US1065370A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

I'. JOHNSTON & `0. E. KELLUM.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED DEO. 9, 1912.

Patented June 24, 1918.

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UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE.

FRED JOHNSTON; 0Fy LOS ANGELES, AND ORLANDO E. KELLM, 0F vLONG'BEACH,

CALIFORNIA.

CARBURETER.

Application filed December 9, 1912. Serial No. 735,832.

To all wkomz't may concern:

Be it known that we, .FRED JOHNSTON` heated so that it may more readily vaporize, thus providing lfor the use of heavier.

liquid fuel than isordinarily-the case and providing for efficient and quick starting when the liquid fuel is cold. v

Heretofore great diificulty perienced in the use of petroleum distillates heavier than gasolene; largely because' of difficulty in obtaining free -vaponization of the liquid. We propose to suitably heat the liquid fuel to a temperature depending upon the temperature at which freev vaporlzatlon takes place, so that a'suiiicient amountvof vapor is obtained to form anjexplosivemixture with the air passing through the carbureter. Preferably, the .heating arrangement is controlled by a thermostat which will maintain the temperature at an even degree; but in some aspects our invention will consist in the combination of an elecv tricalheating device with a carbureter as will be hereinafter Set forth.

We have shown in the accompanying drawing the preferred form or forms of our device, typifying thereby' other equivalent arrangements which may be used without depart-ing from the scope of our invention.

`In these drawings Figure 1 is a vertical' section of our complete improved carbureter. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a modified form of .thermostatic arrangement. j

In the drawings 10 designates the bodyv of a'carbureter containing the li uid fuel chamber. This liquid fuel cham er may -be of any desired size and configuration, suitable lfor the apparat-us lto which it is designed to feed explosive mixture. Above the body l0 there is 'fitted the cap piece 11 with outlet 12, t5 which 'outlet theL manifold or intalrc pipe offthe engine will connect;

has been .ex-

The air 'inlet 13 to the liquid fuel chamber is preferably controlled by a suitable valve 14 opening inwardly and o posed in its movement by a spring 15 w ose pressure may be adjustedvby means of nut 16. This construction is of the ordinary and usual design; and may be varied to sultindividual requlrements. In fact, we have shown in our carbureter a means for merely passing air through the liquid fuel chamber; but any otherA common and well known means of passing the air through or over the liquid surface'or around a nozzle throuofh which the liquid sprays, may behad. lentrally located within the fuel chamber we have placed a thermostat chamber 17. This thermostat chamber is covered by a portion of cap piecell and 'is arranged to contain the thermostatic mechanism 18, somewhat as illustrated. The thermostatic mechanism may consist of a diierentially expanding metallic ring-19 whose ends 20 and 2l carry tween the contacts may be varied. A suitable spring 25 is provided and a pressure'screw 26 adjustably fixed on the end of the'spring is pressed against the end' 20 of the thermoslat spring, to press the end 2O toward the end 21 and to press the contacts 22 and 23 into electrical engagement. The pres- 'sule of the spring 25 on thethermo-stat may be adjusted adjustment of screw 26; and the gap between the two contacts 22 and 23vmay also be adjusted; and, in this manner, the temperature at which the thermo-- stat acts to close or open the Contact switch may be adjusted to anicety. Normally, when the earbureter is cold, the thermostat wlll be contracted vand the contacts 22 and 23 i'n engagement with each other. They will,-

remain ineng'agement with each other'uutil the thermostat sufficiently expands 'to ear'ry them apart.- This will break the electrical circuit; and the arrangement is so-made Immediately below the liquid fuel chamberfthere is arranged the easing 30 which contains theheat-ing element Vor elements 31.

' with the air These heating elements are preferably arranged flatly and as close as possible to the heatconducting sheet 32 (preferably copper) which separates the liquid fuel ch'amber from the chamber in Vcas-ing 30 in which the heating elements are contained. The heating elements may be laid in asbestos cement or other heat insulating material, and be separated by mica or other insulating material from eachother and from the copper plate 32. An insulating binding post 33 connects with one end of the heating element while the other end is grounded at 34 to the body of the carbureter. 'llhis grounded end at 34 will connect with the grounded contact 22 of the thermostat through the body of th'e carbureter, or' by suitable wire connection shown diagrammatically at 34a inFig. 1. A suit-able Wire connection 35 connects 4with contact 23 of the thermostat, while a suitable' wire connection 36 connects with binding post 33. Any sucient source of electrical currentl may be utilized, to which wires 35 and 36 are connected.

The liquid fuel chamber is provided with a pivoted float. which controls liquid fuel inlet valve 41. This valve may be arranged in any of the manners common to the art, the liquid fuel inlet being at 42 .and there being provided a well 43 below the Valve opening top for catching any sediment which might yotherwise pass into the carbureter. e

rlhe carburetor may be supplied with fuel, and being cold, as soonas the electrical current `is supplied to wires 35 and 36, the heating elements start to increase the'temperature of the fuel and of the-carbureter generally. A's soon as the fuel has bt ,i heated to a sufficient temperature to va orize and forthe heat being thus distributed throughout the chamber, the thermostatic arrangement 16 becomes heated and will open the circuit between contacts 22 and 23. This immediately stops the action of the heating element until the temperature 'falls sumciently7 to cause the closing of the circuit between the contacts 22 and 23. In this manner the temperature of thecarbureter is kept fairly constant at a point wl1ere `the liquid fuel will freely vaporize. rlfhe vapor arising from the liquid fueljs carried and mixed passing through inlet 13 and their stai-ling an engine wlien'the temperature is.

s. lfVc may use. fuels. ofextremely heavy na` turcs` with this, our .improved device forthe reason that `it is only neccssaryto heat such i fuel' to said chamber, outlet means for vavfuel-s to'asuilicicnt temperature to produce vaporizalion. Hcretofore, gasolene and similar like products have only been used in carbureU-frs for the reason they alone would freely vaporize at ordinary temperatures. But fren such light fuels have been found to vaporlze with dilliculty when first low: and our device is notonly useful for utilization of heavy fuel oils; but it is useful in initially heating'a carburetor. for starting with the lighter fuels, the current being turned olf from the carburetor as soon as it is warmed up and started.

In Fia. 2 we have shown a modified form of the t'liermostatic device illustrating this form as typical of the departures we may make from the specific form shown in Fig. 1. ln the` 'form shown in Fig. 2 there is an armature 60 pivoted at 61 and pulled in the direction indicated by the arrow by a spring 25a. Contact 22a is carried by the armature and the contact '23a is adjustable to engage with the contact 22a. A suitable magnet 2 attracts the armature to open the circuit between contacts 22 and 23. And this magnet is wound with wir'e`63 of suchmaterial as changes its resistance greatly upon the change in temperature. As the temperature rises, the resistance of the wire 63 increases and the 'magnetic traction due to the current flowing in the wire also decreases. The spring 25a can be arranged in its amount of tension to pull the armature away from the magnet at any suitable temperature, and to close the circuit between contacts 22*L and 23a.

In Fig. l We have shown a small safet valve which may be used if desire This valve will allow escape of vaporswhich may be generated from highly volatile fuels, such as gasolene, when the engine has been suddenly lstopped and the carbureter is still warm. In heavier fuels, such as kerosene, for which this device Yis particularly designed, there lmay be no use `for this Valve. Our carburetcr is of particularly great utility for kerosene.

Having described our invention, we claim: 1.- A carbureter, comprising a chamber for containing liquid fuel, a heat conduct-ing bottom for said chamber, an electrical heating element immediately beneath the 'heat conducting bottom,a oat controlled valve for maintaining al constant amount of liquid fuel in the lower part of the chamber, a thermostat chamber situated ventirely within the liquid fuel chamber above the liquid levelv therein, a thermostatin the chamber, and a switch operated by the -thermostat. and eleotrically connected with the electrical heating element to control the supply of currentthereto.

2. A carbureter, comprisinga liquid fuel chamber, an electric heating element in proximity thereto, means for introducing liquid poi-s from the liquid fuel, a thermostat" within said chamber, and a switch operated by thc- 'thermostat and'electrically connected to the heating element to control 'supply of current-.thereto A. carburetor, comprising a liquid fuel.

chamber, means for passing air through the chamber over thel fuel therein, a heat conl ducting bottom for the chamber, an electric we have hereunto subscribed our'narnes this heating element. below the hxat conltuctirxlg 2nd day of December 1912. v bottom, a `thermostat c am r wit in t e "l fuel chamber, a thermostat therein, an electric switch operated by the thermostat, and l n' an electrical circuit including the heating Witnesses: element and the switch in series. iELwooD H. BARKELEW,

En witness vthat we' claim the foregoing JAMES .TBARKELEW

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