US1239168A - Method of distributing liquid. - Google Patents

Description

A. G. ENEAS,

METHOD OF DISTRIBUTING LIQUID. APPLICATION FILED APR. 29. 19M.

Patented Sept. 4, 1917.

[Malawi @m' .fimbW-ey Gneas, 9 1 MJ/ I Wzi/inesss: 6%! mw;

an area arenas a rmen AUBREY'G. ENEAS, OF WINTHROP, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASS5IGN- MEETS, TO SPRAY ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A COR- PORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

METHGD 0F DISTRIBUTING LIQUID.

Patented se a, rear.

Original application filed December 27, 1909, Serial No. 535,129. Divided and this application filed April 29,

To all whom it may concern:

folk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Methods of Distributing Liquid, of which the following de scription, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like/characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This application is a division of the invention disclosed in my parent application Serial No. 535,129, filed December 27, 1909.

This invention relates to methods of distributing fluid, preferably a liquid, over an extended area. In order that the principle of the invention may be readily understood, I shall proceed to describe the best mode'or manner known to me for carrying into effect my methodand one form of nozzle by which my said method'may be practised.

In the accompanying drawings,-

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a spray'nozzle by which I may practice my method;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the inner liquid guiding member thereof;

Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section taken through the inner and outer chambers of the nozzle shown in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the inner liquid guiding member.

In accordance with and in carrying out the method of my invention, I form and distribute over an extended area a spray composed of water or other liquid and which is, in the most effective embodiment thereof, of substantially uniform homogeneity throughout. Such spray is capable of use in many and varied relations. among other uses, to

which I am .in no wise limited in the prac- Serial No. 835,221.

guishers; and for many other uses not herein necessary to enumerate. I shall proceed to describe one form of means for practising my process and one way in which a flaring spray of substantially uniform homogeneity in cross section may be secured.

In carrying out my method, I preferably project the liquid, of whatever nature, in a flaring spray, with the central portion thereof directly flaring and the circumferential portion thereof flaring along lines extending circumferentially of but eccentric the axis of the central portion, the spray mass being modulated from one to the other in the intervening or between zones. Preferably in efi'ecting this method, I simultaneously produce both rotary and non-rotary jets, and mix, mingle or blend said jets within a confined space, from which I cause the said mixed, mingled or blended mass to issue in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity. v

Preferably the non-rotary jet is a central or axial one and the rotary jet or jets surround the same and are caused transversely to impinge upon the axial or central jet with the result that said jets are suiiiciently mixed to produce a spray of the character described "hen discharged from the confined space. In carrying out my method, I preferably provide a chamber in advance of the jet producing means, the said chamber being so shaped and of such volume as to permit an effective mixture or blending of the jets before they issue in spray form from said chamber. fected by so shaping the chamber or so positioning an abutment therein as to cause impact thereon of one or more of the surrounding jets and rebound thereof, with the result of a mixing orblending of the jets within the confined space.

In the drawings, I have shown the preferred form of nozzle for practising my method, the said nozzle being represented as comprising a shell or casing 1 constituting an outer mixing chamber and having an entrance '2 for the water or other liquid to be sprayed anda discharge orifice 3. The nozzle may be suitably connected to a hose or other means for conveying the fluid to be sprayed. For this purpose, I have herein represented the shell or casing as interiorly threaded at 4. v Within the shell I form or position an inner guiding member 5, herein represented as detachable from the shell 1 and as exteriorly threaded at 6, so that it may be screwed into position in the shell, thus forming the mixing chamber 10. Obviously, the method is not dependent upon the particular form of inner guiding memher 5 or the means for positioning or forming the same within the shell or casing;

The inner member5 may be constructed in i any suitable manner to produce the desired results. In order. to effect the spraying referred to, I preferably so construct the inner liquid guiding member 5 that it will discharge or direct into the mixing chamber v10 a plurality of jets. For this purpose I may and preferably do employ a single central jet and one or more exterior jets which, if a plurality thereof be employed, surround the central jet. Preferably at least one of these divergent jets is a whirling one, said whirling jet being given a rotating or whirling character in any suitable manner. While the jets that are mixed within the confining wall may be otherwise varied or altered within the broad scope and purpose of my invention, the latter being to cause the breaking up of the stream-like character of the liquid, and the thorough mixing of constituent articles thereof within the nozzle, and to e ect the issuance thereof'ina spray of substantially uniformhomogeneity in transverse section.

In accordance with my method, I distribute liquid over an extended area by introducing the liquid in a stream into a nozzle comprising a chamber formed by "a fixed, surrounding, confining wall; breaking up the stream and finally in effecting the remixing of the constituent particles of the stream within said chamber, thereby effectively breaking up the stream-like character of the liquid and remixing its constituents; and compelling issuance of said mixed constituent particles from said chamber in. a flaring spray of substantially uniform homogeneity in transverse section. I

In thenozzle herein illustrated, the central jet is produced oy the central passage 7 formed in the liquid guiding member 6 and receiving the water or other liquid .or fluid directed thereinto under pressure and from any suitable source. Surrounding the cen-' tral straight passage 7 are a plurality of divergent curved passages 8 formed between the wall of the central passage 7 and the exjets. It is clearly to be understood that terior wall of the member 5. These passages 8 likewise receive liquid or fluid under pressure from the same source and impart a whirling or rotating action to the jets pass ing therefrom. The jets passing through the passages 7 and 8 are primarily of equal velocity, but the velocity of'the jets passing through the passages 8 is reduced below that .of the central jet, owing to the contact of said surrounding jets with the inner wall of the mixing chamber 10. The jets passin through said passages 7 and 8 converge an meet within the mixing chamber 10, the tapering formation of this chamber 10 compelling the mixing of said jets. The impinging of the jets upon each other thoroughly breaks them up and compels a thor ough mixing and distribution of the 'constituent parts thereof, so that as the liquid emerges from the nozzle, it spreads in a spray cone whose apex is the orifice of the nozzle, the spraybeing substantially uniformly and thoroughly distributed throughout the entire cone.

In other spraying nozzles with which I am familiar, the. spray is discharged in a cone, Y

but the spray is substantially confined to elements of the cone, so.that in reality the spray emerges in a sheet of conical form, it being also common to provide a central jet discharged unmixed with the conical sheet but intended for ornamental effect merely. By my method I produce a spray so uniformly distributed that were sections taken through the cone to which I have referred, they would exhibit a substantially uniform distribution of the spra throughout such section. This uniform distribution is due to the mixing compelled by the jets 7, 8 and the distribution in all directions resulting therefrom. I am aware that whirling members have been positioned within nozzles and pro vided with passages for the liquid to be sprayed, but the result of such construction is to impart merely a centrifugal action to the spray so that in eflect merely a shell or conical sheet is formed.

If desired, I may provide means for introducing air into the mixing chamber 10, in order to compel a more thorough intermingling of the jets. While this may be done in any suitable manner, I have herein represented air passages 9 formed in the walls of the member 5 and admitting external air into the interior of the mixing chamber 10.

Each air passage 9, if employed, is preferably of the general angular charactershown, so as to introduce the air along radial lines and to discharge the same substantially axially and at points surrounding the central jet issuing through the passage 7 It willbe apparent that within the mixing chamber 10, a partial vacuum is formed be tween the jets issuing between the passa es 7 and 8. Owingto the formation of this partial vacuum, the external air is sucked in through the passages 9, and although entering at atmospheric pressure, it has greater pressure imparted thereto by the jets issuing through the passages 7 and 8. It is evident that the external air may be admitted, if

at all, in any suit-able manner, and that if desired air primarily under greater than atmospheric pressure may be utilized. It will be apparent that the air when em loyed in any form of my invention, tends rther to atomize the fluid at its exit from the nozzle by reason of the expansion of the air after its discharge from the nozzle.

It will be evident that the mixing chamber isrelatively large compared to the orifice through which the fluid escapes from the nozzle and that the chamber is of sufficient volume and so shaped as to permit and efiect blending or mixing of the jets before issuance from the nozzle. In that form of nozzle herein illustrated, the chamber is so shaped as to direct the rotating jet or jets across the path of the axial jet within the chamber before thejets issue from the nozzle,-thereby to cause said rotating jet or jets to be sprayed by said axial jet, so as to increase the spraying angle and form a full spray. In that form of nozzle herein shown, the cross sectional area of the mixing chamber exceeds the combined cross sectional area of the axial and surrounding jets.- It will 'be apparent from the foregoing description that in accordance with my method, the fluid of the jets is mixed or blended within a confined chamber, and that the mixed mass issues therefrom in a spray, which is of substantially uniform homogeneity throughout.

Having thus described mymethod and one form of means by which thesame may be practised, I desire it to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims. 7

1. That method of distributing liquid over an extended area which consists in simultaneously producing fanilmer jet and one or more surrounding jets, in causingthe mixture of said jets within a confined space,

and the issuance of said jets from said space in a spray of uniform homogeneity.

2. That method of distributing liquid over an extended area which consists in mixing a plurality of jets within a fixed, surrounding, confining wall and in compelling issuance of said mixed jets from said wall in a flaring spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

3. That method of distributing liquid over an extended area which consists in mixing an inner and one or more surrounding jets within a fixed, surrounding, confinin wall and compelling issuance of said mixed jets from said wall from said confined s ace in a flaring spray of substantially uniform homogeneity.

l. That method of distributing liquid from an extended area which consists in mixing a plurality of jets within a fixed surrounding confining wall, in introducing air within said confining wall and in compelling issuance of said mixed jets from said wall in a flaring spray of substantally uniform Y the stream and finally in effecting the remixing of the constituent particles of the stream within said chamber, thereby efiectively breaking up the stream-like character of the liquid and remixing its constituents; and compelling issuance of said mixed constituent particles from said chamber-in a flaring spray of substantially uniform homogeneity in transverse section.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AUBREY G. ENEAS.

Witnesses:

F. IRENE CHANDLER, ROBERT H. Kammnn.

Images