EP2317215A1 - Light with at least one LED - Google Patents

Light with at least one LED Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2317215A1
EP2317215A1 EP10450164A EP10450164A EP2317215A1 EP 2317215 A1 EP2317215 A1 EP 2317215A1 EP 10450164 A EP10450164 A EP 10450164A EP 10450164 A EP10450164 A EP 10450164A EP 2317215 A1 EP2317215 A1 EP 2317215A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
lens
led
lighting according
light
optical axis
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EP10450164A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2317215B1 (en
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Volker Mannheim
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F21V5/043—Refractors for light sources of lens shape the lens having cylindrical faces, e.g. rod lenses, toric lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/06—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by movement of refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F21V5/041—Ball lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lighting with a light source having at least one LED and at least one lens which lies in the optical axis of the LED.
  • a light-emitting diode also referred to as LED for short, has, inter alia, a diode which emits light when it is flowed through in the forward direction.
  • a diode In front of the diode there is usually a hemispherical LED lens, which concentrates the light to some degree and is part of the LED.
  • the cone angle of the light emerging from the LED lens is in many cases too large, so that the light must be further bundled.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to arrange in front of the LED another transparent, refractive body, with which the light can be efficiently bundled more concentrated and distributed very evenly on a lighted surface.
  • the lens in at least one plane in which the optical axis is located has a circular cross-section.
  • the light-generating surface of the LED chip or the diode Since the light-generating surface of the LED chip or the diode has a certain extent, often at least one edge length of 1 mm, it comes through the circular cross-section of the lens to a natural mixing of the rays, which the homogeneity of the light emerging from the lens and a thus generated light spot on a surface on which the light occurs promotes.
  • the circular cross-section of the lens further promotes this by the opposite to thin lenses high spherical aberration.
  • Two forms of lenses are preferred in the invention. If the described bundling of the light is desired or required only in the direction of a plane, a cylindrical shape of the lens is preferred over at least a certain length, whereby the described focusing and homogeneous distribution of the light takes place in the direction of these planes, in which the lens has a has circular cross-section.
  • a cylindrical lens acts primarily jet-forming only in these planes, the rays are bundled by the circular profile. In other directions, they are not or not bundled in this form, possibly by end faces or end faces of the lens. If these are not specular, the rays will leave the optical system here and will not fall on the light spot. Rays lying in planes in which the lens does not have a circular cross-section lead to a reduced homogeneity of the light spot, the intensity distribution follows the original Lambertian distribution. If one chooses a shorter cylindrical lens in this dimension, this inhomogeneity is justifiable. Looking at convex end surfaces of the cylindrical lens, the above-mentioned inhomogeneity in the axis of the cylinder can be reduced because part of the Rays reflected back towards the optical axis. Similar results are achieved for rotationally symmetric lenses.
  • a spherical lens is preferred.
  • the efficient generation of a rectangular or square light spot is needed.
  • Most lights, headlights, lamps and the like produce rotationally symmetric or oval or elliptical light spots.
  • the light spots are "trimmed", which usually takes place through the use of diaphragms or the like. However, this is inefficient because some of the available light is not used.
  • the optics described here forms the LED chip or its shape, in particular when using a spherical lens. If a spherical lens is arranged at a distance that is in many cases (depending on the structure or the geometry of the LED and its integrated LED lens) in the range of one third of the circumference of the LED lens in front of the LED chip, a Image of the LED chip or its shape generated as a light spot. In order to avoid inhomogeneities of the emission behavior of the LED chip, but also the imaging of the bonding wires, an adjustment of the position of the lens with respect to the LED may be required.
  • the light source consists not only of a single LED but of a field with a plurality of LEDs, which are arranged for example in a rectangular shape
  • the advantageous effect of the illumination according to the invention is particularly important, especially when a single lens with the circular cross-section is arranged in front of the entire field of the LED, since here an effective mixing the rays of all LED takes place and thus an extremely homogeneous light distribution can be achieved.
  • This effect is especially important if the field has LEDs with different colors or frequency spectrums. This may be the case, for example, when either LEDs of different colors are turned on at different times or LEDs of different colors are turned on at the same time to cover certain frequency spectrums that can not be generated by one or more LEDs of a single color.
  • the illumination according to the invention results in a very good mixing of the beams of the individual LEDs, so that within the light beam a very homogenous Distribution of the light of all frequency spectra is done.
  • a rainbow effect in which certain frequency spectra occur in a strip-like manner, can be avoided.
  • An adjustable change of the beam profile can also be achieved by a displacement of the lens perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the rays are not only focused symmetrically around the optical axis, but also deflected to one side, but the homogeneity of the light distribution is retained, but the intensity decreases in one direction.
  • the illumination can be obliquely applied to an object, e.g. a picture, and you still get a uniform lighting.
  • the beam profile after the lens can be widened again in the direction of a first plane in which the cylindrical lenses are circular.
  • rows of cylindrical lenses arranged in at least two further layers can be arranged according to the invention after the two first layers be whose longitudinal axes are arranged to the longitudinal axes of the arranged in the first layers lenses at an angle greater than 0 °, preferably about 90 °.
  • a first embodiment of a lighting according to the invention which has an LED 1 with an LED board 2, an LED chip 3 and an LED lens 4.
  • the LED 1 has an optical axis 5 which is at right angles to the LED chip 3 or to the LED board 2 and passes through the center of the LED chip 3.
  • a spherical lens 6 is arranged in the optical axis 5, by means of which the light beams emitted by the LED 1 are focused.
  • the bundling of the light beams takes place in principle as in Fig. 5 is shown in a cylindrical lens 6 ', but not only in the direction of a plane but in all planes around 360 ° about the optical axis. 5
  • Fig. 2 an embodiment of a lighting according to the invention is shown, in the lens 6 is offset laterally relative to the optical axis 5 of the LED 1. As a result, the light rays are bundled as well as the in Fig. 1 The arrangement shown is the case, but at the same time also slightly deflected from the optical axis 5 in the direction in which the lens 6 is displaced. The amount of offset between the optical axis 5 and a central axis 7 which is parallel to the optical axis 5 determines the amount of deflection away from the optical axis 5.
  • a cylindrical lens 6 ' is shown, whose longitudinal axis 8 intersects the optical axis 5 of the LED 1 at an angle of 90 ° ..
  • the Fig. 5 takes place in a cylindrical lens 6 ', the focusing of the light beams only in the direction of a plane (the Fig. 5 lies in the picture plane and in Fig. 6 normal to the image plane) or in parallel planes to this plane, whereas the light rays in other directions, in which the cylindrical lens 6 'is non-circular, have an outwardly scattered component which is possibly influenced by end faces 9, 10.
  • the above-mentioned inhomogeneity in the direction of the axis 8 of the cylinder can be reduced because a part of the rays is reflected back toward the optical axis 5 again.
  • Fig. 5 shows, takes place by the circular cross section of the lens 6 'not only a bundling of the light rays in this axis but at the same time a mixing of the light rays, so that inhomogeneities of the light beam generating LED chip 3 in the planes in which the lens is round, scattered and strongly attenuated at a light spot generated on a surface or are no longer recognizable.
  • This effect can be particularly important if, instead of a single LED 1, a field of several LED 1 is used, since the light of the technically somewhat spaced apart, different LED 1 is mixed, which greatly contributes to a homogenization of the light beam of several LED 1 and the light spot thus generated contributes.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 can be arranged downstream of a spherical lens 6 or cylindrical lens 6 'per se known transparent, refractive body in the beam path.
  • the ball lens 6 or cylindrical lens 6 ' serves for the preconditioning of the light: the collimated beam can be recorded and processed in a controlled manner by these downstream optical systems. Both subsystems should be coordinated.
  • An adjustable broadening of the light spot in only one dimension can, as for example in Fig. 7 is achieved by two prisms 11, 12 are reached, which are arranged opposite one another and rotatable.
  • the longer the path of the rays through the glass within the individual layers 16 to 19 lenses 20 can be used with different diameters. Additionally or alternatively, the diameters of the lenses 20 of a layer 16 to 19 may be larger or smaller than the diameters of the lenses 20 of other layers 16 to 19.
  • the lenses 20 of a layer 16 to 19 may at least partially also have a distance from each other. Likewise, the individual layers 16 to 19 may have a distance from one another.
  • the achievable small beam angle of 10 ° or less allows the use of a so-called light sail 21, the in Fig. 11 is shown.
  • the lighting according to the invention can be suspended centrally under the ceiling of a living space, be supplied there with power and controlled by remote control or via signal line.
  • the light may be directed to a light sail 21, which may be attached to a wall of the room.
  • the light sail 21 has a reflective, slightly to completely scattering surface and throws the light in the form of a light spot 22, for example on a wall. If the surface is scattered at a narrower angle than a Lambertian radiator, the surface can be bent along one or two orthogonal axes, convex or concave, and tilted with respect to the optical axis.

Abstract

The unit has a light source with an LED (1) and a lens (6'), which lies in an optical axis (5) of the LED and comprises a longitudinal axis (8). The lens is perpendicularly displaced to the optical axis and comprises a circular cross-section in a plane, where the optical axis lies in the plane. The lens comprises a cylindrical form over a predetermined length. An LED chip of the LED comprises a rectangular form. A transparent body is arranged at an optical path after the lens. Cylindrical lenses with parallel longitudinal axes are arranged in two positions in the optical path.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Beleuchtung mit einer Lichtquelle mit wenigstens einer LED und mit wenigstens einer Linse, die in der optischen Achse der LED liegt.The invention relates to a lighting with a light source having at least one LED and at least one lens which lies in the optical axis of the LED.

Eine abgekürzt auch als LED bezeichnete Leuchtdiode weist unter anderem eine Diode auf, welche Licht abstrahlt, wenn sie von Strom in Durchlassrichtung durchströmt wird. Vor der Diode befindet sich üblicherweise eine halbkugelförmige LED-Linse, welche das Licht bis zu einem gewissen Grad bündelt und Bestandteil der LED ist. Der Kegelwinkel des aus der LED-Linse austretenden Lichts ist aber in vielen Fällen zu groß, so dass das Licht weiter gebündelt werden muss. Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, vor der LED einen weiteren transparenten, lichtbrechenden Körper anzuordnen, mit dem das Licht effizient stärker gebündelt und sehr gleichmäßig auf einer beleuchteten Fläche verteilt werden kann.A light-emitting diode, also referred to as LED for short, has, inter alia, a diode which emits light when it is flowed through in the forward direction. In front of the diode there is usually a hemispherical LED lens, which concentrates the light to some degree and is part of the LED. However, the cone angle of the light emerging from the LED lens is in many cases too large, so that the light must be further bundled. The invention is therefore based on the object to arrange in front of the LED another transparent, refractive body, with which the light can be efficiently bundled more concentrated and distributed very evenly on a lighted surface.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe bei einer Beleuchtung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch, dass, die Linse in wenigstens einer Ebene, in der die optische Achse liegt, einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist..This object is achieved in a lighting of the type mentioned above in that, the lens in at least one plane in which the optical axis is located, has a circular cross-section.

Da die lichterzeugende Fläche des LED-Chip bzw. der Diode eine gewisse Ausdehnung hat, häufig mindestens eine Kantenlänge von 1 mm, kommt es durch den kreisförmigen Querschnitt der Linse zu einer natürlichen Vermischung der Strahlen, welche die Homogenität des aus der Linse austretenden Lichts und eines somit erzeugten Lichtflecks auf einer Fläche, auf der das Licht auftritt, fördert. Der kreisförmige Querschnitt der Linse fördert dies ferner durch die gegenüber dünnen Linsen hohe sphärischen Aberration.Since the light-generating surface of the LED chip or the diode has a certain extent, often at least one edge length of 1 mm, it comes through the circular cross-section of the lens to a natural mixing of the rays, which the homogeneity of the light emerging from the lens and a thus generated light spot on a surface on which the light occurs promotes. The circular cross-section of the lens further promotes this by the opposite to thin lenses high spherical aberration.

Zwei Formen von Linsen sind bei der Erfindung bevorzugt. Wenn die beschriebene Bündelung des Lichts nur in Richtung einer Ebene erwünscht bzw. benötigt wird, ist eine wenigstens über eine bestimmte Länge zylindrische Form der Linse bevorzugt, wobei die beschriebene Bündelung und homogene Verteilung des Lichts in Richtung dieser Ebenen erfolgt, in denen die Linse einen kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweist.Two forms of lenses are preferred in the invention. If the described bundling of the light is desired or required only in the direction of a plane, a cylindrical shape of the lens is preferred over at least a certain length, whereby the described focusing and homogeneous distribution of the light takes place in the direction of these planes, in which the lens has a has circular cross-section.

Eine zylindrische Linse wirkt vornehmlich strahlformend nur in diesen Ebenen, die Strahlen werden durch das kreisförmige Profil gebündelt. In anderen Richtungen werden sie nicht oder nicht in dieser Form gebündelt, allenfalls durch Endflächen bzw. Stirnflächen der Linse. Wenn diese nicht spiegelnd ausgeführt sind, werden hier die Strahlen das optische System verlassen und nicht auf den Lichtfleck fallen. Strahlen, die in Ebenen liegen, in denen die Linse keinen kreisrungen Querschnitt aufweist, führen zu eine verringerten Homogenität des Lichtflecks, die Intensitätsverteilung folgt der originalen Lambertschen Verteilung. Wählt man eine kürzere zylinderförmige Linse in dieser Dimension, ist diese Inhomogenität vertretbar. Sieht man konvexe Endflächen der zylinderförmige Linse vor, kann die oben angesprochene Inhomogenität in der Achse des Zylinders verringert werden, da ein Teil der Strahlen wieder in Richtung zur optischen Achse zurück reflektiert wird. Ähnliche Ergebnisse werden für rotationssymmetrische Linsen erreicht.A cylindrical lens acts primarily jet-forming only in these planes, the rays are bundled by the circular profile. In other directions, they are not or not bundled in this form, possibly by end faces or end faces of the lens. If these are not specular, the rays will leave the optical system here and will not fall on the light spot. Rays lying in planes in which the lens does not have a circular cross-section lead to a reduced homogeneity of the light spot, the intensity distribution follows the original Lambertian distribution. If one chooses a shorter cylindrical lens in this dimension, this inhomogeneity is justifiable. Looking at convex end surfaces of the cylindrical lens, the above-mentioned inhomogeneity in the axis of the cylinder can be reduced because part of the Rays reflected back towards the optical axis. Similar results are achieved for rotationally symmetric lenses.

Wenn die beschriebene Bündelung und homogene Verteilung des Lichts um 360° bzw. in allen Ebenen erforderlich bzw. erwünscht ist, in denen die optischen Achse liegt, ist eine kugelförmige Linse bevorzugt.If the described bundling and homogeneous distribution of the light is required or desired by 360 ° or in all planes in which the optical axis lies, a spherical lens is preferred.

In vielen Anwendungsfällen, beispielhaft wird die Beleuchtung von Bildern beschrieben, wird die effiziente Erzeugung eines rechteckigen oder quadratischen Lichtflecks benötigt. Die meisten Beleuchtungen, Scheinwerfer, Lampen und dergleichen erzeugen rotationssymmetrische oder ovale bzw. elliptische Lichtflecken. Um hier rechteckige oder quadratische Lichtflecken erzeugen zu können, werden die Lichtflecken "beschnitten", was meist durch den Einsatz von Blenden oder dergleichen erfolgt. Dies ist allerdings ineffizient, da ein Teil des zur Verfügung stehenden Lichts nicht genutzt wird.In many applications, for example the illumination of images is described, the efficient generation of a rectangular or square light spot is needed. Most lights, headlights, lamps and the like produce rotationally symmetric or oval or elliptical light spots. In order to be able to produce rectangular or square light spots here, the light spots are "trimmed", which usually takes place through the use of diaphragms or the like. However, this is inefficient because some of the available light is not used.

Bei der Erfindung kann man hierfür entweder einen rechteckigen oder quadratischen LED-Chip verwenden. Da zur Erhöhung der Auskopplungseffizienz der eigentliche Lichtaustritt durch eine meist halbkugelförmige LED-Linse erfolgt, welche das Lambertsche Strahlverhalten des LED-Chip nicht wesentlich beeinflusst, kann man für die hier beschriebene Optik den LED-Chip als Referenzpunkt nehmen.In the invention, one can use either a rectangular or square LED chip for this purpose. Since the actual light emission is effected by a mostly hemispherical LED lens, which does not significantly affect the Lambertian beam behavior of the LED chip, the LED chip can be used as the reference point for the optics described here in order to increase the coupling-out efficiency.

Die hier beschriebene Optik bildet insbesondere bei Verwendung einer kugelförmigen Linse den LED-Chip beziehungsweise dessen Form ab. Wird eine kugelförmige Linse in einem Abstand angeordnet, der in vielen Fällen (abhängig vom Aufbau bzw. der Geometrie der LED und deren integrierter LED-Linse) im Bereich von einem Drittel des Umfangs der LED-Linse vor dem LED-Chip liegt, wird ein Abbild des LED-Chip bzw. dessen Form als Lichtfleck erzeugt. Um Inhomogenitäten des Abstrahlverhaltens des LED-Chip, aber auch die Abbildung der Bonddrähte zu vermeiden, kann eine Justierung der Position der Linse in Bezug auf die LED erforderlich sein.The optics described here forms the LED chip or its shape, in particular when using a spherical lens. If a spherical lens is arranged at a distance that is in many cases (depending on the structure or the geometry of the LED and its integrated LED lens) in the range of one third of the circumference of the LED lens in front of the LED chip, a Image of the LED chip or its shape generated as a light spot. In order to avoid inhomogeneities of the emission behavior of the LED chip, but also the imaging of the bonding wires, an adjustment of the position of the lens with respect to the LED may be required.

Es versteht sich, dass der beschriebene Effekt der exakten Abbildung der Form des LED-Chip bei zylinderförmigen Linsen nur in Richtung jener Ebene auftritt, in der die Linse tatsächlich kreisrund ist.It is understood that the described effect of the exact mapping of the shape of the LED chip in cylindrical lenses only occurs in the direction of the plane in which the lens is actually circular.

In jenen Fällen, in denen die Lichtquelle nicht nur aus einer einzigen LED sondern aus einem Feld mit mehreren LED besteht, welche beispielsweise in einer rechteckigen Form angeordnet sind, tritt im Stand der Technik der Effekt einer inhomogenen Verteilung des Lichts verstärkt auf. Hier kommt die vorteilhafte Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtung besonders zum Tragen, insbesondere wenn eine einzige Linse mit dem kreisförmigen Querschnitt vor dem gesamten Feld der LED angeordnet ist, da hier eine effektive Vermischung der Strahlen aller LED erfolgt und somit eine äußerst homogene Lichtverteilung erzielt werden kann.In those cases in which the light source consists not only of a single LED but of a field with a plurality of LEDs, which are arranged for example in a rectangular shape, occurs in the prior art, the effect of an inhomogeneous distribution of light increasingly. Here, the advantageous effect of the illumination according to the invention is particularly important, especially when a single lens with the circular cross-section is arranged in front of the entire field of the LED, since here an effective mixing the rays of all LED takes place and thus an extremely homogeneous light distribution can be achieved.

Alternativ ist es aber auch möglich, für jede einzelne LED eine eigene Linse oder für Gruppen von LED des Feldes eine gemeinsame Linse vorzusehen.Alternatively, it is also possible to provide a separate lens for each individual LED or for groups of LEDs of the field a common lens.

Dieser Effekt ist ganz besonders dann von Bedeutung, wenn das Feld LED mit unterschiedlichen Farben bzw. Frequenzspektren besitzt. Dies kann beispielsweise dann der Fall sein, wenn entweder LED mit unterschiedlichen Farben zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten eingeschaltet werden oder LED mit unterschiedlichen Farben zeitgleich eingeschaltet werden um bestimmte Frequenzspektren abzudecken, die von einer oder mehreren LED einer einzigen Farbe nicht erzeugt werden können.This effect is especially important if the field has LEDs with different colors or frequency spectrums. This may be the case, for example, when either LEDs of different colors are turned on at different times or LEDs of different colors are turned on at the same time to cover certain frequency spectrums that can not be generated by one or more LEDs of a single color.

In den Fällen, in denen zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten unterschiedliche LED eingeschaltet werden, stellen die einzelnen eingeschalteten LED faktisch diskrete Lichtquellen innerhalb des Feldes da, welche automatisch zu einer inhomogenen Verteilung des Lichts innerhalb des von der Beleuchtung erzeugten Lichtbündels führen würden. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei der erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtung dieser nachteilige Effekt sehr stark verringert werden kann.In cases where different LEDs are turned on at different times, the individual LEDs turned on actually discrete light sources within the field, which would automatically lead to an inhomogeneous distribution of the light within the light beam generated by the illumination. It has been found that in the lighting according to the invention, this disadvantageous effect can be greatly reduced.

Im anderen erwähnten Fall, bei dem LED mit zwei oder mehr unterschiedlichen Farben bzw. Farbspektren zeitgleich eingeschaltet werden, um breitere Frequenzspektren zu erzeugen, führt die erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtung zu einer sehr guten Durchmischung der Strahlen der einzelnen LED, so dass innerhalb des Lichtbündels eine sehr homogene Verteilung des Lichts aller Frequenzspektren erfolgt. Damit kann ein Regenbogeneffekt, bei dem bestimmte Frequenzspektren streifenförmig verstärkt auftreten, vermieden werden.In the other case mentioned, in which LEDs with two or more different colors or color spectra are switched on at the same time in order to produce broader frequency spectra, the illumination according to the invention results in a very good mixing of the beams of the individual LEDs, so that within the light beam a very homogenous Distribution of the light of all frequency spectra is done. Thus, a rainbow effect, in which certain frequency spectra occur in a strip-like manner, can be avoided.

Eine einstellbare Veränderung des Strahlenprofils kann ferner durch eine Versetzung der Linse senkrecht zur optischen Achse erreicht werden. Bei einer kugelförmigen oder (annähernd) zylindrischen Linse werden dann die Strahlen nicht nur symmetrisch um die optische Achse gebündelt, sondern auch zu einer Seite abgelenkt, wobei die Homogenität der Lichtverteilung aber erhalten bleibt, die Intensität aber in eine Richtung abnimmt. Dadurch kann die Beleuchtung schräg auf einen Gegenstand, z.B. ein Bild, scheinen und man erhält dennoch eine gleichmäßige Beleuchtung.An adjustable change of the beam profile can also be achieved by a displacement of the lens perpendicular to the optical axis. In the case of a spherical or (approximately) cylindrical lens, the rays are not only focused symmetrically around the optical axis, but also deflected to one side, but the homogeneity of the light distribution is retained, but the intensity decreases in one direction. Thereby, the illumination can be obliquely applied to an object, e.g. a picture, and you still get a uniform lighting.

Wenn im Strahlengang nach der Linse in wenigstens zwei ersten Lagen angeordnete Reihen von Zylinderlinsen mit parallelen Längsachsen angeordnet sind, kann das Strahlenprofil nach der Linse in Richtung einer ersten Ebene, in der die Zylinderlinsen kreisrund sind, wieder aufgeweitet werden.If rows of cylindrical lenses with parallel longitudinal axes arranged in at least two first layers in the beam path are arranged after the lens, the beam profile after the lens can be widened again in the direction of a first plane in which the cylindrical lenses are circular.

Wenn die Aufweitung auch in Richtung einer zweiten Ebene erfolgen soll, die beispielsweise um 90° gegenüber der vorerwähnten ersten Ebene gedreht ist und in der ebenfalls die optische Achse liegt, können erfindungsgemäß nach den zwei ersten Lagen in wenigstens zwei weiteren Lagen angeordnete Reihen von Zylinderlinsen angeordnet sein, deren Längsachsen zu den Längsachsen der in den ersten Lagen angeordneten Linsen in einem Winkel größer 0°, vorzugsweise etwa 90°, angeordnet sind.If the expansion is also to take place in the direction of a second plane, which is rotated, for example, by 90 ° with respect to the aforementioned first plane and in which the optical axis is likewise located, rows of cylindrical lenses arranged in at least two further layers can be arranged according to the invention after the two first layers be whose longitudinal axes are arranged to the longitudinal axes of the arranged in the first layers lenses at an angle greater than 0 °, preferably about 90 °.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der übrigen Unteransprüche.Further preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the remaining dependent claims.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele der für Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtung mit einer kugelförmigen Linse,
Fig. 2
eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtung mit einer versetzten kugelförmigen Linse und dem Strahlengang,
Fig. 3
eine dritte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtung mit einer zylinderförmigen Linse von der Seite,
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht auf die Beleuchtung von Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
den Strahlengang durch die zylinderförmigen Linse entsprechend Fig. 3,
Fig. 6
den Strahlengang durch die zylinderförmigen Linse entsprechend Fig. 4,
Fig. 7
eine erste Ausführungsform nachgeschalteter optische Elemente,
Fig. 8
eine zweite Ausführungsform nachgeschalteter optische Elemente,
Fig. 9
eine dritte Ausführungsform nachgeschalteter optische Elemente,
Fig. 10
eine vierte Ausführungsform nachgeschalteter optische Elemente und
Fig. 11
einen Reflektor für die erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtung.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of an illumination according to the invention with a spherical lens,
Fig. 2
a second embodiment of a lighting according to the invention with an offset spherical lens and the beam path,
Fig. 3
a third embodiment of a lighting according to the invention with a cylindrical lens from the side,
Fig. 4
a top view of the lighting of Fig. 3 .
Fig. 5
the beam path through the cylindrical lens accordingly Fig. 3 .
Fig. 6
the beam path through the cylindrical lens accordingly Fig. 4 .
Fig. 7
a first embodiment of downstream optical elements,
Fig. 8
a second embodiment of downstream optical elements,
Fig. 9
a third embodiment of downstream optical elements,
Fig. 10
a fourth embodiment of downstream optical elements and
Fig. 11
a reflector for the illumination according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtung dargestellt, welche eine LED 1 mit einer LED-Platine 2, einem LED-Chip 3 und einer LED-Linse 4 aufweist. Die LED 1 weist eine optische Achse 5 auf, die im rechten Winkel zum LED-Chip 3 bzw. zur LED-Platine 2 steht und durch das Zentrum des LED-Chip 3 geht. Vor der LED 1 ist in der optischen Achse 5 eine kugelförmige Linse 6 angeordnet, durch welche die von der LED 1 abgegebenen Lichtstrahlen gebündelt werden. Die Bündelung der Lichtstrahlen erfolgt im Prinzip so wie dies in Fig. 5 bei einer zylindrischen Linse 6' dargestellt ist, jedoch nicht nur in Richtung einer Ebene sondern in allen Ebenen um 360° um die optische Achse 5.In Fig. 1 a first embodiment of a lighting according to the invention is shown, which has an LED 1 with an LED board 2, an LED chip 3 and an LED lens 4. The LED 1 has an optical axis 5 which is at right angles to the LED chip 3 or to the LED board 2 and passes through the center of the LED chip 3. In front of the LED 1, a spherical lens 6 is arranged in the optical axis 5, by means of which the light beams emitted by the LED 1 are focused. The bundling of the light beams takes place in principle as in Fig. 5 is shown in a cylindrical lens 6 ', but not only in the direction of a plane but in all planes around 360 ° about the optical axis. 5

In Fig. 2 ist eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtung dargestellt, bei der die Linse 6 gegenüber der optischen Achse 5 der LED 1 seitlich versetzt ist. Dadurch werden die Lichtstrahlen zwar ebenso gebündelt wie dies bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Anordnung der Fall ist, jedoch gleichzeitig auch leicht aus der optischen Achse 5 in die Richtung abgelenkt, in welche die Linse 6 verschoben ist. Das Maß der Versetzung zwischen der optischen Achse 5 und einer Mittelachse 7, welche parallel zur optischen Achse 5 liegt, bestimmt das Ausmaß der Ablenkung von der optischen Achse 5 weg.In Fig. 2 an embodiment of a lighting according to the invention is shown, in the lens 6 is offset laterally relative to the optical axis 5 of the LED 1. As a result, the light rays are bundled as well as the in Fig. 1 The arrangement shown is the case, but at the same time also slightly deflected from the optical axis 5 in the direction in which the lens 6 is displaced. The amount of offset between the optical axis 5 and a central axis 7 which is parallel to the optical axis 5 determines the amount of deflection away from the optical axis 5.

In den Fig. 3 und 4 ist eine zylinderförmige Linse 6' dargestellt, deren Längsachse 8 die optische Achse 5 der LED 1 in einem Winkel von 90° schneidet.. Wie die Fig. 5 zeigt, erfolgt bei einer zylindrischen Linse 6' die Bündelung der Lichtstrahlen nur in Richtung einer Ebene (die Fig. 5 in der Bildebene liegt und in Fig. 6 normal zur Bildebene steht) bzw. in Parallelebenen zu dieser Ebene, wogegen die Lichtstrahlen in anderen Richtungen, in denen die zylinderförmige Linse 6' nicht kreisförmig ist, eine nach außen gestreute Komponente aufweisen, die allenfalls durch Endflächen 9, 10 beeinflusst wird. Sieht man konvexe Endflächen der zylinderförmigen Linse 6' vor, kann die oben angesprochene Inhomogenität in Richtung der Achse 8 des Zylinders verringert werden, da ein Teil der Strahlen wieder in Richtung zur optischen Achse 5 zurück reflektiert wird.In the 3 and 4 a cylindrical lens 6 'is shown, whose longitudinal axis 8 intersects the optical axis 5 of the LED 1 at an angle of 90 ° .. Like the Fig. 5 shows, takes place in a cylindrical lens 6 ', the focusing of the light beams only in the direction of a plane (the Fig. 5 lies in the picture plane and in Fig. 6 normal to the image plane) or in parallel planes to this plane, whereas the light rays in other directions, in which the cylindrical lens 6 'is non-circular, have an outwardly scattered component which is possibly influenced by end faces 9, 10. Looking at convex end surfaces of the cylindrical lens 6 ', the above-mentioned inhomogeneity in the direction of the axis 8 of the cylinder can be reduced because a part of the rays is reflected back toward the optical axis 5 again.

Wie Fig. 5 zeigt, erfolgt durch den kreisrunden Querschnitt der Linse 6' nicht nur eine Bündelung der Lichtstrahlen in dieser Achse sondern gleichzeitig auch eine Durchmischung der Lichtstrahlen, so dass Inhomogenitäten des die Lichtstrahlen erzeugenden LED-Chip 3 in den Ebenen, in denen die Linse rund ist, verstreut werden und an einem auf einer Fläche erzeugten Lichtfleck stark abschwächt oder überhaupt nicht mehr zu erkennen sind.As Fig. 5 shows, takes place by the circular cross section of the lens 6 'not only a bundling of the light rays in this axis but at the same time a mixing of the light rays, so that inhomogeneities of the light beam generating LED chip 3 in the planes in which the lens is round, scattered and strongly attenuated at a light spot generated on a surface or are no longer recognizable.

Diese Wirkung kann besonders dann von Bedeutung sein, wenn anstelle einer einzigen LED 1 ein Feld aus mehreren LED 1 verwendet wird, da das Licht der technisch bedingt etwas voneinander beabstandeten, unterschiedlichen LED 1 durchmischt wird, was sehr stark zu einer Homogenisierung des Lichtbündels von mehreren LED 1 und des damit erzeugten Lichtflecks beiträgt.This effect can be particularly important if, instead of a single LED 1, a field of several LED 1 is used, since the light of the technically somewhat spaced apart, different LED 1 is mixed, which greatly contributes to a homogenization of the light beam of several LED 1 and the light spot thus generated contributes.

Wie die Fig. 7 und Fig. 8 zeigen, können einer kugelförmigen Linse 6 oder zylinderförmigen Linse 6' an sich bekannte transparente, lichtbrechende Körper im Strahlengang nachgeordnet sein. Hier dient die Kugellinse 6 oder zylindrische Linse 6' der Vorkonditionierung des Lichts: der kollimierte Strahl kann von diesen nachgeordneten optischen Systemen kontrolliert aufgenommen und weiterverarbeitet werden. Beide Teilsysteme sollten aufeinander abgestimmt sein.As the FIGS. 7 and 8 show, can be arranged downstream of a spherical lens 6 or cylindrical lens 6 'per se known transparent, refractive body in the beam path. Here, the ball lens 6 or cylindrical lens 6 'serves for the preconditioning of the light: the collimated beam can be recorded and processed in a controlled manner by these downstream optical systems. Both subsystems should be coordinated.

Eine einstellbare Verbreiterung des Lichtflecks in nur einer Dimension kann, wie dies beispielsweise in Fig. 7 dargestellt ist, durch zwei Prismen 11, 12 erreicht werden, die gegengleich angeordnet und drehbar sind. Je länger der Weg der Strahlen durch das Glas Innerhalb der einzelnen Lagen 16 bis 19 können Linsen 20 mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern verwendet werden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können die Durchmesser der Linsen 20 einer Lage 16 bis 19 größer oder kleiner als die Durchmesser der Linsen 20 anderer Lagen 16 bis 19 sein.An adjustable broadening of the light spot in only one dimension can, as for example in Fig. 7 is achieved by two prisms 11, 12 are reached, which are arranged opposite one another and rotatable. The longer the path of the rays through the glass Within the individual layers 16 to 19 lenses 20 can be used with different diameters. Additionally or alternatively, the diameters of the lenses 20 of a layer 16 to 19 may be larger or smaller than the diameters of the lenses 20 of other layers 16 to 19.

Die Linsen 20 einer Lage 16 bis 19 können wenigstens zum Teil auch einen Abstand voneinander haben. Ebenso können die einzelnen Lagen 16 bis 19 einen Abstand voneinander haben.The lenses 20 of a layer 16 to 19 may at least partially also have a distance from each other. Likewise, the individual layers 16 to 19 may have a distance from one another.

Wenn, wie in Fig. 9 und 10 zwei oder mehr parallele und/oder gekreuzte Lagen 16 bis 19 von Zylinder-Linsen 20 verwendet werden, kann anstelle der kugelförmigen oder zylinderförmigen Linse 6 auch eine andere herkömmliche Linse verwendet werden, welche das Licht bündelt, bevor es auf die Lagen 16 bis 19 trifft.If, as in FIGS. 9 and 10 two or more parallel and / or crossed layers 16 to 19 of cylindrical lenses 20 are used, instead of the spherical or cylindrical lens 6, another conventional lens may be used which focuses the light before it strikes the layers 16 to 19 ,

Der erreichbare kleine Strahlwinkel von 10° oder weniger erlaubt die Nutzung eines so genannten Lichtsegels 21, das in Fig. 11 dargestellt ist. Beispielsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtung zentral unter der Decke eines Wohnraums aufgehängt werden, dort mit Strom versorgt werden und mittels Fernbedienung oder über Signalleitung gesteuert werden. Das Licht kann auf ein Lichtsegel 21 gerichtet werden, welches an einer Wand des Raumes befestigt sein kann. Das Lichtsegel 21 hat eine reflektierende, leicht bis vollständig streuende Oberfläche und wirft das Licht in Form eines Lichtflecks 22 beispielsweise auf eine Wand. Streut die Oberfläche in einen engeren Winkel als ein Lambertscher Strahler, kann die Oberfläche entlang einer oder zweier orthogonaler Achsen gebogen sein, konvex oder konkav, sowie bezüglich der optischen Achse geneigt werden.The achievable small beam angle of 10 ° or less allows the use of a so-called light sail 21, the in Fig. 11 is shown. For example, the lighting according to the invention can be suspended centrally under the ceiling of a living space, be supplied there with power and controlled by remote control or via signal line. The light may be directed to a light sail 21, which may be attached to a wall of the room. The light sail 21 has a reflective, slightly to completely scattering surface and throws the light in the form of a light spot 22, for example on a wall. If the surface is scattered at a narrower angle than a Lambertian radiator, the surface can be bent along one or two orthogonal axes, convex or concave, and tilted with respect to the optical axis.

Claims (16)

Beleuchtung mit einer Lichtquelle mit wenigstens einer LED (1) und mit wenigstens einer Linse (6, 6'), die in der optischen Achse (5) der LED (1) liegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Linse (6, 6') in wenigstens einer Ebene, in der die optische Achse (5) liegt, einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist.Illumination with a light source with at least one LED (1) and with at least one lens (6, 6 ') located in the optical axis (5) of the LED (1), characterized in that the lens (6, 6') in at least one plane, in which the optical axis (5) is located, has a circular cross-section. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Linse (6') wenigstens über eine bestimmte Länge eine zylindrische Form aufweist.Lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that the lens (6 ') has a cylindrical shape at least over a certain length. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Linse (6) eine Kugelform aufweist.Lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that the lens (6) has a spherical shape. Beleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein LED-Chip (3) der LED (1) eine rechteckige Form aufweist.Lighting according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an LED chip (3) of the LED (1) has a rectangular shape. Beleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, mehrere LED (1) in einer vorzugsweise rechteckigen Form angeordnet sind.Lighting according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of LEDs (1) are arranged in a preferably rectangular shape. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine einzige Linse (6, 6') vor allen LED (1) angeordnet ist.Lighting according to claim 5, characterized in that a single lens (6, 6 ') in front of all the LED (1) is arranged. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für jede einzelne LED (1) eine eigene Linse (6, 6') vorhanden ist.Lighting according to claim 5, characterized in that for each individual LED (1) has its own lens (6, 6 ') is present. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für Gruppen von LED (1) eine gemeinsame Linse (6, 6') vorhanden ist.Lighting according to claim 5, characterized in that for groups of LEDs (1) a common lens (6, 6 ') is present. Beleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens zwei LED (1) Licht unterschiedlicher Frequenzspektren abgeben.Lighting according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that at least two LEDs (1) emit light of different frequency spectra. Beleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Strahlengang nach der Linse (6, 6') wenigstens ein weiterer transparenter, lichtbrechender Körper (11 bis 16, 20) angeordnet ist.Lighting according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the beam path to the lens (6, 6 ') at least one further transparent, refractive body (11 to 16, 20) is arranged. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Strahlengang nach der Linse (6) in wenigstens zwei ersten Lagen (16, 17) angeordnete Reihen von Zylinderlinsen (20) mit parallelen Längsachsen angeordnet sind.Illumination according to claim 10, characterized in that arranged in the beam path to the lens (6) in at least two first layers (16, 17) arranged rows of cylindrical lenses (20) with parallel longitudinal axes. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach den zwei ersten Lagen (16, 17) in wenigstens zwei weiteren Lagen (18, 19) angeordnete Reihen von Zylinderlinsen (20) angeordnet sind, deren Längsachsen zu den Längsachsen der in den ersten Lagen (16, 17) angeordneten Linsen in einem Winkel größer 0°, vorzugsweise etwa 90°, angeordnet sind.Lighting according to claim 10, characterized in that arranged after the two first layers (16, 17) in at least two further layers (18, 19) Rows of cylindrical lenses (20) are arranged, whose longitudinal axes to the longitudinal axes of the first layers (16, 17) arranged lenses at an angle greater than 0 °, preferably about 90 °, are arranged. Beleuchtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Linsen (20) in den jeweils ersten und/oder zweiten Lagen (16, 17, 18, 19) exakt übereinander liegen.Lighting according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the lenses (20) in the respective first and / or second layers (16, 17, 18, 19) are exactly superimposed. Beleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagen (16, 17 18, 19) mit Bezug zur optischen Achse (5) verschwenkt sind.Lighting according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the layers (16, 17 18, 19) are pivoted with respect to the optical axis (5). Beleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Linse (6, 6') senkrecht zur optischen Achse (5) versetzt istLighting according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the lens (6, 6 ') is offset perpendicular to the optical axis (5) Beleuchtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch kennzeichnet, dass der Abstand der Linse (6, 6') von der LED (1) etwa 1/3 des Umfangs der LED (1) beträgt.Lighting according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized indicates that the distance of the lens (6, 6 ') from the LED (1) is about 1/3 of the circumference of the LED (1).
EP10450164.8A 2009-11-02 2010-10-28 Light with at least one LED Not-in-force EP2317215B1 (en)

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