EP2263635B1 - Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system - Google Patents
Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2263635B1 EP2263635B1 EP10177284.6A EP10177284A EP2263635B1 EP 2263635 B1 EP2263635 B1 EP 2263635B1 EP 10177284 A EP10177284 A EP 10177284A EP 2263635 B1 EP2263635 B1 EP 2263635B1
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- Prior art keywords
- conduit
- patient
- flow
- exhaust port
- pressure
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- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010041235 Snoring Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000001797 obstructive sleep apnea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010021079 Hypopnoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019693 Lung disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000008784 apnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002612 cardiopulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
- A61M16/208—Non-controlled one-way valves, e.g. exhalation, check, pop-off non-rebreathing valves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
- A61M16/0633—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
- A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/42—Reducing noise
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/60—Muscle strain, i.e. measured on the user
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/63—Motion, e.g. physical activity
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
- Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention pertains to an exhaust port assembly for use in a single-limb pressure support system, and, in particular, to an exhaust port assembly with enhanced noise reduction and gas diffusion capabilities, while also minimizing size. The present invention also pertains to a pressure support system using such an exhaust port assembly.
- It is well known to treat a patient with a non-invasive positive pressure support therapy, in which a flow of breathing gas is delivered to the airway of a patient at a pressure greater than the ambient atmospheric pressure. For example, it is known to use a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device to supply a constant positive pressure to the airway of a patient throughout the patient's respiratory cycle to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as other cardio-pulmonary disorders, such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and cheynes-stokes respiration (CSR). An example of such a CPAP device is the REMstar® and Solo® family of CPAP devices manufactured by Respironics, Inc. of Pittsburgh, PA.
- It is also known to provide a non-invasive positive pressure therapy, in which the pressure of gas delivered to the patient varies with the patient's breathing cycle. For example, a "bi-level" pressure support system provides an inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) that is greater than an expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), which is the pressure is delivered during the patient's expiratory phase. Such a bi-level mode of pressure support is provided by the BiPAP® family of devices manufactured and distributed by Respironics, Inc. and is taught, for example, in
U.S. Patent Nos. 5,148,802 to Sanders et al. ,5,313,937 to Zdrojkowski et al., 5,433,193 to Sanders et al. ,5,632,269 to Zdrojkowski et al. ,5,803,065 to Zdrojkowski et al. , and6,029,664 to Zdrojkowski et al - It is further known to provide an auto-titration positive pressure therapy, in which the pressure of the flow of breathing gas provided to the patient changes based on the detected conditions of the patient, such as whether the patient is snoring or experiencing an apnea, hypopnea or upper airway resistance. An example of a device that adjusts the pressure delivered to the patient based on whether or not the patient is snoring is the Virtuoso®CPAP family of devices manufactured and distributed by Respironics, Inc. This auto-titration pressure support mode is taught, for example, in
U.S. Patent Nos. 5,203,343 ;5,458,137 and6,087,747 all to Axe et al. - A further example of an auto-titration pressure support device that actively tests the patient's airway to determine whether obstruction, complete or partial, could occur and adjusts the pressure output to avoid this result is the Tranquility® Auto CPAP device, also manufactured by Respironics, Inc. This auto-titration pressure support mode is taught in
U.S. Patent No. 5,645,053 to Remmers et al. - Other modes of providing positive pressure support to a patient are known. For example, a proportional assist ventilation (PAV®) mode of pressure support provides a positive pressure therapy in which the pressure of gas delivered to the patient varies with the patient's breathing effort to increase the comfort to the patient.
U.S. Patent Nos. 5,044,362 and5,107,830 both to Younes , teach a pressure support device capable of operating in a PAV mode. Proportional positive airway pressure (PPAP) devices deliver breathing gas to the patient based on the flow generated by the patient.U.S. Patent Nos. 5,535,738 ;5,794,615 ; and6,105,573 all to Estes et al., teach a pressure support device capable of operating in a PPAP mode. - For purposes of the present invention, the phase "pressure support system", "pressure support device," or "positive pressure support" includes any medical device or method that delivers a flow of breathing gas to the airway of a patient, including a ventilator, CPAP, bi-level, PAV, PPAP, or bi-level pressure support system.
-
Figs. 1 and2 schematically illustrate two exemplary embodiments of conventionalpressure support systems 30 and 30', respectively; either of is capable of providing any of the above positive pressure support therapies. The primary difference between these two embodiments is the technique used to control the pressure or flow of breathing gas provided to the patient. -
Pressure support systems 30 and 30' include a pressure generating system, generally indicated at 32 and 32', that receives a supply of breathing gas from a breathing gas source, as indicated by arrow A, such as ambient atmosphere, and creates a flow of breathing gas at a pressure greater than ambient atmospheric pressure. The flow of breathing gas from pressure generator is indicated by arrow B. Apressure generator 34, such as a blower, impeller, drag compressor, fan, piston, or bellows, or other device that achieves this result, creates the flow of breathing gas at a pressure greater than the ambient atmospheric pressure. Anexit conduit 36 communicates the flow of breathing gas from an outlet ofpressure generator 34.Pressure generator 34 is a commonly a blower in which a fan or impeller is driven by a motor operating under the control of acontroller 38, which is typically a microprocessor capable of executing stored algorithms. - In
Fig. 1 , the pressure or flow of breathing gas delivered to the patient is controlled, at least in part, by a pressure/flow controller 40 inconduit 36. Pressure/flow controller 40 is typically a valve that controls the pressure or flow of breathing gas by (1) exhausting a portion of the flow of breathing gas to atmosphere or to the inlet ofpressure generator 34, (2) restricting the flow of breathing gas through conduit, or (3) a combination of these two functions.Controller 38 directs the operation of pressure/flow controller 40 to regulate the pressure or flow of breathing gas provided to the patient. Examples of suitable pressure controllers are taught inU.S. Patent No. 5,694,923 to Hete et al. andU.S. Patent No. 5,598,838 to Servidio et al. - In
Fig. 2 , the pressure or flow of breathing gas delivered to the patient is controlled, at least in part, by controlling the operating speed ofpressure generator 34. This motor speed control technique can be used alone to control the flow or pressure of the breathing gas provided to the patient or it can be used in combination with apressure controller 40, as discussed above. For present purposes, the combination of apressure generator 34 and any of the above described techniques for controlling the flow or pressure of breathing gas provided to the patient, e.g., motor speed control, a pressure controller, or both, are referred to collectively as the "pressure generating system" or "pressure generating means," with the ultimate goal of the pressure generating system being to provide a flow of breathing gas to the airway of the patient at the desired pressure or flow rate. - A conventional pressure support system may also include at least one sensor capable of measuring a characteristic associated with the flow of breathing gas, the pressure of the breathing gas, a condition of a patient using the pressure support system, a condition of the pressure support system, or any combination thereof. For example,
Figs. 1 and2 schematically illustrate aflow sensor 42 and apressure sensor 44 associated withexit conduit 36. The output from such sensors are provided to controller 38 and used to control the rate of flow and/or pressure of the breathing gas delivered to the patient. For example, in a bi-level pressure support system, the transition from IPAP to EPAP and from EPAP to IPAP is triggered based on the changes in the patient's breathing cycle, which is detected by such sensors. For an auto-titration pressure support system, the output of one or more such sensors is used to determine when to raise and lower the pressure provided to the patient, and can be used to determine the magnitude of the change in pressure. - It is known that the location and number of such sensors can be other than that shown in
Figs. 1 and2 while still providing feedback for the control of the pressure support system. For example, it is known to measure the pressure at or near apatient interface device 46, rather than near thepressure generating system 32, 32', as shown. In addition, it is known to monitor the operation ofpressure generator 34 to determine the condition of the patient, such as whether the patient in breathing on the system. In which case, the functions of the pressure and/or flow sensors are effectively incorporated into the pressure generator monitoring function. - Although
sensors pressure support systems 30 and 30'. For example, a microphone can be provided to detect sounds produced by the patient, which can be used, for example, in an auto-titration pressure support system to control the pressure of the breathing gas delivered to the patient. See, e.g.,U.S. Patent Nos. 5,203,343 and5,458,137 both to Axe et al. - Other sensors that can be used with the pressure support system include a temperature sensor that senses the temperature of gas anywhere in the breathing circuit, a current and/or voltage sensor for sensing the current/voltage of the signal provided to the motor in the pressure generator, and a tachometer that detects the rotational speed of the motor. These sensors are used, for example, to sense the condition of the patient, the flow or pressure of gas provided to the patient, or the operation of the pressure support system. Still other external sensors can include EMG electrodes provided on the patient, a respiratory belt or other motion sensor that measures movement of the chest and/or abdomen, and a motion sensor to detect patient movement, such as leg movement.
- Conventional
pressure support systems 30 or 30' also typically includes an input/output device 48 for communicating information to the user and for communicating information or commands to controller 38. An example of input/output device 46 is an LCD or LED display and manually actuated buttons provided on a housing, which is indicated by dashedline 50, ofpressure support systems 30 and 30'. Of course, other types of input/output devices, such as a keypad, voice activated input device, audio outputs, lights, switches, and knobs are known for use in communicating information between the user and the pressure support device. In addition, a computer or printer terminal coupled tocontroller 38 can also constitute input/output device 48. - In a conventional pressure support system, a
flexible conduit 52 is coupled toexit conduit 36. The flexible conduit forms part of what is typically referred to as a "patient circuit" that carries the flow of breathing gas from the pressure generating system topatient interface device 46.Patient interface 46 connects the patient circuit with the airway of the patient so that the elevated pressure gas flow is delivered to the patient's airway. Examples of patient interface devices include a nasal mask, nasal and oral mask, full face mask, nasal cannula, oral mouthpiece, tracheal tube, endotracheal tube, or hood. - In a non-invasive pressure support system, i.e., a system that remains outside the patient, a single-limb patient circuit, as shown in
Figs. 1 and2 , is typically used to communicate the flow of breathing (arrow B) with the airway of the patient. Becausepatient circuit 52 is a single-limb circuit, anexhalation port 54, also referred to as an exhalation vent, exhaust port, or exhaust vent, is provided inpatient circuit 52 and/orpatient interface 46 to allow exhaust gas, such as the exhaled gas from the patient, to exhaust to atmosphere, as indicated by arrow C. - A variety of exhalation ports are known for venting gas from a single-limb patient circuit. For example,
U.S. Patent No. Re. 35,339 to Rappoport discloses a CPAP pressure support system wherein a few exhaust ports are provided directly on the patient interface device, i.e., in the wall of the mask. However, these exhalation ports are relatively noisy due, for example, to the relatively turbulent passage of gas through the holes. In addition, this exhaust port configuration results in a relatively direct stream of exhaust gas being directed from the mask or patient circuit. Both noise and direct streaming of the flow of exhaust gas are undesirable, because a typical CPAP system is intended to be used while the patient is asleep. Sleep for the patient or the patient's bed partner is disturbed if there is excessive exhaust gas noise or if a stream of gas is directed at the patient or at the user's bed partner. - The exhaust port assembly described in
published PCT application no. WO 98/34665 to Kwok -
U.S. Patent No. 5,937,851 to Serowski et al. ,U.S. Patent No. 6,112,745 to Lang , andpublished PCT application no. WO 00/78381 to Gunaratnam et al. - An exhaust vent entitled, "E-Vent N" and manufactured by Dräger Medizintechnik GmbH attempts to minimize noise by providing a large number of very small exhaust paths from the patient circuit to ambient atmosphere. More specifically, the E-Vent N exhaust port assembly includes several slits defined along the length of the patient circuit. Surrounding these slits are a number of rings that encircle the patient circuit and that are stacked one on top of the other. More specifically, each ring includes a series of grooves on its flat side, so that when the rings are stacked in this manner, the grooves in each ring form a very larger number of minutely sized exhaust paths to atmosphere, with the exhaust gas passing between adjacent rings. This configuration disperses the exhaust gas over a relatively large area due the large number of rings that are stacked on top of one another, so that the noise of the exhaust gas passing through the vent assembly is relatively low.
- However, this exhaust port configuration is very complicated in that the stacked ring configuration is difficult to manufacture and maintain. Also, the minute exhaust paths defined between each ring are prone to clogging and cleaning is difficult. Finally, this design requires that the exhaust paths formed by the grooved rings occupy a relatively large area of the patient circuit to provide a sufficient flow of exhaust gas therefrom. This makes the exhaust port assembly bulky and heavy, and it does not minimize the amount of deadspace in the patient circuit.
-
US 5,647,355 A discloses a self-regulating valve device which is adapted for use with respiratory equipment of a type which produces a pressurized flow of breathing gas. The valve device affords automatic access to the ambient atmosphere in the event of respiratory equipment malfunction and includes a primary inlet, a secondary inlet and an outlet. The primary inlet is adapted for connection to a ported exhalation valve which, in turn, is connected to one end of an elongated flexible tube, the opposite end of which is connected to a gas flow generator. -
WO 00/38772 A1 -
EP 1 027 905 A2 - Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust port assembly that overcomes the shortcomings of conventional exhaust vent devices.
- This object is achieved according to one embodiment of the present invention by providing an exhaust port assembly as defined in the appended
claim 1. The exhaust port assembly includes a conduit having a first end and a second end for carrying a flow of gas and a venting means disposed between the first end and the second end of the conduit. The venting means has a fixed exhaust area for venting a flow of exhaust gas from within the conduit to ambient atmosphere. In addition, the venting means simultaneously minimizes noise associated with the flow of exhaust gas passing to atmosphere, diffuses the flow of exhaust gas passing to ambient atmosphere over a relatively large area, and minimizes the area occupied by the venting means on the conduit. The venting means comprises a plurality of holes defined in the conduit. Each hole defines a direct path from the interior of the conduit to ambient atmosphere through the conduit. The holes have a diameter in a range of 1.02mm to 0.254mm. The total number of the plurality of holes is between 20 and 150. The exhaust port assembly further comprises an auxiliary opening defined in the conduit, and a moveable valve member coupled to the conduit and adapted to close the auxiliary opening responsive to a pressure of the flow of gas within the conduit being above a predetermined threshold. - It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pressure support system that does not suffer from the disadvantages associated with conventional systems using conventional exhaust port techniques. This object is achieved by providing a pressure support system that includes a pressure generator, a patient circuit, and an exhaust port assembly as described in the immediately preceding paragraph.
- These and other objects, features and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.
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Figs. 1 and2 are schematic diagrams illustrating two embodiments of a conventional pressure support system; -
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a mask and exhaust port assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
Fig. 4 is a front view of the exhaust port assembly ofFig. 3 ; -
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust port assembly taken along line 5-5 ofFig. 4 ; -
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the exhaust port assembly ofFig. 3 ; -
Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the exhaust port assembly ofFig. 3 ; -
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust port assembly showing a first position of the valve member; -
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust port assembly showing a second position of the valve member. -
Figs. 10 and 11 are perspective view andFig. 12 is a side view of a second embodiment of anexhaust port assembly 130 according to the principles of the present invention. -
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a first embodiment of apressure support system 60 according to the principles of the present invention.Pressure support system 60 includes apressure generating system 32, 32', apatient interface device 46, apatient circuit 52, and anexhaust port assembly 62.Pressure generating system 32, 32' corresponds to any conventional pressure generating system, such as those discussed above with respect toFigs. 1 and2 . Similarly, the present invention contemplates thatpatient interface device 46 corresponds to any conventional patient interface device. For illustration purposes the patient interface device shown inFig. 3 is a full face mask that covers the user's nose and mouth. -
Exhaust port assembly 62, as shown in greater detail inFigs. 4-9 , includes avent member 64, aconduit coupling member 66, and avalve member 68.Vent member 64 andconduit coupling member 66 are preferably joined to one another during the manufacturing process using any conventional technique so thatvalve member 68 is sandwiched therebetween. It is to be understood, however, thatvent member 64 andcoupling member 66 can be fixed to one another or formed from a single piece of material so that they are essentially one component. Furthermore,valve member 68 can be omitted if the functions provided by that valve, which are discussed in greater detail below, are not required. - The combination of
vent member 64 andconduit coupling member 66 define a conduit having afirst end 70 that is coupled topatient interface device 46 and asecond end 72 that is coupled topatient circuit 52. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,first end 70 is rotateably and permanently attached topatient interface device 46 using any conventional technique.Second end 72 is preferably selectively attachable topatient circuit 52. However, the present invention alternatively contemplates permanently attachingsecond end 72 topatient circuit 52 so that the conduit formed byexhaust port assembly 62 essentially becomes part of the patient circuit. - In the illustrated exemplary embodiment,
exhaust port assembly 62 includes aquick release assembly 74 provided onconduit coupling member 66, so that the conduit coupling member can be readily attached and detached from an end ofpatient circuit 52, thereby allowing the wearer to uncouple himself or herself from the pressure support system without having to remove the mask and mask headgear from his or her head. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment,quick release assembly 74 includes a pair offlexible prongs conduit coupling member 66 and anadapter member 78 that attaches to the patient circuit. An end of each prong that engages the assembly to the patient circuit flexes outward, as indicated by arrow D, when a force is applied to the other end or the prong, as indicated by arrow E. - The end of
patient circuit 52 is frictionally secured toadapter member 78, which is coupled toconduit coupling member 66 due to the engagement between the end ofprongs engagement member 80 provided onadapter member 78. In the illustrated embodiment,engagement member 80 is a ring. It is to be understood however, that other configurations forengagement member 80, as well asprongs adapter member 78 and providing the engagement member on couplingmember 66. - In addition, the present invention contemplates eliminating
adapter member 78 in favor of providing the components of the quick release assembly directly on the end of the patient circuit. Furthermore, the present invention contemplates other techniques for providing a quick connect/release function for attachingsecond end 72 ofexhaust port assembly 62 topatient circuit 52, including, but not limited to, a purely frictional attachment, a slot and key interconnection, or any other conventional technique for releaseably coupling two conduits to one another. -
Exhaust port assembly 62 includes a venting structure, also referred to as a venting means, disposed betweenfirst end 70 andsecond end 72 of the conduit for venting a flow of exhaust gas from within the conduit to ambient atmosphere. According to the embodiment illustrated inFigs. 3-9 , the venting structure includes a plurality of fixed diameter holes 82 defined directly through ventingmember 64 so that a continuous flow of exhaust gas can escape from within the exhaust port assembly to ambient atmosphere, as indicated by arrows F. - By providing a relatively large number of
holes 82 as the exhaust ports, this embodiment of the present invention minimizes the noise associated with the flow of exhaust gas passing to atmosphere. More specifically, the relatively large number of holes allows the flow through any single hole to be relatively low, and the lower the flow through any one exhaust path, the less noise will be created by the gas passing through that exhaust path. In addition, this configuration for the exhaust port diffuses the flow F of exhaust gas passing to ambient atmosphere over a relatively large area, thereby avoiding the undesirable consequences associated with a relatively direct or concentrated flow of exhaust gas note above. Furthermore, by providing the plurality of holes in a relative compact area, namely on aplanar surface 84 ofvent member 64, the area occupied by the venting structure on the conduit is minimized. This is advantageous, as noted above, in it keeps the patient circuit relatively simple, light weight, and minimize deadspace, which is the space from the airway of the patient to the exhaust port where gas is not exhausted from the patient circuit or patient interface. - The present invention contemplates that the total exhaust area, i.e., the area of all of the exhaust paths defined by the holes combined, corresponds to that of conventional exhaust port assemblies. Of course, as with a conventional exhaust port, the total exhaust area can vary depending on the desired rate of exhaust flow. However, in normal operation as a pressure support device, such as a CPAP device, the maximum exhaust flow from the exhaust port assembly is preferably no more than 67 liters per minute (1pm) when the pressure within the patient circuit, i.e., conduit defined by the components of the exhaust port assembly, is 40 cmH2O, which is a maximum pressure likely to be experienced during normal operation of a pressure support system. Similarly, the minimum exhaust flow should be at least 7.5 lpm when the pressure within the assembly is at 1.5 cmH2O. Therefore, the number of holes and the size of the holes should be selected to achieve these flow rates.
- According to the present invention, each hole has a fixed diameter in a range of 1.02mm to 0.254 mm, and the total number of the plurality of holes is between 20 and 150. For example, in one conventional pressure support system, the effective exhaust flow is selected to be between 67 lpm and 7.5 lpm, when the pressure within the conduit is 40 and 1.5 cmH2O, respectively. Over the above-identified hole dimensions, the number of holes needed to provided this exhaust flow will be between 20 and 150. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the holes are 0.635mm in diameter and are no closer together than 0.635mm.
- The present invention contemplates that each
hole 82 is a generally straight path from the interior of the conduit to ambient atmosphere. The present invention further contemplates that eachhole 82 has a relatively constant diameter over the length of the path. However, other configurations forholes 82 are contemplated, such as having a diameter that decreases from the interior of the conduit toward an exterior thereof. Whileholes 82 are shown as being generally circular in shape, the present invention contemplates that the holes can have other shapes, such as square, oval, triangular, etc. Moreover, holes 82 need not all have the same shape, size or diameter. - As noted above, holes 82 are provided on
planar surface 84 so that the exhaust gas flow F is dispersed in a direction generally away from the patient wearingpatient interface device 46. Also,planar surface 84 provides a surface in which it is relatively easy to form holes 82. Preferably, aprotrusion 86 is provided nearholes 82 to prevent them from becoming blocked. It should be noted that the spacing between the hole and the pattern by which the holes are defined in the conduit can also be different than that shown in the figures. However, it is preferably that the spacing between the holes is not less than the diameter of the holes to ensure that the gas diffusion characteristics, and, hence, noise reduction, are maximized. - As noted above, the exhaust port assembly of the present invention is intended for use with a variety of different types of mask, including a full face mask, which is a patient interface device that covers the patient's nose and mouth. It is common when using a full face mask, to provide a valve in the patient circuit that automatically allows the patient access to the ambient atmosphere in the event of a failure of the pressure support system. See, e.g.,
U.S. Patent No. 5,438,981 , which teaches the function of such a valve and describes several embodiments of such a valve. - To provide automatic access to the ambient atmosphere,
exhaust port assembly 62 includes anauxiliary opening 88 defined in the conduit and having a relatively large diameter andvalve member 68. During normal use, where the pressure support system is functioning properly, acantilever member 90 ofvalve member 68 flexes, as shown toFig. 8 , to blockauxiliary opening 88. If the gas pressure in an interior 92 of the conduit is greater than the ambient atmosphere,cantilever member 90 moves to the position shown inFig. 8 to blockopening 88, so that gas is able to flow between the patient and the pressure generating system, as indicated by arrow G. - If, however, the pressure of the gas in
interior 92 is not greater than ambient atmosphere,cantilever member 90 returns to its normal, undeflected position shown inFig. 9 and unblocksauxiliary opening 88 so that the patient has access to the ambient atmosphere as indicated by arrow H. In this position,cantilever member 90 also blocks gas from flowing through the conduit toward the pressure support system. The spring force ofcantilever member 90 tends to urge it toward the unflexed position shown inFig. 9 to ensure thatauxiliary opening 88 becomes unblocked if the pressure support system fails to provide an adequate supply of breathing gas. - It should be noted that the operation of
valve member 68 to block and unblockauxiliary opening 88 and the patient circuit does not affect the operation ofholes 82 in venting a continuous flow F of gas from the patient circuit. It is to be further understood, that a variety of configurations forauxiliary opening 88 andvalve member 68 are contemplated by the present invention, so long as they function as discussed above. Furthermore,auxiliary opening 88 andvalve member 68 can be eliminated if their function of providing automatic access to ambient atmosphere is not required; for example, if the patient interface device is a nasal mask only.
Figs. 10, 11, and 12 illustrate a second embodiment of anexhaust port assembly 130 according to the principles of the present invention.Exhaust port assembly 130 includes aconduit 132 and a ventingstructure 134, also referred to as a venting means, for venting a flow of exhaust gas from within the conduit to ambient atmosphere a plurality of holes. As with the embodiment shown inFigs. 3-9 , the venting structure inexhaust port assembly 130 is defined by a plurality of fixed diameter holes 136. These holes are formed throughconduit 132 so that a continuous flow of exhaust gas escapes from within the exhaust port assembly to ambient atmosphere.Protrusions 138 are provided among the pattern of holes to prevent the holes from becoming blocked. - The number, size, shape, and spacing of
holes 136 are as discussed above with respect to the embodiment shown inFigs. 3-9 . However, holes 136 are not formed in a planar surface as in the embodiment shown inFigs. 3-9 . Instead, holes 136 are defined around a periphery ofconduit 132. - In the illustrated embodiment, holes 136 are formed in the side of
conduit 132 that is opposite the side to which the patient interface device attaches. In addition, holes 136 are configured in a pattern around the conduit over a range of approximately 180°. It is to be understood, however, that other ranges of angles for the pattern of holes about the periphery of the conduit are contemplated by the present invention as well as other patterns. However, it is preferable that the holes are arranged so as to diffuse the gas exhausted from the conduit as much as possible while directing the gas away from the patient. - Although the invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
- An exhaust port assembly comprising:a conduit having a first end and a second end and adapted to carry a flow of gas; andventing means, (62, 134) disposed between the first end and the second end of the conduit and having a fixed area, for venting a flow of exhaust gas from within the conduit to ambient atmosphere, wherein the venting means (62, 134) comprises a plurality of holes (82, 136) so that each of the plurality of holes (82, 136) communicates an interior of the conduit with ambient atmosphere;an auxiliary opening (88) defined in the conduit; anda moveable valve member (68) coupled to the conduit and adapted to close the auxiliary opening (88) responsive to a pressure of the flow of gas within the conduit being above a predetermined threshold, wherein the plurality of holes (82, 136) are defined directly through the conduit,
characterized in that the plurality of holes (82, 136) have a diameter in a range of 1.02 mm and 0.254 mm, and in that the total number of the plurality of holes (82, 136) is between 20 and 150. - The exhaust port assembly of claim 1, wherein the conduit includes a generally planar portion (84), and wherein the plurality of holes (82, 136) are defined in the planar portion (84) of the conduit.
- The exhaust port assembly of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of holes (82, 136) defines a generally straight path from the interior of the conduit to ambient atmosphere and has either (1) a relatively constant diameter over the length of the path, or (2) a diameter that decreases from the interior of the conduit toward an exterior thereof.
- The exhaust port assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve member (68) comprises a flexible cantilever member (90) having one end attached to the conduit.
- The exhaust port assembly of claim 1, further comprising a quick release assembly (74) provided at the first end of the conduit.
- A pressure support system comprising:a) a pressure generating system (32) adapted to generate a flow of breathing gas;b) a patient circuit (36) having a first end coupled to the pressure generating system (32) and a second end, wherein the patient circuit (36) is adapted to carry the flow of breathing gas;c) a patient interface device (46) adapted to communicate the flow of breathing gas to an airway of a patient; andd) an exhaust port assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the exhaust port assembly being associated with the patient circuit (36), the first end of the conduit being coupled to the patient interface device (46) and the second end of the conduit being coupled to the patient circuit (36) so that the conduit is disposed in-line in the patient circuit (36).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29373501P | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | |
US10/119,673 US6851425B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-04-10 | Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system |
EP02737088A EP1392215B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02737088.1 Division | 2002-05-23 | ||
EP02737088A Division EP1392215B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2263635A1 EP2263635A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
EP2263635B1 true EP2263635B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10177284.6A Expired - Lifetime EP2263635B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system |
EP02737088A Expired - Lifetime EP1392215B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP02737088A Expired - Lifetime EP1392215B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Exhaust port assembly for a pressure support system |
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US (3) | US6851425B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2263635B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP3961425B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE494033T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2002310048B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0210014B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2448445C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60238836D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002096342A2 (en) |
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BR0210014A (en) | 2004-08-31 |
JP2007125408A (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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US8061355B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
US20030005931A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
JP3961425B2 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
CA2448445C (en) | 2011-10-25 |
EP2263635A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
EP1392215A4 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
CA2448445A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
US7568482B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 |
BR0210014B1 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
DE60238836D1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
JP2004535226A (en) | 2004-11-25 |
US20090272380A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
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