US20010035181A1 - Rebreather nebulizer device - Google Patents
Rebreather nebulizer device Download PDFInfo
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- US20010035181A1 US20010035181A1 US09/737,162 US73716200A US2001035181A1 US 20010035181 A1 US20010035181 A1 US 20010035181A1 US 73716200 A US73716200 A US 73716200A US 2001035181 A1 US2001035181 A1 US 2001035181A1
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- pressurized gas
- nebulizer
- patient
- opening
- chamber
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/06—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes of the injector type
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0086—Inhalation chambers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0086—Inhalation chambers
- A61M15/0088—Inhalation chambers with variable volume
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0463—Tracheal tubes combined with suction tubes, catheters or the like; Outside connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
- F16L37/22—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection is maintained by means of balls, rollers or helical springs under radial pressure between the parts
- F16L37/23—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection is maintained by means of balls, rollers or helical springs under radial pressure between the parts by means of balls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0683—Holding devices therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to rebreather nebulizer devices, and more particularly to rebreather nebulizer devices which simultaneously provide highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas. More specifically, the present invention relates to rebreather nebulizer devices that simultaneously provide highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas while ensuring more effective operation of the nebulizer.
- Patients suffering from a number of severe respiratory conditions may require elevated levels of oxygen and/or respiratory therapy in which a medicant is inhaled by the patient using a nebulizer.
- Equipment well known in the art such as a Gin nebulizer, can deliver up to one hundred percent oxygen to a patient in order to meet the patient's respiratory demands. In fact, oxygen flow rates of up to eighty liters per minute may be delivered to the patient by these systems.
- Drug nebulizers may also be used to provide therapy to patients having severe respiratory illnesses.
- drug nebulizers include a bowl in which a liquid medicant is placed and aerosolized using a pressurized flow of gas. Utilizing the Bernoulli principle, liquid is drawn through an aspirator tube into the path of a high velocity pressurized gas which renders the liquid into a fine mist. Inertial forces then cause the mist to flow out of the nebulizer through a delivery system and to the patient.
- Nebulized medicant delivery is a preferred method of delivery to a patient because the smaller particles of medicant can be more effectively delivered to a patient's lungs.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,586,551 to Hilliard discloses a non-rebreather oxygen mask in communication with a nebulizer unit wherein oxygen and an aerosolized medicant are separately delivered to the mask through a one-way valve. While the one-way valve prevents the flow of aerosolized medicant and oxygen to a patient during the patient's exhalation, the concentration of aerosolized medicant delivered to the patient is diluted. Moreover, because the nebulizer is not directly in-line with a patient's nasal passageway, the one-way valve reduces the amount and effective delivery of aerosolized medicant to the patient.
- the medicant may be delivered too quickly to the patient, which greatly reduces the intended benefits to the patient.
- the oxygen being delivered to the patient may be forced into a turbulent flow condition due to the heightened pressure fluctuations caused by the one-way valve which adversely affects the size of the aerosolized medicant particles and results in a less effective delivery of the medicant to the patient.
- a portion of these particles may be deposited on the surface of the one-way valve, thereby further decreasing the effectiveness of the nebulizer. Pronounced pressure fluctuations may also dislodge the connection between the pressurized oxygen source and the nebulizer with potentially tragic results.
- the primary object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that simultaneously provides highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that simultaneously provides highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas while additionally ensuring effective operation of the nebulizer.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that is compatible with conventional nebulizers.
- Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that may be used with a second pressurized gas source.
- Another further object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that does not require the use of valves to control the flow of liquid and gas to the patient.
- the present invention overcomes and substantially alleviates the deficiencies in the prior art by providing an apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas to a patient.
- the apparatus comprises a collapsible membrane defining a chamber therein with the membrane further including a first opening and a second opening in communication with the chamber, a mask defining an enclosure having a first passageway in communication with the first opening of the membrane, and a nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding liquid therein with the body including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice which communicates with the second opening.
- a pressurized gas source containing a pressurized gas in communication with the inlet orifice of the nebulizer is provided for mixing with the liquid inside the nebulizer.
- the pressurized gas from the pressurized gas source enters the nebulizer, the pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with the liquid inside the reservoir of the nebulizer. The mixture is then forced from the reservoir to the chamber of the membrane before freely communicating in either direction between the chamber and the mask.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rebreather nebulizer device according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the a rebreather nebulizer device taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the rebreather nebulizer having an additional connector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view the alternative embodiment taken along line B-B of FIG. 3 according to the present invention.
- Rebreather nebulizer device 10 comprises a nebulizer 28 containing a liquid 36 , a membrane 12 for delivery of a mixture of pressurized gas 45 and liquid 36 to the patient, a mask 20 that delivers the mixture to the patient and vents exhaled air to atmosphere, and a pressurized gas source 44 for providing a pressurized gas 45 to nebulizer 28 .
- membrane 12 comprises a collapsible body 17 which is responsive to pressure changes from pressurized gas 45 and a patient's respiratory cycles as shall be discussed in greater detail below.
- Body 17 defines an internal chamber 18 which includes a first opening 14 and a second opening 16 .
- First opening 14 establishes unrestricted communication with mask 20
- second opening 16 is in unrestricted communication with nebulizer 28 .
- mask 20 includes an enclosure 22 which defines a first passageway 24 for freely communicating with first opening 14 of membrane 12 . Additionally, enclosure 22 defines second passageways 26 , 27 for venting a portion of a patient's exhalation to atmosphere.
- An elastic strap 23 is provided which is attached to opposing lateral edges of enclosure 22 for securing the periphery of enclosure 22 in fluid tight relationship with the patient's face.
- a pliable clip 21 is provided above first passageway 24 which may be adjustably manipulated to conform to the patient's exterior nasal profile. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that properly adjusting clip 21 improves the patient's comfort level due to clip 21 forming a conformal “fit” with the patient's face, while also maintaining a fluid tight relationship with enclosure 22 .
- nebulizer 28 comprises a body 30 defining a reservoir 32 for holding liquid 36 , for example a medicant, therein.
- Body 30 has an inlet orifice 38 for receiving pressurized gas 45 from a pressurized gas source 44 .
- Aspirator tube 29 Secured within reservoir 32 is an aspirator tube 29 .
- pressurized gas 45 which enters inlet orifice 38 draws liquid 36 from aspirator tube 29 .
- Liquid 36 is then exposed to the pressurized gas 45 after passing through aspirator tube 29 and becomes aerosolized liquid 37 .
- pressurized gas 45 is continually introduced through inlet orifice 38 , aerosolized liquid 37 and pressurized gas 45 combine to form a mixture 46 .
- Pressurized gas source 44 is housed in a container, such as a tank, and provides pressurized gas 45 , preferably oxygen, to the patient.
- chamber 18 of membrane 12 is of a predetermined size such that during a patient's exhalation, approximately the first one-third of the total volume of membrane 12 is exhaled by the patient and freely passes from mask 20 through first passageway 24 and into chamber 18 . The remaining volume of the patient's exhalation is vented to atmosphere through second passageway 26 . Conversely, during the patient's inhalation a portion of the total volume of chamber 18 freely passes through first passageway 24 into enclosure 22 and breathed in by the patient.
- pressurized gas source 44 is connected to inlet connector 34 of nebulizer 28 through a tube 43 .
- inlet orifice 38 of nebulizer 28 receives and directs pressurized gas 45 from pressurized gas source 44 into reservoir 32 of nebulizer 28 .
- liquid 36 in reservoir 32 is drawn through aspirator tube 29 and into the path of pressurized gas 45 which renders liquid 36 into a mixture 46 of aerosolized liquid 37 and pressurized gas 45 .
- Pressurized gas 45 then forces mixture 46 from reservoir 32 to chamber 18 of membrane 12 .
- chamber 18 begins filling with mixture 46
- mask 20 may be secured about a patient's face. As a patient inhales, the mixture 46 freely communicates between chamber 18 and mask 20 .
- This free communication due to the absence of any valve arrangement noted in the prior art, provides several benefits, including more effective delivery of aerosolized liquid 37 to a patient's lungs by using a portion of the patient's exhalation to supplement the new mixture 46 being delivered to the patient.
- the present invention contemplates an unrestricted communication between mask 20 and chamber 18 of membrane 12 .
- This one-third volume is referred to in the art as dead space.
- Dead space corresponds to any area of the respiratory tract where no gas exchange occurs with the patient.
- this dead space mixture is uncontaminated with carbon dioxide from the patient, and further maintains its original concentration of oxygen and aerosolized liquid 37 .
- This one-third volume savings of required flow rate additionally permits a more effective operation of nebulizer 28 .
- the level of pressure from pressurized gas source 44 applied to reservoir 32 may be likewise reduced. This reduced pressure prevents liquid 36 which is contained in reservoir 32 from being “blown out” and made otherwise unavailable for use by the patient.
- the full intended benefit of nebulizer 28 may now be realized because the reduced flow rate of pressurized gas 45 causes liquid 36 to be more slowly aerosolized. In other words, by slowing the rate of aerosolization, liquid 36 can be more controllably dispensed to a patient over a predetermined period of time to derive its maximum intended benefit.
- An additional benefit is that less pressure is required to achieve the reduced flow of pressurized gas 45 .
- the inside diameter of tube 43 is also reduced thereby improving the connection between tube 43 and inlet connector 34 from inadvertent uncoupling.
- nebulizer 110 comprises a mask 20 , membrane 12 and nebulizer 28 which perform similar functions.
- nebulizer device 110 further comprises a connector 50 which is inserted between outlet orifice 42 of nebulizer 28 and second opening 16 of membrane 12 .
- Connector 50 has an outlet connector 52 defining an outlet aperture 54 for securing in fluid communication with second opening 16 .
- connector 50 further includes a first inlet connector 56 defining a first inlet aperture 58 therein for communicating with outlet orifice 42 and a second inlet connector 60 defining a second inlet aperture 62 for communicating with a second pressurized gas source 64 .
- Second pressurized gas source 64 contains a second pressurized gas 63 .
- outlet aperture 54 , first inlet aperture 58 and second inlet connector 60 are all in fluid communication with one another.
- second pressurized gas 63 flows through second inlet aperture 62 and into chamber 18 .
- Introduction of pressurized gas 45 into nebulizer 28 and subsequently into chamber 18 operates in a similar manner as in the preferred embodiment.
- mixture 46 of aerosolized liquid 37 and pressurized gas 44 from nebulizer 28 is further mixed with second pressurized gas 63 .
- This new mixture 49 is then introduced into enclosure 22 of mask 20 for delivery to the patient.
- second pressurized gas 63 may be oxygen, in which case the flow rate of pressurized gas 45 through nebulizer 28 may be further reduced if required.
- second pressurized gas 63 may be a different gas or mixture of gases other than oxygen.
- a mixture of oxygen and helium may be introduced into second inlet aperture 62 .
- This new mixture permits improved flow of aerosolized liquid 37 for better delivery of mixture 49 to the more restricted areas of a patient's lungs.
- the applicant has found that such treatments have proven extremely useful for asthmatics with severe bronchspasms.
- connector 50 can have any number of additional inlets and be usable with any number of combinations of pressurized gases.
Abstract
An apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas to a patient including a collapsible membrane defining a chamber, the membrane further defining a first opening and a second opening in communication with the chamber. A mask defining an enclosure having a first passageway in communication with the first opening. A nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding the liquid therein, the body including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice which communicates with the second opening. A pressurized gas source which contains a pressurized gas with the pressurized gas source being in communication with the inlet orifice for providing the pressurized gas to the nebulizer. When the pressurized gas from the pressurized gas source enters the nebulizer, the pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with the liquid inside the reservoir of the nebulizer. The mixture is then forced from the reservoir to the chamber before freely communicating in either direction between the chamber and the mask.
Description
- This application is based upon Provisional patent application, Ser. No. 60/204,953, entitled “Integrated Respiratory/Ventilation System For Improved Patient Care”, filed May 17, 2000, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and continued preservation of which is requested.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to rebreather nebulizer devices, and more particularly to rebreather nebulizer devices which simultaneously provide highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas. More specifically, the present invention relates to rebreather nebulizer devices that simultaneously provide highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas while ensuring more effective operation of the nebulizer.
- 2. Prior Art
- Patients suffering from a number of severe respiratory conditions may require elevated levels of oxygen and/or respiratory therapy in which a medicant is inhaled by the patient using a nebulizer. Equipment well known in the art, such as a Gin nebulizer, can deliver up to one hundred percent oxygen to a patient in order to meet the patient's respiratory demands. In fact, oxygen flow rates of up to eighty liters per minute may be delivered to the patient by these systems.
- Drug nebulizers may also be used to provide therapy to patients having severe respiratory illnesses. Typically, drug nebulizers include a bowl in which a liquid medicant is placed and aerosolized using a pressurized flow of gas. Utilizing the Bernoulli principle, liquid is drawn through an aspirator tube into the path of a high velocity pressurized gas which renders the liquid into a fine mist. Inertial forces then cause the mist to flow out of the nebulizer through a delivery system and to the patient. Nebulized medicant delivery is a preferred method of delivery to a patient because the smaller particles of medicant can be more effectively delivered to a patient's lungs.
- However, problems can occur when a doctor orders drug nebulizer treatments for a patient that also requires high concentrations of oxygen because conventional drug nebulizers can only deliver less than half the oxygen required by the patient which would result in an undesirable drop in a patient's blood oxygen level. To avoid endangering the patient, drug nebulizer treatments are provided in-line with high flow oxygen delivery systems. Although such an arrangement maintains the desired blood oxygen levels of the patient, the actual amount of medicant delivered by the drug nebulizer is highly diluted.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,586,551 to Hilliard discloses a non-rebreather oxygen mask in communication with a nebulizer unit wherein oxygen and an aerosolized medicant are separately delivered to the mask through a one-way valve. While the one-way valve prevents the flow of aerosolized medicant and oxygen to a patient during the patient's exhalation, the concentration of aerosolized medicant delivered to the patient is diluted. Moreover, because the nebulizer is not directly in-line with a patient's nasal passageway, the one-way valve reduces the amount and effective delivery of aerosolized medicant to the patient.
- Another advancement in the art is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,865,027 to Laanen et al. which discloses a reservoir bag connected in series to both a drug nebulizer and a mask having an inlet with a one-way valve. The Laanen reference discloses a single oxygen source which simultaneously delivers high concentrations of oxygen and aerosolized medicant through the one-way valve. However, the use of a one-way valve has multiple disadvantages. First, due to the increased amount of oxygen flow through the nebulizer that is required to satisfy a patient's oxygen level needs, the medicant may be “blown out” of the nebulizer bowl, thereby rendering it unavailable for delivery to a patient. Further, the medicant may be delivered too quickly to the patient, which greatly reduces the intended benefits to the patient. Also, the oxygen being delivered to the patient may be forced into a turbulent flow condition due to the heightened pressure fluctuations caused by the one-way valve which adversely affects the size of the aerosolized medicant particles and results in a less effective delivery of the medicant to the patient. In addition to disrupting the flow of aerosolized medicant particles, a portion of these particles may be deposited on the surface of the one-way valve, thereby further decreasing the effectiveness of the nebulizer. Pronounced pressure fluctuations may also dislodge the connection between the pressurized oxygen source and the nebulizer with potentially tragic results.
- Therefore, there appears a need in the art for a rebreather nebulizer device that simultaneously provides highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas while additionally ensuring effective unobstructed operation of the nebulizer without the use of valves or the like to control the flow of fluid to the patient.
- The primary object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that simultaneously provides highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that simultaneously provides highly concentrated levels of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas while additionally ensuring effective operation of the nebulizer.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that is compatible with conventional nebulizers.
- Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that may be used with a second pressurized gas source.
- Another further object of the present invention is to provide a rebreather nebulizer device that does not require the use of valves to control the flow of liquid and gas to the patient.
- These and other objects of the present invention are realized in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, described by way of example and not by way of limitation, which provides for a rebreather nebulizer device having a novel free flow connection between a mask passageway and collapsible membrane.
- In brief summary, the present invention overcomes and substantially alleviates the deficiencies in the prior art by providing an apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture of aerosolized liquid and pressurized gas to a patient. The apparatus comprises a collapsible membrane defining a chamber therein with the membrane further including a first opening and a second opening in communication with the chamber, a mask defining an enclosure having a first passageway in communication with the first opening of the membrane, and a nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding liquid therein with the body including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice which communicates with the second opening. A pressurized gas source containing a pressurized gas in communication with the inlet orifice of the nebulizer is provided for mixing with the liquid inside the nebulizer. When the pressurized gas from the pressurized gas source enters the nebulizer, the pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with the liquid inside the reservoir of the nebulizer. The mixture is then forced from the reservoir to the chamber of the membrane before freely communicating in either direction between the chamber and the mask.
- Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following more detailed description and drawings in which like elements of the invention are similarly numbered throughout.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rebreather nebulizer device according to the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the a rebreather nebulizer device taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the rebreather nebulizer having an additional connector according to the present invention; and
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view the alternative embodiment taken along line B-B of FIG. 3 according to the present invention.
- Referring to the drawings, the preferred embodiment of the rebreather nebulizer device of the present invention is illustrated and generally indicated as10 in FIG. 1.
Rebreather nebulizer device 10 comprises anebulizer 28 containing aliquid 36, amembrane 12 for delivery of a mixture of pressurizedgas 45 andliquid 36 to the patient, amask 20 that delivers the mixture to the patient and vents exhaled air to atmosphere, and a pressurizedgas source 44 for providing a pressurizedgas 45 tonebulizer 28. - Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2,
membrane 12 comprises acollapsible body 17 which is responsive to pressure changes from pressurizedgas 45 and a patient's respiratory cycles as shall be discussed in greater detail below.Body 17 defines aninternal chamber 18 which includes afirst opening 14 and asecond opening 16. First opening 14 establishes unrestricted communication withmask 20, whilesecond opening 16 is in unrestricted communication withnebulizer 28. - As further shown,
mask 20 includes anenclosure 22 which defines afirst passageway 24 for freely communicating withfirst opening 14 ofmembrane 12. Additionally,enclosure 22 definessecond passageways elastic strap 23 is provided which is attached to opposing lateral edges ofenclosure 22 for securing the periphery ofenclosure 22 in fluid tight relationship with the patient's face. As further shown, apliable clip 21 is provided abovefirst passageway 24 which may be adjustably manipulated to conform to the patient's exterior nasal profile. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that properly adjustingclip 21 improves the patient's comfort level due toclip 21 forming a conformal “fit” with the patient's face, while also maintaining a fluid tight relationship withenclosure 22. - Preferably,
nebulizer 28 comprises abody 30 defining areservoir 32 for holdingliquid 36, for example a medicant, therein.Body 30 has aninlet orifice 38 for receivingpressurized gas 45 from apressurized gas source 44. Secured withinreservoir 32 is anaspirator tube 29. Using the Bernoulli principle,pressurized gas 45 which entersinlet orifice 38 draws liquid 36 fromaspirator tube 29.Liquid 36 is then exposed to thepressurized gas 45 after passing throughaspirator tube 29 and becomesaerosolized liquid 37. Aspressurized gas 45 is continually introduced throughinlet orifice 38, aerosolizedliquid 37 andpressurized gas 45 combine to form amixture 46.Mixture 46 is then forced bypressurized gas 45 fromreservoir 32 throughsecond opening 16 and intochamber 18 ofmembrane 12.Pressurized gas source 44 is housed in a container, such as a tank, and providespressurized gas 45, preferably oxygen, to the patient. - According to one aspect of the present invention,
chamber 18 ofmembrane 12 is of a predetermined size such that during a patient's exhalation, approximately the first one-third of the total volume ofmembrane 12 is exhaled by the patient and freely passes frommask 20 throughfirst passageway 24 and intochamber 18. The remaining volume of the patient's exhalation is vented to atmosphere throughsecond passageway 26. Conversely, during the patient's inhalation a portion of the total volume ofchamber 18 freely passes throughfirst passageway 24 intoenclosure 22 and breathed in by the patient. - The operation of
rebreather nebulizer device 10 shall now be discussed. Referring to FIG. 2,pressurized gas source 44 is connected toinlet connector 34 ofnebulizer 28 through atube 43. After this connection is completed and pressurizedsource 44 is opened so that it is in communication withtube 43,inlet orifice 38 ofnebulizer 28 receives and directspressurized gas 45 frompressurized gas source 44 intoreservoir 32 ofnebulizer 28. Utilizing the Bernoulli principle, liquid 36 inreservoir 32 is drawn throughaspirator tube 29 and into the path ofpressurized gas 45 which renders liquid 36 into amixture 46 of aerosolized liquid 37 andpressurized gas 45.Pressurized gas 45 then forcesmixture 46 fromreservoir 32 tochamber 18 ofmembrane 12. Oncechamber 18 begins filling withmixture 46,mask 20 may be secured about a patient's face. As a patient inhales, themixture 46 freely communicates betweenchamber 18 andmask 20. This free communication, due to the absence of any valve arrangement noted in the prior art, provides several benefits, including more effective delivery of aerosolized liquid 37 to a patient's lungs by using a portion of the patient's exhalation to supplement thenew mixture 46 being delivered to the patient. - The present invention contemplates an unrestricted communication between
mask 20 andchamber 18 ofmembrane 12. As a patient begins to exhale, approximately the first one-third of the total volume of the patient's exhalation freely passes intochamber 18 due to the unrestricted passageway betweenenclosure 22 andchamber 18. This one-third volume is referred to in the art as dead space. Dead space corresponds to any area of the respiratory tract where no gas exchange occurs with the patient. Thus, this dead space mixture is uncontaminated with carbon dioxide from the patient, and further maintains its original concentration of oxygen andaerosolized liquid 37. By freely permitting the exhaled dead space mixture to return tochamber 18 for rebreathing by the patient during a subsequent inhalation, the flow rate required to sustain a patient is effectively reduced by one-third without any adverse effect to the patient. - This one-third volume savings of required flow rate additionally permits a more effective operation of
nebulizer 28. By requiring lesspressurized gas 45 to flow through liquid-filledreservoir 32, the level of pressure frompressurized gas source 44 applied toreservoir 32 may be likewise reduced. This reduced pressure prevents liquid 36 which is contained inreservoir 32 from being “blown out” and made otherwise unavailable for use by the patient. Further, the full intended benefit ofnebulizer 28 may now be realized because the reduced flow rate ofpressurized gas 45 causes liquid 36 to be more slowly aerosolized. In other words, by slowing the rate of aerosolization, liquid 36 can be more controllably dispensed to a patient over a predetermined period of time to derive its maximum intended benefit. An additional benefit is that less pressure is required to achieve the reduced flow ofpressurized gas 45. As the pressure level ofpressurized gas 45 passing throughtube 43 is reduced, the inside diameter oftube 43 is also reduced thereby improving the connection betweentube 43 andinlet connector 34 from inadvertent uncoupling. - Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, an alternate embodiment of
rebreather nebulizer device 10 shall now be discussed. As with the preferred embodiment,nebulizer 110 comprises amask 20,membrane 12 andnebulizer 28 which perform similar functions. However,nebulizer device 110 further comprises aconnector 50 which is inserted betweenoutlet orifice 42 ofnebulizer 28 andsecond opening 16 ofmembrane 12.Connector 50 has anoutlet connector 52 defining anoutlet aperture 54 for securing in fluid communication withsecond opening 16. Additionally,connector 50 further includes afirst inlet connector 56 defining afirst inlet aperture 58 therein for communicating withoutlet orifice 42 and asecond inlet connector 60 defining asecond inlet aperture 62 for communicating with a second pressurized gas source 64. Second pressurized gas source 64 contains a secondpressurized gas 63. Moreover,outlet aperture 54,first inlet aperture 58 andsecond inlet connector 60 are all in fluid communication with one another. - In operation, referring specifically to FIG. 4, second
pressurized gas 63 flows throughsecond inlet aperture 62 and intochamber 18. Introduction ofpressurized gas 45 intonebulizer 28 and subsequently intochamber 18 operates in a similar manner as in the preferred embodiment. Inchamber 18,mixture 46 of aerosolized liquid 37 andpressurized gas 44 fromnebulizer 28 is further mixed with secondpressurized gas 63. Thisnew mixture 49 is then introduced intoenclosure 22 ofmask 20 for delivery to the patient. - Preferably, second
pressurized gas 63 may be oxygen, in which case the flow rate ofpressurized gas 45 throughnebulizer 28 may be further reduced if required. Further, secondpressurized gas 63 may be a different gas or mixture of gases other than oxygen. For example, a mixture of oxygen and helium may be introduced intosecond inlet aperture 62. This new mixture permits improved flow of aerosolized liquid 37 for better delivery ofmixture 49 to the more restricted areas of a patient's lungs. The applicant has found that such treatments have proven extremely useful for asthmatics with severe bronchspasms. It should be appreciated by one skilled in the art thatconnector 50 can have any number of additional inlets and be usable with any number of combinations of pressurized gases. - It should be understood from the foregoing that, while particular embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is not intended that the invention be limited by the specification; instead, the scope of the present invention is intended to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. An apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture to a patient comprising:
a collapsible membrane defining a chamber therein, said membrane further defining a first opening and a second opening in communication with said chamber;
a mask defining an enclosure having a first passageway in communication with said first opening;
a nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding a liquid therein, said body including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, said outlet orifice in communication with said second opening of said membrane;
a pressurized gas source containing a pressurized gas, said pressurized gas source in communication with said inlet orifice for providing said pressurized gas to said nebulizer;
wherein when said pressurized gas from said pressurized gas source enters said nebulizer, said pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with said liquid inside said reservoir of said nebulizer, wherein said mixture is forced from said reservoir to said chamber before freely communicating in either direction between said chamber and said mask.
2. An apparatus according to wherein said enclosure further defining at least one second passageway for permitting a patient to vent to atmosphere.
claim 1
3. An apparatus according to wherein a portion of a patient's exhalation returns to said collapsible membrane, said portion being reintroduced to a patient during a patient's subsequent inhalation.
claim 1
4. An apparatus according to wherein said second opening in said membrane being in communication with a second source of said pressurized gas.
claim 1
5. An apparatus according to wherein said third opening is adjacent said second opening.
claim 4
6. An apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture to a patient comprising:
a collapsible membrane defining a chamber therein, said membrane further defining a first opening and a second opening in communication with said chamber;
a mask defining an enclosure having a first passageway in communication with said first opening;
a nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding a liquid therein, said body including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, said outlet orifice in communication with said second opening;
at least two pressurized gas sources each containing a pressurized gas, at least one of said at least two pressurized gas sources in communication with said inlet orifice for providing pressurized gas to said nebulizer;
at least another one of said at least two pressurized gas sources providing a pressurized gas to said chamber;
wherein when said pressurized gas from said at least one of said at least two pressurized gas sources enters said nebulizer, said pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with said liquid inside said reservoir of said nebulizer, wherein said mixture is forced from said reservoir to said chamber where said mixture further mixes with said pressurized gas from said at least another one of said at least two pressurized gas sources before freely communicating in either direction between said chamber and said mask.
7. An apparatus according to wherein said pressurized gas provided by said at least one of said at least two pressurized gas sources is different from said pressurized gas provided by said at least another one of said at least two pressurized gas sources.
claim 6
8. An apparatus according to wherein said pressurized gas provided by said at least another one of said at least two pressurized gas sources is helium.
claim 7
9. An apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture to a patient comprising:
a collapsible membrane defining a chamber therein, said membrane further defining a first opening and a second opening;
a mask including an enclosure defining a first passageway in communication with said first opening, said enclosure further defining at least one second passageway for permitting a patient to exhale into atmosphere;
a nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding a liquid therein, said body having an inlet orifice formed therein, said body further having an outlet orifice in communication with said second opening;
at least two pressurized gas sources each containing a pressurized gas, at least one of said at least two pressurized gas sources in communication with said inlet orifice for providing pressurized gas to said nebulizer;
at least another one of said at least two pressurized gas sources providing a pressurized gas to said chamber;
wherein when said pressurized gas from said at least one of said at least two pressurized gas sources enters said nebulizer, said pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with said liquid inside said reservoir of said nebulizer, wherein said mixture is forced from said reservoir to said chamber where said mixture further mixes with said pressurized gas from said at least another one of said at least two pressurized gas sources before freely communicating in either direction between said chamber and said mask, wherein a portion of a patient's exhalation returns to said membrane, said portion being reintroduced to a patient during a patient's subsequent inhalation.
10. A method for operating an apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture to a patient, the steps comprising:
a) providing a device including a collapsible membrane defining a chamber therein, the membrane further defining a first opening and a second opening in communication with the chamber; a mask defining an enclosure having a first passageway in communication with the first opening; a nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding a liquid therein, the body including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, the outlet orifice in communication with the second opening of the membrane; a pressurized gas source containing a pressurized gas, the pressurized gas source in communication with the inlet orifice for providing the pressurized gas to the nebulizer; wherein when the pressurized gas from the pressurized gas source enters the nebulizer, the pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with the liquid inside the reservoir of the nebulizer, wherein the mixture is forced from the reservoir to the chamber before freely communicating in either direction between the chamber and the mask;
b) opening the pressurized gas source so that it is in communication with the inlet orifice;
c) securing the mask about a patient's face; and
d) returning a portion of a patient's exhalation to the membrane, the portion being reintroduced to a patient during a patient's subsequent inhalation.
11. A method for operating an apparatus for delivering a highly concentrated mixture to a patient, the steps comprising:
a) providing a device including a collapsible membrane defining a chamber therein, the membrane further defining a first opening and a second opening in communication with the chamber; a mask defining an enclosure having a first passageway in communication with the first opening; a nebulizer having a body defining a reservoir for holding a liquid therein, the body including an inlet orifice and an outlet orifice, the outlet orifice in communication with the second opening; at least two pressurized gas sources each containing a pressurized gas, at least one of the at least two pressurized gas sources in communication with the inlet orifice for providing pressurized gas to said nebulizer; at least another one of the at least two pressurized gas sources providing a pressurized gas to the chamber; wherein when said pressurized gas from the at least one of the at least two pressurized gas sources enters said nebulizer, the pressurized gas mixes to form a mixture with the liquid inside the reservoir of the nebulizer, wherein the mixture is forced from the reservoir to the chamber where the mixture further mixes with the pressurized gas from the at least another one of the at least two pressurized gas sources before freely communicating in either direction between the chamber and the mask;
b) opening the pressurized gas sources so that they are in communication with the nebulizer and the membrane;
c) securing the mask about a patient's face; and
d) returning a portion of a patient's exhalation to the membrane, the portion being reintroduced to a patient during a patient's subsequent inhalation.
Priority Applications (1)
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US09/737,162 US6340023B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2000-12-14 | Rebreather nebulizer device |
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US20495300P | 2000-05-17 | 2000-05-17 | |
US09/737,162 US6340023B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2000-12-14 | Rebreather nebulizer device |
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US20010035181A1 true US20010035181A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
US6340023B2 US6340023B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 |
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US09/737,162 Expired - Fee Related US6340023B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2000-12-14 | Rebreather nebulizer device |
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