EP3104455A1 - Dipole-shaped radiator assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

An improved dipole radiator arrangement is characterized, inter alia, by the following features: a second two-line system (21.1b, 21.2b) is provided for the at least one polarization plane (P1, P2), - The second two-line feed system (21.1b, 21.2b) also includes a supply by means of a signal line (27.1b, 27.2b) and by means of a ground line (25.1b, 25.2b), - The second two-line feed system (21.1b, 21.2b) is compared to the first two-line feed system (21.1a, 21.2a) with respect to the two radiator halves (7.1a, 7.1b, 7.2a, 7.2b) such provided that the associated second signal line (27.1b; 27.2b) with the first radiator half (11.1a; 11.2a) and that the associated ground line (25.1b, 25.2b) with the associated second radiator or carrier half (7.1b, 11.1 b; 7.2b, 11.2b) is coupled galvanically or capacitively.

Description

The invention relates to a dipole radiator arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.

Dipole radiators are for example from the Vorveröffentlichungen DE 197 22 742 A such as DE 196 27 015 A known. Such dipole radiators can have a conventional dipole structure in the form of a simple dipole or consist for example of a crossed dipole or a dipole square, etc.

A so-called vector dipole is eg from the pre-publication WO 00/39894 known. Its structure seems to be comparable to a dipole square. However, due to the specific design of the dipole radiator according to this prior publication and the special feed of this dipole radiator acts much like a cross dipole, which radiates in two polarization planes perpendicular to each other. In constructive terms he is formed more square, especially because of its outer contour design.

From the WO 2004/100315 A1 a further embodiment of the above-mentioned vector dipole has become known, in which the surfaces of a respective radiator half of a polarization can be closed to a large extent over the entire surface.

Such dipole radiators are usually fed in such a way that a dipole or radiator half is DC-connected (ie galvanically) to an outer conductor, whereas the inner conductor of a coaxial connecting cable is connected to the second dipole or radiator half in a DC manner (ie in turn galvanically). The feed takes place in each case at the mutually facing end portions of the dipole or radiator halves.

From the WO 2005/060049 A1 It is known to carry out a Außenleiterspeisung by means of a capacitive outer conductor coupling. The support means or the respectively associated half of the support means of the radiator arrangement can therefore also capacitively coupled to ground at its base or at its base to ground or galvanically connected to the reflector and thereby be grounded.

If appropriate, such single- or dual-polarized emitters can also have a very broadband design so that they can transmit and / or receive in different frequency ranges or frequency bands.

Furthermore, such radiators can usually be superimposed in one or more antenna columns. Such antenna arrays can also be controlled, for example using phase shifters, in particular differential phase shifters, with different phase, so that a different down-angle can be set. A possible arrangement using multiple-phase shifters for different setting of a down-tilt angle with corresponding supply of dual-polarized radiators is for example from EP 2 406 851 B1 refer to. In this case, in the case of differential phase shifters each one end of a phase change causing strip line by means of a feed line (coaxial feed line) connected with respect to a polarization plane with an associated dual-polarized radiator, such as a radiator, which at a more vertically oriented antenna column below the center whereas the other end of the same stripline is then connected via a corresponding feed line to a corresponding radiator of the same plane of polarization arranged in an upper half of the antenna array, as is mentioned above EP 2 406 851 B1 can be seen by way of example.

Different embodiments of dipole-shaped antennas or of cross-shaped radiator arrangements are also known from US Pat US 2013/0307743 A1 become known, for example, each radiating in a plane of polarization antenna array is fed via an unbalanced two-line system.

In the illustrated single- or dual-polarized radiators, the feed is usually asymmetrical using a coaxial cable, which thus comprises a cable structure with a signal line and a ground line.

A single-polarized dipole radiator is usually fed by means of a coaxial cable, wherein the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is soldered at the inner end of one of the radiator halves approximately at the level of the radiator halves, ie in particular the dipole halves. The inner conductor is passed over it, to the adjacent inner end of the second radiator half, i. in the specific case of the second dipole half, where the inner conductor forming the signal line is soldered.

In the case of a cross dipole or a vector dipole with a cross-shaped structure (that is to say with two polarization planes perpendicular to one another), a corresponding supply also takes place via a coaxial conductor for each of the two polarization planes, as explained above.

The object of the present invention is now to provide an improved feed structure on the basis of such a prior art.

The object is achieved according to the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

In the context of the present invention, a significantly improved feed structure is created in a surprising manner, which is not only advantageous on its own, but also opens up a number of advantageous application possibilities.

In accordance with the invention, it is provided that when using an asymmetrical feed structure, for example using a coaxial cable, for which at least one plane of polarization is fed twice. In the case of a dual-polarized radiator, in each case a double-feed can be realized for the preferably two polarization planes.

In other words, it is provided within the scope of the invention that a ground conductor is not only galvanically or optionally also capacitively coupled to the one radiator half and the associated signal conductor on the opposite radiator half, but that next to it a second feed structure is provided.

This second radiator structure is basically the same or similar, but the ground conductor of the second feed structure is preferably connected galvanically or capacitively to the inner end of the radiator half to which the signal or inner conductor of the first feed structure is coupled. Conversely, the signal or inner conductor of the second feed structure is continued beyond the ground conductor to the second radiator half belonging to the same plane of polarization and there coupled galvanically or capacitively, ie with the radiator half, in which the ground conductor of the first feed structure is coupled.

If the support device of the dipole radiator is provided with a shielded channel from the inside, in the interior of which an inner or signal conductor can be shielded, then the ground connection to the radiator device can also take place in a region below the actual radiator halves or dipole halves. for example, at the level of the base of the support means of the radiator structure.

In other words, therefore, there is a double feed for one or preferably for each of the two polarization planes, which are generally perpendicular to one another.

This double feed allows, for example, that the same physical radiator for two different frequency ranges can be fed via different upstream phase shifters. This makes it possible in the simplest possible way to operate the same physical radiator, for example in two different frequency bands and adjust these frequency bands via upstream phase shifters differently in their down-tilt range or to change this Absenkwinkel.

This improvement can be realized without additional increase in the required installation space on the reflector back of such a radiator arrangement or such a radiator array. For today's generation of especially intended for mobile antennas is on the back of the usually provided reflector with a variety of components equipped, so that there is hardly any free space left.

The inventively proposed feed structure requires only that from the back of the reflector, via corresponding passages or holes, the corresponding unbalanced lines to the radiator side of the reflector, ie to the so-called front or front side are passed, up to the corresponding coupling points where the signal lines and the ground lines are coupled to the respective radiator halves.

In addition, the invention also opens up the possibility that the aforementioned asymmetrical radiator structure can be implemented in a simple manner not only using coaxial cables, but also using another, two-line feed system, for example in the form of a micro-strip line, a coplanar line arrangement , An assembly using single or multi-layer boards, which are part of the dipole structure and provided on the preferably opposite side to the electrically conductive surface of the support means of the radiator structure and / or the radiator or dipole structure itself with said micro-strip line are once formed as a ground line and once as a signal line.

Figur 1:

eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein einspaltiges Antennenarray unter Darstellung unterschiedlicher, im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendbarer Dipol-Strahler;

Figur 2:

eine ausschnittsweise vereinfachte räumliche Darstellung eines einfach polarisierten Dipol-Strahlers, wie er im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendet werden kann;

Figuren 3a bis 3c:

drei vereinfachte Darstellungen in Seitenansicht, räumlicher Darstellung bzw. in Draufsicht bezüglich eines ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiels;

Figuren 4a bis 4c:

drei weitere Darstellungen zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figuren 3a bis 3c bezüglich eines leicht abgewandelten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiels;

Figuren 5a bis 5e:

zwei räumliche Darstellungen, eine Seitendarstellung, eine Draufsicht und eine weitere räumliche Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen kreuzförmigen Dipol-Strahlers mit erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen jeweils zwei Speisesystemen pro Polarisationsebene;

Figuren 6a bis 6d:

ein zu dem vorausgegangenen Ausführungsbeispiel ähnliches Ausführungsbeispiel in unterschiedlichen Darstellungen mit größer dimensionierten Trägerplatten für die jeweils beiden Speisesysteme pro Polarisationsebene zur Unterbringung weiterer Funktionsteile;

Figuren 7a bis 7c:

zwei räumliche Darstellungen und eine Seitendarstellung eines abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiels mit jeweils zwei Speisesystemen pro Polarisationsebene unter Verwendung eines Vektordipols; und

Figur 8:

eine räumliche Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Doppel-Anordnung zweier Vektordipole einer gemeinsamen Trägerplatte.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. In detail:

FIG. 1:

a schematic plan view of a single-column antenna array showing different, dipole emitters usable in the invention;

FIG. 2:

a partial simplified spatial representation of a simple polarized dipole radiator, as it can be used in the invention;

FIGS. 3a to 3c:

three simplified representations in side view, spatial representation and in plan view with respect to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 4a to 4c:

three further illustrations of the embodiment according to FIGS. 3a to 3c with respect to a slightly modified embodiment according to the invention;

FIGS. 5a to 5e:

two spatial representations, a side view, a plan view and another spatial representation of a cross-shaped dipole radiator according to the invention with inventively provided in each case two feed systems per polarization plane;

FIGS. 6a to 6d:

an embodiment similar to the previous embodiment in different representations with larger-sized carrier plates for the two feed systems per polarization plane to accommodate further functional parts;

FIGS. 7a to 7c:

two spatial representations and a page representation of a modified embodiment with two feed systems per polarization plane using a vector dipole; and

FIG. 8:

a spatial representation of a double arrangement according to the invention of two vector dipoles a common carrier plate.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an antenna array, that is shown in the concrete, a single-column antenna array 1, which is usually mounted extending in the vertical direction.

This antenna array 1 comprises a reflector 3, which in a vertical plan view in FIG FIG. 1 is shown.

In the vertical or longitudinal direction V of the antenna array 1 are generally mounted at equidistant intervals A radiator 5 (distance A between two neighboring in the V direction centers of two radiators).

In the presentation according to FIG. 1 For example, two single-polarized radiators 5a arranged at a distance from one another in the direction V are reproduced, whose two dipole radiator halves 7.1a and 7.1b are aligned transversely and in particular perpendicular to the vertical or longitudinal direction V. This is an associated, vertical to the reflector plane RE extending polarization plane P1 defined in FIG. 1 is shown in dashed lines and perpendicular to the reflector plane RE and thus perpendicular to the plane.

Offset from the two simple-polarized radiators 5a mentioned above, only a dipole-shaped cross-radiator 5b is shown for clarity, and a so-called vector radiator 5c is again offset, having two polarization planes P1 and P2 oriented perpendicular to one another. An equally usable dipole square is not shown for clarity, but could be used as well.

While the radiators 5a are simply polarized dipole radiators, the in FIG. 1 represented Dipolkreuz 5b and the vector dipole 5c in two mutually perpendicular polarization planes P1 and P2 send and / or can receive, as well as, for example, in a correspondingly aligned dipole square.

The actual radiator elements, i. the dipole halves 7.1a and 7.1b with singly polarized radiators and the radiator halves 7.1a, 7.1b and 7.2a, 7.2b in dual polarized radiators usually extend at a distance from the reflector 3 in parallel alignment with the reflector plane RE.

The different radiators are only examples in FIG. 1 to clarify that an antenna array 1 using a variety of Emitters 5a, 5b and / or 5c may be constructed, ie using emitters of the same type or of emitters of different design. The structures can thus be different, whereby differently shaped radiators can be used, which radiate in different bands. In particular, when using vector emitters 5c, these can be designed in a very broadband fashion so that they can transmit and / or receive in at least two or even several mutually offset frequency bands.

In FIG. 2 is a corresponding spatial representation of the in FIG. 1 shown antenna array, but only under a simplified view of a simple dipole radiator 5a, which radiates only in a polarization plane P1.

Such dipole-shaped radiators usually have a carrier 11 which, in the case of a dipole radiator 2, comprises carrier halves 11.1a and 11.1b which extend from the reflector plane RE of the reflector 3 to the level of the dipole halves 7.1a and 7.1b extending laterally away from one another, and Although with the formation of a slot provided therebetween 13.1, which can also be referred to as Symmetrierungsschlitz 13.1 in the case of a dipole.

The dipole halves 7.1a and 7.1b are separated from each other at the level of the radiators via the mentioned slot 13.1, and thus have adjacent to each other so-called inner Strahlerendabschnitte 107, ie 107.1a and 107.1b and removes lying lying outwards pointing Strahlerendabschnitte 117.1a and 117.1b, which are also referred to below as outer Strahlerendabschnitte 117.1a, 117.1b.

Such a dipole or generally dipole radiator may be made of a conductive metal, such as a casting. As will be shown later, a corresponding dipole, for example a crossed dipole, may also consist of a sheet metal part or be made of a sheet metal part which can be shaped accordingly by tilting, punching, edging and / or bending. Likewise, however, such dipole radiators can also be made, for example, using a dielectric, e.g. be formed in the form of a single or multi-layer board or using a corresponding board material, which at least on one side, i. the front or the back is covered with a metallized layer. Preferably, the entire surface is metallized accordingly.

The slot 13.1 extends, as mentioned, almost over the entire height of the dipole or may deviate in the illustrated embodiment FIG. 2 a lying below the reflector 3, the two carrier halves 11.1a and 11.1b connecting connecting web 15.1, whereby the entire common base 17 of the carrier 11.1 and thus the base 17 of the radiator 5 is formed. This connecting web 15.1 is one of the possible variants in FIG. 2 drawn only by dashed lines, since the radiator halves 7.1a and 7.1b can also extend to the reflector plane RE through the slot 13 separately.

How out FIG. 2 can basically be seen, the connection of the underside of the carrier 11.1 or the carrier halves 11.1a, 11.1b with or without additional connecting web 15.1 (ie generally the common or separate base 17.1) preferably be realized by means of a galvanic contacting with the conductive reflector 3 , But also possible here is the formation of a capacitive connection. If an insulating intermediate layer between the base 17, so the bottom of the base 17 (with or without in FIG. 2 shown connecting web 15.1) and the electrically conductive reflector layer is provided, thereby generating a capacitive coupling of the respective radiator on the reflector 3. In other words, a capacitive or, if necessary, a galvanic connection to the reflector can be provided here on the base 17 of the carrier 11.

The statements made above generally apply generally to other dual-polarized radiator types, for example for the above-mentioned cross radiator 5b and, above all, also for the vector dipole 5c.

In the area of the dipoles 7.1a and 7.1b, the feed height or the eating plane SpE is usually provided, which in FIG. 2 is shown in dashed form, this plane is parallel to the reflector plane RE. In this feed height or feed level, the feeding of the transmission signals or the received signals, which is explained in detail below, usually takes place. In this case, the feed can certainly be provided in a certain range even below the height range in which the dipole or radiator halves 7.1a, 7.1b are formed.

The radiator height H with respect to the reflector plane RE and thus more or less the length of the slot 13.1 generally correspond to a value of about λ / 4. However, the radiator height and / or the slot length should preferably not fall below a value of λ / 10. In principle, there is no restriction upwards, so that the radiator height could basically be an arbitrary multiple of λ (especially since a radiator has a radiation diagram even without a reflector). λ preferably represents a wavelength from the frequency band to be transmitted, preferably in a middle frequency of the band to be transmitted. If it is a broadband radiator transmitting two or more frequency bands, the value of λ should preferably be a mean size of the entire frequency band range from the lowest to the highest value of the different frequency bands.

In the following, the feeding of the dipole is explained in more detail.

In FIG. 3a is a schematic side view, in FIG. 3b in spatial view and in Figure 3c in plan view a section of the dipole radiator 7.1 according to FIG. 1 and 2 reproduced, namely with its two carrier halves 11.1a, 11.1b and the lower connecting web 15, without the running away at the upper end of the carrier 11.1 dipole or radiator halves 7.1a, 7.1b, the only in FIG. 3a are indicated.

Such a dipole radiator is fed as a rule asymmetrically, using a Two-line feed 21.1, 21.1a, for example in the form of a single-ended coaxial cable 121.1a, which passed from the bottom or back of the reflector 3 via a recess or bore in the reflector 3 on the radiator side and then along a carrier half, for example, the support half 11.1a in the direction of the upper end of the carrier 11.1 is guided running.

The upper end of the ground conductor 25.1, in the case of a coaxial cable 125a in the form of an outer conductor 125.1a, can be capacitively and preferably galvanically connected, in particular by soldering, to the electrically conductive surface of the adjacent carrier half 11a, ie, for example at a ground feeding point 126.1a. Usually, the outer conductor of the in FIGS. 3a to 3c shown coaxial cable 125.1 still surrounded by an insulating outer sheath, which leads to the vicinity of the feed point 126.1a, where the then exposed outer conductor is soldered to the upper end of the carrier of the radiator. This insulating outer sheath is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity.

Under the above-described embodiment of the carrier 11.1 with the two carrier halves 11.1a and 11.1b and the above-mentioned carrier halves separating slot 13 between the carrier base and the reflector existing short circuit in an idle dipole height (about λ / 4 height compared to Reflector level) transformed, which sets the desired balun effect. λ represents, however, as a rule and preferably the mean wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted.

In the coaxial ground line 25.1, i. In the outer conductor 125.1a, the signal line 27.1 extends, here in the form of an inner conductor 127.1a of the coaxial cable 121.1a, wherein the inner conductor is also passed over the slot 13 and capacitively or galvanically connected to the opposite portion of the other dipole or radiator half 7.1b. In the illustrated embodiment, the connection should be done galvanically, for example by means of soldering. In other words, the signal coupling takes place via the signal line here in the form of the inner conductor 27.1a at a signal feed point 128.1b at the top and inner region of the second carrier half 11b.

In other words, spaced and remote from the reflector 3 in the region or in the vicinity of the open end of the slot 13 in a region adjacent to the two mutually facing, ie inner Strahlerendabschnitten, so the so-called inner Strahlerendabschnitten 107.1a and 107.1b the supply performed there at dining outlets or points 126.1a and 128.1b performed by the signal conductor 27.1a is galvanically or capacitively connected to one feed point 126.1a of the ground conductor 25.1a and at the other feed point 126.1b.

The previously explained construction using only one feed system 21.1a would correspond to the prior art.

But how about the FIGS. 3a to 3c is also apparent, is within the scope of the invention to the same radiator or dipole 5 is still a second feed 21.1b provided, which is formed exactly opposite to the first.

Because according to the illustrated embodiment, the second two-line feed 21.1b may be provided, for example in the form of another coaxial cable 121.1b, which, for example, on the second carrier half 11.1b from the back of the reflector via a bore in the outer or inner reflector in the upper direction End of the carrier 11.1 is designed to extend. In this case too, the associated ground conductor 25.1b in the form of the associated outer conductor 125.1b is in turn capacitively or galvanically connected to the associated carrier 11.1b in the region of the overhead feed point 126.1b and thus capacitively or galvanically connected to the associated dipole or radiator half 7.1b , Also in this case again the signal line 27.1b, here in the form of the inner conductor 127.1b, over the slot 13 away in the reverse direction to the inner conductor 127.1a of the first two-line feed 21.1a to the opposite portion of the carrier half 11.1a and thus formed to the inner feed point 128.1a on the inner Strahlerendabschnitt 107.1a of the associated dipole or radiator half 7.1a extending and connected there galvanically or capacitively.

By such a construction, the same radiator 5 can be operated, for example, in two different frequency ranges, wherein the one frequency band in the transmitting and / or receiving direction via the one two-line feed 21.1a, here in the form of coaxial cable 121.1a, and another Two-line feed 21.1b, for example, for a second frequency range over the second coaxial cable 121.1b can take place. The peculiarity is that the two coaxial cables 121.1a and 121.1b can be preceded by different phase adjustment devices, for example in the form of phase shifters and in particular differential phase shifters, so that the different frequency ranges that transmit and receive via the same radiators 5 are different and different from each other separate down-tilt angles can be easily adjusted.

In the variant according to FIGS. 3a to 3c are the coaxial cables 121.1a, 121.1b arranged with their ground or outer conductors and their inner or signal conductors on the same side of the associated dipole or radiator 5, for example on the in the FIGS. 3a and 3b Therefore, the two outer conductors 125.1a and 125.1b terminate in slightly different height H1 or H2 with respect to the reflector plane RE, ie the underside of the base 17.1, so that the lines can be mounted without collision.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 4a to 4c For example, the two-line coaxial feed system 21.1a is formed on the first or front side 31 of the steerer or dipole preferably perpendicular to the reflector plane RE, whereas the second two-line feed device 21.1b is formed on the opposite second or rear side 32 of the dipole or radiator 5 is formed, that is, in plan view of a, about a leading through the center of the radiator and perpendicular to the reflector plane RE central axis rotated by 180 ° alignment and arrangement. In this case, therefore, are the feed points 126.1a and 126.1b for the ground or outer conductor of the two coaxial cables 121.1a and 121.1b and the feed points 128.1b and 128.1a for the inner or signal conductors 27.1a, 27.1b usually at the same height level H1, although here a certain height difference would be quite possible ,

Hereinafter, another embodiment of the hand FIGS. 5a to 5e explained.

In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to the figures initially explained, this embodiment is a cross-shaped dipole radiator 5b which transmits and receives in two mutually perpendicular polarization planes P1 and P2.

The further difference to the previous embodiment is that the unbalanced two-line system 21.1 and 21.1b is realized not by means of coaxial cable 121, but by using microstrip lines 221 (strip lines).

Already at this point it is noted that even in the embodiment with a dual-polarized emitter after FIGS. 5a to 5e for each of the two polarization planes P1, P2 could be fed by means of a two-line system 21.1 or 21.2, using coaxial cables 121, as explained with reference to the preceding embodiment. In the same way, the two-line feed system 21.1 and 21.2 explained below for one or both polarization planes P1, P2, as well as in the preceding explained embodiment, could not be carried out using coaxial cables 212, but using microstrip lines 221, as at all different feed line systems in particular unbalanced feed line systems are basically possible.

From the FIGS. 5a to 5e It can be seen that the cross-shaped radiator 5b comprises two perpendicular dipoles 7.1 and 7.2, each with two in the associated plane of polarization P1, P2 dipole or radiator halves 7.1a, 7.1b and 7.2a, 7.2b, wherein the polarization planes P1 , P2, as in the first embodiment also, are aligned perpendicular to the reflector plane RE according to the design of the radiator. The two polarization planes P1 and P2 intersect at the center of the radiators such that the two dipole halves 7.1a, 7.1b lie in the first polarization plane P1 and the two perpendicular radiator or dipole halves 7.2a, 7.2b in the second polarization plane P2.

Each of the carriers 11.1 and 11.2 lying parallel to the planes of polarization P1, P2 with the associated carrier halves 11.1a and 11.1b or 11.2a, 11.2b can be made of metal or metal plates, in particular of one or more assembled sheet metal parts. It is also possible that these carriers are formed, for example, from printed circuit board material, ie from a dielectric, wherein at least one and preferably both of the opposite side surfaces are coated with an electrically conductive layer, which are preferably galvanically connected to one another.

The paired carrier halves 11.1a, 11.1b and 11.2a, 11.2b, which are perpendicular to each other with respect to both polarization planes P1, P2, can be mounted and / or held on a common base 17, with which they are preferably also electrically connected , Via a provided for example in the middle of the base 17 bore 18 then the base as well as the radiator can be connected in total galvanic or capacitive as explained with an electrically conductive reflector, whereby it is electrically connected and mechanically held accordingly.

The two feed systems are basically similar and similar to the previous embodiment.

In the variant according to the FIGS. 5a to 5e can the connection of a ground line 25 (as generally based on FIGS. 3a and 3b already described), ie in the present case the connection of a ground line 25.1a, 25.1b or 25.2a, 25.2b, for example via the galvanic connection of the lower end of the carrier 11, ie the respective carrier halves 11.1a, 11.1b and 11.2a , 11.2b not only directly, but also, for example, via the electrically conductive base 17 with the reflector 3 and / or via a separate ground connection cable done (in the FIGS. 5a to 5e not shown). Otherwise, via a corresponding line connection from the back of the reflector 3 through a corresponding hole, a galvanic or capacitive connection of the ground line, for example, in the vicinity of the upper portions of a carrier half 11.1a, 11.1b and 11.2a, 11.2b, as described by FIGS. 3a to 4c explained.

The in the embodiment according to FIGS. 5a to 5e respectively provided two signal lines 27.1a, 27.1b and 27.2a, 27.2b (of which, due to the illustration, only the signal lines located on one side of the carrier halves 27.1a and 27.2a are visible) are in this embodiment preferably each as a micro-strip -Leitung (ie as a strip line) 221.a, 221b and 221.2a, 221.2b formed, so as a conductor on a corresponding dielectric 128, for example in the form of a printed circuit board material 128, which thus serves as a substrate or support, here in specific as a support plate.

The design of the respective ground line 25.1a, 25.1b and 25.2a, 25.2b in microstrip form 221.1a, 221.1b or 221.2a, 221.2b designed in a lateral plan view in the manner of an inverted L or approximately L-shaped designed, with the associated support or the substrate 128 may be designed with appropriate shape but need not.

This printed circuit board material 128 with the microstrip feed or signal line 27.1, 27.2 thereon is in each case parallel to the actual plate-shaped carrier 11, ie the respective carrier half 11.1 or 11.2, for each polarization P1 or P2, for each polarization in FIG Form of the carrier half 11.1a, 11.1b or 11.2a, 11.2b adjacent or provided at a small distance. In this case, the electrically conductive surface of the carrier 11 serves as a ground surface for by the Thickness of substrate 128 spaced microstrip trace. In other words, therefore, the signal lines 27.1a, 27.1b and 27.2a, 27.2b are preferably respectively facing outward on the associated non-conductive surface of the carrier 11.

Alternatively and additionally, an associated ground surface may be formed on the immediate, opposite rear side of the substrate 128 for forming the microstrip interconnects, which is preferably separated from the ground plane of the carrier halves with the interposition of a dielectric film or with the interposition of an air gap.

The structure is, for example, for the polarization P1 such that the corresponding in the form of an inverted L approximate support structure is positioned in the form of the carrier 128 with the conductor thereon 127.1a in abutment on one side 31 of the associated carrier halves, for the first feed system 21.1a. The second feed system 21.1b provided for the same polarization plane is preferably arranged on the opposite side of the same carrier half, so that the feed is in each case formed inversely for each polarization, as described with reference to FIG FIGS. 4a to 4c for a coaxial cable feed.

Accordingly, the feed takes place in microstrip form for the second polarization P2, so that two feed systems 21.1a, 21.1b and 21.2a, 21.2b for the first polarization plane P1 and two feed systems for the second polarization plane P2 are present.

In this case, the respective plate-shaped dielectric support (substrate) 128 preferably has a tongue 128a protruding at the lower end, wherein the signal or conductor track 27.1a, 27.1b, 27.2a, 27.2b provided on the plate-shaped dielectric support 128 extends into the region of projecting tongue 128a is formed extending. In this case, the respective conductor track 27 terminates preferably in the region of this protruding tongue 128a, which preferably protrudes in the mounted state via a bore or recess in the reflector 3 from the radiator or front side to the rear side of the reflector, so that there the corresponding end 27th 'of the signal conductor 27.1a, 27.1b and 27.2a, 27.2b can be connected to a corresponding feed network (usually by soldering). The signal line in the form of the conductor path thus runs parallel to the underlying conductor track carrier section in the form of the mentioned dielectric 128 from the tongue 128a to the level of the overhead dipole or radiator section 7.1, 7.1b and 7.2a, 7.2b, then in a at right angles to this extending line section, which ends in the region of the opposite dipole or radiator half in parallel alignment thereto. In each case, this results in a capacitive coupling between the section of the microstrip line 221.1a, 221.1b or 221.2a, 221.2b, which is routed via the slot 13, for the two polarization planes. In these areas, the corresponding signal conductor feed point 126.1a, 128.1b, 126.1b, 128.1a for the one polarization plane P1 and the signal conductor feed point 126.2a, 128.2b or 126.2b, 128.2a for the other polarization plane P2 is then also quasi given.

The corresponding connection of the respective second feed system for the first and second polarization plane takes place in a plan view perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to FIG. 5d (ie parallel to the central axis Z lying centrally) by 180 ° in an identical manner (the central axis Z being perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG FIG. 5d runs). That is, the two second signal lines of the second feed system extend on the respectively opposite and also outwardly facing sides of the respective other carrier portion, from its lower connection point to the level of the overhead dipole or radiator half. From there, they preferably extend at right angles to the opposite dipole radiator section and the coupling surface provided there.

Instead of a capacitive connection but could also be realized here a galvanic connection between the signal conductor and the associated dipole and radiator half.

If the side of the carrier 11 opposite the feed line 27 is generally metallized over the entire surface to produce the desired microstrip lines and thus electrically conductive, then this ground surface can extend into the area of the tongue 128a (also there on the rear side to the end 27 '). the feed line 21) run, in order to then also be connected to ground at the appropriate point below the reflector plane RE, ie on the back of the reflector or in the region of the reflector itself.

In principle, the microstrip lines could also be formed on the side of the substrate 128 facing the associated support section 11.1 or 11.2 of the associated dipole or radiator half, if in particular between this microstrip line and the associated ground plane of the carrier 11.1, 11.2 or the dipole or radiator surface nor an insulating intermediate layer is provided.

In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, a double feed system is provided for each polarization plane P1 and P2. The two feed lines for both polarization levels can end at about the same height.

As can be seen from the variants, for example, the first two feed systems for the one polarization plane P1 at a height H1 and the perpendicular thereto two further feed systems for the perpendicular polarization plane at a small distance deeper lying with their horizontally from a dipole Radiator half to the opposite dipole radiator half extending line portion formed so that here the two overhead, usually parallel to the reflector plane extending interconnects in the vertical distance from each other without contact can cross.

The explained with reference to the first embodiment double feed system using unbalanced coaxial cables could also be realized in a Kreuzdipol, as with reference to the second Embodiment of the micro-strip lines is shown.

For the sake of completeness, it is also mentioned that, in particular when the double feed system is designed for at least one and preferably both polarization planes perpendicular to one another, it is also possible to provide matching structures particularly easily and simply by different design and shaping of the microstrip signal lines Filter structures can be formed. Corresponding adaptations and / or filter structures F are only indicated in the figures.

In the basically similar third embodiment according to the FIGS. 6a to 6e Furthermore, it is shown that the corresponding dielectric carrier plates, that is to say the substrate 128 on which the microstrip lines 221.1a, 221.1b for the one polarization plane P1 or 221.2a, 221.2b for the second polarization plane P2 are formed, are made even larger can be and still offer more space to realize larger-sized filter structures F and / or matching circuits F.

This makes it possible, for example, already in the field of emitters form duplex structures to the signal paths for feeding the transmit signal in the dipole and / or radiator halves 5a, 5b and the receive signals received via this frequency-selectively forwarded to a separate transmission path in the downstream receiving systems.

It should already be noted at this point that, quite similarly to the exemplary embodiment explained above, a vector dipole made from one or more sheet-metal parts can also be manufactured in the form of stamped parts, which is designed according to the invention. It is so far only exemplary of the pre-published DE 20 2005 015 708 U1 referred, from which a deartiger structure is basically to be taken as known. The signal or feed line to be taken there can then likewise be realized again in quasi double execution.

Based on FIGS. 7a to 7c a further embodiment is shown in exploded view, namely for a vector dipole 5, which basically has a cross-shaped radiator structure.

The vector dipole can basically have a shape as they are only exemplary and in principle from the WO 2008/022703 A1 or the WO 2005/060049 A1 or one of the above-described and mentioned prior publications is dealt with.

From this it is known that vector dipoles also radiate and receive in two mutually perpendicular planes of polarization P1 and P2, wherein the mutually perpendicular polarization planes each extend through the diagonal through a vector dipole. The two radiator halves provided for each plane of polarization are taken to be more square in plan view or approximate to a square of the basic structure.

The support 11 here consists of four support quadrants 11.1a, 11.1b, 11.2a, 11.2b, which are arranged lying in plan view about the central central axis Z offset by 90 °. In each case, two adjacent carrier quadrants are separated from one another by a slot 13 extending from the base upwards and thus almost over the entire height of the beam. In other words, the carrier quadrants are connected to one another only via their underlying base 17, which extends only in a small partial height. It is also possible that the individual Trägerquadranten separated from each other directly electrically or capacitively electrically connected to the electrically conductive reflector and are mechanically fixed there.

Each extending in the diagonal direction, ie congruent to two mutually perpendicular polarization planes P1, P2 are formed from the center Z outwardly extending U-shaped wall portions 43, the U-shaped connecting web facing outward, so that the four thus formed, in plan view to 90th ° offset U-shaped pocket-shaped receiving areas 45 converge in the middle to a common central space 46 or are connected thereto. In the illustrated receiving areas 45, the signal or feed lines 27 are described below in detail housed.

It can also be seen from the illustrations that each of the U-shaped pockets in plan view (which are closed to the outside and converge in the central central area to form a common space 46) are still separated from one another by a respective central partition wall 47 are. This partition is externally connected to the bottom-shaped web of the U-shaped receiving areas 45 in the illustrated embodiment. The opposite inwardly to the center indicative boundary edges of this partition 47 terminate at a distance from each other, so that there again the mentioned common central interior 46 is formed.

The mentioned space in the individual, through the partitions 47 still subdivided chambers is dimensioned so that the illustrated in the drawings each two feed systems for each of the two polarization planes can be introduced by a dielectric 128 can be inserted with thereon feed line for each polarization plane ,

For this purpose, the respective two feed systems for both polarization planes P1 and P2, as explained with reference to the preceding two exemplary embodiments, are preferably plate-shaped, wherein the signal lines are formed as micro-strip lines which run on corresponding dielectric carriers or substrates 128.

Thus, for example, a support or substrate plate 128.1 can be used for one polarization plane P1 in one of the subdivided U-shaped pockets, whereas the second support or substrate plate 128.2 belonging to the same plane of polarization is rotated through 180 ° into the center Z opposite to the one other side of the partition wall 47 formed chamber can be inserted.

The same applies to the two further carrier or substrate plates 128 with the signal lines formed thereon for the second polarization plane. In other words, in each case two carrier or substrate plates 128 oriented in the same parallel position with the two counter-rotating (ie in the sense of a 180 ° rotation), twisted over the central axis Z interact with one another in order to produce a polarization plane P1 as well for the second polarization plane P2 in each case two unbalanced feed systems available.

Furthermore, the respective horizontal line sections, which terminate in the corresponding coupling sections, are arranged at a slightly different height for the one polarization plane than the two horizontal coupling and line sections with respect to the two further feed systems for the other polarization plane, so that in principle a structural design results, as it was made clear in itself with reference to the two preceding embodiments.

For example, in the variant according to FIGS. 7a to 7c also shown that of the electrically conductive support 11 on its underside, preferably with respect to each of the two provided for each polarization plane P1, P2 carrier halves, a the galvanic ground connection serving terminal stub 525 on the underside of the base preferably protrudes perpendicular thereto. A coaxial, preferably galvanic connection to a ground line not shown in detail or a ground connection can preferably be made on the underside of the reflector via this connection stub. For this purpose, the connection stub 525 serving for the ground connection would be inserted through corresponding bores through the reflector. It is also shown in the figures that for each of the four signal lines signal connection coupler 701 can be used, which can be plugged with suitable training directly on the counter to the beam direction of the radiator downwardly extending, free-ended signal lines.

Based on the variant according to FIG. 8 In principle, a double system is shown. In this case, for example, two dipole-shaped vector radiators 5c, which radiate in two polarization planes P1 and P2, are arranged on a common carrier plate 63 at a distance from one another.

The vector dipoles therefore have respective receiving pockets 45 extending inward diagonally from the center Z, in each case diagonally to the approximately square outer contour of the vector radiator, in each of which the respective plate-shaped carrier (plate-shaped substrate or dielectric) passes into the two for each polarization plane P1 and P2 the partitions 47 can be used separate chambers. On each of these four plate-shaped substrates 128, the illustrated signal line 27.1a, 27.1b, 27.2a, 27.2b is formed in each case on one side in the form of a microstrip line 221, so that for each polarization plane P1 and P2 two feed systems 21.1 and 21.2 are provided.

In this variant, it is noted that for each polarization plane, only a single substrate is provided could be, on one side of the micro-strip line 227 is formed for the one feed system and on the opposite second side of the micro-strip line for each further feed with the same polarization with the associated signal line. To realize a capacitive feed, it merely has to be ensured that the microstrip lines 227 are galvanically isolated from the adjacent wall sections of the pocket-shaped receiving areas 45, for example by a corresponding insulating intermediate layer, etc.

The individual substrates, i. the plate-shaped carrier 128 is designed for the two polarizations such that their upper coupling section extending across the respective slot 13 is provided at different altitudes A1 and A2 for the two polarizations, so that the corresponding micro-strip line sections intersect with respect to the two polarization planes can.

Claims (14)

Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement with the following features the dipole-shaped radiator arrangement comprises at least one radiator (5a, 5b, 5c) with at least two radiator halves (7.1a, 7.1b, 7.2a, 7.2b), over which the dipole radiator arrangement radiates in at least one polarization plane (P1, P2), The at least two radiator halves (7.1a, 7.1b, 7.2a, 7.2b) are arranged and / or held in front of an electrically conductive reflector (3) via a carrier (11, 11.1a, 11.1b, 11.2a, 11.2b) . - The carrier comprises per polarization (P1, P2) two carrier halves (11.1a, 11.1b, 11.2a, 11.2b), which are separated by a running between them slot (13.1, 13.2), which extends over the entire height of the dipole-shaped Radiator (5a, 5b, 5c) or up to a formed on the support foot and the two carrier halves (11.1a, 11.1b; 11.2a, 11.2b) connecting connecting web (15) between the two carrier halves (11a, 11b) extends, - The two radiator halves (7.1a, 7.1b, 7.2a, 7.2b) are fed via a single-ended two-line system (21) with a ground line (25.1a; 25.2a) and a signal line (27.1a, 27.2a) in which the Ground line (25.1a, 25.2a) in the region of a first radiator or carrier half (7.1a, 11.1a, 7.2a, 11.2a) with this radiator or carrier half (7.1a, 11.1a, 7.2a, 11.2a) galvanic or capacitively coupled and the signal line (27.1a, 27.2a) over the slot (13) across to the first radiator or carrier half (27.1a; 27.2a) opposite second radiator half (7.1b, 7.2b) out and there galvanic or capacitively coupled to this radiator half (7.1b, 7.2b), characterized by the following further features: a second two-line system (21.1b, 21.2b) is provided for the at least one polarization plane (P1, P2), - The second two-line feed system (21.1b, 21.2b) also includes a supply by means of a signal line (27.1b, 27.2b) and by means of a ground line (25.1b, 25.2b), - The second two-line feed system (21.1b, 21.2b) is compared to the first two-line feed system (21.1a, 21.2a) with respect to the two radiator halves (7.1a, 7.1b, 7.2a, 7.2b) such provided that the associated second signal line (27.1b; 27.2b) with the first radiator half (11.1a; 11.2a) and that the associated ground line (25.1b, 25.2b) with the associated second radiator or carrier half (7.1b, 11.1 b; 7.2b, 11.2b) is coupled galvanically or capacitively. Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that for the at least one polarization plane (P1, P2) or for both polarization planes (P1, P2) the two-line feed system (21.1a, 21.1b; 21.2a, 21.2b) is designed as an asymmetrical two-line feed system (21.1a, 21.1b, 21.2a, 21.2b). Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two-line feed system (21.1a, 21.1b; 21.2a, 21.2b) comprises or consists of coaxial cable (121.1a, 121.1b; 121.2a, 121.2b). Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two-line feed system (21.1a, 21.1b; 21.2a, 21.2b) microstrip lines or unbalanced strip lines (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) includes or consists of. Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that only the signal line (27.1a, 27.1b; 27.2a, 27.2b) is in the form of a stripline or microstrip line on the associated carrier (11.1a, 11.1b; 11.2a, 11.2b) runs and that the coupling of mass at the foot of the carrier (11.1a, 11.1b, 11.2a, 11.2b) is provided. Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the strip line or the microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) on a relative to the carrier (11) separate substrate (128), preferably in the form of a plate-shaped Substrate (128) is formed. Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the strip line or the Microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b, 221.2a, 221.2b) is arranged in each case on the side of the associated substrate (128), which faces away from the carrier (11.1a, 11.1b, 11.2a, 11.2b). A dipole radiator arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the strip line or the microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) is respectively arranged on the side of the associated substrate (128) which corresponds to the support (11.1a, 11.1b, 11.2a, 11.2b), with the formation of an insulating spacing between stripline or microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b, 221.2a, 221.2b) and the adjacently extending support (11.1a, 11.1b; 11.2a, 11.2b) and / or with the interposition of a further insulating layer or a further insulating substrate. Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to one of Claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the strip line or the microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) extends from the support foot into the vicinity of the upper side of the associated radiator halves (7.1a, 7.1 7.2a, 7.2b) and from there into a line overcut passing over the slot (13.1, 13.2), which merges into a coupling section capacitively or galvanically coupled to the associated radiator half (11.1a, 11.2a). Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to one of Claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the substrate (128) receiving the strip line or the microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) is so is formed large, that there are further formed with the stripline or the microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) forming structures including filter structures. Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least one radiator consists of or comprises a simple dipole radiator (5a), a cross-shaped radiator (5b) or a vector radiator (5c). Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 11 in conjunction with at least one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the simple dipole radiator (5a) or the cross-shaped radiator (5b) plate-shaped carrier or per polarization plane (P1, P2) two carrier halves (11; , 11.1b, 11.2a, 11.2b), to which the plate-shaped substrate (128) provided with the stripline or the microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) is arranged in parallel. Dipole-shaped radiator arrangement according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the vector radiator (5c) in the region of the mutually perpendicular two polarization planes (P1, P2) with outwardly closed and open towards the center of the radiator, in plan view U-shaped and pocket-shaped designed receiving areas (45) is equipped, in which plate-shaped substrates (128) for the signal line formed there (27.1a, 27.1b, 27.2a, 27.2b) are arranged. Dipole radiator arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that the U-shaped and pocket-shaped designed receiving areas (45) having a central partition wall (47), so that in each of the thereby separated U-shaped pocket-shaped receiving areas in each case a substrate (128) with associated stripline or microstrip line (221.1a, 221.1b; 221.2a, 221.2b) is provided as signal line (27.1a, 27.1b; 27.2a, 27.2b).

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