EP2233217A2 - Device and method for separating material, particularly green waste, and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (10) has a disk sieve (12), and a conveyor (18) for applying green waste (30) to the sieve, where the green waste runs from a disk sieve inlet (14) to a disk sieve end (16) for providing a fraction (34) of the green waste as a sieve fraction and another fraction (36) of the green waste as oversized-fraction at the end. An inclination of the disk sieve is adjustable for providing a third fraction (42) of the green waste as oversized-fraction at the inlet. A shaft (50) has a locking bar extending in an axial direction, and a disk (52) has a passage opening for passage of the shaft. An independent claim is also included for a method for separating material i.e. green waste, into material fractions.

Description

The invention relates to the separation of material such as bulk or bulk in several material fractions. Such a separation has a variety of applications.

In particular, the invention relates z. B. Apparatus and methods for separating compostable waste such as so-called "green waste", which includes all types of garden waste, tree sections, shrubs and mown grass, etc. understood. Composting is the decomposition of organic material by micro-organisms to create "compost", which can be used in many ways, such as fertilizers or soil conditioners. The material to be composted may, for example, be deposited as a "compost heap" at a certain place for a certain time ("compost hire") to allow the composting to proceed.

However, a direct composting of green waste generally leads to a relatively inefficient composting and also has the economic disadvantage that higher quality components of the green material such. B. firewood can not be a correspondingly more economical use (as the composting) can be supplied. Accordingly, there is a need for apparatuses and methods for separating greensheets into a plurality of greensum fractions of differing nature so that each of the greensaw fractions can be delivered for optimal (particularly economical) use.

The latter advantage also results for many other applications of material separation. For example, a separation of other waste in several waste fractions is interesting to supply several waste fractions each appropriate, especially economic use. Although a preferred field of application of the present invention is green matter separation, the invention is by no means limited to this field of application. Rather, the separation devices and methods presented here can in principle also be used for the separation of other materials.

The problem with the known devices and methods for separating material in practice to achieve a sufficiently good separation result at the same time technically simple realization. The known devices are also often elaborately designed custom-made in adaptation to a very specific, to be separated material. It would therefore be desirable to have a universal (for different material properties) usable device.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide novel devices and methods for separating material, which should be particularly suitable for the separation of green material into several green waste fractions and to allow this with technically simple means a high separation accuracy with simultaneous variability of the separation characteristic.

The basic idea of the invention is to use a so-called disk screen for material separation, which is suitably modified to achieve a high separation accuracy and to enable a simple variability of the separation characteristic. The invention can be used in particular for material separation for the purpose of more efficient utilization of the individual material fractions.

A Scheibensieb, as z. B. from the German patent publication DE 44 30 682 A1 is known, comprises from a Scheibensiebanfang to a Scheibensiebende extending series of axially parallel shafts on which respective discs, in particular discs are arranged with non-circular outer periphery, which are offset from shaft to shaft and preferably interlock and by a to the Waves attacking drive are rotationally driven in the same direction. By the same direction rotation of the discs material applied to the disc screen along the disc screen (in the direction of Scheibensiebende out) transported. At the same time, a screening of this material takes place through spaces remaining between the shafts or disks, so that a "sieve fraction" is provided below the disk screen and an "oversize fraction" is provided at the disk sieve end.

When separating material using a disk screen of the known type disadvantageously results in a predetermined by the design separation characteristics, which can be changed at best by costly reconstruction measures. However, in practice this is often necessary in order to adjust the separation characteristic to a new material to be separated or to achieve a separation accuracy required from a practical point of view for a given material.

In the invention, by contrast, by at least one modification of the Scheibensiebkonstruktion improved separation accuracy or simplified adaptability of the separation characteristics of the nature and composition of the material to be separated is given.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for separating material into a plurality of material fractions, comprising a pulp screen having a material transfer direction therefrom that extends from a pulley screen end to a pulp screen end for providing a first fraction of the applied material as a screen fraction below the pulley screen and a second fraction of the deposited material as an oversize fraction at the pulp screen end, wherein an inclination of the pulley screen is provided to provide a third fraction of the deposited material as an oversize fraction at the pulp screen beginning.

In this embodiment, an additional oversize fraction is advantageously provided, which moves due to the inclination of the disk screen due to the gravitational force against the transport direction on the disk screen down to Scheibensiebanfang.

This additional oversize fraction, like the oversize fraction provided on the screen sieve, is characterized in that its constituents do not pass through the sieve openings provided by the screen sieve or only in a few specific orientations. In contrast to the oversize fraction provided on the disc sieve, which consists of "rather small and light" constituents, the additional oversize fraction provided at the beginning of the disc sieve is formed by "rather voluminous and heavy" constituents. Due to the technically easy to implement and just as easily adjustable inclination of the disc screen so a further (third) fraction can be obtained and thus the separation accuracy can be increased.

When using the apparatus for separating green material in the context of a composting process, there is the surprising advantage that prior to abandonment of the green material on the window screen no larger pieces of wood must be sorted out, as these are sorted out as the additional fraction Scheibensiebanfang so to speak "automatically". In Grüngutkompostierung thus one step can be saved.

In one embodiment, the device comprises at least 10, in particular at least 15 discs provided with discs: Such a number of waves is z. B. in particular for a Scheibensieblänge in the order of a few meters appropriate. Regardless of the Sieblänge it is often advantageous if the device has 2 to 6 waves per meter Sieblänge. The pivot bearing of the waves can be fixed, or provided variably adjustable with respect to the mutual shaft spacing.

In one embodiment, the device comprises at least 10, in particular at least 20 discs per shaft. Such a number of slices is z. B. in particular for a mobile Grüngutseparator with a working width (width of a screen area) in the order of about 1 m appropriate. Regardless of the working width, it is often advantageous if the device has at least 10 discs per meter working width. For most applications, it is sufficient if the device can be operated with up to 20, in particular up to 40 discs per meter working width.

In one embodiment it is provided that the number and / or axial arrangement of the disks on the shaft is variable. Preferably, no release of the shafts from their pivot bearings is required for such a variation.

In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a material feeding device for applying the material to a (in the direction of transport) central region of the disk screen. This task area preferably starts at a location which is at least 20% of the total screen screen length, in particular at least 30% of the total screen screen distance, from the screen screen beginning. Preferably, this task area ends at a location which is at least 20% of the total screen screen length, in particular at least 30% of the total screen sieve length, away from the screen sieve end. In such a material task, for example, in the "middle third" of the Scheibensieblänge usually results in a particularly high selectivity between the fractions provided.

In a respect to the separation accuracy and variability of the separation characteristic also very advantageous embodiment, the inclination of the pulley is variably adjustable, in particular z. B. infinitely adjustable (eg., By means of an electric or hydraulic drive).

In one embodiment, it is provided that a slice plane is tilted by at least 30 °, in particular at least 40 ° with respect to the horizontal or is tilted at a lack of adjustability of the slope. An adjustment can z. B. allow the setting of a variable skew angle at least over an angular range of 30 ° to 80 °, in particular 40 ° to 70 °.

In one embodiment, the device comprises at least one collection container for collecting one of the fractions. Alternatively or additionally, the device may comprise at least one elongate conveyor for discharging one of the fractions. In an embodiment which is advantageous above all for a prolonged operation, an elongated conveying device is provided for conveying off for each of the three fractions provided.

In one embodiment, the shafts of Scheibensiebes each (viewed axially) a "sieve area", which carries the rotating disks during operation of the device and which join in the axial direction on both sides more shaft sections for pivotal mounting or for rotary drive of the shaft. In one embodiment, this sieve region is formed by a substantially hollow-cylindrical shaft section, whereas the mutually adjoining shaft sections are formed with a smaller diameter and preferably solid.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for separating material into a plurality of material fractions comprising a disc screen having a transport direction for material applied thereto beginning from a disc screen to a pulp screen end, for providing a first fraction of the applied material as a screen fraction below the pulp screen and a second fraction of the deposited material as an oversize fraction at the pulley screen end, wherein for varying the number and / or the axial arrangement of pulleys on a respective one of the pulley screen a positive connection between each disc and the associated shaft is provided, which in a first relative rotational position of the disc with respect to the shaft allows axial displacement of the disc on the shaft and blocked in a second relative rotational position of the disc with respect to the shaft axial displacement of the disc on the shaft further means are provided for securing the disc in the second relative rotational position during operation of the device.

Even with this embodiment, the separation accuracy or adaptability of the separation characteristic can be improved in a technically simple manner, wherein optionally one or more of the embodiments already described above (eg skewed position) can be provided.

In a further development of this aspect, it is provided that the shaft has a radially outwardly projecting and extending in the axial direction Arretierungsleiste in a screen area at least at one point of its circumference, wherein the disc with a matched to the circumference of the sieve region of the shaft passage opening for the passage of Shaft is formed whose opening edge has a radially outwardly directed recess for the passage of the locking strip, and wherein the locking bar on one of its circumferentially viewed sides has a plurality of axially spaced Arretierungsbuchten, in which one of the indentation in the circumferential direction immediately adjacent portion the disc can be engaged by relative rotation of the disc with respect to the shaft to block its axial displacement on the shaft.

In one embodiment, the number of Arretierungsbuchten the Arretierungsleiste in the range of 10 to 100, in particular from 20 to 60. The locking bar may be formed integrally with a central shaft portion, or as a separate, subsequently attached to the middle shaft portion component.

In one embodiment, the Arretierungsbuchten viewed in the axial direction are equidistant distributed over the sieve region of the shaft.

The relative rotational position of the disc with respect to the shaft, in which the disc is blocked in the axial direction, represents the position referred to above as the "second relative rotational position." In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the torque exerted by the material on the discs during operation of the device Trying to hold discs in their second relative rotational position or this torque secures the discs in this position. This can be accomplished in a simple manner by arranging the locking bays on that side of the locking strip which is viewed in the circumferential direction, which constitutes the "front or anticipatory" side of the locking strip during rotation of the shaft.

Alternatively or additionally, a means for securing the disc in the second relative rotational position also z. Example, be realized by a safety bar, which is threaded parallel to the locking bar in the axial direction by intermediate spaces or pushed, which result in located in the second relative rotational position of the discs on the side facing away from the Arretierungsbuchten Arretierungsleiste. In such a retracted security rod turning back of discs in the first relative rotational position and thus a release of discs from the Arretierungsbuchten is particularly reliable excluded.

As in the case of the device according to the first aspect of the invention, it may be provided that the sieve region of the shaft is formed by a hollow-cylindrical shaft section on which shaft sections of smaller diameter adjoin in the axial direction on both sides, which are preferably solid and which in each case extend over the length of the shaft Scheibensiebes extending Scheibensiebrahmen are rotatably mounted.

In one embodiment, apart from its locking bays, the locking strip is designed as a profile extending in the axial direction (the profile cross-section being, for example, quadrangular). In particular, when the sieve region has a hollow cylindrical shape, ie z. B. in the simplest way as a pipe section (eg., With closed ends) is formed, it is preferred, the locking strip as a component separately from the shaft and then attach to the outer circumference of the shaft (eg to weld). In a further development, the locking strip is initially provided as a profile component, in which then the locking bays are worked out (for example, milled out). This is preferred before the attachment of the profile on the outer circumference of the shaft. Alternatively, it is z. B. conceivable to subsequently provide a profile component with a plurality of additional components (eg, to be welded thereto), so that remaining spaces between these additional components provide the Arretierungsbuchten.

In one embodiment, the profile cross section of the locking strip is substantially rectangular, possibly with a slight slope of its radially outer surface (as described below). This is especially easy in terms of manufacturing technology.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the profile cross section of the locking strip and the indentation edge of the disc are designed such that with the engagement of the disc with a locking bay of the locking strip, a clamping of the disc is accompanied. Above all, this clamping has the advantage that thus a backlash of the disc blocked on the shaft can be achieved. In addition, this clamp can be a means for securing the disc in the second relative rotational position or contribute to such a backup. The clamping can take place in the radial direction and / or axial direction and inhibit a turning back of the disc (out of the locking bay) by frictional forces.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the locking strip of the shaft and, accordingly, the indentation at the passage opening of the disc are provided several times, viewed in the circumferential direction, at a plurality of locations. In a specific embodiment, for. B. Arretierungsleisten and associated Scheibeneinbuchtungen provided at three points of the circumference. If locking strips are provided at several points of the circumference, then these points are particularly preferably arranged distributed equidistantly over the circumference. In this case, in addition to a greater load capacity of the positive connection advantageously results in minimizing the imbalance of each formed from a shaft and the associated discs component.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a material separating apparatus comprising a disc screen having a material transfer direction therefrom extending from a disc screen end to a disc screen end for providing a first fraction of the applied material as a screen fraction below the disc screen and a screen second fraction of the applied material as an oversize fraction at the Scheibensiebende, wherein for a variation of the number of discs on a respective shaft of the Scheibensiebes in the region of at least one shaft end, a receiving space for accommodating a not required for the current operation of the device number of discs is formed, and the disks are axially displaceable from a screen area of the shaft into the receiving space and out of the receiving area into the screen area of the shaft.

Also with this embodiment, the separation accuracy or adaptability of the separation characteristic can be improved, wherein optionally one or more of the embodiments already explained above can be provided.

In a further development of this embodiment, it is provided that on the shaft on the one hand and on the discs on the other hand corresponding fastening means for releasably securing the discs are provided at desired axial positions of the shaft. A particularly advantageous possibility for this is the above-described positive connection between the disc and the associated shaft, which can be achieved by a relative rotation between the disc and the associated shaft.

In one embodiment, the size of the receiving space is dimensioned such that at least half of the number of maximum can be arranged on the shaft discs can be accommodated therein. In particular, at a working width of the disk screen in the order of about 1 m, the receiving space z. B. be sized to accommodate at least 10, in particular at least 15 discs suitable.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the sieve region of the shaft is essentially formed by a hollow cylindrical shaft section, followed on both sides in the axial direction by shaft sections of a smaller diameter, which are preferably solid and which each extend over the length of the pulley screen are supported rotatably drivable extending Scheibensiebrahmen, and wherein the receiving space surrounds one of the shaft portions of smaller diameter.

The recording room can be upwards z. B. be limited by a releasably attached to the Scheibensiebrahmen cover, which z. B. simultaneously forms a cover for a pivot bearing of the shaft.

In the context of the invention, the individual aspects described above for the creation of a device that can be used in particular for a greenware separation can be used as such or combined with one another.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a method for separating material such as bulk material, in particular green material, provided in a plurality of material fractions, comprising applying material to a preferably inclined disc screen whose transport direction from a Scheibensiebanfang to a Scheibensiebende runs, collecting and optionally conveying off a first fraction provided below the disc screen as a sieve fraction, a second fraction provided on the disc sieve end as an oversize fraction and, if appropriate, a third fraction of the applied material provided as the oversize fraction on the disc screen end.

In one embodiment, it is provided that this method is carried out using a device of the type already explained above. Accordingly, embodiments and special features, individually or combinations already explained above for the device, can also be provided in an analogous manner for further development of the method.

Thus, for example, be provided in particular that in the method, the application of the material to the disk screen takes place approximately in the middle third of the Scheibensieblänge (between Scheibensiebanfang and Scheibensiebende). Furthermore, z. B. be provided in the method that at least one of the disk screen provided by the fractions of the applied material is conveyed away by means of an elongated conveyor.

In the method according to the invention, it is also possible to provide interruptions in operation in which, for example, to adapt to a new material to be applied and / or to change the separation characteristic, one or more modifications are made to the apparatus and in particular the disk screen used (eg adjustment the inclination of the disc screen, change in the number and / or axial arrangement of discs, etc.).

A particularly preferred field of application of the invention is the separation of green waste into several green waste fractions, for example in the context of the provision and / or processing of composted material.

For example, with the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention, fresh green waste can be separated into several green waste fractions. In the simplest case, the device used for this purpose comprises as "separating component" only a pulley screen of the type described above. In this case, already two or three green waste fractions can be obtained. However, it should by no means be ruled out that further separating components are used in this case, for example to further separate at least one of the fractions delivered by the disc screen and / or to supply the disc screen with a material which has been provided as a material fraction by an upstream separating component. The resulting fractions can then be fed to a respective advantageous use.

However, the invention can also be used for the preparation of compost, for example already partly composted green material, for example to separate already "finished composted" components from the compost (and to subject the remainder, for example, to further composting or to feed it to another use ).

The separation accuracy or adaptability of the separation characteristic created by the invention is extremely important, in particular for the field of application of composting, because with one and the same separation device after only minor modifications to the window screen, an optimum separation result can be achieved. In this regard, it should be noted that in the longer course of a composting of green material, the nature of the compost or of its Components changed very strongly, so that depending on the composting stage, a preparation of Kompostiergutes each very different demands on the number of fractions to be separated and / or the separation characteristics.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Material in mehrere Materialfraktionen,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Details der Vorrichtung von Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Siebwelle der Vorrichtung,

Fig. 4

eine Siebscheibe der Vorrichtung,

Fig. 5

die Welle von Fig. 3 samt daran befestigter Scheibe von Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

ein Detail aus Fig. 5 in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 7

eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels, und

Fig. 8

eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines noch weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels.

The invention will be further described by means of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of an apparatus for separating material into a plurality of material fractions,

Fig. 2

a schematic side view of a detail of the device of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a sieve shaft of the device,

Fig. 4

a screen disc of the device,

Fig. 5

the wave of Fig. 3 complete with attached disc from Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6

a detail from Fig. 5 in perspective view,

Fig. 7

one of the Fig. 1 corresponding view of a separating device according to another embodiment, and

Fig. 8

one of the Fig. 1 corresponding view of a separator according to a still further embodiment.

Fig. 1 shows a device 10 for separating material such as bulk material, in particular green material, in several material fractions. The illustrated device 10 is used for separating green material ("Grüngutseparator").

In the example shown, the device 10 comprises an inclined disc screen 12 with a transport direction T for material applied thereon, which extends from a lower disc screen beginning 14 to an upper disc screen end 16. Furthermore the device 10 comprises conveying devices (here: conveyor belts) 18, 20, 22 and 24, the conveying direction of which is indicated in the figure by an arrow symbol.

The green material 30 to be separated is applied by means of the conveyor belt 18 from above onto the pulley screen 12 (arrow 32). As shown, the material feed area lies approximately in the middle third of the inclined pulley screen 12.

A first green waste fraction 34 is provided as a sieve fraction below the pulley screen 12 (arrow 36) and conveyed away from the conveyor belt 20. This fraction 34 consists of smaller wood particles and other fine material (which passes through the screen openings of the disk screen 12).

A second green waste fraction 38 is provided as a first oversize fraction at the upper disc sieve end 16 (arrow 40) and conveyed away by means of the conveyor belt 22. This fraction 38 may also be referred to as "light oversize grain" and in the illustrated example of application consists predominantly of leaves, grass, etc.

Due to the inclination of the Scheibensiebes 12, which is inclined in the illustrated operating case by about 50 ° relative to the horizontal, creates a third crop 42 as a second oversize fraction, which gravitationally against the transport direction T on the pulley 12 down to Scheibensiebanfang 14 migrates and from there is conveyed away by means of the conveyor belt 24. This fraction 42 may also be referred to as "heavy oversize fraction" and consists in the illustrated application example mainly of branches and other larger pieces of wood.

The device 10 preferably also comprises the devices required for driving the described device components (eg electric, petrol or diesel engine (s) for driving the disc screen 12 and the conveying devices). Alternatively or additionally, such drive devices of the device 10 can also be provided by device components which are in any case provided with a drive. This is z. B. to think of components which are the Scheibensieb 12 upstream. In particular, in training the device 10 as Grüngutseparator it may be such z. B. to a screening machine, a shredder or a shredder act.

In the illustrated embodiment, the disc screen 12 and the conveyor belt 20, possibly also the conveyor belt 24, structurally combined into a mobile unit and mounted in a manner not shown in detail on a motor vehicle trailer frame 46. Thus, the device 10 can be easily brought to a desired place of use. Optionally, other device components such as in particular the conveyor belts 18, 22 and 24 may be arranged during transport of the device 10 in a suitable manner to the trailer frame.

In a mobile embodiment of the device 10 (eg, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown), the entire device preferably has a maximum width of 3 m during transport, more preferably a maximum of 2.5 m, approximately to comply with road traffic laws. Of course, at the point of use of the device 10, such dimensions may be exceeded, for example after the delivery devices have been unfolded or spread out.

The skew angle of the disk screen 12 with respect to the horizontal is preferably infinitely adjustable, wherein the remaining device components operatively connected thereto can be adjusted accordingly.

To adjust the Scheibensiebes 12 z. B. a hydraulic device (not shown) may be provided by means of which, if necessary, the said other device components (eg., Conveyor belts 18 and / or 22) can be mitverstellt, if necessary. A hydraulic pressure generating device may advantageously z. B. by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine (eg., Otto engine or diesel engine) are driven, in particular if such a drive device z. B. to drive the disc screen 12 and / or at least one of the conveyor belts is provided anyway.

Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiment, each of the conveyor belts 18 to 24 could be replaced by any other suitable conveyor. The conveyor belts 20, 22 and 24 provided for removing the three greenware fractions could optionally even be omitted or optionally replaced by collecting containers. On the feed side of the feeding conveyor belt 18 or instead of this feeding Conveyor belt 18 could z. B. an outlet of a so-called material bunker be arranged (see, eg. Fig. 7 ).

Hereinafter, referring to the Fig. 2 to 6 in more detail, the structure and function of the pulley screen 12 used in the apparatus 10 will be described.

Fig. 2 shows the disc screen 12 in a schematic side view.

Like a conventional disk screen (see, for example, the already mentioned at the outset DE 44 30 682 A1 ) comprises the Scheibensieb 12 a Scheibensiebanfang 14 to Scheibensiebende 16 extending series of axially parallel waves, of which Fig. 2 one to recognize and designated 50. On each of these shafts, as well as on the illustrated shaft 50, a plurality of spaced apart in the axial direction of disks 52 are arranged and rotatably connected to the respective associated shaft 50 during operation of the disk screen.

The axial positions of the discs 52 are provided offset from shaft to shaft in such a way that the discs of comb-like mesh of adjacent waves. By the same direction rotation of all discs 52 of the disc screen 12 material is applied to the disc screen 12 transported in the corresponding transport direction T, at the same time a screening of this material is carried out by the remaining between the shafts 50 and 52 slices through gaps.

The discs 52 have a non-circular outer periphery, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment of a circle with a plurality of equidistantly distributed in the circumferential direction, arranged approximately semicircular indentations. Deviating from this, other peripheral designs are conceivable (eg, as with a so-called "star screen").

The illustrated screen 12 has a number of advantageous features, which are the above with respect to Fig. 1 already described green waste separation with respect to the separation accuracy or adaptability of the device 10 respectively significantly improve currently required separation properties. These features are described in more detail below.

The disk screen 12 comprises a longitudinal frame with frame profile parts 54, 56, 58 and 60, which serve for the storage of the example shown in the example 16 waves 50 and side cover plates 62 and 64.

On the lower frame profile parts 54 and 60 in the figure, bearing brackets 66 and 68 are respectively arranged for supporting each shaft 50 for laterally supporting outer shaft sections 50-3 and 50-1, respectively. The upper frame profile parts 56 and 58 in the figure serve to stiffen the construction and, in the example shown, also to fasten the longitudinally extending cover plates 62 and 64.

The rotary drive of the shafts 50 takes place by way of a drive gear wheel 70 which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the respective shaft section 50-1 and which during operation of the device 10 is driven by a drive chain (not shown) for rotating the respective shaft 50. The drive chain extends in this case in the longitudinal direction of the Scheibensiebrahmens within the area bounded by the cover plate 64 and is for simultaneous and co-rotational drive of all shafts 50 in engagement with all drive gears 70 of the shafts 50th

Alternatively to a common drive of the shafts 50 (here: by means of a drive chain) could also be provided for each shaft 50 own drive, for example, in each case an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.

In an axially central region of the shaft 50 (shaft section 50-2), this is designed as a hollow-cylindrical tube section which is closed on both sides and has a substantially larger diameter compared to the lateral shaft sections 50-1, 50-3. This axial region of the disk screen 12 is also referred to below as the "screen area" because only in this area does the screening (and the transport) of the applied material take place. The cover plates 62 and 64 cover the areas arranged on both sides thereof in order to prevent penetration of the material 30 applied from above onto the screen area into these areas.

The size of the "screen openings" and thus the screen characteristic of the screen screen 12 is determined by the arrangement, shape and dimensions of the gaps, which remain between the shafts 50 and the discs 52 attached thereto.

An advantageous feature of the disc screen 12 is that the number and axial arrangement of the discs 52 on each associated shaft 50 can be changed in a simple manner, such as to adapt the separator 10 to a new good to be separated. Advantageously, it is not necessary to remove the shafts 50 from the device 10 or to release them from their pivot bearings. To illustrate this peculiarity is the in Fig. 2 left portion of the screen area exemplified with a relatively large density of discs 52, whereas the right part of the screen area is shown with a lower occupation density of discs 52. In both in Fig. 2 Casting cases shown are the discs 52 arranged distributed in the axial direction equidistantly, which is preferred in most applications.

For this variability of the disc population on a respective shaft 50 of the disc screen 12, a positive connection between each disc 52 and the associated shaft 50 is provided, which in a first relative rotational position of the disc 52 with respect to the shaft 50 allows axial displacement of the disc 52 on the shaft 50 and in a second relative rotational position of the disc 52 with respect to the shaft 50 blocks such axial displacement.

The constructive realization of this positive connection will be described below with reference to Fig. 3 to 6 explained in more detail.

Fig. 3 shows the shaft 50 viewed from the side. In the screen region of the shaft 50, which is formed by the hollow cylindrical shaft portion 50-2, the shaft 50 has at three offset by 120 ° to each other arranged points of its circumference each radially outwardly projecting and in the axial direction over the entire screen area 50-. 2 extending locking bar 76th

Fig. 4 shows in isolation the disc 52, which has a to the circumference of the shaft portion 50-2 of the shaft 50 for passage of the shaft 50 adapted passage opening 78, the opening edge 80 has three radially outwardly directed indentations 82. The indentations 82, like the arresting strips 76, are each offset by 120 ° relative to one another in order to allow the passage of the (correspondingly arranged) arresting strips 76 and thus an axial displacement of the disk 52 on the shaft 50.

Each locking strip 76 has, on one of its sides viewed in the circumferential direction, a plurality of detent bays 84 spaced equidistant from each other in the axial direction. The Arretierungsleiste 76 with the grid-like distributed in the axial direction arrangement of Arretierungsbuchten 84 is also good in Fig. 2 recognizable.

When a disc 50 is in the position of the detent bays 84 as viewed in the axial direction, relative rotation of the disc 52 with respect to the shaft 50 may cause a portion of the disc 52 in the detent bay, immediately adjacent to the recess, to be engaged in this detent bay Axial displacement of the disc 52 on the shaft 50 to block. The axial width of the Arretierungsbuchten 84 is chosen so that this disc portion fits into the bay. In other words, the width of each detent bay 84 corresponds to the thickness of the disc 52 (plus, if appropriate, a certain amount of oversize which facilitates the screwing-in of the disc portion into the desired detent bay 84.

Fig. 5 illustrates this situation in which the disc 52 is blocked on the shaft 50.

In the illustrated embodiment, the locking bar 76, apart from the Arretierungsbuchten 84, designed as an axially extending profile with a square profile cross-section. Deviating from this, a different profile cross-section could also be provided. It is essential that the contour defined by the indentation edge of the disc 52 corresponds with the profile cross section of the locking strip 76 in such a way that the disc 52 can be slipped onto the shaft 50 or displaced on the shaft 50.

In the illustrated embodiment, the radially outer Profilquerschnittrand the locking strip 76 is not straight tangential or circular arc in the circumferential direction extending, but somewhat conical as shown (with a slight inclination or slope to the tangential or circumferential direction, eg., From about 1 to 10 °). In addition, the radially outer recessed edge portion on the disc 52 is not formed parallel to the radially outer profile cross-section edge of the locking strip 76, but on the other hand again slightly inclined (eg, about 1 to 2 °). This has the advantage that in a relative rotation of the disc 52 to block their Axialverschiebbarkeit a clamping of the disc 52 takes place in the radial direction, which fixes the disc 52 to the shaft 50.

Alternatively or in addition to the above-described clamping in the radial direction, a clamping in the axial direction may be provided by z. B. the axial width of each Arretierungsbucht 84 with the depth (within the bay) is provided decreasing.

Due to the relative rotation of the disc 52 with respect to the shaft 50 and thus with respect to the Arretierungsleisten 76 is on that in the circumferential direction side of the Arretierungsleisten 76, which their Arretierungsbuchten 84 is opposite, respectively, a gap between the disc 52 and the shaft 50 emerged, in which illustrated embodiment for securing this relative rotational position in each case a securing rod 86 has been inserted. Thus, in the operation of the disc screen 12, a reverse rotation of the disc 52 such that it comes out of engagement with the respective Arretierungsbucht 84, reliably prevented.

Fig. 6 shows again in an enlarged perspective view of the area around a locking bar 76 with disc 52 blocked thereon.

In the illustrated embodiment of the disc screen 12 are in the screening area of the shaft 50 (shaft portion 52-2 in Fig. 2 ) z. B. a total of 40 Arretierungsbuchten 84 provided on each locking bar 76 in the axial direction equidistantly distributed. Accordingly, when each of these detent bays 84 is occupied by a washer 52, there is a maximum of 40 washers 52 per shaft 50. This occupancy density is in Fig. 2 illustrated in the left part of the screen area. With an axial width b1 of the screen area of, for example, 1.5 m, this means that the disks 52 are arranged at a mutual distance of about 4 cm.

To now, for example, during a short interruption to double the disc spacing, z. For example, proceed as follows:

First, after loosening a screw 94, 96, the left cover plate 62 of the disc screen 12 is removed.

Then, the three security rods 86 per shaft 50 are subtracted from the waves (in Fig. 2 to the left) to unlock the anti-rotation of the discs 52.

Then, the discs 52 are rotated relative to the shafts 50 such that they come out of engagement with the Arretierungsbuchten 84.

Then, unnecessary for the subsequent operation of the device 10 (surplus) discs 52 are moved in the axial direction to the left of the shaft portion 50-2 in the region of the shaft portion 50-3, ie from the screen area of the shaft 50 out in a during the Device operation of the cover plate 62 covered area inside.

After axial positioning of the remaining in the screen area discs 52, approximately as in the right part of the Fig. 2 shown, these discs 52 are again rotated on the shaft portion 50-2, that they come into engagement with the Arretierungsbuchten 84. Then the security rods 84 can be inserted again.

In the illustrated embodiment, then only 20 of the total of 40 discs 52 are in the screen area 50-2. Their mutual distance is now about 8 cm.

A further advantageous feature of the disk screen 12 is that in a region surrounding the shaft section 50-3 (and covered by the cover plate 62 during operation of the device), a receiving space 88 is provided for accommodating the number of disks not required for the current operation of the device 10 52 is formed. The not required in the example described here 20 discs 52 find in this receiving space 88 place and as shown simply on a horizontal Bracket 90 lined up and optionally fixed by a screw 92. The headband 90 is formed in the example shown as a suitably shaped sheet and z. B. welded to the frame profile part 56.

After stowing the currently not required discs 52 in the receiving space 88, the cover plate 62 is finally put back and fixed (screws 94 and 96).

Thus, the disk screen 12 and the device 10 is ready for use with a newly set opening width of the disk screen 12th

Optionally, the inclination of the pulley 12 can be changed during the stoppage. The larger the skew angle with respect to the horizontal, the more of the material applied by the conveyor belt 18 migrates to the material fraction 42 provided at the lower pulley screen start 14 (at the expense of the amount of fraction 38 provided at the upper pulp screen end 16). As regards the sieve fraction 34 going down through the pulley screen 12, the skew angle has a meaning insofar as the material transport (transport direction T) is slower at a larger angle, which advantageously increases the selectivity between the oversize fraction 38 and the sieve fraction 34.

In order to accommodate the entire device 10 as already explained above on a mobile and in particular roadworthy platform (here: trailer frame 46), an in Fig. 2 drawn width b2 of the Scheibensiebes 12 smaller than 3 m, preferably at most 2.5 m.

In the following description of further embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for equivalent components, each supplemented by a small letter to distinguish the embodiment. In this case, essentially only the differences from the embodiment (s) already described are discussed and, moreover, reference is hereby explicitly made to the description of previous exemplary embodiments.

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a separating device 10a, the structure and function substantially the same with reference to FIG Fig. 1 corresponds to described embodiment.

A modification of the illustrated device 10a with respect to the above-described device 10 is that to be separated green material 30a is not supplied by means of a transverse to Scheibensieb 12a conveyor belt but by means of a material feed hopper 18a, which has a parallel to the pulley 12a conveyor belt 19a.

In one for both the device 10 ( Fig. 1 ) as well as the device 10a ( Fig. 7 ) advantageous refinement can be provided that the conveyor belt 24 or 24a provided for conveying off the green material fraction 42 or 42a is not arranged as shown in a plane with the disk screen but extends transversely thereto (ie abfördert side). In this case, the supply of the material to be separated can also be carried out in a more expedient manner in the plane of the disk screen. In particular, it can be provided with a view to a possible universal usability of the separation device, that provided for the removal of the third material fraction discharge device, ie, for. B. the conveyor belt 24 and 24 a of the described embodiments, is mounted so pivotable that the Abförderrichtung can be adapted to the respective requirements. The conveyor belt 24 or 24a could thus z. B. also sideways pivotable (from the drawing levels of Fig. 1 and 7 out) be provided. If in a specific application z. B. a supply of the material to be separated approximately parallel to the disc screen (see. Fig. 8 ), so this can be created more space by the discharge conveyor is pivoted at Scheibensiebanfang accordingly (eg, to the left or right).

Fig. 8 shows a still further embodiment of a separator 10b.

In contrast to the exemplary embodiments already described above, in the device 10b there are no discharge devices for removing the oversize fraction 42b arising at the beginning of the slice screen 14b and the oversize fraction 38b arising at the slice end 16b. These material fractions 42b, 38b simply fall on the floor next to the device 10b in this example.

Unlike the related to Fig. 1 In the apparatus 10b, the material 30b to be separated is supplied by means of a conveying device (in this case for example so-called ascending conveyor) elongated in the plane of the disk screen 12b.

As in the case of the exemplary embodiments already described above, pivotability, which is also preferably provided in the case of the device 10b, or a pivoting region for the disk screen 12b, is in FIG Fig. 8 symbolized by a double arrow. For this purpose, a frame of the disk screen 12b is pivotably mounted about a pivot axis 98b in order to be able to adapt the disk screen progression with respect to the inclination to the respectively desired requirements.

In the illustrated embodiment, the pivot axis is realized by a corresponding pivot bearing on a support frame 100b, which consists essentially of two approximately U-shaped and arranged on both sides of the pulley screen 12b support frame brackets (In Fig. 8 one of these bars can be seen).

In the illustrated embodiment, the support frame 100b is not directly on the ground but is attached or attached via detachable fasteners 102b at upper edges of boundary walls 104b of a material bunker. In this material bunker or the corresponding lateral boundary walls 104b may be z. B. may be a stationary device, whereas the other device components may also be designed for mobile use. Advantageously, the screen fraction 34b obtained below the screen screen 12b falls directly into an interior 106b of the material bunker.

Deviating from the illustrated embodiment, it would of course also conceivable to operate the device 10b without the material bunker and this the disk screen 12b supporting frame or the like z. B. to put directly on the floor. The concrete structural design of the support frame 100b can be modified in practice in many ways. A significant feature of the support frame 100b of the type shown is that so that a structurally simple Possibility of realizing a pivoting (see double arrow) of the Scheibensiebes 12b is created.

Claims (10)

Apparatus for separating material (30), such as bulk material, in particular green material, into a plurality of material fractions (34, 38, 42), comprising a pulley screen (12) with a transport direction (T) for material (30) applied thereto starting from a pulley screen (14) extends to a pulp screen end (16) for providing a first fraction (34) of the applied material as a screen fraction below the pulley screen (12) and a second fraction (38) of the applied material as an oversize grain at the pulley screen end (16), one Inclining the Scheibensiebes (12) for providing a third fraction (42) of the applied material as an oversize fraction at Scheibensiebanfang (14) is provided. Apparatus according to claim 1, comprising material feeding means (18) for applying the material (30) to the disk screen (12) in a central region viewed in the direction of transport. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inclination of the disc screen (12) is variably adjustable. Device for separating material (30), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a disc screen (12) with a transport direction (T) for material (30) applied thereon, which extends from a disc screen start (14) to a disc screen end (16) for providing a first fraction (34) of the applied material as a screen fraction below the screen screen (12) and a second fraction (38) of the applied material as an oversize fraction at the screen screen end (16), wherein for a variation of the number and / or the axial arrangement of disks (52) on a respective shaft (50) of the disk screen (12) a positive connection (76, 78, 82, 84) between each disc (52) and the associated shaft (50) is provided, which in a first relative rotational position of Disc (52) with respect to the shaft (50) allows an axial displacement of the disc (52) on the shaft (50) and in a second relative rotational position of the disc (52) with respect the shaft (50) blocks an axial displacement of the disc (52) on the shaft (50), further comprising means for securing the disc (52) in the second relative rotational position during operation of the device (10). Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the shaft (50) has in a screen area (50-2) at at least one location of its circumference a radially outwardly projecting and axially extending detent ledge (76),
wherein the disc (52) is formed with a through opening (78) adapted to the circumference of the sieve region (50-2) of the shaft (50) for passage of the shaft (50) whose opening edge (80) has a radially outwardly directed indentation (78). 82) for the passage of the locking strip (76),
and wherein the detent ledge (76) has a plurality of axially spaced detent bays (84) on one of its circumferentially spaced sides, into which immediately adjacent portion of the disc (52), as viewed circumferentially, by relative rotation of the disc (52) is engageable with the shaft (50) to block its axial displacement on the shaft (50). Device according to one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the Arretierungsleiste (76) of the shaft (50) and accordingly the indentation (82) at the passage opening (78) of the disc (52) several times, as viewed in the circumferential direction are provided at several locations. Device for separating material (30), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a disc screen (12) with a transport direction (T) for material (30) applied thereon, which extends from a disc screen start (14) to a disc screen end (16) for providing a first fraction (34) of the deposited material as a screen fraction below the disc screen (12) and a second fraction (38) of the applied material as an oversize fraction at the disc screen end (16), wherein for varying the number of discs (52) a respective shaft (50) of the disc screen (12) in the region of at least one shaft end (50-1, 50-3) Receiving space (88) for accommodating a number of discs (52) not required for the current operation of the device (10) is formed, and wherein the discs (52) of a screen region (50-2) of the shaft (50) in the receiving space (88) into and out of the receiving space (88) in the sieve region (50-2) of the shaft (50) are axially displaceable. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein on the shaft (50) on the one hand and on the discs (52) on the other hand corresponding fastening means (76, 78, 82, 84) for releasably securing the discs (52) at desired axial positions of the shaft (50) are. Method for separating material (30), such as, for example, bulk material, in particular green material, into a plurality of material fractions - applying material (30) to a preferably inclined pulley (12), the transport direction (T) of a Scheibensiebanfang (14) to a Scheibensiebende (16), Collecting and optionally conveying off a first fraction (34) provided below the disc screen (12) as a superfine fraction at the disc screen end (16) and optionally a third fraction provided at the disc screen start (14) as an oversize fraction (42 ) of the applied material (30). Use of a device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8 and / or a method according to claim 9 for separating green material (30) into a plurality of green waste fractions (34, 38, 42) in order to provide a green waste fraction (34, 38) for composting ) to obtain.

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