EP2612739A1 - Method and use of lignin for manufacturing of moulded objects - Google Patents

Method and use of lignin for manufacturing of moulded objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2612739A1
EP2612739A1 EP13001490.5A EP13001490A EP2612739A1 EP 2612739 A1 EP2612739 A1 EP 2612739A1 EP 13001490 A EP13001490 A EP 13001490A EP 2612739 A1 EP2612739 A1 EP 2612739A1
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Prior art keywords
lignin
fibers
mixture
production
derivatives
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EP13001490.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2612739B1 (en
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Hans-Peter Braun
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Braun Peter Marco
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Braun Peter Marco
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to claim 1 for the production of moldings containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers.
  • plastics are based on fossil, non-renewable sources of raw materials, such as oil and natural gas. Since the 80s of the last century, there has been a steep increase in the consumption of these plastics by the industrialized countries, since the plastics can be molded and processed very well and the molded parts produced from these plastics have a high durability. In addition to the limitations of fossil resources, there is the problem of disposing of the large amounts of waste resulting from the high consumption of plastics. The desirable durability of the plastics makes most plastics difficult, if not inaccessible, for degradation reactions in the water or in the ground. As a result, costly and possibly expensive measures for recycling or incineration are required. In addition, there is a threat of depletion of landfill space.
  • Lignin is a three-dimensional cross-linked phenolic macromolecule composed of different monomers. It serves as an additional strengthening and support element in the predominantly cellulosic cell walls of lignified plants such as grasses, perennials, shrubs and trees.
  • the lignin obtained from the wood of plants is suitable as a basis for the production of a natural material.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a process for the production of moldings, in which the fossil and natural resources are spared.
  • the invention has as its further object to provide a cost-effective method by which durable, weather-resistant and yet biodegradable molded parts can be produced in a wide variety.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 for the production of moldings containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers.
  • the Lignin and / or the lignin derivatives are derived from lignin-containing wastes from the production and extraction of industrial products from vegetable raw materials.
  • waste material In the industrial production of paper, bioethanol, chemicals and pharmaceuticals from plant biomass, a huge amount of waste material is produced, including an immense amount of lignin and / or lignin derivatives-containing waste.
  • This waste can serve as a source of lignin and / or lignin derivatives, which are separated from the remaining waste in step a).
  • the separation of the other waste materials can be done more or less complete.
  • the separated lignin and / or the lignin derivatives may have a proportion of residual moisture.
  • the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives from step a) are mixed with fibers.
  • lignin and / or lignin derivatives are obtained from different lignin-containing wastes and mixed with the fibers.
  • the blended fibers serve to increase the strength of the molding.
  • the mixture is melted in a plasticizing zone and continuously extruded through an extrusion screw through a die and formed into a plate.
  • the plate shape can be produced by rolling.
  • the plate from step c) is then deep-drawn on plastic thermoforming machines to form a molding.
  • the molded parts thus produced are also suitable for subsequent further processing by conventional milling.
  • lignin and / or lignin derivatives from lignocellulosic waste resulting from the production and extraction of industrial products such as pulp or bioethanol, chemicals and pharmaceuticals from lignocellulosic biomass conserves both fossil and natural resources.
  • lignin and / or lignin derivatives from the lignin-containing wastes due to savings in the field of raw material procurement cost-effective, weather-resistant, yet biodegradable molded parts can be produced.
  • the mixture from step b) is brought into granular form before further processing in step c).
  • This can be done in such a way that the mixture is first melted in an extruder.
  • the melt is formed into strands via nozzles and cooled in the water.
  • a rotating knife cuts the strands into a few millimeters long sections. Granulation is also possible by cold pressing.
  • the lignin-containing waste from the sulfite, the sulfate or the Organosolv process for pulp production Paper is made from pulp consisting essentially of cellulose. To obtain pulp from tree wood, this is first debarked and then crushed. For high-quality papers, the cellulose contained in the so-called wood pulp is digested by chemical processes and accompanying substances such as lignin, hemicellulose and resins are separated. The sulphate and sulphite processes are used industrially. In the sulphate process, the groundwood is heated in pressure vessels with essentially sodium hydroxide solution, sodium sulphide and sodium sulphate. Following cooking, the cooking liquor, the black liquor, is separated from the pulp.
  • Lignin and / or lignin derivatives as well as chemicals remain behind with the black liquor.
  • the chips are also cooked under pressure with calcium hydrogen sulfite, magnesium hydrogen sulfite or ammonium bisulfite.
  • the sulfite liquor which contains lignin and / or lignin derivatives in addition to other waste materials such as the chemicals used and sugar is obtained.
  • the lignin-containing residues obtained in the digestion liquid by the Organosolv process can likewise be used for the process according to the invention, such as wastes from the soda process or the nitric acid digestion.
  • the lignin derivatives are ligninsulfonic acids or alkali lignin from the boiling liquids of the sulfite or sulfate process.
  • lignin and / or lignin derivatives obtained in further processes, such as those derived from the Organosolv process are likewise suitable.
  • the separation of the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives from the lignin ambiencen wastes by chemical and / or by physical separation means.
  • lignin and / or lignin derivatives can be obtained from the waste by ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane modules.
  • a precipitation of the lignin derivatives by pH shift or the addition of complexing precipitants is possible.
  • the simple precipitation reactions compared to the filtration methods, in which the membrane must be changed relatively frequently are preferable.
  • These separation methods may also follow a previous chemical digestion of lignocellulosic waste, for example waste from the production of bioethanol.
  • the still remaining vinification after the fermentation process contains the lignin still in association with cellulose.
  • further separation and treatment steps of the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives can be integrated into the separation process at any time.
  • the fibers are natural fibers from the group of seed fibers, bast fibers, fruit fibers, wood fibers or leaf fibers of plants.
  • the fibers from the cotton, from the alpaca plant, the bamboo, the nettle, the hemp, the coconut plant or the bulrush can be used. But also poplar fluff, jute, linen, ramie or sisal are suitable.
  • natural fibers can be used, which are used in the cultivation of Plants incurred as agro waste.
  • the fibers are also synthetic fibers made from natural polymers. In this case, chemical fibers made of polymers based on cellulose are used. These chemical fibers are used either instead of or in conjunction with the natural fibers.
  • further excipients are added to the mixture from step b).
  • adjuvants having thermoplastic properties can then be blended into the blend if a thermoplasticity in excess of the natural thermoplastic properties of the lignin and / or lignin derivatives is desired in the steps listed under c) and d).
  • adjuvants having thermoplastic properties may optionally be added to the mixture.
  • the excipients are natural polymers, based on natural substances polymers, water, pigments, dyes, fillers and / or mixtures of these.
  • Natural polymers and natural-based polymers with thermoplastic properties can be used to increase the thermoplastic properties for further processing of the blend.
  • pigments and dyes an individual coloring of the molded parts is possible.
  • the addition of water can positively influence the processability of the mixture.
  • Fillers may be included for additional cost reduction in the mixture used in the process.
  • the plate from step c) has a thickness of 2 mm to 15 mm, preferably from 2 mm to 10 mm. This allows the production of moldings with different wall thickness. This results in a further variety of different Design options with regard to the molded parts, which can be produced by the method according to the invention.
  • a mixture containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers for the production of moldings is used by deep drawing.
  • a mixture containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers for the production of signs by deep drawing is used. These can be used, for example, for signposting field and forest trails.

Abstract

The method involves separating lignin and/or lignin derivative from a lignin waste product. A mixture of the lignin and/or lignin derivative is prepared under a mixture of fabric, where the mixtures are extruded at a plate that is deep-drawn at a molded part. The mixture of the lignin and/or lignin derivative is introduced in a granulated form part, where thickness of the plate is provided is of 2-10mm. Lignin sulfonic acid, alkali-lignin or organic lignin are reacted on the lignin derivative.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Herstellung von Formteilen, die Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate sowie Fasern enthalten.The invention relates to a method according to claim 1 for the production of moldings containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers.

Zur Herstellung von Formteilen insbesondere für den Außenbereich, den Bausektor, die Fahrzeugindustrie, die Möbel- und Einrichtungsfertigung sowie in der Elektro- und elektrotechnischen Industrie kommen überwiegend Kunststoffe zum Einsatz, die auf fossilen, nicht erneuerbaren Rohstoffquellen, wie Erdöl und Erdgas basieren. Schon seit den 80er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts ist ein steiler Anstieg im Verbrauch dieser Kunststoffe durch die Industriestaaten zu verzeichnen, da sich die Kunststoffe sehr gut formen und verarbeiten lassen und die aus diesen Kunststoffen hergestellten Formteile eine hohe Haltbarkeit aufweisen. Neben der Begrenztheit der fossilen Ressourcen stellt sich das Problem der Entsorgung der großen Abfallmengen, die bei dem hohen Kunststoffverbrauch anfallen. Die erwünschte Haltbarkeit der Kunststoffe macht die meisten Kunststoffe schwer bis überhaupt nicht zugänglich für Abbaureaktionen im Wasser oder im Boden. Hierdurch werden aufwendige und unter Umständen kostspielige Maßnahmen für das Recycling oder die Verbrennung erforderlich. Darüber hinaus droht eine Erschöpfung von Deponieraum.For the production of molded parts, in particular for the exterior, the construction sector, the vehicle industry, furniture and furnishing production as well as in the electrical and electrical engineering industry are mainly plastics, which are based on fossil, non-renewable sources of raw materials, such as oil and natural gas. Since the 80s of the last century, there has been a steep increase in the consumption of these plastics by the industrialized countries, since the plastics can be molded and processed very well and the molded parts produced from these plastics have a high durability. In addition to the limitations of fossil resources, there is the problem of disposing of the large amounts of waste resulting from the high consumption of plastics. The desirable durability of the plastics makes most plastics difficult, if not inaccessible, for degradation reactions in the water or in the ground. As a result, costly and possibly expensive measures for recycling or incineration are required. In addition, there is a threat of depletion of landfill space.

Aus diesem Grund werden zwar zwischenzeitlich mehr und mehr alternative Materialien aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen entwickelt. Zu diesen Materialien gehören auch solche auf der Basis von Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivaten. Bei Lignin handelt es sich um ein dreidimensional vernetztes phenolisches Makromolekül, das sich aus verschiedenen Monomeren zusammensetzt. Es dient in den vornehmlich aus Zellulose bestehenden Zellwänden von verholzten Pflanzen wie Gräsern, Stauden, Sträuchern und Bäumen als zusätzliches Festigungs- und Stützelement. Das aus dem Holz von Pflanzen gewonnene Lignin eignet sich als Basis zur Herstellung eines natürlichen Werkstoffes. Jedoch führt eine Nutzung der Lignins und/ oder der Ligninderivate in einem für die Industrie erheblichem Maßstab zu einem starken Anstieg von Anbauflächen für diesen nachwachsenden Rohstoff mit den damit verbundenen Nachteilen wie großflächiger Anbau in Monokulturen, der großflächige Einsatz von Pestiziden und Rückgang der vielseitigen Landwirtschaft.For this reason, although in the meantime, more and more alternative materials are being developed from renewable raw materials. These materials also include those based on lignin and / or lignin derivatives. Lignin is a three-dimensional cross-linked phenolic macromolecule composed of different monomers. It serves as an additional strengthening and support element in the predominantly cellulosic cell walls of lignified plants such as grasses, perennials, shrubs and trees. The lignin obtained from the wood of plants is suitable as a basis for the production of a natural material. However, use of lignin and / or lignin derivatives at a significant scale for the industry results in a large increase in acreage for this renewable resource, with its attendant disadvantages such as large-scale monoculture cultivation, large-scale pesticide use, and decline in versatile agriculture.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen bereit zu stellen, bei dem die fossilen und natürlichen Ressourcen geschont werden. Zudem liegt der Erfindung als weitere Aufgabe zugrunde, ein kostengünstiges Verfahren bereitzustellen, mit dem haltbare, witterungsbeständige und dennoch biologisch abbaubare Formteile in einer großen Vielfalt hergestellt werden können.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a process for the production of moldings, in which the fossil and natural resources are spared. In addition, the invention has as its further object to provide a cost-effective method by which durable, weather-resistant and yet biodegradable molded parts can be produced in a wide variety.

Die Erfindung und ihre VorteileThe invention and its advantages

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Herstellung von Formteilen, die Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate und Fasern enthalten. Das Lignin und/ oder die Ligninderivate stammen aus ligninhaltigen Abfällen der Herstellung und Gewinnung von industriellen Produkten aus pflanzlichen Rohstoffen.The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 for the production of moldings containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers. The Lignin and / or the lignin derivatives are derived from lignin-containing wastes from the production and extraction of industrial products from vegetable raw materials.

Bei der industriellen Herstellung von Papier, Bioethanol, Chemikalien und Pharmazeutika aus pflanzlicher Biomasse fällt eine gewaltige Menge an Abfallstoffen an, darunter auch eine immense Menge an lignin- und/ oder ligninderivate-haltiger Abfälle. Diese Abfälle können als Quelle für Lignin- und/oder Ligninderivate dienen, die in Schritt a) von den übrigen Abfällen abgetrennt werden. Die Abtrennung von den übrigen Abfallstoffen kann hierbei mehr oder weniger vollständig erfolgen. Auch kann das abgetrennte Lignin und/ oder die Ligninderivate einen Anteil an Restfeuchte aufweisen. Im nächsten Schritt wird das Lignin und/ oder die Ligninderivate aus Schritt a) mit Fasern vermischt. Hierbei ist auch denkbar, dass Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate aus unterschiedlichen ligninhaltigen Abfällen gewonnen und mit den Fasern gemischt werden. Die zugemischten Fasern dienen der Erhöhung der Festigkeit des Formteils. Bei der Extrusion in Schritt c) wird das Gemisch in einer Plastifizierzone geschmolzen und mittels Extruderschnecke kontinuierlich durch eine Formdüse gepresst und zu einer Platte geformt. Die Plattenform kann hierbei durch Walzen erzeugt werden. Die Platte aus Schritt c) wird anschließend auf Kunststofftiefziehmaschinen zu einem Formteil tiefgezogen. Hierbei sind alle durch das Tiefziehen zugänglichen Formgebungen möglich. Die so erzeugten Formteile eignen sich auch zu einer anschließenden Weiterbearbeitung durch herkömmliche Fräsen. Die Verwendung von Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivaten aus ligninhaltigen Abfällen, die bei der Herstellung und Gewinnung von industriellen Produkten wie Zellstoff oder Bioethanol, von Chemikalien und Pharmazeutika aus ligninhaltiger Biomasse anfallen, schont sowohl die fossilen als auch die natürlichen Ressourcen. Zudem lassen sich auf Basis von Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivaten aus den ligninhaltigen Abfällen aufgrund von Einsparungen im Bereich der Rohstoffbeschaffung kostengünstig haltbare, witterungsbeständige und dennoch biologisch abbaubare Formteile herstellen.In the industrial production of paper, bioethanol, chemicals and pharmaceuticals from plant biomass, a huge amount of waste material is produced, including an immense amount of lignin and / or lignin derivatives-containing waste. This waste can serve as a source of lignin and / or lignin derivatives, which are separated from the remaining waste in step a). The separation of the other waste materials can be done more or less complete. Also, the separated lignin and / or the lignin derivatives may have a proportion of residual moisture. In the next step, the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives from step a) are mixed with fibers. It is also conceivable that lignin and / or lignin derivatives are obtained from different lignin-containing wastes and mixed with the fibers. The blended fibers serve to increase the strength of the molding. In the extrusion in step c), the mixture is melted in a plasticizing zone and continuously extruded through an extrusion screw through a die and formed into a plate. The plate shape can be produced by rolling. The plate from step c) is then deep-drawn on plastic thermoforming machines to form a molding. Here are all accessible by thermoforming shapes possible. The molded parts thus produced are also suitable for subsequent further processing by conventional milling. The use of lignin and / or lignin derivatives from lignocellulosic waste resulting from the production and extraction of industrial products such as pulp or bioethanol, chemicals and pharmaceuticals from lignocellulosic biomass conserves both fossil and natural resources. In addition, on the basis of lignin and / or lignin derivatives from the lignin-containing wastes due to savings in the field of raw material procurement cost-effective, weather-resistant, yet biodegradable molded parts can be produced.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Gemisch aus Schritt b) vor der Weiterverarbeitung in Schritt c) in Granulatform gebracht. Dies kann derart erfolgen, dass das Gemisch in einem Extruder zunächst aufgeschmolzen wird. Die Schmelze wird über Düsen zu Strängen geformt und im Wasser abgekühlt. Anschließend schneidet ein rotierendes Messer die Stränge in wenige Millimeter lange Abschnitte. Eine Granulierung ist auch durch Kaltpressverfahren möglich.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mixture from step b) is brought into granular form before further processing in step c). This can be done in such a way that the mixture is first melted in an extruder. The melt is formed into strands via nozzles and cooled in the water. Then a rotating knife cuts the strands into a few millimeters long sections. Granulation is also possible by cold pressing.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung stammen die ligninhaltigen Abfälle aus dem Sulfit-, dem Sulfat- oder dem Organosolv-Verfahren zur Zellstoffgewinnung. Papier wird aus Zellstoff hergestellt, der im wesentlichen aus Zellulose besteht. Zur Gewinnung von Zellstoff aus Baumholz, wird dieses zunächst entrindet und anschließend zerkleinert. Für hochwertige Papiere wird die im sogenannten Holzschliff enthaltene Zellulose durch chemische Verfahren aufgeschlossen und Begleitsubstanzen wie Lignin, Hemizellulose und Harze abgetrennt. Es werden großtechnisch das Sulfat- und das Sulfitverfahren eingesetzt. Beim Sulfatverfahren wird der Holzschliff in Druckkesseln mit im wesentlichen Natronlauge, Natriumsulfid und Natriumsulfat erhitzt. Im Anschluss an die Kochung wird die Kochflüssigkeit, die Schwarzlauge, vom Zellstoff getrennt. Mit der Schwarzlauge bleiben unter anderem Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate sowie Chemikalien zurück. Bei dem Sulfitverfahren werden die Hackschnitzel ebenfalls unter Druck mit Calciumhydrogensulfit, Magnesiumhydrogensulfit oder Ammoniumhydrogensulfit gekocht. Man erhält nach Abtrennung des Zellstoffs die Sulfitablauge, die Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate neben weiteren Abfallstoffen wie die eingesetzten Chemikalien und Zucker enthält. Die in der Aufschlussflüssigkeit nach dem Organosolv-Verfahren anfallenden ligninhaltigen Rückstände können ebenso für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verwendet werden, wie Abfälle aus dem Natronverfahren oder dem Salpetersäureaufschluss.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lignin-containing waste from the sulfite, the sulfate or the Organosolv process for pulp production. Paper is made from pulp consisting essentially of cellulose. To obtain pulp from tree wood, this is first debarked and then crushed. For high-quality papers, the cellulose contained in the so-called wood pulp is digested by chemical processes and accompanying substances such as lignin, hemicellulose and resins are separated. The sulphate and sulphite processes are used industrially. In the sulphate process, the groundwood is heated in pressure vessels with essentially sodium hydroxide solution, sodium sulphide and sodium sulphate. Following cooking, the cooking liquor, the black liquor, is separated from the pulp. Lignin and / or lignin derivatives as well as chemicals remain behind with the black liquor. In the sulfite process, the chips are also cooked under pressure with calcium hydrogen sulfite, magnesium hydrogen sulfite or ammonium bisulfite. After removal of the pulp, the sulfite liquor which contains lignin and / or lignin derivatives in addition to other waste materials such as the chemicals used and sugar is obtained. The lignin-containing residues obtained in the digestion liquid by the Organosolv process can likewise be used for the process according to the invention, such as wastes from the soda process or the nitric acid digestion.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung handelt es sich bei den Ligninderivaten um Ligninsulfonsäuren oder Alkali-Lignin aus den Kochflüssigkeiten des Sulfit- oder Sulfatverfahrens. Jedoch eignet sich ebenfalls bei weiteren Verfahren anfallendes Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate, wie das aus dem Organosolv-Verfahren stammende.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lignin derivatives are ligninsulfonic acids or alkali lignin from the boiling liquids of the sulfite or sulfate process. However, lignin and / or lignin derivatives obtained in further processes, such as those derived from the Organosolv process, are likewise suitable.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt das Abtrennen des Lignins und/ oder der Ligninderivate aus den ligninhaltigen Abfällen durch chemische und/ oder durch physikalische Separationsmittel. Hierbei können Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate durch Ultra- oder Nanofiltrations-Membranmodule aus den Abfällen gewonnen werden. Auch ein Ausfällen der Ligninderivate durch pH-Shift oder den Zusatz von komplexbildenden Fällungsmitteln ist möglich. Wobei aufgrund von geringeren Kosten die einfachen Fällungsreaktionen gegenüber den Filtrationsmethoden, bei denen die Membran relativ häufig gewechselt werden muss, vorzuziehen sind. Diese Abtrennungsmethoden können sich auch an einen vorhergehenden chemischen Aufschluss ligninhaltiger Abfälle anschließen, wenn es sich beispielsweise um Abfälle aus der Gewinnung von Bioethanol handelt. In diesen Fällen enthält die nach dem Vergärungsprozess zurückbleibende Schlempe das Lignin noch in Vergesellschaftung mit Zellulose. Darüber hinaus können jederzeit weitere Separierungs- und Behandlungsschritte des Lignins und/ oder der Ligninderivate in den Abtrennungsprozess integriert werden. Es ist jedoch aus Kostengründen erwünscht, die Anzahl an Schritten zur Abtrennung des Lignins und/ oder der Ligninderivate möglichst gering zu halten.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the separation of the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives from the ligninhaltigen wastes by chemical and / or by physical separation means. In this case, lignin and / or lignin derivatives can be obtained from the waste by ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membrane modules. A precipitation of the lignin derivatives by pH shift or the addition of complexing precipitants is possible. However, due to lower costs, the simple precipitation reactions compared to the filtration methods, in which the membrane must be changed relatively frequently, are preferable. These separation methods may also follow a previous chemical digestion of lignocellulosic waste, for example waste from the production of bioethanol. In these cases, the still remaining vinification after the fermentation process contains the lignin still in association with cellulose. In addition, further separation and treatment steps of the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives can be integrated into the separation process at any time. However, it is desirable for reasons of cost to keep the number of steps for separating the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives as low as possible.

Nach der Erfindung handelt es sich bei den Fasern um natürliche Fasern aus der Gruppe der Samenfasern, Bastfasern, Fruchtfasern, Holzfasern oder Blattfasern von Pflanzen. Hierbei können die Fasern aus der Baumwolle, aus der Alpaka-Pflanze, des Bambus, der Brennnessel, des Hanfs, der Kokospflanze oder der Binse Verwendung finden. Aber auch Pappelflaum, Jute, Leinen, Ramie oder Sisal sind geeignet. Um die pflanzlichen Ressourcen weiter zu schonen, können natürliche Fasern eingesetzt werden, die beim Anbau von Pflanzen als Agroabfall anfallen. Es handelt sich bei den Fasern auch um Chemiefasern aus natürlichen Polymeren. Hierbei kommen Chemiefasern aus Polymeren auf der Basis von Zellulose zur Anwendung. Diese Chemiefasern werden entweder anstelle der natürlichen Fasern oder gemeinsam mit diesen eingesetzt.According to the invention, the fibers are natural fibers from the group of seed fibers, bast fibers, fruit fibers, wood fibers or leaf fibers of plants. Here, the fibers from the cotton, from the alpaca plant, the bamboo, the nettle, the hemp, the coconut plant or the bulrush can be used. But also poplar fluff, jute, linen, ramie or sisal are suitable. In order to further conserve the plant resources, natural fibers can be used, which are used in the cultivation of Plants incurred as agro waste. The fibers are also synthetic fibers made from natural polymers. In this case, chemical fibers made of polymers based on cellulose are used. These chemical fibers are used either instead of or in conjunction with the natural fibers.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden dem Gemisch aus Schritt b) weitere Hilfsstoffe zugemischt. Beispielsweise können Hilfsstoffe mit thermoplastischen Eigenschaften dann dem Gemisch zugemischt werden, falls eine über die natürlichen thermoplastischen Eigenschaften des Lignins und/ oder der Ligninderivate hinausgehende Thermoplastizität in den unter c) und d) aufgeführten Schritten erwünscht ist. Auch für eine Granulierung des Gemisches durch Verfahren unter Hitzeeinwirkung können dem Gemisch gegebenenfalls Hilfsstoffe mit thermoplastischen Eigenschaften zumischt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, further excipients are added to the mixture from step b). For example, adjuvants having thermoplastic properties can then be blended into the blend if a thermoplasticity in excess of the natural thermoplastic properties of the lignin and / or lignin derivatives is desired in the steps listed under c) and d). Also, for granulation of the mixture by heat-affected processes, adjuvants having thermoplastic properties may optionally be added to the mixture.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung handelt es sich bei den Hilfsstoffen um natürliche Polymere, auf natürlichen Stoffen basierende Polymere, Wasser, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Füllstoffe und /oder um Mischungen dieser. Natürliche Polymere und auf natürlichen Stoffen basierende Polymere mit thermoplastischen Eigenschaften können zur Erhöhung der thermoplastischen Eigenschaften für die weitere Verarbeitung des Gemisches eingesetzt werden. Durch den Zusatz von Pigmenten und Farbstoffen ist eine individuelle Farbgebung der Formteile möglich. Der Zusatz von Wasser kann die Verarbeitbarkeit des Gemisches positiv beeinflussen. Füllstoffe können zur zusätzlichen Kostensenkung in dem bei dem Verfahren verwendeten Gemisch enthalten sein.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the excipients are natural polymers, based on natural substances polymers, water, pigments, dyes, fillers and / or mixtures of these. Natural polymers and natural-based polymers with thermoplastic properties can be used to increase the thermoplastic properties for further processing of the blend. By the addition of pigments and dyes, an individual coloring of the molded parts is possible. The addition of water can positively influence the processability of the mixture. Fillers may be included for additional cost reduction in the mixture used in the process.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Platte aus Schritt c) eine Stärke von 2 mm bis 15 mm auf, bevorzugt von 2 mm bis 10 mm. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von Formteilen mit unterschiedlicher Wanddicke. Hieraus ergibt sich eine weitere Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten hinsichtlich der Formteile, welche durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hergestellt werden können.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the plate from step c) has a thickness of 2 mm to 15 mm, preferably from 2 mm to 10 mm. This allows the production of moldings with different wall thickness. This results in a further variety of different Design options with regard to the molded parts, which can be produced by the method according to the invention.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird ein Gemisch enthaltend Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate und Fasern zur Herstellung von Formteilen durch Tiefziehen verwendet.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a mixture containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers for the production of moldings is used by deep drawing.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird ein Gemisch enthaltend Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate und Fasern zur Herstellung von Hinweisschildern durch Tiefziehen verwendet. Dieser können beispielsweise zur Beschilderung von Feld- und Waldwegen dienen.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a mixture containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and fibers for the production of signs by deep drawing is used. These can be used, for example, for signposting field and forest trails.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the claims.

Claims (11)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen enthaltend Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate aus ligninhaltigen Abfällen der Herstellung und Gewinnung von industriellen Produkten aus pflanzlichen Rohstoffen und Fasern
umfassend die Schritte: a) Abtrennen des Lignins und/ oder der Ligninderivate aus den ligninhaltigen Abfällen b) Herstellen eines Gemisches zumindest aus dem Lignin und/ oder den Ligninderivaten aus Schritt a) unter Zumischen von Fasern c) Extrusion des Gemisches zu einer Platte d) Tiefziehen der Platte zu einem Formteil, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Gemisch aus Schritt b) als Hilfsstoff das natürliche Polymer Zellulose als Chemiefasern zugemischt wird.Process for the production of moldings containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives from lignin-containing wastes for the production and recovery of industrial products from vegetable raw materials and fibers
comprising the steps: a) separating the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives from the ligninhaltigen wastes b) producing a mixture of at least the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives from step a) while admixing fibers c) Extrusion of the mixture into a plate d) deep-drawing the plate into a molded part, characterized in that the mixture of step b) as adjuvant, the natural polymer is added to cellulose as man-made fibers. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gemisch aus Schritt b) vor der Weiterverarbeitung in Schritt c) in Granulatform gebracht wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture from step b) is brought into granular form prior to further processing in step c). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ligninhaltigen Abfälle aus dem Sulfit-, dem Sulfat- oder dem Organosolv-Verfahren zur Zellstoffgewinnung stammen.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lignin-containing waste from the sulfite, the sulfate or the Organosolv process for pulp production come. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den Ligninderivaten um Ligninsulfonsäuren, Alkali-Lignin oder Organosolv-Lignin handelt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the lignin derivatives to lignosulfonic acids, alkali lignin or Organosolv lignin. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abtrennen des Lignins und/ oder der Ligninderivate aus den ligninhaltigen Abfällen durch chemische und/ oder durch physikalische Separationsmittel erfolgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation of the lignin and / or the lignin derivatives from the lignin-containing waste by chemical and / or by physical separation means. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den Fasern um natürliche Fasern aus der Gruppe der Samenfasern, Bastfasern, Fruchtfasern, Holzfasern oder Blattfasern von Pflanzen handelt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers are natural fibers from the group of seed fibers, bast fibers, fruit fibers, wood fibers or leaf fibers of plants. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Gemisch aus Schritt b) weitere Hilfsstoffe zugemischt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture from step b) further adjuvants are admixed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den Hilfsstoffen um natürliche Polymere, Wasser, Wachse, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Füllstoffe und /oder um Mischungen dieser handelt.A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the excipients are natural polymers, water, waxes, pigments, dyes, fillers and / or mixtures thereof. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte aus Schritt c) eine Stärke von 2 mm bis 15 mm aufweist, bevorzugt von 2 mm bis 10 mm.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate from step c) has a thickness of 2 mm to 15 mm, preferably from 2 mm to 10 mm. Verwendung eines Gemisches enthaltend Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate und Chemiefasern aus Polymeren auf der Basis von Zellulose zur Herstellung von Formteilen durch Tiefziehen.Use of a mixture containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and man-made fibers of cellulose-based polymers for the production of molded parts by deep-drawing. Verwendung eines Gemisches enthaltend Lignin und/ oder Ligninderivate und Chemiefasern aus Polymeren auf der Basis von Zellulose zur Herstellung von Hinweisschildern durch Tiefziehen.Use of a mixture containing lignin and / or lignin derivatives and man-made fibers of cellulose-based polymers for the production of information labels by thermoforming.
EP13001490.5A 2009-09-24 2010-09-07 Method and use of lignin for manufacturing of moulded objects Not-in-force EP2612739B1 (en)

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