US1828736A - Degumming silk - Google Patents

Degumming silk Download PDF

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Publication number
US1828736A
US1828736A US425727A US42572730A US1828736A US 1828736 A US1828736 A US 1828736A US 425727 A US425727 A US 425727A US 42572730 A US42572730 A US 42572730A US 1828736 A US1828736 A US 1828736A
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United States
Prior art keywords
silk
monoethanolamine
soap
degumming
solution
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US425727A
Inventor
Jr Norman D Harvey
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Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp
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Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp filed Critical Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp
Priority to US425727A priority Critical patent/US1828736A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1828736A publication Critical patent/US1828736A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01CCHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C3/00Treatment of animal material, e.g. chemical scouring of wool
    • D01C3/02De-gumming silk

Definitions

  • the usual degumming process is to boil the silk, in skein form or after weaving, in a 7 water solution of a sodium or potassium soap.
  • the soap solution should have a pH of about 10.0. More strongly alkaline solutions damage the fibre rather rapidly, and even where the pH is below 10, prolonged boiling will injure the silk. It is customary to use high-grade olive oil soaps which are as nearly neutral as pos sible. A solution containing about 1% of soap is oftenused, the weight of soap being about of the weight of silk-to be degummed.
  • the pH of the soap solution falls slowly to a value of about 8.5 to 9.0, at which it remainspracticallystationary. This change in the solution is explained by. the acidic properties of the gum dissolved. As its pH drops, the soap solution becomes less and less efiective as a degumming agent.
  • the presence of the fatty acid lowers the pH of the mixture to about 10.0,
  • monoethanolamine soaps are somewhat more efficacious than -olive oil soap.
  • a solution containing 0.4 gram of monoethanolamine and- 04 gram of oleic acid in 99.2 grams of water degums silk at as high a rate as a 1% s'plu tion of olive oil soap.
  • the monoethanolamine oleate prepared with'an excess of base, as described herein, may be'rinsed from the silk somewhat more readily than alkali-metal soaps.
  • soap-forming fatty acids may be used, the proportions of amine and fatty acid being adjusted to give a suitable pH.
  • Process of degumming silk which comprises dissolving the sericin in a solution containing a monoethanolamine soap, and an excess of the amine.
  • Process of degumming silk which comprises dissolving the sericin in a solution containing a monoethanolamine oleate, and an excess of monoethanolamine.
  • Process of degumming silk which comprises dissolving the sericin in a solution containing equal weights of monoethanolamine and oleic acid;

Description

Patented Oct. 27, 1931 UITED STATES PATENT OFFICE NORMAN D. HARVEY, J'R OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO CARBIDE & CARBON CHEMICALS CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK DEGUMMING SILK No Drawing. Application filed February means of alkaline solutions, soap solutions or even boiling water.
The usual degumming process is to boil the silk, in skein form or after weaving, in a 7 water solution of a sodium or potassium soap. To remove the gum effectively the soap solution should have a pH of about 10.0. More strongly alkaline solutions damage the fibre rather rapidly, and even where the pH is below 10, prolonged boiling will injure the silk. It is customary to use high-grade olive oil soaps which are as nearly neutral as pos sible. A solution containing about 1% of soap is oftenused, the weight of soap being about of the weight of silk-to be degummed. During the degumming operation, the pH of the soap solution falls slowly to a value of about 8.5 to 9.0, at which it remainspracticallystationary. This change in the solution is explained by. the acidic properties of the gum dissolved. As its pH drops, the soap solution becomes less and less efiective as a degumming agent.
Ihave found that monoethanolamine, more or less completely saponified with oleic or other fatty acid, is an" excellent silk degumming agent. Monoethanolamine,
(OHQOHCHZNHQ),
is a high boiling, hygroscopic, slightly yellow liquid of faint ammoniacal'odor having an alkaline reaction and a pH of about 11.6. Silk degummed with this reagent is somewhat whiter and softer than silk degummed with the best olive oil soaps, and the material has other advantages as a degumming agent which will appear below.
I prefer to use a mixture of monoethanolamine and fatty; acid containing a stoichiometrical excess of the amine, for example, con" taining about equal weights of the amine and the fatty acid. The presence of the fatty acid lowers the pH of the mixture to about 10.0,
and this .value is found to remainalmost 3, 1930. Serial No. 425,727.
constant until a considerable proportion of sericin has been dissolved in the solution, owin to the fact that the original mixture contains considerably more base than is required for a neutral soap. In other words, monoethanolamine gives adegumming reagent whichretains its efliciency longer than the soaps used heretofore.
Comparing freshly made solutions, monoethanolamine soaps are somewhat more efficacious than -olive oil soap. A solution containing 0.4 gram of monoethanolamine and- 04 gram of oleic acid in 99.2 grams of water degums silk at as high a rate as a 1% s'plu tion of olive oil soap. The monoethanolamine oleate prepared with'an excess of base, as described herein, may be'rinsed from the silk somewhat more readily than alkali-metal soaps.
Less accurate control of the saponification' process is required when monoethanolamine is used as the base. The pH of this compound, I
being low as compared with caustic alkalies,
an excess of base is much less likely to raise the pH of the gumm'ing solution to a value sufiiciently high to injure the silk.
Instead of oleic acid, other soap-forming fatty acids may be used, the proportions of amine and fatty acid being adjusted to give a suitable pH. y
i I claim: v
1. Process of degumming silk which comprises dissolving the sericin in a solution containing a monoethanolamine soap, and an excess of the amine.
2. Process of degumming silk which comprises dissolving the sericin in a solution containing a monoethanolamine oleate, and an excess of monoethanolamine.
3. Process of degumming silk which comprises dissolving the sericin in a solution containing equal weights of monoethanolamine and oleic acid;
In testimony whereof, I aflix' my signature.
' NORMAN D. HARVEY, JR.
US425727A 1930-02-03 1930-02-03 Degumming silk Expired - Lifetime US1828736A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820768A (en) * 1952-05-13 1958-01-21 Fromont Louis Edmond Ge Hubert Soaps and their methods of preparation
US3322573A (en) * 1965-01-19 1967-05-30 Oakite Prod Inc Metal cleaning compositions and method and baths therefor
US20020062151A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2002-05-23 Gregory Altman Bioengineered anterior cruciate ligament
US20030100108A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-29 Altman Gregory H. Matrix for the production of tissue engineered ligaments, tendons and other tissue
US20040219659A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-11-04 Altman Gregory H. Multi-dimensional strain bioreactor
US20110009960A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2011-01-13 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic fabric structure
US20110184227A1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-07-28 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic device and method of manufacturing the same
US20110224703A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2011-09-15 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic device having diagonal yarns and method of manufacturing the same
US8746014B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2014-06-10 Allergan, Inc. Method for making a knitted mesh
US20150148823A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2015-05-28 Allergan, Inc. Pliable silk medical device
US9204953B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-12-08 Allergan, Inc. Biocompatible surgical scaffold with varying stretch
US9326840B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2016-05-03 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic device and method of manufacturing the same

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820768A (en) * 1952-05-13 1958-01-21 Fromont Louis Edmond Ge Hubert Soaps and their methods of preparation
US3322573A (en) * 1965-01-19 1967-05-30 Oakite Prod Inc Metal cleaning compositions and method and baths therefor
US20020062151A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2002-05-23 Gregory Altman Bioengineered anterior cruciate ligament
US9066884B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2015-06-30 Allergan, Inc. Sericin extracted fabrics
US8628791B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2014-01-14 Allergan, Inc. Method of forming an implantable knitted fabric comprising silk fibroin fibers
US20040224406A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2004-11-11 Tissue Regeneration, Inc. Immunoneutral silk-fiber-based medical devices
US20050089552A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2005-04-28 Tissue Regeneration, Inc. Silk fibroin fiber bundles for matrices in tissue engineering
US6902932B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2005-06-07 Tissue Regeneration, Inc. Helically organized silk fibroin fiber bundles for matrices in tissue engineering
US20100256756A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2010-10-07 Allergan, Inc. Sericin extracted fabrics
US20110009960A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2011-01-13 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic fabric structure
US20110167602A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2011-07-14 Allergan, Inc. Immunoneutral silk-fiber-based medical devices
US20110171453A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2011-07-14 Allergan, Inc. Immunoneutral silk-fiber-based medical devices
US9089501B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2015-07-28 Allergan, Inc. Sericin extracted fabrics
US20110189773A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2011-08-04 Allergan, Inc. Silk fibroin fiber bundles for matrices in tissue engineering
US20030100108A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-29 Altman Gregory H. Matrix for the production of tissue engineered ligaments, tendons and other tissue
US8623398B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2014-01-07 Allergan, Inc. Method for generating connective tissue by implanting a biodegradable silk fabric
US8685426B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2014-04-01 Allergan, Inc. Methods for making biocompatible, implantable, substantially sericin free silk fabric
US8633027B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2014-01-21 Allergan, Inc. Knitted biodegradable silk fabric comprising yarn promoting ingrowth of cells and methods of making
US20040219659A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-11-04 Altman Gregory H. Multi-dimensional strain bioreactor
US8746014B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2014-06-10 Allergan, Inc. Method for making a knitted mesh
US20150148823A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2015-05-28 Allergan, Inc. Pliable silk medical device
US20110224703A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2011-09-15 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic device having diagonal yarns and method of manufacturing the same
US9078731B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-07-14 Allergan, Inc. Method for making a knitted mesh
US9204953B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-12-08 Allergan, Inc. Biocompatible surgical scaffold with varying stretch
US9204954B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-12-08 Allergan, Inc. Knitted scaffold with diagonal yarn
US9308070B2 (en) * 2008-12-15 2016-04-12 Allergan, Inc. Pliable silk medical device
US9326840B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2016-05-03 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic device and method of manufacturing the same
US20110184227A1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-07-28 Allergan, Inc. Prosthetic device and method of manufacturing the same

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