EP2641493A1 - Breathable dip glove - Google Patents
Breathable dip glove Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2641493A1 EP2641493A1 EP12001937.7A EP12001937A EP2641493A1 EP 2641493 A1 EP2641493 A1 EP 2641493A1 EP 12001937 A EP12001937 A EP 12001937A EP 2641493 A1 EP2641493 A1 EP 2641493A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glove
- panel
- palm
- seam
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D19/00—Gloves
- A41D19/0006—Gloves made of several layers of material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D19/00—Gloves
- A41D19/0055—Plastic or rubber gloves
- A41D19/0068—Two-dimensional gloves, i.e. obtained by superposition of two sheets of material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a glove comprising a palm panel and a back hand panel, the palm panel and the back hand panel being joined by at least one seam to form the glove having a glove palm side and a glove back hand side, the glove being provided at least partially with a coating on one side of the glove which extends partially onto the other side of the glove so as to seal the seam along at least a portion of the length of the seam.
- the invention further relates to a method of forming a breathable glove, wherein the glove has been placed on a hand form, the hand form having a hand portion and a wrist portion on which the glove is placed so as to confer to the glove a three-dimensional shape.
- FIGS 1a - 1d An example is shown in Figures 1a - 1d , in which Figure 1a shows a palm panel 10 and a back hand panel 12 for a glove for a left hand.
- the two panels 10, 12 are joined by a seam 14 (see Figure 1b ) which extends along the outer edge of both panels from a starting point S (see Figure 1 c) all along the outer edges of a wrist portion 16 of the panels 10, 12, along the fingers 18 and again along wrist portion 16 to an end point E (or in the opposite direction).
- the edges of wrist portion 16 which are opposite to fingers 18 are not connected so that a hand of a user can be slipped into the glove.
- the panels 10, 12 could also be connected with other techniques, for example by gluing them together.
- Palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12 are congruent. In other words, they have the same shape. This results in seam 14 forming the connecting line and simultaneously defining the virtual separation between a palm side of the glove and a back hand side of the glove (in case of congruent panels).
- the two panels 10, 12 are connected to each other by seam 14 to form a glove - 20, which can be provided with a coating 22 on one of its sides, which in the example of Figure 1 c is the palm side of the glove 20.
- Coating 22 can be a dip coating which is applied to glove 20 by placing glove 20 on a hand form and dipping the hand form with the glove into a liquid coating material, possibly repeatedly until a coating with a desired thickness has accumulated on the palm side of the glove.
- the material used for back hand panel 12 is water-proof and preferably breathable, for example in comprising a water vapor permeable textile or membrane (e.g. ePFTE membrane), humidity emitted by the hand of a person using the glove can be transported to the outside, resulting in a good wearing comfort.
- a water vapor permeable textile or membrane e.g. ePFTE membrane
- coating 22 does not only completely cover palm panel 10 but also seam 14 as it slightly extends onto the back hand side as well. Assuming that the breathable material used for back hand panel 12 is also waterproof, a waterproof glove is formed in this way in which seam 14 is sealed in a waterproof manner by coating 22 to the extent the seam is covered by the coating.
- each glove has a certain point P as from which onwards seam 14 is no longer sealed by the material which forms coating 22.
- coating 22 can be seen which extends onto the back hand side of glove 20 in the region of the fingers, thereby reliably sealing seam 14 in this region.
- coating 22 "retracts” from the back hand side of the glove onto the palm side such that at point P, the boundary of coating 22 "crosses” seam 14, resulting in the portion of the seam extending between the rearward end of wrist portion 16 and point P not being sealed.
- This seam portion is here designated with reference numeral 14A. It can be seen in Figure 1c that the overall waterproof characteristics of the glove are affected thereby as there is a risk that water penetrates through seam portion 14A if this portion of seam 14 is subjected to water.
- the object of the invention is to improve a glove formed from a palm panel and a back hand panel regarding its waterproof characteristics without negatively affecting the breathing qualities of the glove.
- the invention provides a glove as defined above in which the palm panel has a shape which is different from the shape of the back hand panel such that this seam extends partially on that side of the glove provided with the coating.
- the invention is based on the idea of abandoning the concept of two identical panels which form the glove and which results in the circumferential seam separating the palm side and the back hand side of the glove. Rather, the panels are formed such that the seam is at least partially arranged on that side of the glove where the coating is provided, resulting in an increased length of the seam being sealed by the coating.
- the seam extends partially on the palm side of the glove, and the coating is provided on the palm side of the glove extending partially onto the back hand panel.
- This embodiment allows but not requires using a standard fabric (such as knits, wovens or non-wovens) for the palm panel, the characteristics of the palm panel being mainly determined by the required bonding between the coating and the fabric and by the required comfort in the interior of the glove.
- the coating ensures that the glove is waterproof on the palm side and can therefore serve two purposes, namely for sealing the palm panel and at the same time acting as a mechanical reinforcement on that side of the glove which is typically subjected to the majority of wear.
- the back hand panel may comprise a waterproof, breathable material.
- a glove In combination with a coating on the palm side, a glove is achieved which has waterproof, breathable characteristics via the back hand panel and which is waterproof by means of the coating on the palm side (independent from the palm panel material). Nevertheless, manufacturing costs are reduced as no sophisticated material is required for the palm panel.
- the seam extends partially on the back hand side of the glove, and the coating is provided on the back hand side of the glove extending partially onto the palm.
- This embodiment results in a glove in which the back hand side is protected by means of the coating whereas improved tactile characteristics are achieved with the uncoated palm panel.
- the palm panel may comprise a waterproof breathable material. This embodiment results in a good wearing comfort despite the coating on the back hand side of the glove.
- the waterproof, breathable material comprises a membrane, as for example a PTFE or ePTFE membrane or a PU membrane. This material combines good water vapor permeable characteristics with waterproofness and mechanical stability.
- membrane is to be understood as meaning in particular a film or a coating which forms a barrier at least to air passage through this layer, ideally also with regard to further gases such as for example chemical poisonous gases.
- the barrier layer is water vapor permeable but air impermeable and/or gas impermeable.
- the barrier layer is referred to as air impermeable when it has an air transmission rate of less than 25 l/m 2 and in particular an air transmission rate of less than 5 l/m 2 (EN ISO 9237, 1995).
- a water impermeable and water vapor permeable flexible membrane suitable for the present invention is described in US-A-3,953,566 which describes a porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material.
- the expanded porous PTFE material has a characteristic microstructure of interconnected nodes and fibrils.
- the water impermeability of the membrane can be improved when the expanded PTFE material has been coated with a hydrophobic and/or oleophobic coating material.
- the water impermeable and water vapor permeable membrane can also be constructed of a microporous material such as for example polyethylene or polypropylene, microporous polyurethane or polyester, or a hydrophilic monolithic polymer such as polyurethane for example.
- a microporous material such as for example polyethylene or polypropylene, microporous polyurethane or polyester, or a hydrophilic monolithic polymer such as polyurethane for example.
- Suitable materials for a waterproof and water vapor permeable barrier layer are in particular polyurethane, polypropylene and polyester, including polyether ester and laminates thereof, as described in US-A-4,725,481 and US-A-4,493,870 .
- a microporous barrier layer has an average pore size between about 0.2 ⁇ m and about 0.3 ⁇ m.
- Pore size can be measured using a Coulter Porometer (brand name) from Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeath, Florida.
- the coating is a waterproof coating such that the glove is a waterproof, breathable glove.
- the waterproof coating can be formed at low costs from natural rubber latex or nitril rubber latex and allows increasing grip and abrasion resistance while fluid is reliably blocked from penetrating into the glove.
- the back hand panel or palm panel comprises at least one wrist flap.
- the at least one wrist flap is used for forming the wrist portion of the glove and makes it possible to arrange the seam on the side of the glove provided with the coating such that an additional portion of the seam (or even the entire seam) is sealed by the coating material.
- the seam at the wrist portion of the glove can be placed at a desired position.
- only one seam is provided in the wrist portion. This minimizes the requirement for sealing the seam in the wrist portion.
- two ends of the seam are provided in the wrist portion, between which a wrist extension of the palm panel or the back hand panel extends.
- This shape of the back hand panel and the palm panel allows using a single, continuous seam for connecting the two panels.
- the palm panel and the back hand panel are formed in one piece. This reduces the length of the seam necessary for forming the glove.
- the palm panel and the back hand panel are formed as separate pieces. This allows using different materials for the palm panel and the back hand panel, even though the same material for both panels can be used, too.
- At least one of the palm panel and the back hand panel is composed of at least two pieces, in particular from pieces which are formed from materials having different properties. This allows to even better match the characteristics of the glove with certain requirements, for example increased tactile characteristics in a finger portion of the glove and increased mechanical strength in another portion. It is also possible to use an abrasion resistant laminate on the palm side which can be integrated into the coating provided on the palm side of the glove.
- the back hand panel comprises a palm extension which extends onto the palm side of the glove and fits into a correspondingly formed recess in the palm panel.
- This shape of the back hand panel allows achieving breathability on the palm side of the glove if the back hand panel is formed from a breathable material.
- an arm portion is provided, the seam being sealed in the arm portion by means of a sealing means.
- the sealing means can be formed differently from the coating which is used for sealing the seam between the back hand panel and the palm panel in the finger and palm portions of the glove such that a completely waterproof glove is achieved.
- the sealing means can be in particular a seam sealing tape which allows reliably sealing of the arm portion seam at reasonable expenses.
- the additional sealing means can of course also be used for gloves which do not have an arm portion but only a (short) cuff portion.
- the coating can be a dip coating such that the coating can be applied with well-known techniques.
- the invention also provides a method of forming a waterproof breathable glove as defined above, in which the wrist portion of a dipping hand has a protruding dipping portion on the palm side, the glove being dipped into a coating bath when being held on the dipping hand such that a coating is deposited on the glove which covers the seam both on the hand portion of the glove and partially on the wrist portion.
- the particular shape of the dipping hand ensures that an additional portion of the seam which is longer as compared to the prior art, comes into contact with the dipping material, thereby reducing said portion of the seam which is not sealed by the dipping material.
- a palm panel 10 and a back hand panel 12 are being used which are formed from different materials, except for the embodiment in which palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12 are formed in one piece.
- sophisticated materials such as a breathable membrane can be used for uncoated portion of the glove while cheaper fabrics can be used for the portions to which a coating is applied, in particular for the palm panel.
- the back hand panel 12 is formed from a waterproof, water vapor permeable material, for example a laminate comprising a membrane like a ePTFE membrane.
- the waterproof water vapor permeable membrane can be attached to at least one textile layer forming a 2 layer laminate.
- the membrane might also be arranged between at least two textile layers forming a 3 layer laminate.
- Palm panel 10 can be formed from a material which has good tactile properties and allows application of a coating.
- an elastomeric polymer such as Natural Rubber Latex (NRL), Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Polychloroprene (Neoprene) Rubber, plastisoles such as PVC plastisole or a silicone can be used. This material however does not have to be breathable and/or waterproof.
- the coating can also be applied by using injection molding techniques. It is also possible to combine a dip coating with an injection-molded coating.
- additional elements such as leather strips etc. can be applied to the glove, in particular to coated portions.
- the embodiments described in the following use a coating 22 which is generally applied onto the palm side of the glove, it is to be understood that it is also possible to use a coating which is applied onto the back hand side of the glove while the palm side is essentially without a coating. Then, the waterproof, breathable material will be used for the palm panel while the back hand panel can be made from a simple fabric, apart from those embodiments in which the palm panel and the back hand panel are formed in one piece.
- seam is used as a generic designation for the connection between two elements.
- the seam can be formed as a stitched seam which allows to mechanically connect the edges of the palm panel and the back hand panel to each other.
- other techniques can be used as well, e.g. an adhesive which is applied to one of the panels or to both of them, and which connects the edges such that a glove is formed, or a welded connection.
- the seam can be waterproof, but does not necessarily have to be waterproof.
- FIG 2a a palm panel 10 and a back hand panel 12 are shown, which are being used for manufacturing a glove according to a first embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are being used, and reference is made to the above comments.
- Figure 2a uses two panels 10, 12 which are different from each other as regards their shapes. Palm panel 10 is only in the shape of a hand and does not have any piece which forms the wrist portion of the glove, while back hand panel 12 not only has a wrist piece 24 but also two wrist flaps 26 which are provided on either side of wrist piece 24. Wrist flaps 26 are formed integrally with back hand panel 12.
- palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12 are joined to each other by using seam 14. Since palm panel 10 does not have a wrist piece, the two wrist flaps 26 are folded around to the palm side forming the wrist portion there. Seam 14 connects both panels along the outer contour of palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12. At the wrist portion the seam 14 moves to the palm side and connects the wrist flaps 26 to the palm panel 10. For closing the glove in the wrist portion 16, an additional wrist seam 15 is used which connects wrist flaps 26 to each other.
- a coating 22 is provided on the palm side of glove 20, which extends slightly onto the back hand side of the glove as well. This ensures that seam 14 connecting palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12 to each other is sealed by the coating material.
- Coating 22 is here formed from a natural rubber latex or nitril rubber latex so that a waterproof coating is formed. The coating can be applied by dipping the glove with the palm side facing downwardly into reservoir of liquid dipping material. It is also possible to apply the coating by other techniques such as spraying or injection molding or combinations thereof.
- seam 14 is only partially arranged as a virtual separation between the palm side and the back hand side of glove 20.
- seam 14 is arranged completely on the palm side.
- seam 15 is arranged completely on the palm side of the glove.
- point P as from which wrist seam 15 is no longer sealed by coating 22 and forms an uncoated seam portion 15A is arranged more rearwardly (in other words: closer to the wrist opening) as compared to the uncoated seam portion 14A of the prior art glove, allowing the user of the glove to immerse his glove covered hand deeper (up to a level indicated with L) into a liquid before there is a risk of liquid entering into the interior of the glove.
- Palm panel 10 comprises a wrist portion 24 in a narrow width.
- Back hand panel 12 has a wrist portion 24 and wrist flaps 26 are being used which are more narrow as with the first embodiment. Therefore, both wrist pieces are different from each other as regards their widths.
- seam 14 being arranged on the palm side of wrist portion 16 connecting the wrist flaps 26 to the wrist portion of the palm panel 10.
- point P as from which onwards seam 14 is sealed by coating 22, is located more rearwardly as compared to the prior art glove. Therefore the length of the uncoated seam portions 14A is less than in the prior art glove.
- palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12 were formed as separate pieces. It is however also possible to form palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12 in one piece, as can be seen in Figures 4 and 5.
- Figure 4a shows a palm panel 10 and a back hand panel 12 formed from one piece of material according to the prior art.
- Folding line PL assigns the border line between both panels 10, 12.
- seam 14 connects both panels along their perimetric edge for forming the glove extends at an "intermediate" level of the glove which separates the palm side from the back hand side, resulting in a long uncovered seam portion 14A after the coating has been applied.
- palm panel 10 and back hand panel 12 have shapes which are different from each other.
- back hand panel 12 is provided with a wrist flap 26 which results in seam 14 on the wrist portion 26 being arranged onto the palm side of the glove (shown in Figure 5b ). Said seam arrangement on the palm side of the wrist portion results in an improved seam sealing.
- coating 22 having a portion which protrudes towards wrist portion 16 seam 14 is sealed over more of its length as compared to the prior art design (see location of point P in Figure 5b and Figure 4b ). Accordingly, a user can immerse the glove 20 deeper into a liquid before seam portion 14A not sealed by coating 22 is exposed to the liquid.
- the glove according to the fourth embodiment is similar to the glove according to the second embodiment shown in Figure 3 .
- the difference is that back hand panel 12 of the fourth embodiment is provided with a palm extension 28 whereas palm panel 10 is provided with a correspondingly formed recess 29 in the back hand panel 12.
- Palm panel 10 is composed of a finger piece 30 and a hand piece 32
- back hand panel 12 is composed of a finger piece 34 and two hand pieces 36, 38.
- Finger piece 30 and hand piece 32 are joined by a seam 33 (shown in Figure 7b ).
- a seam 33 shown in Figure 7b .
- Finger piece 34 and hand pieces 36, 38 of the back hand panel are joined along two seams 39 (also shown in Figure 7b ).
- sealing means 42 are being used for sealing seams 39, namely e.g. seam sealing tapes 42. These can be applied in a simple manner as straight seams 39 are being used.
- the advantage of forming panels 10, 12 from a plurality of pieces is that different materials can be used for the pieces such that the material properties can be particularly adapted to the specific requirements.
- Glove 20 according to the sixth embodiment basically corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 3 , but is provided with an arm portion 50 which acts as an extension of wrist portion 16. Accordingly, wrist piece 24 and wrist flaps 26 are formed longer and can be termed arm pieces and arm flaps.
- Seam 14 which extends over the entire arm portion 50 towards wrist portion 16 is sealed by seam sealing tapes 42 so as to arrive at a completely waterproof glove.
- seam sealing tapes 42 straight seams are used so that seam sealing tapes 42 can be applied in a simple manner.
- FIG 9 an embodiment similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 8 is depicted.
- a single seam 14 is being used for connecting palm panel 10 to back hand panel 12.
- Wrist seam 15 extends not only along wrist portion 16 but also along arm portion 50, and is sealed by means of seam sealing tape 42, resulting in a completely waterproof glove.
- FIGs 10 to 12 a particular way of dipping the glove into the liquid coating material contained in a coating bath 60 is shown.
- the glove formed from back hand panel 12 and palm panel 10 joined to each other is being placed on a hand form so as to confer to the glove a three-dimensional shape.
- the hand form has a wrist portion 61 which is provided with a protruding dipping portion 62 (see Figure 12 ) which maintains wrist seam 15 in a downwardly protruding position such that seam 15 is dipped deeper into coating bath 60 than this is the case with a standard hand form.
- the protruding portion generally has the shape of a rib which extends along the wrist portion and serves for pushing seam 15 deeper into the coating bath than adjacent portions of the glove, resulting in a narrow strip-shaped portion 80 of coating 22 which extends towards the end of wrist portion 16. If no rib was provided, the wrist portion of the glove would be completely covered by the coating.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a glove comprising a palm panel and a back hand panel, the palm panel and the back hand panel being joined by at least one seam to form the glove having a glove palm side and a glove back hand side, the glove being provided at least partially with a coating on one side of the glove which extends partially onto the other side of the glove so as to seal the seam along at least a portion of the length of the seam. The invention further relates to a method of forming a breathable glove, wherein the glove has been placed on a hand form, the hand form having a hand portion and a wrist portion on which the glove is placed so as to confer to the glove a three-dimensional shape.
- Gloves formed from a palm panel and a back hand panel are widely known. An example is shown in
Figures 1a - 1d , in whichFigure 1a shows apalm panel 10 and aback hand panel 12 for a glove for a left hand. The twopanels Figure 1b ) which extends along the outer edge of both panels from a starting point S (seeFigure 1 c) all along the outer edges of awrist portion 16 of thepanels fingers 18 and again alongwrist portion 16 to an end point E (or in the opposite direction). The edges ofwrist portion 16 which are opposite tofingers 18 are not connected so that a hand of a user can be slipped into the glove. - Instead of a using a stitched
seam 14, thepanels -
Palm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 are congruent. In other words, they have the same shape. This results inseam 14 forming the connecting line and simultaneously defining the virtual separation between a palm side of the glove and a back hand side of the glove (in case of congruent panels). - The two
panels seam 14 to form a glove - 20, which can be provided with acoating 22 on one of its sides, which in the example ofFigure 1 c is the palm side of theglove 20.Coating 22 can be a dip coating which is applied toglove 20 by placingglove 20 on a hand form and dipping the hand form with the glove into a liquid coating material, possibly repeatedly until a coating with a desired thickness has accumulated on the palm side of the glove. - If the material used for
back hand panel 12 is water-proof and preferably breathable, for example in comprising a water vapor permeable textile or membrane (e.g. ePFTE membrane), humidity emitted by the hand of a person using the glove can be transported to the outside, resulting in a good wearing comfort. - As can be seen in
Figure 1b ,coating 22 does not only completely coverpalm panel 10 but alsoseam 14 as it slightly extends onto the back hand side as well. Assuming that the breathable material used forback hand panel 12 is also waterproof, a waterproof glove is formed in this way in whichseam 14 is sealed in a waterproof manner by coating 22 to the extent the seam is covered by the coating. - For a couple of reasons, the
wrist portion 16 of the glove is typically not dipped into the coating material. The consequence from this is that each glove has a certain point P as from which onwardsseam 14 is no longer sealed by the material which forms coating 22. Looking atFigure 1 c ,coating 22 can be seen which extends onto the back hand side ofglove 20 in the region of the fingers, thereby reliably sealingseam 14 in this region. Towardswrist portion 16 however, coating 22 "retracts" from the back hand side of the glove onto the palm side such that at point P, the boundary ofcoating 22 "crosses"seam 14, resulting in the portion of the seam extending between the rearward end ofwrist portion 16 and point P not being sealed. This seam portion is here designated withreference numeral 14A. It can be seen inFigure 1c that the overall waterproof characteristics of the glove are affected thereby as there is a risk that water penetrates throughseam portion 14A if this portion ofseam 14 is subjected to water. - It is of course possible to dip the glove deeper into the liquid coating material so as to "move" point P further towards the rear end of
wrist portion 16. The result of this approach is shown inFigure 1d . It can be seen thatcoating 22 extends farther onto the back hand side and theback hand panel 12 of the glove (in particular the coating extends significantly to the back hand side of fingers 18 ), resulting in point P being closer to the rear end ofwrist portion 16 as compared to the glove shown inFigure 1c . However, the breathing capacity ofback hand panel 12 is somewhat reduced as the surface available for transporting humidity is smaller as compared to the glove shown inFigure 1 c. Further, a rather large amount of coating material is wasted in particular on the back hand side offingers 18 ofglove 20 as it does not improve the waterproof characteristics of the glove in case the material ofback hand panel 12 is already waterproof. - The object of the invention is to improve a glove formed from a palm panel and a back hand panel regarding its waterproof characteristics without negatively affecting the breathing qualities of the glove.
- In order to solve this object, the invention provides a glove as defined above in which the palm panel has a shape which is different from the shape of the back hand panel such that this seam extends partially on that side of the glove provided with the coating. The invention is based on the idea of abandoning the concept of two identical panels which form the glove and which results in the circumferential seam separating the palm side and the back hand side of the glove. Rather, the panels are formed such that the seam is at least partially arranged on that side of the glove where the coating is provided, resulting in an increased length of the seam being sealed by the coating.
- According to a first embodiment, the seam extends partially on the palm side of the glove, and the coating is provided on the palm side of the glove extending partially onto the back hand panel. This embodiment allows but not requires using a standard fabric (such as knits, wovens or non-wovens) for the palm panel, the characteristics of the palm panel being mainly determined by the required bonding between the coating and the fabric and by the required comfort in the interior of the glove. The coating ensures that the glove is waterproof on the palm side and can therefore serve two purposes, namely for sealing the palm panel and at the same time acting as a mechanical reinforcement on that side of the glove which is typically subjected to the majority of wear.
- The back hand panel may comprise a waterproof, breathable material. In combination with a coating on the palm side, a glove is achieved which has waterproof, breathable characteristics via the back hand panel and which is waterproof by means of the coating on the palm side (independent from the palm panel material). Nevertheless, manufacturing costs are reduced as no sophisticated material is required for the palm panel.
- According to an alternative embodiment, the seam extends partially on the back hand side of the glove, and the coating is provided on the back hand side of the glove extending partially onto the palm. This embodiment results in a glove in which the back hand side is protected by means of the coating whereas improved tactile characteristics are achieved with the uncoated palm panel.
- In this embodiment the palm panel may comprise a waterproof breathable material. This embodiment results in a good wearing comfort despite the coating on the back hand side of the glove.
- According to a further embodiment, the waterproof, breathable material comprises a membrane, as for example a PTFE or ePTFE membrane or a PU membrane. This material combines good water vapor permeable characteristics with waterproofness and mechanical stability.
- The term "membrane" is to be understood as meaning in particular a film or a coating which forms a barrier at least to air passage through this layer, ideally also with regard to further gases such as for example chemical poisonous gases. The barrier layer is water vapor permeable but air impermeable and/or gas impermeable. The barrier layer is referred to as air impermeable when it has an air transmission rate of less than 25 l/m2 and in particular an air transmission rate of less than 5 l/m2 (EN ISO 9237, 1995).
- A water impermeable and water vapor permeable flexible membrane suitable for the present invention is described in
US-A-3,953,566 which describes a porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material. The expanded porous PTFE material has a characteristic microstructure of interconnected nodes and fibrils. The water impermeability of the membrane can be improved when the expanded PTFE material has been coated with a hydrophobic and/or oleophobic coating material. - The water impermeable and water vapor permeable membrane can also be constructed of a microporous material such as for example polyethylene or polypropylene, microporous polyurethane or polyester, or a hydrophilic monolithic polymer such as polyurethane for example.
- Suitable materials for a waterproof and water vapor permeable barrier layer are in particular polyurethane, polypropylene and polyester, including polyether ester and laminates thereof, as described in
US-A-4,725,481 andUS-A-4,493,870 . Particular preference, however, is given to expanded microporous polyletrafluoro-ethylene (ePTFE) as described for example inUS-A-3,953,566 andUS-A-4,187.390 , and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene provided with hydrophilic impregnants and/or hydrophilic layers; see for exampleUS-A-4.194.041 . A microporous barrier layer has an average pore size between about 0.2 µm and about 0.3 µm. - Pore size can be measured using a Coulter Porometer (brand name) from Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeath, Florida.
- Preferably, the coating is a waterproof coating such that the glove is a waterproof, breathable glove. The waterproof coating can be formed at low costs from natural rubber latex or nitril rubber latex and allows increasing grip and abrasion resistance while fluid is reliably blocked from penetrating into the glove.
- According to one embodiment of the invention, the back hand panel or palm panel comprises at least one wrist flap. The at least one wrist flap is used for forming the wrist portion of the glove and makes it possible to arrange the seam on the side of the glove provided with the coating such that an additional portion of the seam (or even the entire seam) is sealed by the coating material.
- By using a back hand panel or a palm panel which comprises two wrist flaps, the seam at the wrist portion of the glove can be placed at a desired position.
- According to a preferred embodiment, only one seam is provided in the wrist portion. This minimizes the requirement for sealing the seam in the wrist portion.
- As an alternative, two ends of the seam are provided in the wrist portion, between which a wrist extension of the palm panel or the back hand panel extends. This shape of the back hand panel and the palm panel allows using a single, continuous seam for connecting the two panels.
- According to a preferred embodiment, the palm panel and the back hand panel are formed in one piece. This reduces the length of the seam necessary for forming the glove.
- According to an alternative preferred embodiment, the palm panel and the back hand panel are formed as separate pieces. This allows using different materials for the palm panel and the back hand panel, even though the same material for both panels can be used, too.
- It is also possible that at least one of the palm panel and the back hand panel is composed of at least two pieces, in particular from pieces which are formed from materials having different properties. This allows to even better match the characteristics of the glove with certain requirements, for example increased tactile characteristics in a finger portion of the glove and increased mechanical strength in another portion. It is also possible to use an abrasion resistant laminate on the palm side which can be integrated into the coating provided on the palm side of the glove.
- According to an embodiment of the invention, the back hand panel comprises a palm extension which extends onto the palm side of the glove and fits into a correspondingly formed recess in the palm panel. This shape of the back hand panel allows achieving breathability on the palm side of the glove if the back hand panel is formed from a breathable material.
- In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an arm portion is provided, the seam being sealed in the arm portion by means of a sealing means. The sealing means can be formed differently from the coating which is used for sealing the seam between the back hand panel and the palm panel in the finger and palm portions of the glove such that a completely waterproof glove is achieved. The sealing means can be in particular a seam sealing tape which allows reliably sealing of the arm portion seam at reasonable expenses. The additional sealing means can of course also be used for gloves which do not have an arm portion but only a (short) cuff portion.
- The coating can be a dip coating such that the coating can be applied with well-known techniques.
- The invention also provides a method of forming a waterproof breathable glove as defined above, in which the wrist portion of a dipping hand has a protruding dipping portion on the palm side, the glove being dipped into a coating bath when being held on the dipping hand such that a coating is deposited on the glove which covers the seam both on the hand portion of the glove and partially on the wrist portion. The particular shape of the dipping hand ensures that an additional portion of the seam which is longer as compared to the prior art, comes into contact with the dipping material, thereby reducing said portion of the seam which is not sealed by the dipping material.
- The invention will now be described with reference to various embodiments which are shown in the enclosed drawings. In the drawings,
-
Figures 1a to 1d show different aspects of a glove according to the prior art, -
Figures 2a and 2b show panels and a glove according to a first embodiment of the invention, -
Figures 3a and 3b show panels and a glove according to a second embodiment of the invention, -
Figures 4a and 4b show other panels and another glove according to the prior art, -
Figures 5a and 5a show panels and a glove according to a third embodiment of the invention, -
Figures 6a and 6b show panels and a glove according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, -
Figures 7a and 7b show the pieces from which panels for a glove according to a fifth embodiment of the invention are comprised of, and the panels, -
Figure 8 shows a glove according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, -
Figure 9 shows a glove according to a seventh embodiment of the invention, -
Figure 10 schematically shows a particular step for manufacturing a glove according to the invention, -
Figures 11a and 11b show the palm side and the back hand side of the glove used inFigure 10 , and -
Figure 12 schematically shows a cross section along line XII-XII fromFigure 10 . - For all embodiments described in the following, a
palm panel 10 and aback hand panel 12 are being used which are formed from different materials, except for the embodiment in whichpalm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 are formed in one piece. In particular, sophisticated materials such as a breathable membrane can be used for uncoated portion of the glove while cheaper fabrics can be used for the portions to which a coating is applied, in particular for the palm panel. - For certain applications however, identical materials can be advantageous for the back hand panel and the palm panel.
- In one embodiment, the
back hand panel 12 is formed from a waterproof, water vapor permeable material, for example a laminate comprising a membrane like a ePTFE membrane. The waterproof water vapor permeable membrane can be attached to at least one textile layer forming a 2 layer laminate. The membrane might also be arranged between at least two textile layers forming a 3 layerlaminate. Palm panel 10 can be formed from a material which has good tactile properties and allows application of a coating. For the coating, an elastomeric polymer such as Natural Rubber Latex (NRL), Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Polychloroprene (Neoprene) Rubber, plastisoles such as PVC plastisole or a silicone can be used. This material however does not have to be breathable and/or waterproof. - The coating can also be applied by using injection molding techniques. It is also possible to combine a dip coating with an injection-molded coating.
- After the coating has been applied to the glove, additional elements such as leather strips etc. can be applied to the glove, in particular to coated portions.
- Even though the embodiments described in the following use a
coating 22 which is generally applied onto the palm side of the glove, it is to be understood that it is also possible to use a coating which is applied onto the back hand side of the glove while the palm side is essentially without a coating. Then, the waterproof, breathable material will be used for the palm panel while the back hand panel can be made from a simple fabric, apart from those embodiments in which the palm panel and the back hand panel are formed in one piece. - Further, it is to be understood that the term "seam" is used as a generic designation for the connection between two elements. The seam can be formed as a stitched seam which allows to mechanically connect the edges of the palm panel and the back hand panel to each other. However, other techniques can be used as well, e.g. an adhesive which is applied to one of the panels or to both of them, and which connects the edges such that a glove is formed, or a welded connection. The seam can be waterproof, but does not necessarily have to be waterproof.
- In
Figure 2a , apalm panel 10 and aback hand panel 12 are shown, which are being used for manufacturing a glove according to a first embodiment. For the elements known from the discussion of the glove according to the prior art, the same reference numerals are being used, and reference is made to the above comments. - As can be seen by comparing
Figure 2a withFigure 1a , the embodiment ofFigure 2a uses twopanels Palm panel 10 is only in the shape of a hand and does not have any piece which forms the wrist portion of the glove, whileback hand panel 12 not only has awrist piece 24 but also twowrist flaps 26 which are provided on either side ofwrist piece 24. Wrist flaps 26 are formed integrally withback hand panel 12. - For forming the glove,
palm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 are joined to each other by usingseam 14. Sincepalm panel 10 does not have a wrist piece, the twowrist flaps 26 are folded around to the palm side forming the wrist portion there.Seam 14 connects both panels along the outer contour ofpalm panel 10 andback hand panel 12. At the wrist portion theseam 14 moves to the palm side and connects the wrist flaps 26 to thepalm panel 10. For closing the glove in thewrist portion 16, anadditional wrist seam 15 is used which connects wrist flaps 26 to each other. - A
coating 22 is provided on the palm side ofglove 20, which extends slightly onto the back hand side of the glove as well. This ensures thatseam 14 connectingpalm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 to each other is sealed by the coating material.Coating 22 is here formed from a natural rubber latex or nitril rubber latex so that a waterproof coating is formed. The coating can be applied by dipping the glove with the palm side facing downwardly into reservoir of liquid dipping material. It is also possible to apply the coating by other techniques such as spraying or injection molding or combinations thereof. - As a consequence from
palm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 not being congruent,seam 14 is only partially arranged as a virtual separation between the palm side and the back hand side ofglove 20. Towards the palm side ofwrist portion 16,seam 14 is arranged completely on the palm side. Further,seam 15 is arranged completely on the palm side of the glove. - As can be seen in
Figure 2b , point P as from whichwrist seam 15 is no longer sealed by coating 22 and forms anuncoated seam portion 15A is arranged more rearwardly (in other words: closer to the wrist opening) as compared to theuncoated seam portion 14A of the prior art glove, allowing the user of the glove to immerse his glove covered hand deeper (up to a level indicated with L) into a liquid before there is a risk of liquid entering into the interior of the glove. - In
Figures 3a and 3b , a glove according to a second embodiment is shown. For the elements known from the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are being used, and reference is made to the above comments. - With the second embodiment, two
panels Palm panel 10 comprises awrist portion 24 in a narrow width.Back hand panel 12 has awrist portion 24 and wrist flaps 26 are being used which are more narrow as with the first embodiment. Therefore, both wrist pieces are different from each other as regards their widths. This results inseam 14 being arranged on the palm side ofwrist portion 16 connecting the wrist flaps 26 to the wrist portion of thepalm panel 10. As a consequence from the particular arrangement ofseam 14 onwrist portion 16, point P as from which onwardsseam 14 is sealed by coating 22, is located more rearwardly as compared to the prior art glove. Therefore the length of theuncoated seam portions 14A is less than in the prior art glove. - In the first and second embodiment,
palm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 were formed as separate pieces. It is however also possible to formpalm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 in one piece, as can be seen inFigures 4 and 5. Figure 4a shows apalm panel 10 and aback hand panel 12 formed from one piece of material according to the prior art. Folding line PL assigns the border line between bothpanels palm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 have the same shape,seam 14 connects both panels along their perimetric edge for forming the glove extends at an "intermediate" level of the glove which separates the palm side from the back hand side, resulting in a long uncoveredseam portion 14A after the coating has been applied. - In
Figure 5a , apalm panel 10 and aback hand panel 12 for forming a glove according to a third embodiment are shown. For the elements known from the previous embodiments, the same reference numerals are being used, and reference is made to the above comments. - In a manner comparable to the first and second embodiments,
palm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 have shapes which are different from each other. In the embodiment shown,back hand panel 12 is provided with awrist flap 26 which results inseam 14 on thewrist portion 26 being arranged onto the palm side of the glove (shown inFigure 5b ). Said seam arrangement on the palm side of the wrist portion results in an improved seam sealing. In addition withcoating 22 having a portion which protrudes towardswrist portion 16,seam 14 is sealed over more of its length as compared to the prior art design (see location of point P inFigure 5b and Figure 4b ). Accordingly, a user can immerse theglove 20 deeper into a liquid beforeseam portion 14A not sealed by coating 22 is exposed to the liquid. - In
Figure 6 , a glove according to a fourth embodiment is shown. For the elements known from the previous embodiments, the same reference numerals are being used, and reference is made to the above comments. - Regarding the general structure, the glove according to the fourth embodiment is similar to the glove according to the second embodiment shown in
Figure 3 . The difference is thatback hand panel 12 of the fourth embodiment is provided with apalm extension 28 whereaspalm panel 10 is provided with a correspondingly formedrecess 29 in theback hand panel 12. This results inglove 20 having on the palm side a portion formed from the material ofback hand panel 12. By applying a patch which is slightly smaller thanpalm extension 28, the majority of the surface ofpalm extension 28 can be kept free from coating 22 while at the same time ensuring that the seam used for connectingpalm extension 28 to the edge ofrecess 29 is completely sealed by the coating material. - These shapes of the palm panel and the back hand panel result in a breathable portion on the palm side of the coated glove.
- In
Figure 7a , the pieces are shown from whichpalm panel 10 andback hand panel 12 are composed.Palm panel 10 is composed of afinger piece 30 and ahand piece 32, andback hand panel 12 is composed of afinger piece 34 and twohand pieces -
Finger piece 30 andhand piece 32 are joined by a seam 33 (shown inFigure 7b ). In view of the coating later applied to the glove, no particular provisions regarding waterproofness are necessary forseam 33. -
Finger piece 34 andhand pieces Figure 7b ). As no coating is to be applied to the back hand side of the glove, sealing means 42 are being used for sealingseams 39, namely e.g.seam sealing tapes 42. These can be applied in a simple manner asstraight seams 39 are being used. The advantage of formingpanels - In
Figure 8 , a sixth embodiment is shown. For the elements known from the previous embodiments, the same reference numerals are being used, and reference is made to the above comments. -
Glove 20 according to the sixth embodiment basically corresponds to the embodiment ofFigure 3 , but is provided with anarm portion 50 which acts as an extension ofwrist portion 16. Accordingly,wrist piece 24 and wrist flaps 26 are formed longer and can be termed arm pieces and arm flaps. -
Seam 14 which extends over theentire arm portion 50 towardswrist portion 16 is sealed byseam sealing tapes 42 so as to arrive at a completely waterproof glove. Here again, straight seams are used so thatseam sealing tapes 42 can be applied in a simple manner. - In
Figure 9 , an embodiment similar to the embodiment shown inFigure 8 is depicted. In a manner similar to the first embodiment shown inFigure 2 , asingle seam 14 is being used for connectingpalm panel 10 toback hand panel 12.Wrist seam 15 extends not only alongwrist portion 16 but also alongarm portion 50, and is sealed by means ofseam sealing tape 42, resulting in a completely waterproof glove. - In
Figures 10 to 12 , a particular way of dipping the glove into the liquid coating material contained in acoating bath 60 is shown. The glove formed fromback hand panel 12 andpalm panel 10 joined to each other is being placed on a hand form so as to confer to the glove a three-dimensional shape. The hand form has awrist portion 61 which is provided with a protruding dipping portion 62 (seeFigure 12 ) which maintainswrist seam 15 in a downwardly protruding position such thatseam 15 is dipped deeper intocoating bath 60 than this is the case with a standard hand form. - The protruding portion generally has the shape of a rib which extends along the wrist portion and serves for pushing
seam 15 deeper into the coating bath than adjacent portions of the glove, resulting in a narrow strip-shapedportion 80 ofcoating 22 which extends towards the end ofwrist portion 16. If no rib was provided, the wrist portion of the glove would be completely covered by the coating. - As a result, a longer portion of
seam 15 is covered by coating material.
Claims (16)
- Glove (20) comprising a palm panel (10) and a back hand panel (12), the palm panel (10) and the back hand panel (12) being joined by at least one seam (14, 15) to form the glove (20) having a palm side and a back hand side, the glove (20) being provided at least partially with a coating (22) on one side of the glove (20) which extends partially onto the other side of the glove (20) so as to seal the seam (14, 15) along at least a portion of the length of the seam, wherein the palm panel (10) has a shape which is different from the shape of the back hand panel (12) such that the seam (14, 15) extends partially on that side of the glove (20) provided with the coating.
- The glove of claim 1 wherein the seam (14, 15) extends partially on the palm side of the glove (20) and wherein the coating (22) is provided on the palm side of the glove (20) extending partially onto the back hand panel (12).
- The glove of claim 2 wherein the palm panel (10) and/or the back hand panel (12) comprises a waterproof, breathable material.
- The glove of claim 3 wherein the palm panel (10) comprises a waterproof, breathable material, in particular PTFE and preferably ePTFE.
- The glove of any of the preceding claims wherein the seam (14, 15) extends partially on the back hand side of the glove (20) and wherein the coating (22) is provided on the back hand side of the glove (20) extending partially onto the palm panel (10).
- The glove of any of the preceding claims wherein the coating is a waterproof coating (22) such that the glove (20) is a waterproof, breathable glove.
- The glove (20) of any of the preceding claims wherein the back hand panel (12) or the palm panel (10) comprises at least one wrist flap (26).
- The glove (20) of any of the preceding claims wherein at least one seam (14, 15) is provided in the wrist portion (16).
- The glove (20) of any of the preceding claims wherein the palm panel (10) and the back hand panel (12) are formed of one piece.
- The glove (20) of any of claims 1 to 8 wherein the palm panel (10) and the back hand panel (12) are formed as separate pieces.
- The glove (20) of any of the preceding claims wherein at least one of the palm panel (10) and the back hand panel (12) is composed of at least two pieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 38).
- The glove (20) of any of the preceding claims wherein the back hand panel (12) comprises a palm extension (28) which extends onto the palm side of the glove (20) and fits into a correspondingly formed recess (29) in the palm panel (10).
- The glove (20) of any of the preceding claims wherein an arm portion (50) is provided, the seam (14, 15) being sealed at the arm portion (50) by a sealing means (42), preferably a seam sealing tape (42).
- The glove (20) of any of the preceding claims wherein the coating (22) is a dip coating (60).
- The glove (20) of any of the claims 1 to 14 wherein the coating (22) is an injection-molded coating.
- A method of forming a breathable glove (20), in particular a glove as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the glove (20) is being placed on a hand form, the hand form having a hand portion and a wrist portion (61) on which the glove (20) is placed so as to confer to the glove (20) a three-dimensional shape, the wrist portion (61) of the dipping hand having a protruding dipping portion (62) on the palm side or the back hand side, the glove (20) being dipped into a coating bath (60) when being held on the dipping hand (61) such that a coating (22) is deposited on the glove (20) which covers the seam (14, 15) both on the hand portion of the glove (20) and partially on the wrist portion (16).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12001937.7A EP2641493B1 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2012-03-20 | Breathable dip glove |
PCT/EP2013/055685 WO2013139787A1 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2013-03-19 | Breathable dip glove |
CN201380012042.0A CN104159461B (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2013-03-19 | Respirable dipping gloves |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12001937.7A EP2641493B1 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2012-03-20 | Breathable dip glove |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2641493A1 true EP2641493A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
EP2641493B1 EP2641493B1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
Family
ID=47901114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12001937.7A Not-in-force EP2641493B1 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2012-03-20 | Breathable dip glove |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2641493B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104159461B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013139787A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105725315B (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-02-16 | 世目特种防护用品科技(江苏)有限公司 | Crescent rib collar dipped gloves and its manufacture method |
CN108294382B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2023-05-09 | 上海金枫裕手套有限公司 | Glove structure |
CN112720976A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-30 | 牛文杰 | Uncoated glove mold and manufacturing process thereof |
Citations (7)
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US3953566A (en) | 1970-05-21 | 1976-04-27 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Process for producing porous products |
US4194041A (en) | 1978-06-29 | 1980-03-18 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Waterproof laminate |
US4493870A (en) | 1982-12-02 | 1985-01-15 | Akzo Nv | Flexible layered product |
US4725481A (en) | 1986-10-31 | 1988-02-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Vapor-permeable, waterproof bicomponent structure |
WO2007040692A1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polymer-coated protective garment |
US20100024095A1 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2010-02-04 | David Gellis | Utility glove |
WO2010123828A1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-28 | Poly-Version, Inc. | Protecting eye glass arms during hair dye process, and providing laminated gloves one over the other of the same hand size |
Family Cites Families (5)
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US5700544A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1997-12-23 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Protective covers with water and air impenetrable seams |
KR100786959B1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2007-12-17 | 박찬문 | Sewing gloves and manufacturing method thereof |
KR20070032979A (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2007-03-23 | 박경화 | Single use type heating glove and manufacturing method thereof |
CA2637973C (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2018-02-27 | David Gellis | Utility glove |
IT1392423B1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2012-03-02 | Alpinestars Res Srl | STRUCTURE OF GLOVE, IN PARTICULAR OF MOTORCYCLING, AND METHOD FOR ITS REALIZATION. |
-
2012
- 2012-03-20 EP EP12001937.7A patent/EP2641493B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2013
- 2013-03-19 CN CN201380012042.0A patent/CN104159461B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-19 WO PCT/EP2013/055685 patent/WO2013139787A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3953566A (en) | 1970-05-21 | 1976-04-27 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Process for producing porous products |
US4187390A (en) | 1970-05-21 | 1980-02-05 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Porous products and process therefor |
US4194041A (en) | 1978-06-29 | 1980-03-18 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Waterproof laminate |
US4493870A (en) | 1982-12-02 | 1985-01-15 | Akzo Nv | Flexible layered product |
US4493870B1 (en) | 1982-12-02 | 1997-10-14 | Akzo Nv | Flexible layered product |
US4725481A (en) | 1986-10-31 | 1988-02-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Vapor-permeable, waterproof bicomponent structure |
WO2007040692A1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polymer-coated protective garment |
US20100024095A1 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2010-02-04 | David Gellis | Utility glove |
WO2010123828A1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-28 | Poly-Version, Inc. | Protecting eye glass arms during hair dye process, and providing laminated gloves one over the other of the same hand size |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104159461B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
WO2013139787A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
EP2641493B1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
CN104159461A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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