EP2506687A1 - Operating device for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes and method for operating the same - Google Patents
Operating device for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes and method for operating the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP2506687A1 EP2506687A1 EP12002383A EP12002383A EP2506687A1 EP 2506687 A1 EP2506687 A1 EP 2506687A1 EP 12002383 A EP12002383 A EP 12002383A EP 12002383 A EP12002383 A EP 12002383A EP 2506687 A1 EP2506687 A1 EP 2506687A1
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- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- operating
- discharge lamp
- emitting diode
- memory
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
- H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2851—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2855—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- H05B45/58—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits involving end of life detection of LEDs
Definitions
- the invention relates to an operating device for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes, which is formed by a feed circuit, which translates the mains current into the operating parameters whose values are set by a control circuit, the control circuit is provided with a memory in the set values of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or Light emitting diode are stored.
- the invention further relates to a method for operating such a control gear.
- the discharge lamps find wide use in many fields as light and UV radiation sources. They include low pressure lamps and medium pressure UV discharge lamps.
- the elementary supply of medium-pressure UV lamps is that the lamp is connected in series with a throttle and connected in parallel with a thermostarter. In this case, the power consumption of the lamp can not be controlled and a typical lamp life is only 1000 to 2000 hours.
- An electromagnetic power source that allows power to change abruptly prolongs life up to 6000 hours of continuous operation.
- Modern electronic control gear feed the UV lamps with a current of a higher frequency, with no transformer is required, which otherwise entails energy losses. The angular displacement between the current and the voltage is slight.
- the lamp life can be extended up to 8000 hours.
- a further advantage of the supply by means of an electronic control gear is that a multiple on and off the lamp life significantly less affected, as occurs in the case of electromagnetic power sources. In addition, this supply allows to continuously change the current consumption of the lamp.
- the light emitting diode is a semiconductor element containing the pn junction.
- the junction When the current passes through the junction in the transmissive direction, the junction emits a non-coherent light from a narrow one Spectrum. This effect is caused by the electroluminescence.
- the appropriate means for feeding the light emitting diodes are currently electronic control gear that provide a constant current. Sources of constant voltage were previously used, in which the current was limited by means of a resistor connected in front of the light-emitting diode. Such feed was characterized by low efficiency and the voltage changes resulted in light variations and changes in the emitted spectrum. Current electronic sources overcome these drawbacks by maintaining the constant current regardless of the supply voltage or the voltage in the transmissive direction.
- the beam density of the semiconductor junction decreases by about 8% after 6000 hours due to the higher temperature.
- the lifetime is as much as 300 hours and the radiation intensity drops by up to 70%.
- US 6,501,235 relates to an operating electronics that is compatible with different types of discharge lamps.
- the device has a control circuit connected to the supply and incorporating a memory in which desired, constant parameters of different lamp types are stored.
- a detection circuit gives a pulse to the supply circuit to bring the current into the lamp.
- the detection circuit identifies the voltage characteristic of the given type of lamp and thereby identifies the lamp.
- the control circuit then ensures that the supply circuit supplies a current with the parameters of the lamp corresponding to the given type.
- the extension of the service life of the discharge lamp is achieved by setting the feed parameters once, which correspond to the particular type.
- Electronic control gear after US 2010/0295477 is constituted by a supply circuit, a detection circuit and a control system including an evaluation circuit, a physical state preserving circuit and a control circuit.
- the operation of the discharge lamp is controlled by the regulation of the operating current supplied by the supply circuit of the lamp.
- An operating parameter of the lamp, a value of the physical parameter depending on the defined operating parameter and operating state of the lamp is defined using the defined value of the physical parameter and the corresponding model of the physical operation of the lamp, and the operating current is then determined according to the defined operating condition Lamp controlled.
- the furnishings after US 4,831,564 serves to determine the remaining life of a xenon lamp.
- a memory is part of the device, wherein in the memory a flow of a power supply of an average xenon lamp is stored, namely the process that ensures retention of the constant light output of the lamp during its entire life.
- the lamp is thus stored so that its light output remains at the selected level, which is ensured by a sensor by means of a supply controller.
- Actual value of the supply current and actual value of the operating time is measured or part times of the operation are added. From the difference between the set value of the supply current after a certain period of operation of the average lamp and the measured actual value of the real lamp after the same time, the expected remaining lifetime is calculated. If the actual lamp requires more electrical power at some point in time than the average lamp, to achieve the same light output, a shorter life expectancy is to be expected.
- control devices described in two previous documents relies on comparing the actual values of the detected parameters of the real lamp at the given time with the parameters of the lamp of the same type stored in memory, the device detecting either the supply current in accordance with the evaluation of the difference the lamp regulates or indicates the remaining lifetime.
- the type of data relating to the decrease of the light or radiation power is determined as a function of the total operating time of the light source, and they are stored in an electronic memory.
- the respective individual operating time of the respective lighting means is measured and added to the previous individual operating times to obtain the total operating time of the respective individual lighting means.
- the electric power to be supplied to the lighting means at a time is dependent on the stored art-typical data with respect to the decrease in the light and radiation power and the respective total operating time of the respective individual illuminant to obtain a predetermined, z.
- the invention has for its object to design a control gear for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes, the long life of the lamp feed parameters including parameters for the transitional regime, such as start or darkening sets so that the life potential of the lamp is used to the maximum.
- an operating device for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes which is formed by a feed circuit which translates the mains current into the operating parameters whose values are set by a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is equipped with a memory in which
- Setpoints of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode are stored.
- the memory is desired sequence of setpoint stored at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode during the entire life of the lamp, wherein a component of the operating device is a clock that transmits information about the time in which the discharge lamp or light emitting diode in the course of its life located.
- the solution is based on the assumption that in the production of discharge lamps and light emitting diodes, such conformity is currently achieved that the parameters of the products produced by one type have only slight tolerances, both at the beginning of the service life and throughout its entire operation.
- the operating device may be formed by a self-contained block, with an exit interface for switching on a discharge lamp or light emitting diode.
- desired characteristics of the nominal values of the operating parameters of different types of discharge lamps or light emitting diodes can be stored in the memory, which makes the device universal.
- the device should be provided for this purpose with a selector for the respective type of discharge lamp or light emitting diode.
- the operating device may form an integral part of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode.
- the operating device, the control circuit and the memory are capable of taking over a content of an accompanying memory of the discharge lamp or Lichtemitterdiode, which escort the desired sequence of setpoint contains at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode during the entire life of the lamp.
- the desired sequence of at least one of the following parameters of the discharge lamp is stored in the memory of a control gear intended for discharge lamps: heating time, heating frequency or heating current, ignition frequency, frequency shifting between heating frequency and ignition frequency, operating current consumption and frequency, dimming frequency.
- the desired sequence of at least one of the following parameters is Light emitter diode stored: continuous current, voltage at the diode.
- the operating device is operated to store in its memory the desired sequence of at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light-emitting diode obtained by an experimental operation of luminaires of the same type, whereupon the control circuit at any time in the course of the operation of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode in the memory reads a value of the respective parameter corresponding to the time specified by the clock and adjusts this value at the outlet of the operating device.
- desired processes of the operating parameters of different types of discharge lamps or light emitting diodes are stored in the memory.
- a predetermined period of time is added to the operating time in the clock, which corresponds to the wear of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode by switching on again.
- the discharge lamp or light emitting diode is provided with an accompanying memory in which the desired sequence of setpoint values of at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode is stored during the entire service life of the lamp, the content of the accompanying memory is then switched on after the discharge lamp or light emitting diode has been switched on transferred to the memory of the operating device.
- the operating device 1 after Fig. 1 to 3 for discharge lamps 2 and light-emitting diodes is formed by a feed circuit 3 which translates the mains current into the operating parameters at the output interface 4 whose values are set by a control circuit 5 .
- the control circuit 5 is provided with a memory 6 in which nominal values of operating parameters of the discharge lamp 2 or light emitting diode are stored, for the entire life of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode, as they have been determined for the respective type of lamp on an experimental way.
- In the memory 6 is thus desired sequence of heating time, heating frequency or heating current, ignition frequency, frequency shifting between heating frequency and ignition frequency, operating current consumption and frequency and dimming frequency of the discharge lamp stored throughout their life.
- the light emitting diode is the continuous current and voltage at the diode.
- a clock 7 is part of the operating device 1. The sends an information at what time in the course of its life is the discharge lamp 2 or light emitting diode.
- the operating device 1 forms a self-contained block, which has an interface 4 for switching on a discharge lamp 2 or light emitting diode.
- the operating device 1 forms an integral part of a discharge lamp 2 and in the embodiment according to Fig. 3 the supply circuit 3, and the memory 6 are adapted to take over content of an accompanying memory 8 of a switched-on discharge lamp 2 , which contains desired sequences of desired values of the operating parameters of this discharge lamp 2 .
- the operating device 1 is operated in such a way that in its memory 6 the desired sequences of operating parameters of the discharge lamp 2 or light-emitting diode are stored, which are determined by an experimental operation of Luminaires of the same type were obtained, whereupon the control circuit 5 at each time in the course of operation of the discharge lamp 2 or light emitting diode in the memory 6 reads a value given by the clock 7 corresponding value of each parameter and adjusts this value at the outlet interface 4 of the operating device 1 .
- desired characteristics of the nominal values of operating parameters of different types of discharge lamps or light emitting diodes are stored in the memory 6 .
- the clock 7 is reset and the process starts from the beginning.
- the most important parameter of a discharge lamp is its current consumption, which affects most of its life. In the event that testing reveals that the longest life for the given type of discharge lamp is achieved, if at the beginning of the life, the power consumption makes only 70% of the maximum power consumption, so in the memory of the process (a curve) is stored starting with 70%.
- a medium-pressure lamp with a nominal current consumption of 1000 W was fed by a common electronic control gear. After the lamp has been switched on for the first time and the maximum radiation intensity I 1 has been reached at the preselected current consumption W 1 , this value I 1 has been registered in a PLC. The control of the performance of the electronic control gear then proceeded automatically with the aid of PLC, so that the value of the tracked beam intensity I 1 remains constant. The time T 1 was recorded simultaneously, which corresponds to the life of the lamp or the time during which it was still possible to obtain the constant intensity I 1 by increasing the electrical power. The process of electrical power was registered continuously.
- the operations of the powers of the electronic control gear, beam intensities I j and times T j were registered with new lamps of the same type but with different initial values W j .
- the values W j were chosen at close enough intervals to accommodate the tendency for the changes in T j and I j .
- Based on the measured values of T j and I j it was possible to determine the optimum initial power W T and the associated time dependence of the power resulting in the maximum lifetime T T of the light source.
- the optimum initial power W V and the associated time dependence of the power can be determined to achieve the maximum usability of the light source (where product of I V and T V is maximum).
- the values W T and W V may differ.
- the operating device makes it possible to control the power of the given type of discharge lamp operating equipment directly, namely the experimentally determined process (power W - operating time T), which is optimal in terms of life, recoverability or the respective application of the light source. It is therefore not necessary to scan the intensity of the radiation, to introduce its value into the PLC, to evaluate the current state of the luminaire and only then to control the power of the operating device. This simplifies the optimized operation of the light sources and reduces the effort. This of course means to register a higher number of such operations of the parameters and to generate therefrom an average characteristic for the given type of discharge lamp, possibly for the given type of use.
- a medium-pressure lamp designed for a maximum power of, for example, 1000 W it was not fed to this value from the beginning, but to 600 W, and their power is continuously increased to maintain the constant beam intensity, thereby ensuring the minimum heat load of the electrodes over the entire operating time.
- the service life of medium-pressure lamps has been extended up to 13,000 hours, compared with the guaranteed service life of 8,000 hours.
- a new type of UV light emitting diode (255 nm) was also tested. As long as the diode is powered by a constant current, its life is only 300 hours. An extension can be achieved by feeding it discontinuously. The lifetime then depends on the width of the current pulse or the time interval between the pulses. In both of these known traps occur in the UV light emitting diode for temporal reduction of the radiation intensity. Extension of the lifetime and at the same time stabilization of the beam intensity can be achieved by setting the current consumption lower than the maximum value for the UV light emitting diode in addition to the known measures and increasing it step by step. It was found that for the lifetime an initial power of 40% of the maximum value would be optimal.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Betriebsgerät für Entladungslampen und Lichtemitterdioden, das durch eine Speiseschaltung gebildet ist, die den Netzstrom in die Betriebsparameter übersetzt, deren Werte von einem Steuerkreis eingestellt werden, wobei der Steuerkreis mit einem Speicher versehen ist, in dem Sollwerte der Betriebsparameter der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode gespeichert sind. Die Erfindung weiterhin betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Betriebsgeräts.The invention relates to an operating device for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes, which is formed by a feed circuit, which translates the mains current into the operating parameters whose values are set by a control circuit, the control circuit is provided with a memory in the set values of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or Light emitting diode are stored. The invention further relates to a method for operating such a control gear.
Die Entladungslampen finden eine breite Verwendung auf vielen Gebieten als Licht- und UV-Strahlungsquellen. Sie umfassen Niederdrucklampen und Mitteldruck-UV-Entladungslampen. Die elementare Speisung der Mitteldruck-UV-Lampen besteht darin, dass die Lampe mit einer Drossel seriengeschaltet und mit einem Thermostarter parallelgeschaltet ist. In diesem Fall kann die Leistungsaufnahme der Lampe nicht geregelt werden und eine typische Lampenlebensdauer beträgt nur 1000 bis 2000 Stunden. Eine elektromagnetische Stromquelle, die Leistungsaufnahme sprunghaft zu ändern ermöglicht, verlängert die Lebensdauer bis zu 6000 Stunden kontinuierliches Betriebs. Moderne elektronische Betriebsgeräte speisen die UV-Lampen mit einem Strom von einer höheren Frequenz, wobei kein Transformator nötig ist, der sonst Energieverluste mit sich bringt. Die Winkelverschiebung zwischen dem Strom und der Spannung ist dabei geringfügig. Die Lampenlebensdauer kann dadurch bis 8000 Stunden verlängert werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Speisung mittels eines elektronischen Betriebsgeräts ist, dass ein vielmaliges Ein- und Ausschalten die Lebensdauer der Lampen wesentlich weniger beeinflusst, als das im Fall der elektromagnetischen Stromquellen vorkommt. Außerdem ermöglicht diese Speisung, die Stromaufnahme der Lampe kontinuierlich zu ändern.The discharge lamps find wide use in many fields as light and UV radiation sources. They include low pressure lamps and medium pressure UV discharge lamps. The elementary supply of medium-pressure UV lamps is that the lamp is connected in series with a throttle and connected in parallel with a thermostarter. In this case, the power consumption of the lamp can not be controlled and a typical lamp life is only 1000 to 2000 hours. An electromagnetic power source that allows power to change abruptly prolongs life up to 6000 hours of continuous operation. Modern electronic control gear feed the UV lamps with a current of a higher frequency, with no transformer is required, which otherwise entails energy losses. The angular displacement between the current and the voltage is slight. The lamp life can be extended up to 8000 hours. A further advantage of the supply by means of an electronic control gear is that a multiple on and off the lamp life significantly less affected, as occurs in the case of electromagnetic power sources. In addition, this supply allows to continuously change the current consumption of the lamp.
Die Lichtemitterdiode ist ein den pn-Übergang enthaltendes Halbleiterelement. Wenn der Strom durch den Übergang in der durchlässigen Richtung passiert, der Übergang emittiert ein nichtkohärentes Licht von einem engen Spektrum. Dieser Effekt ist durch die Elektrolumineszenz verursacht. Das geeignete Mittel zur Speisung der Lichtemitterdioden sind gegenwärtig elektronische Betriebsgeräte, die einen konstanten Strom liefern. Quellen der konstanten Spannung wurden vorher benutzt, bei denen der Strom mittels eines vor der Lichtemitterdiode geschalteten Widerstands limitiert wurde. Solche Speisung zeichnete sich mit einer niedrigen Effizienz und die Spannungsänderungen hatten Lichtschwankungen und Änderungen des emittierten Spektrums zur Folge. Die gegenwärtigen elektronischen Quellen bewältigen diese Nachteile dadurch Einhaltung des konstanten Stroms ohne Rücksicht auf die Speisespannung oder auf die Spannung in der durchlässigen Richtung. Die Strahldichte des Halbleiterübergangs sinkt nach 6000 Stunden infolge der höheren Temperatur etwa um 8 %. Bei neuen UV-Quellen auf der Basis von mit einem konstanten Strom gespeisten Lichtemitterdioden, die auf dem UV-Gebiet emittieren, beträgt aber die Lebensdauer bloße 300 Stunden und die Strahlungsintensität sinkt bis um 70 %.The light emitting diode is a semiconductor element containing the pn junction. When the current passes through the junction in the transmissive direction, the junction emits a non-coherent light from a narrow one Spectrum. This effect is caused by the electroluminescence. The appropriate means for feeding the light emitting diodes are currently electronic control gear that provide a constant current. Sources of constant voltage were previously used, in which the current was limited by means of a resistor connected in front of the light-emitting diode. Such feed was characterized by low efficiency and the voltage changes resulted in light variations and changes in the emitted spectrum. Current electronic sources overcome these drawbacks by maintaining the constant current regardless of the supply voltage or the voltage in the transmissive direction. The beam density of the semiconductor junction decreases by about 8% after 6000 hours due to the higher temperature. However, with new UV sources based on constant current powered light emitting diodes that emit in the UV region, the lifetime is as much as 300 hours and the radiation intensity drops by up to 70%.
Es ist offenbar, dass die Lebensdauer der erwähnten Lichtquellen beschränkt ist. Sie ist vom Typ der Lichtquelle und deren Betriebsbedingungen bedingt, wie z.B. Temperatur, Zahl der Ein- und Ausschaltungen, Schwankungen der Netzspannung, der Speisefrequenz, usw. Aus den ökologischen sowie praktischen Gründen ist es erforderlich, dass die Lebensdauer der Lichtquellen so lang wie möglich ist. Die mit dem Austausch einer nicht mehr funktionierenden Lichtquelle verbundenen Kosten können mehrmals ihren Beschaffungspreis überschreiten. An diese Kosten sind die mit dem Austausch verbundenen Administrations- und Reisekosten und Arbeit des Servicetechnikers anzurechnen. Ein großer Aufwand in der Entwicklung wurde darauf gerichtet, die Lebensdauer der Entladungslampen und Lichtemitterdioden zu verlängern und deren Betriebsbedingungen zu optimieren. Die Konstruktion von Steuereinrichtungen bzw. elektronischen Betriebsgeräten für die angeführten Lichtquellen und Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Lichtquellen wurden zum Gegenstand vieler Patentschriften.It is apparent that the life of the mentioned light sources is limited. It is conditioned by the type of light source and its operating conditions, e.g. Temperature, number of turns on and off, variations in mains voltage, supply frequency, etc. For ecological as well as practical reasons, it is necessary that the life of the light sources is as long as possible. The costs associated with replacing an obsolete light source can exceed its purchase price several times. These costs include the administrative and travel costs and work of the service technician associated with the replacement. A great deal of development effort has been made to extend the life of the discharge lamps and light emitting diodes and to optimize their operating conditions. The construction of control devices or electronic control gear for the stated light sources and methods for operating these light sources have become the subject of many patents.
Elektronisches Betriebsgerät nach
Die Einrichtung nach
Die Funktion der in zwei vorigen Dokumenten beschriebenen Steuerungseinrichtungen beruht auf dem Vergleich der Istwerten der festgestellten Parameter der realen Lampe in dem gegebenen Zeitpunkt mit den im Speicher aufbewahrten Parametern der Lampe von demselben Typ, wobei die Einrichtung auf Grund der Auswertung des Unterschieds entweder den Speisestrom in die Lampe regelt, oder die restliche Lebenszeit anzeigt.The function of the control devices described in two previous documents relies on comparing the actual values of the detected parameters of the real lamp at the given time with the parameters of the lamp of the same type stored in memory, the device detecting either the supply current in accordance with the evaluation of the difference the lamp regulates or indicates the remaining lifetime.
In der
Der Erfindung liegt zur Aufgabe, ein Betriebsgerät für Entladungslampen und Lichtemitterdioden zu entwerfen, die die ganze Lebensdauer der Leuchte lang Speiseparameter inkl. Parameter für die Übergangsregime, wie Start oder Verdunkelung so einstellt, dass das Lebensdauerpotenzial der Leuchte maximal ausgenutzt wird.The invention has for its object to design a control gear for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes, the long life of the lamp feed parameters including parameters for the transitional regime, such as start or darkening sets so that the life potential of the lamp is used to the maximum.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Betriebsgerät für Entladungslampen und Lichtemitterdioden gelöst, das durch eine Speiseschaltung gebildet ist, die den Netzstrom in die Betriebsparameter übersetzt, deren Werte von einem Steuerkreis eingestellt werden, wobei der Steuerkreis mit einem Speicher ausgestattet ist, in demThe object is achieved by an operating device for discharge lamps and light emitting diodes, which is formed by a feed circuit which translates the mains current into the operating parameters whose values are set by a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is equipped with a memory in which
Sollwerte der Betriebsparameter der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode gespeichert sind. Im Speicher ist erwünschter Ablauf vom Sollwert zumindest eines der Betriebsparameter der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode während der ganzen Lebensdauer der Leuchte gespeichert, wobei ein Bestandteil der Betriebsgerät eine Uhr ist, die Information über den Zeitpunkt sendet, in dem sich die Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode im Laufe ihrer Lebensdauer befindet. Die Lösung geht aus der Voraussetzung aus, dass es gegenwärtig bei der Produktion der Entladungslampen und Lichtemitterdioden solche Konformität erreicht wird, dass die Parameter der erzeugten Produkte von einem Typ nur geringfügige Toleranzen aufweisen, sowohl am Anfang der Lebensdauer, als auch im deren ganzen Ablauf.Setpoints of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode are stored. In the memory is desired sequence of setpoint stored at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode during the entire life of the lamp, wherein a component of the operating device is a clock that transmits information about the time in which the discharge lamp or light emitting diode in the course of its life located. The solution is based on the assumption that in the production of discharge lamps and light emitting diodes, such conformity is currently achieved that the parameters of the products produced by one type have only slight tolerances, both at the beginning of the service life and throughout its entire operation.
Das Betriebsgerät kann durch einen selbstständigen Block gebildet sein, mit einer Austrittschnittstelle zum Anschalten einer Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode.The operating device may be formed by a self-contained block, with an exit interface for switching on a discharge lamp or light emitting diode.
Im Speicher können mit Vorteil erwünschte Verläufe der Sollwerte der Betriebsparameter verschiedener Type von Entladungslampen oder Lichtemitterdioden gespeichert werden, was die Einrichtung universal macht. Die Einrichtung soll zu diesem Zweck mit einem Wähler für den jeweiligen Typ der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode versehen sein.Advantageously, desired characteristics of the nominal values of the operating parameters of different types of discharge lamps or light emitting diodes can be stored in the memory, which makes the device universal. The device should be provided for this purpose with a selector for the respective type of discharge lamp or light emitting diode.
In einer anderen Ausführung kann das Betriebsgerät einen integralen Bestandteil der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode bilden.In another embodiment, the operating device may form an integral part of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode.
In einer weiteren Ausführung sind das Betriebsgerät, der Steuerkreis und der Speicher dazu befähigt, einen Inhalt eines Begleitspeichers der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode zu übernehmen, welcher Begleitspeicher den erwünschten Ablauf von Sollwert zumindest eines der Betriebsparameter der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode während der ganzen Lebensdauer der Leuchte enthält.In a further embodiment, the operating device, the control circuit and the memory are capable of taking over a content of an accompanying memory of the discharge lamp or Lichtemitterdiode, which escort the desired sequence of setpoint contains at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode during the entire life of the lamp.
Im Speicher eines für Entladungslampen bestimmten Betriebsgeräts ist der erwünschte Ablauf von mindestens einem der folgenden Parameter der Entladungslampe gespeichert: Heizzeit, Heizfrequenz oder Heizstrom, Zündfrequenz, Ablauf der Frequenz (frequency shifting) zwischen Heizfrequenz und Zündfrequenz, Betriebsstromaufnahme und -frequenz, Dimmfrequenz.The desired sequence of at least one of the following parameters of the discharge lamp is stored in the memory of a control gear intended for discharge lamps: heating time, heating frequency or heating current, ignition frequency, frequency shifting between heating frequency and ignition frequency, operating current consumption and frequency, dimming frequency.
Im Speicher eines für Lichtemitterdioden bestimmten Betriebsgeräts ist der erwünschte Ablauf von mindestens einem der folgenden Parameter der Lichtemitterdiode gespeichert: durchgehender Strom, Spannung an der Diode.In the memory of an operating device intended for light emitting diodes, the desired sequence of at least one of the following parameters is Light emitter diode stored: continuous current, voltage at the diode.
Das Betriebsgerät wird so betrieben, dass in seinem Speicher der erwünschte Ablauf von mindestens einem der Betriebsparameter der Entladungslampe bzw. Lichtemitterdiode gespeichert wird, der durch einen experimentalen Betrieb von Leuchten desselben Typs eingeholt wurde, worauf der Steuerkreis zu jedem Zeitpunkt im Laufe des Betriebs der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode im Speicher einen dem von der Uhr angegebenen Zeitpunkt entsprechenden Wert des jeweiligen Parameters abliest und diesen Wert am Austritt des Betriebsgeräts einstellt.The operating device is operated to store in its memory the desired sequence of at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light-emitting diode obtained by an experimental operation of luminaires of the same type, whereupon the control circuit at any time in the course of the operation of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode in the memory reads a value of the respective parameter corresponding to the time specified by the clock and adjusts this value at the outlet of the operating device.
Mit Vorteil werden im Speicher erwünschte Abläufe der Betriebsparameter verschiedener Typen der Entladungslampen bzw. Lichtemitterdioden gespeichert.Advantageously, desired processes of the operating parameters of different types of discharge lamps or light emitting diodes are stored in the memory.
Bei einem Austausch der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode werden die Uhr nullgestellt.When replacing the discharge lamp or light emitting diode, the clock will be reset.
Bei Abstellen und Wiedereinschalten der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode wird ein vorbestimmter Zeitabschnitt an die Betriebszeit in der Uhr angerechnet, der der Abnutzung der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode durch das Wiedereinschalten entspricht.When stopping and restarting the discharge lamp or light emitting diode, a predetermined period of time is added to the operating time in the clock, which corresponds to the wear of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode by switching on again.
Ist die Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode mit einem Begleitspeicher versehen, in dem erwünschter Ablauf von Sollwert zumindest eines der Betriebsparameter der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode während der ganzen Lebensdauer der Leuchte gespeichert ist, so nach Anschalten der Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode an den Austritt des Betriebsgeräts wird der Inhalt des Begleitspeichers in den Speicher des Betriebsgeräts überführt.If the discharge lamp or light emitting diode is provided with an accompanying memory in which the desired sequence of setpoint values of at least one of the operating parameters of the discharge lamp or light emitting diode is stored during the entire service life of the lamp, the content of the accompanying memory is then switched on after the discharge lamp or light emitting diode has been switched on transferred to the memory of the operating device.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von dreier Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt
- Fig. 1
- eine Blockschaltung des Betriebsgeräts mit einer Entladungslampe, wo das Betriebsgerät einen selbständigen Block bildet, mit einem Interface für Anschalten einer Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode,
- Fig. 2
- eine Ausführung, wo das Betriebsgerät ein integraler Bestandteil einer Entladungslampe oder Lichtemitterdiode ist, und
- Fig. 3
- eine Ausführung mit einer angeschalteten Entladungslampe, die mit einem Begleitspeicher versehen ist.
- Fig. 1
- a block circuit of the operating device with a discharge lamp, where the operating device forms a self-contained block, with an interface for switching on a discharge lamp or light emitting diode,
- Fig. 2
- an embodiment where the operating device is an integral part of a discharge lamp or light emitting diode, and
- Fig. 3
- an embodiment with a switched-on discharge lamp, which is provided with a companion memory.
Das Betriebsgerät 1 nach
In der Ausführung nach
In der Ausführung nach
Das Betriebsgerät 1 wird so betrieben, dass in seinem Speicher 6 die erwünschte Abläufe von Betriebsparameter der Entladungslampe 2 bzw.. Lichtemitterdiode gespeichert werden, die durch einen experimentalen Betrieb von Leuchten desselben Typs eingeholt wurden, worauf der Steuerkreis 5 zu jedem Zeitpunkt im Laufe des Betriebs der Entladungslampe 2 oder Lichtemitterdiode im Speicher 6 einen dem von der Uhr 7 angegebenen Zeitpunkt entsprechenden Wert des jeweiligen Parameters abliest und diesen Wert am Austrittschnittstelle 4 des Betriebsgeräts 1 einstellt. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführung werden im Speicher 6 erwünschte Verläufe der Sollwerte von Betriebsparametern verschiedener Type von Entladungslampen oder Lichtemitterdioden gespeichert. Bei einem Austausch der Entladungslampe 2 oder Lichtemitterdiode wird die Uhr 7 nullgestellt und das Verfahren läuft vor sich vom Anfang an. Beim Abstellen und Wiedereinschalten der Entladungslampe 2 oder Lichtemitterdiode wird ein vorbestimmter Zeitabschnitt an die aktuelle Betriebszeit in der Uhr 7 angerechnet, der der Abnutzung der Entladungslampe 2 oder Lichtemitterdiode durch das Wiedereinschalten entspricht. Dadurch wird die Tatsache berücksichtigt, dass das oftmalige Abstellen und Wiedereinschalten die Lebensdauer der Leuchte beeinträchtigt. In der Ausfertigung nach
Der wichtigste Parameter einer Entladungslampe ist deren Stromaufnahme, die am meisten deren Lebensdauer beeinflusst. Im Falle, dass beim Testen zu Tage kommt, dass die längste Lebensdauer für den gegebenen Typ der Entladungslampe dann erzielt wird, wenn zu Anfang der Lebensdauer die Stromaufnahme nur 70 % der maximalen Stromaufnahme macht, so wird im Speicher der Ablauf (eine Kurve) gespeichert, der mit 70 % anfängt.The most important parameter of a discharge lamp is its current consumption, which affects most of its life. In the event that testing reveals that the longest life for the given type of discharge lamp is achieved, if at the beginning of the life, the power consumption makes only 70% of the maximum power consumption, so in the memory of the process (a curve) is stored starting with 70%.
Im Rahmen der Experimente, die zur vorgeschlagenen Lösung führen, wurde eine Mitteldrucklampe mit einer nominalen Stromaufnahme von 1000 W von einem gängigen elektronischen Betriebsgerät gespeist. Nachdem die Lampe zum ersten Mal eingeschaltet und die maximale Strahlenintensität I1 bei der vorgewählten Stromaufnahme W1 erzielt worden ist, wurde dieser Wert I1 in einem PLC registriert. Das Steuern der Leistung des elektronischen Betriebsgeräts verlief dann automatisch mit Hilfe von PLC, damit der Wert der verfolgten Strahlintensität I1 konstant bleibt. Die Zeit T1 wurde gleichzeitig registriert, die der Lebensdauer der Lampe entspricht bzw. der Zeit während der es noch möglich war, die beständige Intensität I1 durch Erhöhung der elektrischen Leistung zu erhalten. Der Ablauf der elektrischen Leistung wurde kontinuierlich registriert. Auf dieselbe Weise wurden auch die Abläufe der Leistungen des elektronischen Betriebsgeräts, Strahlintensitäten Ij und Zeiten Tj bei neuen Lampen desselben Typs registriert, jedoch bei verschiedenen Anfangswerten Wj. Die Werte Wj wurden in genügend knappen Abständen gewählt, um die Tendenz bei den Änderungen von Tj und Ij aufzufangen. Auf Grund der abgemessenen Werte von Tj und Ij konnten die optimale Anfangsleistung WT und die damit verbundene Zeitabhängigkeit der Leistung bestimmt werden, die zur maximalen Lebensdauer TT der Lichtquelle führt. Auf dieselbe Weise kann die optimale Anfangsleistung WV und die damit verbundene Zeitabhängigkeit der Leistung bestimmt werden, um die maximale Verwertbarkeit der Lichtquelle zu erzielen (wo Produkt aus IV und TV maximal ist). Die Werte WT und WV können sich unterscheiden. Nach der Art der Verwendung (Desinfektion, Stroboskopie usw.) kann es vorteilhaft sein, manchmal eine Leistungskurve zu wählen, die zur maximalen Lebensdauer und manchmal auch eine andere, die zur maximalen Verwertbarkeit der Lichtquelle führt. Mit Rücksicht auf die Verwendung ist es nötig einen anderen Wert als IV oder IT zu wählen.As part of the experiments leading to the proposed solution, a medium-pressure lamp with a nominal current consumption of 1000 W was fed by a common electronic control gear. After the lamp has been switched on for the first time and the maximum radiation intensity I 1 has been reached at the preselected current consumption W 1 , this value I 1 has been registered in a PLC. The control of the performance of the electronic control gear then proceeded automatically with the aid of PLC, so that the value of the tracked beam intensity I 1 remains constant. The time T 1 was recorded simultaneously, which corresponds to the life of the lamp or the time during which it was still possible to obtain the constant intensity I 1 by increasing the electrical power. The process of electrical power was registered continuously. In the same way, the operations of the powers of the electronic control gear, beam intensities I j and times T j were registered with new lamps of the same type but with different initial values W j . The values W j were chosen at close enough intervals to accommodate the tendency for the changes in T j and I j . Based on the measured values of T j and I j, it was possible to determine the optimum initial power W T and the associated time dependence of the power resulting in the maximum lifetime T T of the light source. In the same way, the optimum initial power W V and the associated time dependence of the power can be determined to achieve the maximum usability of the light source (where product of I V and T V is maximum). The values W T and W V may differ. Depending on the type of use (disinfection, stroboscopy, etc.), it may be advantageous sometimes to choose a power curve for maximum life, and sometimes another that will maximize the usability of the light source. In consideration of the use, it is necessary to select a value other than I V or I T.
Das erfindungsgemäße Betriebsgerät ermöglicht, die Leistung der den gegebenen Typ der Entladungslampe speisende Betriebsgeräte direkt zu steuern, und zwar nach dem experimental bestimmten Ablauf (Leistung W - Betriebszeit T), der hinsichtlich der Lebensdauer, Verwertbarkeit oder der jeweiligen Anwendung der Lichtquelle optimal ist. Es ist also nicht nötig, die Intensität der Strahlung abzutasten, deren Wert in das PLC einzuführen, den aktuellen Zustand der Leuchte auszuwerten und erst danach die Leistung des Betriebsgeräts zu steuern. Das vereinfacht den optimierten Betrieb der Lichtquellen zu erreichen und sinkt den Aufwand. Das bedeutet selbstverständlich, eine höhere Zahl solcher Abläufe der Parameter zu registrieren und daraus eine durchschnittliche Charakteristik für den gegebenen Typ der Entladungslampe, eventuell für die gegebene Verwendungsart zu erzeugen. Bei einer Mitteldrucklampe, die für eine maximale Leistung z.B. von 1000 W ausgelegt ist, nicht von Anfang an auf diesen Wert gespeist, sondern auf 600 W, und deren Leistung kontinuierlich gesteigert wird, um die beständige Strahlintensität zu bewahren, wird dadurch die minimale Wärmebelastung der Elektroden im Laufe der ganzen Betriebszeit gewährleistet. So wurde z.B. die Lebensdauer der Mitteldrucklampen bis zu 13000 Stunden verlängert, im Vergleich mit der garantierten Lebensdauer von 8000 Stunden.The operating device according to the invention makes it possible to control the power of the given type of discharge lamp operating equipment directly, namely the experimentally determined process (power W - operating time T), which is optimal in terms of life, recoverability or the respective application of the light source. It is therefore not necessary to scan the intensity of the radiation, to introduce its value into the PLC, to evaluate the current state of the luminaire and only then to control the power of the operating device. This simplifies the optimized operation of the light sources and reduces the effort. This of course means to register a higher number of such operations of the parameters and to generate therefrom an average characteristic for the given type of discharge lamp, possibly for the given type of use. In the case of a medium-pressure lamp designed for a maximum power of, for example, 1000 W, it was not fed to this value from the beginning, but to 600 W, and their power is continuously increased to maintain the constant beam intensity, thereby ensuring the minimum heat load of the electrodes over the entire operating time. For example, the service life of medium-pressure lamps has been extended up to 13,000 hours, compared with the guaranteed service life of 8,000 hours.
Auf dieselbe Art und Weise wie bei Mitteldruck-UV-Lampen ist es gelungen, Bedingungen für die Verlängerung der Lebensdauer klassischer Niederdrucklampen zu bestimmen. Es handelte sich um eine Niederdruck-UV-Lampe mit der maximalen Stromaufnahme von 80 W, deren Lebensdauer, wenn sie von einem magnetischen Betriebsgerät gespeist ist, sich um 6000 Stunden bewegt. Falls sie von einem gängigen elektrischen Betriebsgerät gespeist ist, beträgt die Lebensdauer etwa 9000 Stunden. Wenn aber die Anfangsstromaufnahme auf 60 W gestellt wurde, verlängerte sich die Lebensdauer bis zu 14 000 Stunden.In the same way as with medium-pressure UV lamps, it has been possible to determine conditions for extending the life of traditional low-pressure lamps. It was a low-pressure UV lamp with the maximum power consumption of 80 W, whose life, when powered by a magnetic drive, moves around 6000 hours. If it is powered by a common electrical equipment, the life is about 9000 hours. However, when the initial current consumption was set to 60 W, the life extended up to 14,000 hours.
Bei den erwähnten Experimenten wurde gleichzeitig festgestellt, dass sich mit dem Ablauf der Betriebszeit auch der optimale Wert der Energie und der Spannung des Zündpulses sowie der Heizstrom und die Heizzeit ändern. Diese Parameter sind bei den gegenwärtigen Betriebsgeräten von der Betriebszeit der Lichtquelle unabhängig. Es ist anzunehmen, dass sich auch der optimale Wert der Speisefrequenz der Lichtquelle im Laufe der Betriebszeit ändern kann.At the same time, during the mentioned experiments, it was found that with the expiration of the operating time also the optimum value of the energy and the voltage of the ignition pulse as well as the heating current and the heating time change. These parameters are independent of the operating time of the light source in the current operating devices. It can be assumed that the optimum value of the supply frequency of the light source can also change during the operating time.
Zur Optimierung der Speisung einer Lichtquelle ist es nötig die abgelaufene Betriebszeit der Lichtquellen in einem Speicher des elektronischen Betriebsgeräts zu speichern und gleichzeitig auch die zeitabhängigen Parameter für die Steuerung der Speisefrequenz, des Heizstroms, des Zündpulses usw. Wenn es sich herausstellt, dass es erwünscht ist, wegen der Regeneration der Lampe ihre Leistung zeitweise sprunghaft zu erheben, auch diese Information kann eingespeichert werden. Die beschriebenen Vorgänge bei Optimierung der Lichtquellensteuerung beschränken sich nicht auf die angeführten Ausführungsbeispiele.To optimize the supply of a light source, it is necessary to store the elapsed time of operation of the light sources in a memory of the electronic control gear and at the same time the time-dependent parameters for the control of the supply frequency, the heating current, the ignition pulse, etc. If it turns out that it is desirable , due to the regeneration of the lamp to raise their power at times leaps and bounds, this information can also be stored. The operations described in optimizing the light source control are not limited to the stated embodiments.
Es wurde auch ein neuer Typ der UV-Lichtemitterdiode (255 nm) getestet. Solange die Diode von einem konstanten Strom gespeist ist, ihre Lebensdauer lediglich 300 Stunden beträgt. Eine Verlängerung kann dadurch erzielt werden, dass sie diskontinuierlich gespeist wird. Die Lebensdauer hängt dann von der Breite des Strompulses oder der Zeitspanne zwischen den Pulsen ab. In beiden diesen bekannten Fallen kommt es bei der UV-Lichtemitterdiode zur zeitlichen Absenkung der Strahlenintensität. Verlängerung der Lebensdauer und gleichzeitig Stabilisierung der Strahlintensität kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass außer den bekannten Maßnahmen die Stromaufnahme am Anfang niedriger als der maximale Wert für die UV-Lichtemitterdiode eingestellt ist und stufenweise gesteigert wird. Es wurde festgestellt, dass für die Lebensdauer eine Anfangsleistung von 40 % des maximalen Werts optimal wäre.A new type of UV light emitting diode (255 nm) was also tested. As long as the diode is powered by a constant current, its life is only 300 hours. An extension can be achieved by feeding it discontinuously. The lifetime then depends on the width of the current pulse or the time interval between the pulses. In both of these known traps occur in the UV light emitting diode for temporal reduction of the radiation intensity. Extension of the lifetime and at the same time stabilization of the beam intensity can be achieved by setting the current consumption lower than the maximum value for the UV light emitting diode in addition to the known measures and increasing it step by step. It was found that for the lifetime an initial power of 40% of the maximum value would be optimal.
Claims (12)
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CZ2011186A CZ309144B6 (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Control device for discharge lamps and LEDs and method of operating it |
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CZ309144B6 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
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