US1303748A - Achille leon francois wattel - Google Patents

Description

A. L. F. WATTEL. vALvE GEAR Fun INTERNAL comusnow ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED APR.13| 191B.

Patented May 13, 1919.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ACHILLE LoN rameurs Warum., on' snvmizs, mwen.

VALVE-GEAR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application led April 13, 1918.

To H 'what/fz t may concern Be it knoivn that l, ACHILLE LON FRAN- gois WA'r'rnL, civil engineer, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 18 Avenue Henri lteg'nault, in Svres, Department Seine-et-Oise, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Valve-Gears for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to that kind of internal combustion engine working on the four-stage cycle principle, wherein the valve-gear is essentially composed of a piston-valve, the inlet of the combustible mixture and the outlet of the spent gases being eiiected by means oi such valve.

The main object aimed at by the invention is to provide a construction by which all reactions due to the e'ect of suction, compression or explosion .upon the piston-valve are obviated.

The characteristic feature of the invention resides in that the piston-valve is balanced.

A further peculiarity of this arrangement is that the piston-valve is relieved of all shocks resulting from its contact with the cam used for operating it. Furthermore, it presents this advantage that it brings about a rapid opening and closing of the suction and exhaust ports.

Another object aimed at by the invention is to provide for automatically lubricating and readily cooling the piston-valve.

Finally, the construction provided in accordance With the invention is such that the valve-gear can be easily and quickly taken apart and put together again.

The accompanying drawing illustrates, by Way of an instance, a valve-gear desi ned in accordance with the characteristic eatures of the invention.

Figure 1 is a vertical section.

Fig. 2 is a plan.

The piston-valve a, which slides in the valve cylinder b, is formed with annular grooves al, a? for causing the explosion chamber h to colnmunicate with the inlet duct c and the exhaust duct d. In the inner Wall of the valve-cylinder b is formed, in

the same horizontal plane as the duct b2 issuing from the explosion chamber zy to- Ward the said cylinder, an annular groove b1, the ends of which issue into the said duct b2, so that when the piston-valve a. assumes the position illustrated in the drawing, the pressure or suction generated inside Specification of Letters Patent.

Paten ted .l1 ay I3. 1919.

Serial No` 228,493.

the explosion chamber It is uniformly distributed around i'he circumference of the piston-valve, thereby balancing the same in a transverse direction. The piston-valve comprises a cylindrical portion a3 which assists in guiding it. The suction and compression effects exerted upon the pistonvalve being; thus uniformly distributed over the same, both axially by the grooves al, u2 and transversely by the groove b1, the said member is thus balanced at all times so that all reaction is avoided, friction is brought down to a minimum and the power necessary for operating it is reduced accordingly.

The piston-valve is operated from a suitably shaped cam e operated from the crankshaft or in any other suitable Way. This cam' remains constantly in touch with the roller c4 at the lower end of the piston-valve c, so that all shocks are obviated in the operation of this latterl The piston-valve may be so held in contact with its driving cam by means of a spring, not shown, interposed between the top of the piston-valve and the bottom of thel closing plug f for the valve-chamber b. But the said spi-ing might be located differently.

In the piston-valve is formed a channel (1,5 which enables the engine carter-case g to be put in'to communication with the top of the valve-chamber b. The oriice of this channel, which opens into the top of the said chamber, may be free or it may be equip ed with aA downwardly closing valve a6 so tldat it opens when the piston valve moves downward Aand closes when it moves u Ward. When the orifice is not equipped Wi l1 any valve and when, thereforea the top `of t e chamber l) communicates freely With t e carter-case g, the particles of lubricant in suspension in the air, produced by splashing in the said carter-case` are automatically carried into the top of the chamber and insure lubrication of the piston-valve. If, on the contrary` the orice of the channel 0,5 is closed by a valve af. the latter. when closing during the upward motion of the pistonvalve, produces at the upper part of the chamber ZJ, a compression which has for its effect to force the said piston-valve in contact with its cam e during its downward motion, Without substantially reducing the volume of the oil fed to the inside of the chamber. The top of the chamber b thus acts as a pneumatic bu'er.

Independently of the fact that the channel a5 feeds lubricant to the piston-valve, it also acts to establish a circulation of air, taking such air in a cool condition Wlithin the carterrase q and bringing it in contact both with the inside and top of the piston-valve and a portion of the inner wall of the valveehamber Z.

The operation is as follows: The piston valve a establishes a communication bet weeu the explosion chamber h and the suction duct c, such communication eontinuingto exist during the Whole of the suction stroke, corresponding to the first stage of the cycle. The piston-valve then moves for cutting otf the communication With the inlet c 'both during thecompression stroke (second stage) and during the active stroke (third stage), after which it again moves for establishing communication With the exhaust duet (Z during the Whole time of the exhaust (fourth stage), whereupon the same action. is repeated.

The position which the piston-valve assumes in the drawing is that which corresponds either to the com ression stroke or to the explosion stroke. l en the cam leaves the piston-valve, the latter moves downward either under the action of a spring if one is used, or under the iniuenee of the Huid compressed in the top of the valve-chamber L, the return of such fluid being checked by the valve a".

The piston-valve being balanced, there is no abnormal friction and therefore no substantial Wear. The so to say supple. yet constant connection between the piston-valve and its operating cam being a permanent one, no shock occurs. The splashing provides the oil necessary for lubricating the said piston-valve in that the particles of lubricant are carried along by the air pass ing through the channel a and, finally, the same air acts as a cooling medium for the valve-gear as a Whole.

The valve-gear can be easily taken apart. It is suliicient to remove the plug f and Withdraw the piston-valve f1, the latter not being positively connected to any mechanical member.

Finally, the valve-chamber may be formed ot a member applied to or integral with the engine cylinder.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature oi my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, l declare that what I claim is:

l. Valve mechanism for internal combustion engines comprising a cylindrical valve chamber provided with a closed top, and an open bottom, with inlet and exhaust ducts and with a port opening into the piston chamber of the engine, said valve chamber being also provided with an annular groove registering with said port, a piston valve provided with a pair of annular grooves separated by a central annular rib, and with a longitudinally perforated. valve stem, n roller carried by the lower end of said valve stem, and a flap valve opening upward car ried by the upper end of said valve stem and closing the opening therethrough as the valve moves upward, and a rotary cam engaging said roller, substantially as described.

2. Valve mechanism for internal combustion engines comprising a cylindrical valve chamber provided with a closed top, and an open bottom, with inlet and exhaust ducts and with a port opening into the piston chamber of `the engine, said valve ehai'nber being also provided with an annular groove registering With said port, a piston valve provided with a pair of annular grooves separated by a central annular rib, and with a longitudinally perforated valve stern, a cylindrical guide piece carried by said valve stem near its lower end, a roller carried by the lower end of said valve stem, and a flap valve opening upward carried by the upper end of said valve stem and closing the opening therethrough as the valve moves upward, and a rotary cam engaging said roller, substantially as described.

ACHILLE LON FRANQOIS WATTEL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner o! Patents. Washington, D. 0.

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