader and goes to the Initial state.
- SNR serial number
- the chip accepts the commands for reading and writing data as well as the command HaIt, after which it goes to the state
- ReadID If the answers differ on certain bit positions, we say that we have collisions on the corresponding positions.
- the reader detects and processes these by the anti-collision algorithm.
- the reader In order to get the chips 16 out of the Silent state, the reader has the command HFReset momentary stopping of the current of the antenna. It also has the SetPowerDown command that turns off the antenna during periods of inactivity.
- the three readers 12a, 12b and 12c are also connected to a synchronization circuit CSL 20 made by an electronic card comprising at least the following three main components: a microprocessor processing unit 22 model AT89C55WD of the company ATMEL, a circuit of Xilinx CPLD XC9572 interface model 24 and a MAX202 type 26 interface from the company Maxim.
- the microprocessor 22 executes the synchronization protocol of the invention. It also communicates, through the serial interface 26, to a computer attached to the CSL circuit (in this case advantageously but not mandatory the computer 18) with which one can perform tests to check if all the components of the system (CSL, readers 12a, 12b and 12c and interconnect cables 17a, 17b and 17c) function properly. Note, however, that the presence of a computer for the CSL circuit 20 is not required during normal operation of the system 10 according to the invention.
- the interface circuit 24 performs the following functions:
- It provides the interface between the microprocessor 22 and the three readers 12a, 12b and 12c; in particular, it acts as a demultiplexer between the microprocessor 22 and the DATA lines.
- the interface circuit has formed a sub-circuit (not shown) of the "Watchdog” type (monitoring circuit) to an input controlled by the microprocessor 22 and an output which drives the RESET signal of this type. latest. If the microprocessor 22 does not drive the input of the subcircuit for a certain period of time, the subcircuit drives the signal RESET.
- This solution has been preferred over the use of the "Watchdog" circuit integrated in the microprocessor or a capacity associated with the RESET line, since the last two variants can not ensure a correct start of the microprocessor when setting under pressure.
- each reader with a clock switching circuit, for example the switching circuit 28 illustrated in FIG. (after possibly turning off the internal clock divider circuit of the reader associated with the microprocessor of the latter).
- the circuit 28 is based on the integrated circuit 74HC390 of Philips Semiconductors and ensures the operation of the reader in the modes 'synchronized reader' or 'independent reader'.
- the divider by 5 is quiescent while the 4 MHz signal supplied by the circuit 24 (line 33) has passed through the divider by 2 (CKA / QA); the 2 MHz signal necessary for the reader is thus obtained on line 34, the passage through the divider (CKA / QA) also intended to ensure clear transitions of the signal, eliminating the possible disturbances introduced by the transmission cable.
- the single jumper 36 and the jumper 38a are open, the jumper 38b being closed.
- the signals at 2 MHz are thus synchronized for all the readers 12a, 12b and 12c because they come from a common time base, that of the microprocessor of the circuit processing unit 22 of the synchronization circuit 20.
- the coordinated management process according to the invention of the plurality of three readers 12a, 12b and 12c is implemented as follows.
- each reader 12a, 12b or 12c takes place in response to the commands received from the central management unit 18 (hereinafter also called computer OH). Following such a command, the reader takes actions including zero, one or more Tx / Rx cycles.
- the Tx / Rx cycle itself of the readers comprises two steps: the transmission (Tx) of a command from the reader to the chips followed by the reception (Rx) of the response of the chips by the reader.
- the answer Rx chips is automatic and follows almost immediately the end of the transmission Tx of the player concerned.
- a Tx / Rx cycle is preceded by an additional synchronization process which in particular precedes and coordinates the transmission Tx of the command with respect to the Tx commands of the other readers.
- This process is intended to ensure that no Tx interval of a player is superimposed on any Rx interval of another player and hence that the strong modulation of Tx does not disturb the weak modulation of Rx.
- the synchronization process has the function of grouping the transmission operations Tx in a first time interval and of grouping the reception operations Rx in a second time interval, without overlapping between the two time slots.
- the process synchronizes the readers 12a, 12b and 12c in such a way that all the Tx transmissions of the active readers finish at the same time allowing the Rx receptions to start in same time.
- the process is implemented by executing a CS synchronization cycle presented below.
- each reader 12a, 12b or 12c made active by a command of the computer OH 18, calculates the duration TxL of the corresponding transmission Tx, as a 16-bit integer expressing the duration of the command in multiples of the period (8 microseconds) of the carrier wave of 125 KHz. This duration is then communicated by the interface circuit 24 to the CSL synchronization circuit 20, after which the reader awaits the START signal. Only after receiving this START signal from the CSL circuit 20, the reader executes the Tx / Rx cycle, that is, the Tx transmission operations of the command to the chip 16 and the chip Rx receiver. .
- each of the three readers 12a, 12b and 12c is connected to the interface circuit 24 by means of the following logical lines (see FIG. 1):
- the transfer of TxL to the CSL circuit 20 is done in one step, using the 8 lines DATA for the transfer of the lower byte. If the upper byte is not zero, the transfer is done in three steps. First, a byte equal to zero is transferred; this value not being a value valid for a duration TxL, it signals to the circuit CSL 20 that a transfer in two steps will follow, namely the upper byte then the lower byte of the duration TxL.
- a CS timing cycle begins when a '1' is detected on at least one of the REQUEST lines.
- the cycle comprises two major steps: i) the collection of TxL numbers, extending from the beginning of the CS cycle (see Figure 4, step 400) to the detection of '0' on all BUSY lines (see figure, step 404, ii) the distribution of signals
- the symbol ⁇ - (small arrow to the left) is used to designate either the transfer of the values of the variables or constants to the right of the sign on the logical lines on the left, or the memorization of the values of the logical lines on the right in the variables on the left.
- the symbol [T] will mean that the expectation of achieving a certain logical condition does not extend to infinity, but until the expiry of a time counter, reset to zero in the first verification of the condition in question; this is to avoid blocking the system in an infinite loop in case of faulty operation in one of its components or connection cables.
- the operation of the software program attached to the CSL synchronization circuit 20 and to the readers 12a, 12b and 12c integrates the infinite loop shown in FIG. 2.
- the TxL number transfer protocol to the CSL circuit 20 used by the reader is shown in FIG. while the TxL number collection protocol used by the CSL circuit 20 is shown in Figure 4.
- the software program of the synchronization circuit CSL 20 additionally uses the following variables in the TxL collection protocol illustrated in FIG. 4: the three-input table TxL (I-3), where the TxL numbers from the three readers are stored. ; the three input TxLSET board (I - 3); the auxiliary variable D.
- the i-th reader After receiving a command from the computer OH 18, the i-th reader places a '1' on the BUSY line (step 301), thereby signaling the CSL synchronization circuit 20 its intention to participate in the CS synchronization cycle. If the top byte of his number TxL is zero (condition 301 '), the i-th reader transfers the lower byte of its TxL by depositing this byte on the DATA lines (step 302), then placing a' 1 'on the REQUEST line (step 303) ).
- the CSL circuit 20 reads the value of the DATA port (i) (step 402); this being non-zero, the CSL circuit deposits it in the lower byte of TxL (i) and writes a '1' in TxLSET (i) (step 403), the transfer of TxL being thus completed for the i-th reader.
- the ith reader deposits a zero on the DATA lines (step 304), then places a' 1 'on the REQUEST line (step 305).
- the circuit CS places a '1' on the START line of the i-th reader (step 405); in response (condition 305 '), the i-th reader transfers the upper byte of its TxL by depositing this byte on the DATA lines (step 306), then placing a' 0 'on the REQUEST line (step 307).
- the CSL circuit 20 drops the value of DATA (i) into the upper byte of TxL (i) (step 406), and then resets the START line of i-th reader at 'O' (step 407)
- the i-th reader transfers the lower byte of its TxL by depositing this byte on the DATA lines (step 302), then placing a '1' on the REQUEST line (step 303).
- the i-th reader now starts waiting for permission to send the command to the chips (execution of the Tx transmission). For this purpose, it resets the BUSY line while keeping the '1' on the REQUEST line (step 308).
- the permission is granted by the CSL circuit by placing a '1' on the START line of the i-th reader (condition 308 '); at this time, the i-th reader resets its REQUEST line (step 309), then places a '1' on its BUSY line (step 310). Then the reader runs its Tx / Rx cycle and sends its command to the chips and receives the response. The current Tx / Rx cycle is thus completed.
- Tx1 (i) and Tx1SET (i) set to zero (step 408).
- the CSL synchronization circuit 20 also starts the synchronization of the current CS cycle when all the BUSY lines from the three readers 12a, 12b and 12c are set to zero. This condition is distinguished from the situation where all readers are idle by the fact that there is at least one REQUEST line set to '1'.
- the synchronization method depends on the number of readers participating in the current CS synchronization cycle, equal to the number Nx of the non-zero TxL values that have just been transferred.
- the invention is not limited to a plurality NL of 3 readers and can be implemented with a larger number of readers subject to modify the circuits and software accordingly based on the information data above and to the extent that commands sent by separate readers do not significantly disturb each other.
- the invention is not limited to radio frequency contactless reading and / or writing of chip chips for casino and gaming rooms but applies to all reading applications.
- contactless RFID entries of tokens, plates or electronic smart card for example, non-limiting, tokens or access card, countermarks or electronic tags, etc.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2005/000850 WO2006106192A1 (fr) | 2005-04-07 | 2005-04-07 | Procede de gestion d'une pluralite de lecteurs de jetons a puce electronique et equipements de mise en oeuvre dudit procede. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1766589A1 true EP1766589A1 (fr) | 2007-03-28 |
EP1766589B1 EP1766589B1 (fr) | 2013-05-22 |
Family
ID=35448311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05753731.8A Not-in-force EP1766589B1 (fr) | 2005-04-07 | 2005-04-07 | Procede de gestion d'une pluralite de lecteurs de jetons a puce electronique et equipements de mise en oeuvre dudit procede. |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7382229B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1766589B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2005203494B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2529134C (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2425355T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1766589E (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006106192A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2888372B1 (fr) | 2005-07-08 | 2007-10-12 | Caming Partners Internationale | Jeton a puce electronique et son procede de fabrication |
JP5060900B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-02 | 2012-10-31 | 株式会社ユニバーサルエンターテインメント | 遊技用ベット装置 |
US8137174B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2012-03-20 | Igt | Gaming system, gaming device, and method providing multiple hand card game |
JP7146943B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-01 | 2022-10-04 | エンゼルグループ株式会社 | アンテナスイッチ |
GB2580159B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-01-06 | Graphcore Ltd | Scheduling messages |
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-
2005
- 2005-04-07 CA CA2529134A patent/CA2529134C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-07 US US10/541,319 patent/US7382229B2/en active Active
- 2005-04-07 EP EP05753731.8A patent/EP1766589B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-04-07 PT PT57537318T patent/PT1766589E/pt unknown
- 2005-04-07 ES ES05753731T patent/ES2425355T3/es active Active
- 2005-04-07 AU AU2005203494A patent/AU2005203494B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-04-07 WO PCT/FR2005/000850 patent/WO2006106192A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006106192A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT1766589E (pt) | 2013-08-23 |
EP1766589B1 (fr) | 2013-05-22 |
ES2425355T3 (es) | 2013-10-14 |
WO2006106192A1 (fr) | 2006-10-12 |
CA2529134A1 (fr) | 2006-10-07 |
AU2005203494A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
US7382229B2 (en) | 2008-06-03 |
AU2005203494B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
US20070167134A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
CA2529134C (fr) | 2013-06-04 |
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