EP1951528B2 - Optical structure, especially for a security document and/or a document of value - Google Patents

Optical structure, especially for a security document and/or a document of value Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1951528B2
EP1951528B2 EP06831348.5A EP06831348A EP1951528B2 EP 1951528 B2 EP1951528 B2 EP 1951528B2 EP 06831348 A EP06831348 A EP 06831348A EP 1951528 B2 EP1951528 B2 EP 1951528B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microreliefs
interface
medium
refraction index
optical structure
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Application number
EP06831348.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1951528B1 (en
EP1951528A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Camus
Henri Rosset
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ArjoWiggins Security SAS
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ArjoWiggins Security SAS
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324Reliefs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29Securities; Bank notes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07DHANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/003Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
    • B42D2035/20

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical structure, in particular for a security document and / or value.
  • the patent US 5,301,981 describes a ribbon comprising, on a first face, microreliefs forming a lenticular network.
  • the ribbon has, on a second face opposite to the first, a succession of parallel black strips arranged in such a way that, when the ribbon is observed in a direction perpendicular to its plane, the light beams are directed by the microreliefs on the strips. black. This gives a black image forming a screen to hide information on a document on which the ribbon is affixed.
  • the patent CH 691750 shows an optical structure with two microstructures.
  • the invention aims to provide an optical structure, particularly for a security document and / or value, to create new optical effects in particular to enhance the security of the document against a possible attempt to counterfeit.
  • the invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, an optical structure according to claim 1.
  • the interfaces may for example generate optical effects, possibly variable depending on the angle of observation, which are different from one interface to another.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to create, in visible and / or infrared and / or ultraviolet light, new visual effects in order, for example, to improve the aesthetics of a document and / or the security thereof against an attempt to infringement.
  • the interfaces may, if necessary, be entirely offset relative to each other, that is to say without overlapping portions.
  • this pattern may have a different visual appearance of the visual appearance of an area surrounding it.
  • the pattern may comprise for example an alphanumeric character, a symbol, a logo or a drawing.
  • At least one of the microrelief arrays is superimposed at least partially, in particular exactly, on a substantially smooth zone, devoid of microrelief, of one of the outer faces.
  • At least one of the interfaces may be formed for example on one of the outer faces of the structure.
  • At least one of the first and fourth media may be formed by the ambient air.
  • the second and third media may be formed for example by the same material and have the same refractive index, especially a material having a refractive index greater than 1, especially 1.5, for example 2.
  • the second and third media may be formed by different materials and / or having different refractive indices.
  • the first medium may be formed for example by a first material on which the first micro-relief array is made and the second medium by a second deposited material, in particular by vacuum deposition, on the first material.
  • the second material may partially or wholly cover the first material and form, if desired, at least one pattern.
  • the second material may form, if necessary, an outer protection of the optical structure and have a refractive index, for example greater than 1.8.
  • the second material can be obtained for example by vaporization, for example zinc sulphide having a refractive index of about 2.3.
  • the difference between the second refractive index and the first refractive index is greater than 0.1, more preferably 0.15, preferably 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4. Preferably, this difference is between 0.4 and 0.6.
  • the difference between the third refractive index and the fourth refractive index is greater than 0.1, more preferably 0.15, preferably 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4. Preferably, this difference is between 0.4 and 0.6.
  • At least one of the interfaces is arranged so that, for at least a first range of observation angles, a portion of the structure at the right of this interface appears substantially transparent when the structure is observed from the one first and second outer faces, especially in visible light and / or infrared and / or ultraviolet.
  • At least one of the interfaces is arranged so that, for at least a second range of observation angles, a portion of the structure at the right of this interface appears substantially reflective when the structure is observed from an outside face , especially in visible light and / or infrared and / or ultraviolet.
  • At least one of the interfaces is arranged in such a way that, for a first range of observation angles, a portion of the structure at the right of this interface appears substantially transparent when the structure is observed from an outside face. predetermined, and for a second range of observation angles, this portion of the structure appears substantially reflective when the structure is observed from said outer face.
  • the interface or interfaces when the interface or interfaces have a contour defining a pattern, it may appear, in visible light, with a reflective or transparent appearance depending on the viewing angle of the structure.
  • the invention can, if necessary, allow, by varying the angle of observation, to see the pattern successively positive, with a reflective appearance and surrounded by a transparent zone and, in negative, with a transparent appearance surrounded by a reflective area.
  • At least one of the microreliefs has substantially a triangular prism shape.
  • the network of microreliefs may be arranged for example so as to restore a metallized appearance, especially reflecting, when the optical structure is observed in a predetermined range of angles.
  • microrelief array may be similar to that present on the film marketed by 3M under the name Scotch TM Optical Lighting Film.
  • At least one of the microreliefs comprises at least one curved, concave or convex surface, each curved surface being able to create a lens effect.
  • the curved surface may for example be a half-cylindrical surface or spherical cap, in particular half-spherical, this list not being limiting.
  • the microreliefs may have a thickness, for example, greater than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the microreliefs is preferably less than 10 mm, especially 1 mm.
  • At least a portion of the microreliefs extends in a longitudinal direction, the microreliefs being substantially parallel to each other.
  • the microreliefs respectively of the first and second networks may be identical or, alternatively, different, for example having different shapes and / or dimensions.
  • the microreliefs of the first and second networks can be made on a common support, on the same face of this support or on two opposite faces thereof.
  • the optical structure may comprise, for example, a support with at least one micro-relief array on one side, the microrelief network being partially covered with a coating layer having a refractive index higher than that of the support, so that the first interface is formed between the support and the ambient air and the second interface between the support and the coating layer, the first and second interfaces being in particular adjacent.
  • the coating layer may comprise, for example, zinc sulphide.
  • optical structure according to the invention can thus be made relatively easily because a single set of microreliefs can be used to form the two interfaces.
  • first and second microrelief networks may be made on separate supports.
  • the structure may comprise, if desired, at least one electrically conductive material.
  • the authentication and / or the identification of the structure can thus be based on a measurement of the electrical conductivity of the latter, in addition to its visual observation.
  • the structure comprises at least one support on which at least a portion of the microreliefs is made, the support being in particular made of a substantially transparent polymer material, such as polyester or PMMA ( polymethylmethacrylate).
  • a substantially transparent polymer material such as polyester or PMMA ( polymethylmethacrylate).
  • the support may comprise an electrically conductive layer, for example based on a polymer conductor such as polythiophene or its derivatives or based on a composite of indium tin oxide.
  • the structure may be devoid of metal, in particular a metallized layer.
  • the structure may be arranged to be able to be transferred at least partially to a face of a document, the structure may comprise at least one layer of adhesive.
  • the structure may comprise, in addition to the microrelief network, at least one authentication and / or identification element chosen from at least one of the following elements: an element for highlighting a falsification, in particular visible and or detectable with the aid of a specific detection device, an element with variable optical effect, interferential and / or diffractive, iridescent or liquid crystal, a magnetic coating, tracers detectable by X-ray fluorescence, biomarkers, a varnish or an ink, luminescent, fluorescent or phosphorescent tracers, photochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and / or piezochromic compounds and / or which change color in contact with one or more predetermined products.
  • the structure may comprise, where appropriate, at least one fluorescent material under infrared and / or ultraviolet radiation, deposited for example in the form of a layer, in particular on one of the faces of the structure.
  • the invention can thus make it possible to observe, in visible light, under infrared and / or ultraviolet radiation excitations, an underlying fluorescent layer, through the portion of the structure appearing transparent for the first range of observation angles. .
  • the aforementioned portion of the structure being reflective, does not allow the observation of the fluorescence of the underlying layer.
  • the structure is arranged so that, when viewed at a predetermined angle and from a predetermined face, the structure has both at least one substantially transparent zone and at least one less a substantially reflective zone.
  • the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, a sheet material comprising an optical structure as defined above.
  • sheet material may denote in the description and the claims a fibrous sheet based on cellulosic and / or synthetic fibers, having a monolayer or multilayer structure, composite or not.
  • a sheet material may for example have a relatively small thickness, especially less than or equal to 3 mm, for example equal to about 100 microns, and be flexible.
  • the sheet material may be packaged in a reel, in particular before being cut into the desired format.
  • sheet material can also denote a flexible or rigid film with a monolithic or multilayer structure.
  • the optical structure advantageously comprises at least one apparent portion on one side of the sheet material.
  • the optical structure may be partially embedded in the mass of the sheet material, the latter including in particular at least one window leaving the optical structure unobstructed.
  • the optical structure When the optical structure has a strip shape, it may extend from a first edge of the sheet material to a second edge opposite the first.
  • the optical structure is disposed on one side of the sheet material, for example being glued to this face.
  • the sheet material comprises at least one piece of information such as an alphanumeric character, a symbol, a logo or a drawing, the optical structure being arranged so as to be able to mask substantially the information element when this structure is observed in a first range of angles and has a reflective appearance.
  • the sheet material may comprise at least one fibrous layer or, alternatively, a plastics material.
  • At least one of the first and second outer faces of the optical structure may be in contact with the ambient air or the fibrous material of the sheet material.
  • the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, a security document and / or value comprising a sheet material as defined above.
  • the document may be one of the following: a bank note, an identity document, a passport sheet or cover, a visa, a coupon, a document of value other than a bank note, for example a check or a credit card, a label of protection and / or authentication, a label of traceability.
  • the optical structure 1 comprises on each of the faces 2 and 3 at least one microrelief network 5 extending over a portion 4 only of the corresponding face 2 or 3, as shown in FIG. figure 5 .
  • the structure 1 has a first interface 11, respectively a second interface 12, formed by the microrelief array or networks 5 of the first face 2, respectively the second face 3, as illustrated in FIG. figure 5 .
  • Each network 5 comprises in the example in question microreliefs 6 represented in FIG. figure 3 , in the form of a triangular prism each having dimensions, in cross section, greater than the wavelengths of visible light, and possibly near-infrared radiation. These dimensions, in particular the thickness e of the microreliefs, may for example be greater than 1 ⁇ m, especially 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the distance d between the vertices of two adjacent prisms may be between 100 microns and 900 microns, being for example close to 350 microns.
  • the thickness e of a prism can be for example between 50 microns and 300 microns, for example being close to 170 microns.
  • the maximum thickness E of the optical structure 1 may be between 100 ⁇ m and 900 ⁇ m, being for example close to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the angle ⁇ between a local normal X to the optical structure 1 and a face of a microrelief 6 may be between 30 ° and 60 °, being for example close to 45 °.
  • microreliefs 6 are advantageously chosen as a function of the refractive index of the material or materials used in the structure 1.
  • microreliefs 6 form parallel striations in the example under consideration.
  • the microrelief network 5 may for example be similar to that present on the film marketed by the American company 3M under the name Scotch TM Optical Lighting Film.
  • the structure 1 is preferably flexible, for example being able to be foldable.
  • the microreliefs 6 are made of a material 15 having a refractive index greater than that of air, this material may be for example a transparent polymer such as polyester or PMMA.
  • the microreliefs 6 can be obtained for example by etching, mechanical or chemical.
  • microreliefs 6 can be obtained by printing an ink or by embossing.
  • a first medium of refractive index n 1 (formed by the ambient air) is passed to a second medium (formed by the material 15) of refractive index n 2 higher than n 1 .
  • Each array of microreliefs 5 on the face 2, respectively on the face 3, is superimposed exactly on a substantially smooth zone 8 of the other face.
  • angles at 0 , a 1 , and a 2 can for example be substantially equal to 0 °, 45 ° and 90 ° respectively.
  • angles at 3 , 4 and 5 may for example be substantially equal to 0 °, 45 ° and 90 °, respectively.
  • the at least one microrelief network 5 may define, in positive or in negative, at least one pattern 10 formed for example by a text, a symbol, a logo and / or a drawing.
  • the pattern 10 may appear substantially transparently surrounded by a substantially reflective zone, as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the pattern 10 may appear with a substantially reflective appearance surrounded by a substantially transparent area as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the structure 1 may comprise, where appropriate, a succession of patterns 10 repeating regularly in one direction.
  • the network of microreliefs 5 may be arranged to restore a reflective metal appearance depending on the viewing angle.
  • the material on which the microrelief arrays 5 are formed may be based on a transparent polymer.
  • the structure 1 extends from a first edge 23 of the sheet material 21 to a second edge 24 opposite to the first.
  • the sheet material 21 may comprise one or more windows 22 leaving the optical structure 1 unobstructed.
  • the window or windows may be made for example by means of reliefs present on a rotating roll cylinder of a paper machine used to manufacture the sheet material, as described for example in patent applications. EP 0 860 298 and EP 0 625 431 .
  • Document 20 may alternatively be one of the following: an identity document, a passport sheet or cover, a visa, a coupon, a valuable document other than a banknote, for example a check or a credit card, a label of protection and / or authentication, a label of traceability.
  • the optical structure 1 may comprise, in addition to the microrelief network or networks 5, at least one authentication and / or identification element chosen from at least one of the following elements: a highlighting element of a falsification, in particular visible and / or detectable by means of a specific detection device, an element with variable, interferential and / or diffractive, iridescent or liquid crystal optical effect, a magnetic coating, tracers detectable by X-ray fluorescence, biomarkers, a varnish or an ink, luminescent, fluorescent or phosphorescent tracers, photochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and / or piezochromic compounds and / or which change color in contact with one or more predetermined products.
  • a highlighting element of a falsification in particular visible and / or detectable by means of a specific detection device
  • an element with variable, interferential and / or diffractive, iridescent or liquid crystal optical effect a magnetic coating
  • tracers detectable by X-ray fluor
  • the optical structure 1 may comprise a monolithic support 29 based on the material 15, on the faces 2 and 3 of which the micro-relief arrays 5 are formed, as illustrated in FIG. figure 5 .
  • the optical structure 1 may comprise a monolithic support 30 such as a film, having a first completely smooth face 31 and, on a second face 32 opposite the first face 31, portions 4 covered by one or more networks 5 of separated microreliefs by zones 8 substantially smooth.
  • a monolithic support 30 such as a film, having a first completely smooth face 31 and, on a second face 32 opposite the first face 31, portions 4 covered by one or more networks 5 of separated microreliefs by zones 8 substantially smooth.
  • the structure 1 further comprises at least one element 33 of smaller area than the support 30 and fixed.

Abstract

An optical structure comprising first and second opposite outside faces, at least a first interface comprising a first screen of microreliefs and arranged in such a manner that travel through the first interface from the first outside face towards the second outside face, passes from a first medium having a first refractive index to a second medium having a second refractive index that is greater than the first, and at least one second interface comprising a second screen of microreliefs and arranged in such a manner that travel through the second interface from the first outside face towards the second outside face, passes from a third medium having a third refractive index to a fourth medium having a fourth refractive index less than the third.

Description

La présente invention concerne une structure optique, notamment pour un document de sécurité et/ou de valeur.The present invention relates to an optical structure, in particular for a security document and / or value.

On connaît par la demande internationale WO 03/082598 un document avec, sur une face, un dispositif de sécurité comportant deux structures superposées, chacune pouvant générer une image holographique. Selon l'angle d'observation, l'image holographique de l'une ou l'autre des structures apparaît.We know by international demand WO 03/082598 a document with, on one side, a security device comprising two superimposed structures, each of which can generate a holographic image. Depending on the angle of observation, the holographic image of one or other of the structures appears.

Le brevet US 5 301 981 décrit un ruban comprenant sur une première face des microreliefs formant un réseau lenticulaire. Le ruban présente, sur une deuxième face opposée à la première, une succession de bandes noires parallèles disposées de manière à ce que, lorsque le ruban est observé suivant une direction perpendiculaire à son plan, les faisceaux lumineux soient dirigés par les microreliefs sur les bandes noires. Ceci donne une image noire formant un écran pour masquer des informations figurant sur un document sur lequel le ruban est apposé.The patent US 5,301,981 describes a ribbon comprising, on a first face, microreliefs forming a lenticular network. The ribbon has, on a second face opposite to the first, a succession of parallel black strips arranged in such a way that, when the ribbon is observed in a direction perpendicular to its plane, the light beams are directed by the microreliefs on the strips. black. This gives a black image forming a screen to hide information on a document on which the ribbon is affixed.

On connaît par la demande internationale WO 02/03104 une structure optique capable de créer une première image, par exemple holographique, en réflexion et une deuxième image en transmission.We know by international demand WO 02/03104 an optical structure capable of creating a first image, for example holographic, in reflection and a second image in transmission.

On connaît encore par la demande internationale WO 03/055692 un document sur lequel est appliquée une structure à reliefs prismatiques qui est totalement réfléchissante sous un certain angle d'observation de manière à masquer des informations figurant sur le document, et transparente sous un autre angle d'observation de manière à rendre apparentes ces informations.We still know by international demand WO 03/055692 a document on which is applied a prismatic relief structure which is totally reflective under a certain angle of observation so as to mask information on the document, and transparent from another angle of observation so as to make this information apparent.

Le brevet CH 691750 montre une structure optique avec deux microstructures.The patent CH 691750 shows an optical structure with two microstructures.

L'invention vise à proposer une structure optique, notamment pour un document de sécurité et/ou de valeur, permettant de créer de nouveaux effets optiques en vue notamment de renforcer la sécurité du document contre une éventuelle tentative de contrefaçon.The invention aims to provide an optical structure, particularly for a security document and / or value, to create new optical effects in particular to enhance the security of the document against a possible attempt to counterfeit.

L'invention a ainsi pour objet, selon l'un de ses aspects, une structure optique selon la revendication 1.The invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, an optical structure according to claim 1.

Les interfaces peuvent par exemple générer des effets optiques, éventuellement variables selon l'angle d'observation, qui sont différents d'une interface à l'autre.The interfaces may for example generate optical effects, possibly variable depending on the angle of observation, which are different from one interface to another.

L'invention permet ainsi de créer, en lumière visible et/ou infrarouge et/ou ultraviolette, de nouveaux effets visuels afin par exemple d'améliorer l'esthétique d'un document et/ou la sécurité de celui-ci contre une tentative de contrefaçon.The invention thus makes it possible to create, in visible and / or infrared and / or ultraviolet light, new visual effects in order, for example, to improve the aesthetics of a document and / or the security thereof against an attempt to infringement.

Les interfaces peuvent, le cas échéant, être entièrement décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre, c'est-à-dire sans portions se superposant.The interfaces may, if necessary, be entirely offset relative to each other, that is to say without overlapping portions.

Lorsque l'une au moins des interfaces présente un contour définissant un motif, en positif ou en négatif, ce motif peut présenter un aspect visuel différent de l'aspect visuel d'une zone l'entourant.When at least one of the interfaces has a contour defining a pattern, positive or negative, this pattern may have a different visual appearance of the visual appearance of an area surrounding it.

Le motif peut comporter par exemple un caractère alphanumérique, un symbole, un logo ou un dessin.The pattern may comprise for example an alphanumeric character, a symbol, a logo or a drawing.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, l'un au moins des réseaux de microreliefs se superpose au moins partiellement, notamment exactement, à une zone sensiblement lisse, dépourvue de microrelief, de l'une des faces extérieures.In an exemplary implementation of the invention, at least one of the microrelief arrays is superimposed at least partially, in particular exactly, on a substantially smooth zone, devoid of microrelief, of one of the outer faces.

L'une au moins des interfaces peut être formée par exemple sur l'une des faces extérieures de la structure.At least one of the interfaces may be formed for example on one of the outer faces of the structure.

L'un au moins des premier et quatrième milieux peut être formé par l'air ambiant.At least one of the first and fourth media may be formed by the ambient air.

Les deuxième et troisième milieux peuvent être formés par exemple par un même matériau et avoir le même indice de réfraction, notamment un matériau ayant un indice de réfraction supérieur à 1, notamment 1,5, par exemple 2.The second and third media may be formed for example by the same material and have the same refractive index, especially a material having a refractive index greater than 1, especially 1.5, for example 2.

En variante, les deuxième et troisième milieux peuvent être formés par des matériaux différents et/ou ayant des indices de réfraction différents.Alternatively, the second and third media may be formed by different materials and / or having different refractive indices.

Le premier milieu peut être formé par exemple par un premier matériau sur lequel est réalisé le premier réseau de microreliefs et le deuxième milieu par un deuxième matériau déposé, notamment par dépôt sous vide, sur le premier matériau.The first medium may be formed for example by a first material on which the first micro-relief array is made and the second medium by a second deposited material, in particular by vacuum deposition, on the first material.

Le deuxième matériau peut recouvrir partiellement ou entièrement le premier matériau et former, si on le souhaite, au moins un motif. Le deuxième matériau peut former, le cas échéant, une protection extérieure de la structure optique et présenter un indice de réfraction par exemple supérieur à 1,8.The second material may partially or wholly cover the first material and form, if desired, at least one pattern. The second material may form, if necessary, an outer protection of the optical structure and have a refractive index, for example greater than 1.8.

Le deuxième matériau peut être obtenu par exemple par vaporisation, par exemple de sulfure de zinc ayant un indice de réfraction d'environ 2,3.The second material can be obtained for example by vaporization, for example zinc sulphide having a refractive index of about 2.3.

De préférence, la différence entre le deuxième indice de réfraction et le premier indice de réfraction est supérieure à 0,1, de préférence encore à 0,15, de préférence à 0,2 ou 0,3 ou 0,4. De préférence, cette différence est comprise entre 0,4 et 0,6.Preferably, the difference between the second refractive index and the first refractive index is greater than 0.1, more preferably 0.15, preferably 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4. Preferably, this difference is between 0.4 and 0.6.

De préférence, la différence entre le troisième indice de réfraction et le quatrième indice de réfraction est supérieure à 0,1, de préférence encore à 0,15, de préférence à 0,2 ou 0,3 ou 0,4. De préférence, cette différence est comprise entre 0,4 et 0,6.Preferably, the difference between the third refractive index and the fourth refractive index is greater than 0.1, more preferably 0.15, preferably 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4. Preferably, this difference is between 0.4 and 0.6.

L'une au moins des interfaces est agencée de manière à ce que, pour au moins une première plage d'angles d'observation, une portion de la structure au droit de cette interface apparaisse sensiblement transparente lorsque la structure est observée depuis l'une des première et deuxième faces extérieures, notamment en lumière visible et/ou infrarouge et/ou ultraviolette.At least one of the interfaces is arranged so that, for at least a first range of observation angles, a portion of the structure at the right of this interface appears substantially transparent when the structure is observed from the one first and second outer faces, especially in visible light and / or infrared and / or ultraviolet.

L'une au moins des interfaces est agencée de manière à ce que, pour au moins une deuxième plage d'angles d'observation, une portion de la structure au droit de cette interface apparaisse sensiblement réfléchissante lorsque la structure est observée depuis une face extérieure, notamment en lumière visible et/ou infrarouge et/ou ultraviolette.At least one of the interfaces is arranged so that, for at least a second range of observation angles, a portion of the structure at the right of this interface appears substantially reflective when the structure is observed from an outside face , especially in visible light and / or infrared and / or ultraviolet.

Avantageusement, l'une au moins des interfaces est agencée de manière à ce que, pour une première plage d'angles d'observation, une portion de la structure au droit de cette interface apparaisse sensiblement transparente lorsque la structure est observée depuis une face extérieure prédéterminée et, pour une deuxième plage d'angles d'observation, cette portion de la structure apparaisse sensiblement réfléchissante lorsque la structure est observée depuis ladite face extérieure.Advantageously, at least one of the interfaces is arranged in such a way that, for a first range of observation angles, a portion of the structure at the right of this interface appears substantially transparent when the structure is observed from an outside face. predetermined, and for a second range of observation angles, this portion of the structure appears substantially reflective when the structure is observed from said outer face.

Ainsi, lorsque la ou les interfaces présentent un contour définissant un motif, celui-ci peut apparaître, en lumière visible, avec un aspect réfléchissant ou transparent selon l'angle d'observation de la structure.Thus, when the interface or interfaces have a contour defining a pattern, it may appear, in visible light, with a reflective or transparent appearance depending on the viewing angle of the structure.

L'invention peut, le cas échéant, permettre, en faisant varier l'angle d'observation, d'apercevoir le motif successivement en positif, avec un aspect réfléchissant et entouré d'une zone transparente et, en négatif, avec un aspect transparent, entouré d'une zone réfléchissante.The invention can, if necessary, allow, by varying the angle of observation, to see the pattern successively positive, with a reflective appearance and surrounded by a transparent zone and, in negative, with a transparent appearance surrounded by a reflective area.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, l'un au moins des microreliefs présente sensiblement une forme en prisme triangulaire.In an exemplary implementation of the invention, at least one of the microreliefs has substantially a triangular prism shape.

Le réseau de microreliefs peut être agencé par exemple de manière à restituer un aspect métallisé, notamment réfléchissant, lorsque la structure optique est observée suivant une plage d'angles prédéterminée.The network of microreliefs may be arranged for example so as to restore a metallized appearance, especially reflecting, when the optical structure is observed in a predetermined range of angles.

Le ou les réseaux de microreliefs peuvent par exemple être analogues à celui présent sur le film commercialisé par la société 3M sous la dénomination Scotch™ Optical Lighting Film.For example, the microrelief array (s) may be similar to that present on the film marketed by 3M under the name Scotch ™ Optical Lighting Film.

Dans un autre exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, l'un au moins des microreliefs comporte au moins une surface courbe, concave ou convexe, chaque surface courbe pouvant créer un effet de lentille.In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, at least one of the microreliefs comprises at least one curved, concave or convex surface, each curved surface being able to create a lens effect.

La surface courbe peut par exemple être une surface demi-cylindrique ou en calotte sphérique, notamment demi-sphérique, cette liste n'étant pas limitative.The curved surface may for example be a half-cylindrical surface or spherical cap, in particular half-spherical, this list not being limiting.

Les microreliefs peuvent présenter une épaisseur par exemple supérieure à 1 µm.The microreliefs may have a thickness, for example, greater than 1 μm.

L'épaisseur des microreliefs est de préférence inférieure à 10 mm, notamment 1 mm.The thickness of the microreliefs is preferably less than 10 mm, especially 1 mm.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, une partie au moins des microreliefs s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale, les microreliefs étant sensiblement parallèles les uns aux autres.In an exemplary implementation of the invention, at least a portion of the microreliefs extends in a longitudinal direction, the microreliefs being substantially parallel to each other.

Les microreliefs respectivement des premier et deuxième réseaux peuvent être identiques ou, en variante, différents, par exemple ayant des formes et/ou des dimensions différentes.The microreliefs respectively of the first and second networks may be identical or, alternatively, different, for example having different shapes and / or dimensions.

Les microreliefs des premier et deuxième réseaux peuvent être réalisés sur un support commun, sur une même face de ce support ou sur deux faces opposées de celui-ci.The microreliefs of the first and second networks can be made on a common support, on the same face of this support or on two opposite faces thereof.

La structure optique peut comporter par exemple un support avec sur une face au moins un réseau de microreliefs, le réseau de microreliefs étant recouvert partiellement d'une couche de revêtement ayant un indice de réfraction plus élevé que celui du support de manière à ce que la première interface soit formée entre le support et l'air ambiant et la deuxième interface entre le support et la couche de revêtement, les première et deuxième interfaces étant notamment adjacentes. La couche de revêtement peut comporter par exemple du sulfure de zinc.The optical structure may comprise, for example, a support with at least one micro-relief array on one side, the microrelief network being partially covered with a coating layer having a refractive index higher than that of the support, so that the first interface is formed between the support and the ambient air and the second interface between the support and the coating layer, the first and second interfaces being in particular adjacent. The coating layer may comprise, for example, zinc sulphide.

La structure optique selon l'invention peut ainsi être réalisée de manière relativement aisée du fait qu'un unique ensemble de microreliefs peut servir pour former les deux interfaces.The optical structure according to the invention can thus be made relatively easily because a single set of microreliefs can be used to form the two interfaces.

Dans un autre exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, les premier et deuxième réseaux de microreliefs peuvent être réalisés sur des supports distincts.In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the first and second microrelief networks may be made on separate supports.

La structure peut comporter, si on le souhaite, au moins un matériau électriquement conducteur.The structure may comprise, if desired, at least one electrically conductive material.

L'authentification et/ou l'identification de la structure peut ainsi être basée sur une mesure de la conductivité électrique de celle-ci, en plus de son observation visuelle.The authentication and / or the identification of the structure can thus be based on a measurement of the electrical conductivity of the latter, in addition to its visual observation.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, la structure comporte au moins un support sur lequel est réalisée une partie au moins des microreliefs, le support étant notamment réalisé en un matériau polymère sensiblement transparent, tel que le polyester ou le PMMA (polyméthacrylate de méthyle).In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the structure comprises at least one support on which at least a portion of the microreliefs is made, the support being in particular made of a substantially transparent polymer material, such as polyester or PMMA ( polymethylmethacrylate).

Le support peut comporter une couche électriquement conductrice, par exemple à base d'un polymère conducteur tel que le polythiophène ou ses dérivés ou à base d'un composite d'oxyde d'indium étain.The support may comprise an electrically conductive layer, for example based on a polymer conductor such as polythiophene or its derivatives or based on a composite of indium tin oxide.

La structure peut être dépourvue de métal, notamment d'une couche métallisée.The structure may be devoid of metal, in particular a metallized layer.

Le cas échéant, la structure peut être agencée pour pouvoir être transférée au moins partiellement sur une face d'un document, la structure pouvant comporter au moins une couche d'adhésif.Where appropriate, the structure may be arranged to be able to be transferred at least partially to a face of a document, the structure may comprise at least one layer of adhesive.

La structure peut comporter, en plus du réseau de microreliefs, au moins un élément d'authentification et/ou d'identification choisi parmi au moins l'un des éléments suivants : un élément de mise en évidence d'une falsification, notamment visible et/ou détectable à l'aide d'un dispositif spécifique de détection, un élément à effet optique variable, interférentiel et/ou diffractif, iridescent ou à cristaux liquides, un revêtement magnétique, des traceurs détectables par fluorescence X, des biomarqueurs, un vernis ou une encre, des traceurs luminescents, fluorescents ou phosphorescents, des composés photochromiques, thermochromiques, électroluminescents et/ou piézochromiques et/ou qui changent de couleur au contact d'un ou de plusieurs produits prédéterminés.The structure may comprise, in addition to the microrelief network, at least one authentication and / or identification element chosen from at least one of the following elements: an element for highlighting a falsification, in particular visible and or detectable with the aid of a specific detection device, an element with variable optical effect, interferential and / or diffractive, iridescent or liquid crystal, a magnetic coating, tracers detectable by X-ray fluorescence, biomarkers, a varnish or an ink, luminescent, fluorescent or phosphorescent tracers, photochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and / or piezochromic compounds and / or which change color in contact with one or more predetermined products.

La structure peut comporter, le cas échéant, au moins un matériau fluorescent sous rayonnement infrarouge et/ou ultraviolet, déposé par exemple sous la forme d'une couche, notamment sur l'une des faces de la structure.The structure may comprise, where appropriate, at least one fluorescent material under infrared and / or ultraviolet radiation, deposited for example in the form of a layer, in particular on one of the faces of the structure.

L'invention peut ainsi permettre d'observer, en lumière visible, sous excitations en rayonnement infrarouge et/ou ultraviolet, une couche fluorescente sous-jacente, à travers la portion de la structure apparaissant transparente pour la première plage d'angles d'observation.The invention can thus make it possible to observe, in visible light, under infrared and / or ultraviolet radiation excitations, an underlying fluorescent layer, through the portion of the structure appearing transparent for the first range of observation angles. .

Pour la deuxième plage d'angles d'observation, la portion précitée de la structure, étant réfléchissante, ne permet pas l'observation de la fluorescence de la couche sous-jacente.For the second range of observation angles, the aforementioned portion of the structure, being reflective, does not allow the observation of the fluorescence of the underlying layer.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, la structure est agencée de manière à ce que, lorsqu'elle est observée sous un angle et depuis une face prédéterminés, la structure présente à la fois au moins une zone sensiblement transparente et au moins une zone sensiblement réfléchissante.In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the structure is arranged so that, when viewed at a predetermined angle and from a predetermined face, the structure has both at least one substantially transparent zone and at least one less a substantially reflective zone.

L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un matériau en feuille comprenant une structure optique telle que définie ci-dessus.The invention further relates, in another of its aspects, a sheet material comprising an optical structure as defined above.

L'expression « matériau en feuille » peut désigner dans la description et les revendications une feuille fibreuse à base de fibres cellulosiques et/ou synthétiques, présentant une structure monocouche ou multicouche, composite ou non. Un matériau en feuille peut par exemple présenter une épaisseur relativement faible, notamment inférieure ou égale à 3 mm, par exemple égale à 100 µm environ, et être flexible. Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le matériau en feuille peut être conditionné en bobine, notamment avant d'être découpé au format souhaité. L'expression « matériau en feuille » peut également désigner un film souple ou rigide, à structure monolithique ou multicouche.The term "sheet material" may denote in the description and the claims a fibrous sheet based on cellulosic and / or synthetic fibers, having a monolayer or multilayer structure, composite or not. A sheet material may for example have a relatively small thickness, especially less than or equal to 3 mm, for example equal to about 100 microns, and be flexible. In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the sheet material may be packaged in a reel, in particular before being cut into the desired format. The expression "sheet material" can also denote a flexible or rigid film with a monolithic or multilayer structure.

La structure optique comporte avantageusement au moins une portion apparente sur une face du matériau en feuille.The optical structure advantageously comprises at least one apparent portion on one side of the sheet material.

La structure optique peut être partiellement noyée dans la masse du matériau en feuille, celui-ci comportant notamment au moins une fenêtre laissant dégagée la structure optique.The optical structure may be partially embedded in the mass of the sheet material, the latter including in particular at least one window leaving the optical structure unobstructed.

Lorsque la structure optique présente une forme en bande, celle-ci peut s'étendre d'un premier bord du matériau en feuille à un deuxième bord, opposé au premier.When the optical structure has a strip shape, it may extend from a first edge of the sheet material to a second edge opposite the first.

En variante, la structure optique est disposée sur une face du matériau en feuille, en étant par exemple collée sur cette face.Alternatively, the optical structure is disposed on one side of the sheet material, for example being glued to this face.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le matériau en feuille comporte au moins un élément d'information tel qu'un caractère alphanumérique, un symbole, un logo ou un dessin, la structure optique étant agencée de manière à pouvoir masquer sensiblement l'élément d'information lorsque cette structure est observée suivant une première plage d'angles et présente un aspect réfléchissant.In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the sheet material comprises at least one piece of information such as an alphanumeric character, a symbol, a logo or a drawing, the optical structure being arranged so as to be able to mask substantially the information element when this structure is observed in a first range of angles and has a reflective appearance.

Le matériau en feuille peut comporter au moins une couche fibreuse ou, en variante, une matière plastique.The sheet material may comprise at least one fibrous layer or, alternatively, a plastics material.

Selon le cas, l'une au moins des première et deuxième faces extérieures de la structure optique peut être au contact de l'air ambiant ou de la matière fibreuse du matériau en feuille.Depending on the case, at least one of the first and second outer faces of the optical structure may be in contact with the ambient air or the fibrous material of the sheet material.

L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un document de sécurité et/ou de valeur comportant un matériau en feuille tel que défini ci-dessus.The invention further relates, in another of its aspects, a security document and / or value comprising a sheet material as defined above.

Le document peut constituer l'un des éléments suivants : un billet de banque, un document d'identité, une feuille ou une couverture de passeport, un visa, un coupon, un document de valeur autre qu'un billet de banque, par exemple un chèque ou une carte de crédit, une étiquette de protection et/ou d'authentification, une étiquette de traçabilité.The document may be one of the following: a bank note, an identity document, a passport sheet or cover, a visa, a coupon, a document of value other than a bank note, for example a check or a credit card, a label of protection and / or authentication, a label of traceability.

L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, d'exemples de mise en oeuvre non limitatifs de l'invention, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • les figures 1 et 2 représentent, schématiquement et partiellement, une structure optique conforme à l'invention, observée respectivement suivant deux angles différents,
  • la figure 3 illustre, schématiquement et partiellement, un réseau de microreliefs de la structure optique des figures 1 et 2,
  • la figure 4 illustre très schématiquement le tràjet de faisceaux lumineux dans la structure de la figure 3,
  • la figure 5 représente, schématiquement et partiellement, en coupe, la structure optique de la figure 1,
  • la figure 6 représente, schématiquement et partiellement, un document conforme à des exemples de l'invention,
  • les figures 9 à 16 représentent, schématiquement et partiellement, en coupe, différents exemples de structures optiques conformes à l'invention.
The invention can be better understood on reading the following detailed description, non-limiting examples of implementation of the invention, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:
  • the Figures 1 and 2 represent, schematically and partially, an optical structure according to the invention, respectively observed at two different angles,
  • the figure 3 illustrates, schematically and partially, a network of microreliefs of the optical structure of Figures 1 and 2 ,
  • the figure 4 very schematically illustrates the beam of light beams in the structure of the figure 3 ,
  • the figure 5 represents, schematically and partially, in section, the optical structure of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 6 represents, schematically and partially, a document according to examples of the invention,
  • the Figures 9 to 16 show, schematically and partially, in section, various examples of optical structures according to the invention.

Sur le dessin, dans un souci de clarté, les proportions relatives des différents éléments représentés n'ont pas toujours été respectées, les vues étant schématiques.In the drawing, for the sake of clarity, the relative proportions of the various elements represented have not always been respected, the views being schematic.

On a représenté sur les figures 1, 2 et 5 une structure optique 1 conforme à un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, présentant des première et deuxième faces extérieures opposées 2 et 3.We have shown on Figures 1, 2 and 5 an optical structure 1 according to an exemplary implementation of the invention, having first and second opposite outer faces 2 and 3.

La structure optique 1 comporte sur chacune des faces 2 et 3 au moins un réseau de microreliefs 5 s'étendant sur une portion 4 seulement de la face 2 ou 3 correspondante, comme illustré sur la figure 5.The optical structure 1 comprises on each of the faces 2 and 3 at least one microrelief network 5 extending over a portion 4 only of the corresponding face 2 or 3, as shown in FIG. figure 5 .

La structure 1 présente une première interface 11, respectivement une deuxième interface 12, formée par le ou les réseaux 5 de microreliefs de la première face 2, respectivement la deuxième face 3, comme illustré sur la figure 5.The structure 1 has a first interface 11, respectively a second interface 12, formed by the microrelief array or networks 5 of the first face 2, respectively the second face 3, as illustrated in FIG. figure 5 .

Chaque réseau 5 comporte dans l'exemple considéré des microreliefs 6 représentés à la figure 3, en forme de prisme triangulaire présentant chacun des dimensions, en section transversale, supérieures aux longueurs d'onde de la lumière visible, et éventuellement du rayonnement proche infrarouge. Ces dimensions, notamment l'épaisseur e des microreliefs, peuvent par exemple être supérieures à 1 µm, notamment à 1,2 µm.Each network 5 comprises in the example in question microreliefs 6 represented in FIG. figure 3 , in the form of a triangular prism each having dimensions, in cross section, greater than the wavelengths of visible light, and possibly near-infrared radiation. These dimensions, in particular the thickness e of the microreliefs, may for example be greater than 1 μm, especially 1.2 μm.

Par exemple, la distance d entre les sommets de deux prismes adjacents peut être comprise entre 100 µm et 900 µm, étant par exemple voisine de 350 µm.For example, the distance d between the vertices of two adjacent prisms may be between 100 microns and 900 microns, being for example close to 350 microns.

L'épaisseur e d'un prisme peut être comprise par exemple entre 50 µm et 300 µm, étant par exemple voisine de 170 µm.The thickness e of a prism can be for example between 50 microns and 300 microns, for example being close to 170 microns.

L'épaisseur maximale E de la structure optique 1 peut être comprise entre 100 µm et 900 µm, étant par exemple voisine de 500 µm.The maximum thickness E of the optical structure 1 may be between 100 μm and 900 μm, being for example close to 500 μm.

Comme illustré sur la figure 3, l'angle a entre une normale locale X à la structure optique 1 et une face d'un microrelief 6 peut être compris entre 30° et 60°, étant par exemple voisin de 45°.As illustrated on the figure 3 , the angle α between a local normal X to the optical structure 1 and a face of a microrelief 6 may be between 30 ° and 60 °, being for example close to 45 °.

Les dimensions et les angles des microreliefs 6 sont avantageusement choisis en fonction de l'indice de réfraction du ou des matériaux utilisés dans la structure 1.The dimensions and the angles of the microreliefs 6 are advantageously chosen as a function of the refractive index of the material or materials used in the structure 1.

Les microreliefs 6 forment des stries parallèles dans l'exemple considéré.The microreliefs 6 form parallel striations in the example under consideration.

Le réseau de microreliefs 5 peut par exemple être analogue à celui présent sur le film commercialisé par la société américaine 3M sous la dénomination Scotch Optical Lighting Film.The microrelief network 5 may for example be similar to that present on the film marketed by the American company 3M under the name Scotch Optical Lighting Film.

La structure 1 est de préférence flexible, pouvant par exemple être pliable.The structure 1 is preferably flexible, for example being able to be foldable.

Les microreliefs 6 sont réalisés sur un matériau 15 ayant un indice de réfraction supérieur à celui de l'air, ce matériau pouvant être par exemple un polymère transparent tel que le polyester ou le PMMA.The microreliefs 6 are made of a material 15 having a refractive index greater than that of air, this material may be for example a transparent polymer such as polyester or PMMA.

Les microreliefs 6 peuvent être obtenus par exemple par gravure, mécanique ou chimique.The microreliefs 6 can be obtained for example by etching, mechanical or chemical.

En variante, les microreliefs 6 peuvent être obtenus par impression d'une encre ou par embossage.Alternatively, the microreliefs 6 can be obtained by printing an ink or by embossing.

Lorsque l'on traverse la première interface 11 dans le sens de la première face 2 vers la deuxième face 3, on passe d'un premier milieu d'indice de réfraction n1 (formé par l'air ambiant) à un deuxième milieu (formé par le matériau 15) d'indice de réfraction n2 plus élevé que n1.When crossing the first interface 11 in the direction of the first face 2 towards the second face 3, a first medium of refractive index n 1 (formed by the ambient air) is passed to a second medium ( formed by the material 15) of refractive index n 2 higher than n 1 .

Lorsque l'on traverse la deuxième interface 12 dans le sens de la première face 2 vers la deuxième face 3, on passe d'un troisième milieu d'indice n3 (formé par le matériau 15, avec n3 = n2) à un quatrième milieu (formé par l'air ambiant) d'indice de réfraction n4 plus faible. On a donc n4 = n1.When crossing the second interface 12 in the direction of the first face 2 to the second face 3, passing from a third medium of index n 3 (formed by the material 15, with n 3 = n 2 ) to a fourth medium (formed by the ambient air) of refractive index n 4 weaker. So we have n 4 = n 1 .

Chaque réseau de microreliefs 5 sur la face 2, respectivement sur la face 3, se superpose exactement à une zone sensiblement lisse 8 de l'autre face.Each array of microreliefs 5 on the face 2, respectively on the face 3, is superimposed exactly on a substantially smooth zone 8 of the other face.

Comme illustré sur la figure 4, un faisceau lumineux A pénétrant dans la structure optique 1, au niveau d'une portion 4 de la deuxième face 3 ayant un réseau de microreliefs 5, avec un angle compris dans l'intervalle [a1 ; a2] par rapport à la normale X, est réfléchi par la face opposée 2, de sorte que la portion de la structure 1 au droit du réseau 5 apparaisse avec un aspect réfléchissant.As illustrated on the figure 4 a light beam A entering the optical structure 1, at a portion 4 of the second face 3 having a microrelief network 5, with an angle in the range [a 1 ; a 2 ] relative to the normal X, is reflected by the opposite face 2, so that the portion of the structure 1 to the right of the network 5 appears with a reflective appearance.

Un faisceau lumineux B pénétrant dans la structure optique, au niveau de la portion 4, avec un angle compris dans l'intervalle ]a0 ; a1] par rapport à la normale X, ressort par la face 2 opposée de sorte que la portion de la structure 1 au droit du réseau 5 apparaisse avec un aspect transparent.A light beam B entering the optical structure, at the portion 4, with an angle in the range] to 0 ; a 1 ] relative to the normal X, spring by the opposite face 2 so that the portion of the structure 1 to the right of the network 5 appears with a transparent appearance.

Les angles a0, a1, et a2 peuvent par exemple être sensiblement égaux à respectivement 0°, 45° et 90°.The angles at 0 , a 1 , and a 2 can for example be substantially equal to 0 °, 45 ° and 90 ° respectively.

Un faisceau lumineux C pénétrant dans la structure optique 1, au niveau d'une zone 8 sensiblement lisse de la première face 2, avec un angle compris dans l'intervalle [a3 ; a4] par rapport à la normale X, est réfléchi par le réseau de microreliefs 5 sur la face opposée 3 de sorte que la portion de la structure au droit du réseau 5 apparaisse avec un aspect sensiblement réfléchissant.A light beam C entering the optical structure 1, at a substantially smooth zone 8 of the first face 2, with an angle in the range [a 3 ; a 4 ] with respect to the normal X, is reflected by the microrelief network 5 on the opposite face 3 so that the portion of the structure at the right of the grating 5 appears with a substantially reflective appearance.

Un faisceau lumineux D pénétrant dans la structure_optique 1 par la zone 8 avec un angle compris dans l'intervalle [a4 ; a5] par rapport à la normale X, ressort par la face opposée 3 de sorte que la portion de la structure 1 au droit du réseau 5 apparaisse avec un aspect sensiblement transparent.A light beam D entering the optical structure 1 through the zone 8 with an angle in the range [a 4 ; 5 ] relative to the normal X, spring by the opposite face 3 so that the portion of the structure 1 to the right of the network 5 appears with a substantially transparent appearance.

Les angles a3, a4 et a5 peuvent par exemple être sensiblement égaux à respectivement 0°, 45° et 90°.The angles at 3 , 4 and 5 may for example be substantially equal to 0 °, 45 ° and 90 °, respectively.

Le ou les réseaux de microreliefs 5 peuvent définir, en positif ou en négatif, au moins un motif 10 formé par exemple par un texte, un symbole, un logo et/ou un dessin.The at least one microrelief network 5 may define, in positive or in negative, at least one pattern 10 formed for example by a text, a symbol, a logo and / or a drawing.

Lorsque la structure optique 1 est observée depuis la face 2 suivant une première plage d'angles, correspondant par exemple à l'intervalle [a4 ; a5], le motif 10 peut apparaître de manière sensiblement transparente entouré d'une zone sensiblement réfléchissante, comme illustré sur la figure 1.When the optical structure 1 is observed from the face 2 according to a first range of angles, corresponding for example to the interval [a 4 ; 5 ], the pattern 10 may appear substantially transparently surrounded by a substantially reflective zone, as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .

Lorsque la structure 1 est observée depuis la face 2 suivant une deuxième plage d'angles, correspondant par exemple à l'intervalle [a3 ; a4], le motif 10 peut apparaître avec un aspect sensiblement réfléchissant entouré d'une zone sensiblement transparente, comme illustré sur la figure 2.When the structure 1 is observed from the face 2 according to a second range of angles, corresponding for example to the interval [a 3 ; 4 ], the pattern 10 may appear with a substantially reflective appearance surrounded by a substantially transparent area as shown in FIG. figure 2 .

La structure 1 peut comporter, le cas échéant, une succession de motifs 10 se répétant de manière régulière suivant une direction.The structure 1 may comprise, where appropriate, a succession of patterns 10 repeating regularly in one direction.

Le réseau de microreliefs 5 peut être agencé de manière à restituer un aspect métallique réfléchissant en fonction de l'angle d'observation.The network of microreliefs 5 may be arranged to restore a reflective metal appearance depending on the viewing angle.

Le matériau 15 sur lequel sont formés les réseaux de microreliefs 5 peut être à base d'un polymère transparent.The material on which the microrelief arrays 5 are formed may be based on a transparent polymer.

On a représenté sur la figure 6 un document de sécurité et/ou de valeur 20 constitué par un billet de banque, ce document comprenant un matériau en feuille 21 formé par une couche fibreuse dans laquelle est partiellement noyée la structure optique 1.We have shown on the figure 6 a security document and / or value 20 constituted by a bank note, this document comprising a sheet material 21 formed by a fibrous layer in which the optical structure 1 is partially embedded.

La structure 1 s'étend d'un premier bord 23 du matériau en feuille 21 à un deuxième bord 24 opposé au premier.The structure 1 extends from a first edge 23 of the sheet material 21 to a second edge 24 opposite to the first.

Le matériau en feuille 21 peut comporter une ou plusieurs fenêtres 22 laissant dégagée la structure optique 1.The sheet material 21 may comprise one or more windows 22 leaving the optical structure 1 unobstructed.

La ou les fenêtres peuvent être réalisées par exemple à l'aide de reliefs présents sur un cylindre de toile rotatif d'une machine à papier servant à fabriquer le matériau en feuille, comme cela est décrit par exemple dans les demandes de brevet EP 0 860 298 et EP 0 625 431 .The window or windows may be made for example by means of reliefs present on a rotating roll cylinder of a paper machine used to manufacture the sheet material, as described for example in patent applications. EP 0 860 298 and EP 0 625 431 .

Le document 20 peut constituer, en variante, l'un des éléments suivants : un document d'identité, une feuille ou une couverture de passeport, un visa, un coupon, un document de valeur autre qu'un billet de banque, par exemple un chèque ou une carte de crédit, une étiquette de protection et/ou d'authentification, une étiquette de traçabilité.Document 20 may alternatively be one of the following: an identity document, a passport sheet or cover, a visa, a coupon, a valuable document other than a banknote, for example a check or a credit card, a label of protection and / or authentication, a label of traceability.

La structure optique 1 peut comporter, en plus du ou des réseaux de microreliefs 5, au moins un élément d'authentification et/ou d'identification choisi parmi au moins l'un des éléments suivants : un élément de mise en évidence d'une falsification, notamment visible et/ou détectable à l'aide d'un dispositif spécifique de détection, un élément à effet optique variable, interférentiel et/ou diffractif, iridescent ou à cristaux liquides, un revêtement magnétique, des traceurs détectables par fluorescence X, des biomarqueurs, un vernis ou une encre, des traceurs luminescents, fluorescents ou phosphorescents, des composés photochromiques, thermochromiques, électroluminescents et/ou piézochromiques et/ou qui changent de couleur au contact d'un ou de plusieurs produits prédéterminés.The optical structure 1 may comprise, in addition to the microrelief network or networks 5, at least one authentication and / or identification element chosen from at least one of the following elements: a highlighting element of a falsification, in particular visible and / or detectable by means of a specific detection device, an element with variable, interferential and / or diffractive, iridescent or liquid crystal optical effect, a magnetic coating, tracers detectable by X-ray fluorescence, biomarkers, a varnish or an ink, luminescent, fluorescent or phosphorescent tracers, photochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and / or piezochromic compounds and / or which change color in contact with one or more predetermined products.

La structure optique 1 peut comporter un support monolithique 29 à base du matériau 15, sur les faces 2 et 3 duquel sont formés les réseaux de microreliefs 5, comme illustré sur la figure 5.The optical structure 1 may comprise a monolithic support 29 based on the material 15, on the faces 2 and 3 of which the micro-relief arrays 5 are formed, as illustrated in FIG. figure 5 .

En variante, comme illustré sur la figure 9, la structure optique 1 peut comporter un support monolithique 30 tel qu'un film, présentant une première face 31 entièrement lisse et, sur une deuxième face 32 opposée à la première 31, des portions 4 couvertes par un ou plusieurs réseaux 5 de microreliefs séparés par des zones 8 sensiblement lisses.Alternatively, as illustrated on the figure 9 the optical structure 1 may comprise a monolithic support 30 such as a film, having a first completely smooth face 31 and, on a second face 32 opposite the first face 31, portions 4 covered by one or more networks 5 of separated microreliefs by zones 8 substantially smooth.

La structure 1 comporte en outre au moins un élément 33 de superficie plus faible que le support 30 et fixé.The structure 1 further comprises at least one element 33 of smaller area than the support 30 and fixed.

Claims (11)

  1. Optical structure, especially for a security document and/or a document of value, comprising:
    - opposed first and second outer faces (2, 3)
    - at least one first interface ( 11), comprising a first network of microreliefs (5), and arranged in such a way that, when there is crossing of this first interface in the direction from the first outer face towards the second outer face, there is passing from a first medium having a first refraction index (n1) to a second medium having a second refraction index (n2), which is greater than the first;
    - at least one second interface (12) comprising a second network of microreliefs (5) and arranged in such a way that, when there is crossing of this second interface in the direction from the first outer face towards the second outer face, there is passing from a third medium having a third refraction index (n3) to a fourth medium having a fourth refraction index (fl4), which is less than the third;
    each interface having at least one portion offset in relation to the other interface when the structure is observed following a direction (x) approximately perpendicular to at least one of the outer faces, the optical structure having a form of a band with a width comprised between 2 mm and 45 mm, in which at least one of the interfaces is arranged in such a way that, for a first range of observation angles, a portion of the structure to the right of this interface appears essentially transparent when the structure is observed from a predetermined outer face, and, for a second range of observation angles, this portion of the structure appears essentially reflective when the structure is observed from an outer face and, in which the microreliefs have a thickness greater than the wavelengths of visible light, in particular from radiation close to infrared, in particular greater than 1 µm.
  2. Structure according to the preceding Claim, in which the interfaces are entirely offset in relation to one another when the structure is observed following said direction approximately perpendicular to at least one of the outer faces.
  3. Structure according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which at least one of the networks of microreliefs is superimposed at least partially, in particular exactly, in an area approximately flush with one of the outer faces.
  4. Structure according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which at least one of the interfaces is formed on at least one of the outer faces of the structure.
  5. Structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the second and third media are formed by different materials and/or having different refraction indices.
  6. Structure according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which the first medium is formed by a first material on which the first network of microreliefs is formed, and the second medium is formed by a second material deposited, in particular by vacuum deposition, on the first material.
  7. Structure according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which at least one of the microreliefs presents essentially the shape of a triangular prism.
  8. Structure according to the preceding Claim, in which the network of microreliefs is arranged in such a way as to create a metallised appearance, in particular reflective, when the optical structure is observed following a prearranged range of angles.
  9. Structure according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which the difference between the second refraction index and the first refraction index and/or between the third refraction index and the fourth refraction index is greater than 0.1.
  10. Film material comprising an optical structure according to any of the preceding Claims.
  11. Material according to Claim 10, comprising at least one element of information, the optical structure being arranged in such a way as to be able essentially to mask the element of information when the optical structure is observed according to a first range of angles and has a reflective appearance.
EP06831348.5A 2005-11-16 2006-11-16 Optical structure, especially for a security document and/or a document of value Active EP1951528B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0553480A FR2893424B1 (en) 2005-11-16 2005-11-16 OPTICAL STRUCTURE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A DOCUMENT OF SECURITY AND / OR VALUE.
PCT/FR2006/051186 WO2007057613A1 (en) 2005-11-16 2006-11-16 Optical structure, especially for a security document and/or a document of value

Publications (3)

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EP1951528A1 EP1951528A1 (en) 2008-08-06
EP1951528B1 EP1951528B1 (en) 2009-02-25
EP1951528B2 true EP1951528B2 (en) 2015-06-24

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EP (1) EP1951528B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE423687T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0618742A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2629926A1 (en)
DE (1) DE602006005395D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2322874T5 (en)
FR (1) FR2893424B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007057613A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8439402B2 (en) 2013-05-14
EP1951528B1 (en) 2009-02-25
ES2322874T5 (en) 2015-09-18
FR2893424A1 (en) 2007-05-18
CA2629926A1 (en) 2007-05-24
ES2322874T3 (en) 2009-06-30
BRPI0618742A2 (en) 2011-09-13
FR2893424B1 (en) 2008-01-25
DE602006005395D1 (en) 2009-04-09
US20090121473A1 (en) 2009-05-14
ATE423687T1 (en) 2009-03-15
WO2007057613A1 (en) 2007-05-24
EP1951528A1 (en) 2008-08-06

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