US20020008758A1 - Method and apparatus for video surveillance with defined zones - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for video surveillance with defined zones Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020008758A1 US20020008758A1 US09/801,441 US80144101A US2002008758A1 US 20020008758 A1 US20020008758 A1 US 20020008758A1 US 80144101 A US80144101 A US 80144101A US 2002008758 A1 US2002008758 A1 US 2002008758A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- tracking
- control zone
- motion video
- field
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/12—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
- G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
- G01S3/7864—T.V. type tracking systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/16—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19678—User interface
- G08B13/19686—Interfaces masking personal details for privacy, e.g. blurring faces, vehicle license plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
- H04N7/188—Capturing isolated or intermittent images triggered by the occurrence of a predetermined event, e.g. an object reaching a predetermined position
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of United States provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/188,171 filed on Mar. 10, 2000. United States Patent applications, also claiming the benefit of U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/188,171, and entitled “Method and Apparatus for Object Tracking and Detection” and “Method and Apparatus for Object Surveillance with a Movable Camera” were filed concurrently herewith.
- The present invention relates to the field of video surveillance systems using motion video cameras.
- There are several shortcomings in current video surveillance systems that need to be overcome for widespread use of automatic detection and collection of relevant video data in response to scene stimulus without the need of a human operator present. When viewing a scene from a video camera a large amount of data is generated. The vast amount of data created produces a data reduction problem. Automatically detecting and accurately and reliably collecting image information of a moving object using a motion video camera is a difficult task. This task is made even more difficult when trying to detect, track and maintain camera line-of-sight using a single motion video camera without requiring human intervention.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,473,369 (Abe) describes the use of a camera to detect and track a moving object without using conventional block matching. In the system described in Abe single object tracking is performed only after an object is placed within a frame on a screen; however, there is no user input device for manual target selection Moreover, Abe does not provide for camera movement to maintain line-of-site.
- Other prior art solutions provide for image stabilization for a camera in arbitrary motion without object tracking functionality. U.S. Pat. No. 5,629,988 (Burt) teaches electronic stabilization of a sequence of images with respect to one another but provides no tracking facility.
- Still other prior art solutions control camera movement to maintain line-of-sight between camera and object but lack arbitrary motion compensation or do not provide for automatic and user selected object tracking. U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,621 (Yu) teaches a method for automatic zooming and automatic tracking of an object using a zoom lens but does not provide for reorienting the camera's line-of-sight.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a video surveillance method and system having increased accuracy.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and system for reducing false alarms in motion video object detection and surveillance.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and system for identifying user-defined zones to control motion video tracking.
- In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for defining a control zone in a field of view of a motion video camera, said method comprising the steps of: displaying motion video data representative of the field of view of the motion video camera; receiving indication of a control zone type; and receiving indication of a control zone size within the field of view of the motion video camera.
- In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided a system for defining control zones of different types in a field of view of a motion video camera, said system comprising: a database containing a description for each of a plurality of control zone types; means for defining a control zone in a selected area of the field of view of the motion video camera, said control zone being of a type selected from one of said plurality of control zone types in said database; and means for displaying a received motion video signal from the motion video camera including an indication of said defined control zone.
- In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a computer readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for defining a control zone in a field of view of a motion video camera performing the steps comprising: displaying motion video data representative of the field of view of the motion video camera; receiving indication of a control zone type; and receiving indication of a control zone size within the field of view of the motion video camera.
- FIG. 1 is an exemplary configuration of a video surveillance system having user-defined zones according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary field of view for a camera highlighting user-defined zones according to the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a zone defining processing system the video surveillance system of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method of identifying user-defined zones according to the present invention; and
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a general method for video surveillance using the user-defined zones identified by the method in FIG. 4.
- Object tracks, derived from motion video data, are a very useful way to automatically detect alarm conditions within a camera's field of view for purposes such as security and surveillance. However, in the field of motion video object tracking, environmental noise and other such sources of movement can lead to false tracking and tracking of unimportant objects such as leaves falling from a tree.
- The present invention uses user-defined regions within a motion video camera's field of view to ignore the origination of object track data but allow tracking of objects already being tracked before they entered that region. Therefore, the user defines in advance those regions that may generate false alarms within a motion video camera's field of view. The use of user-defined zones in conjunction with object detection and tracking techniques provides a video surveillance system that has greater object tracking accuracy than existing systems.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a
video surveillance system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Amotion video camera 108 has a field ofview 118. Acomputer 102 receives and processes avideo signal 112 from themotion video camera 108 and performs object tracking and detection to determine if there was movement in the field ofview 118. Thecomputer 102 contains a zone defining processing system (FIG. 3) for defining surveillance zones in the camera's 108 field of view. - For a moveable
motion video camera 108, thecomputer 102 generates acontrol signal 114 for servo controlled pan-tilt-zoom assembly 110. Thecontrol signal 114 is based on the current position of the servo controlled pan-tilt-zoom assembly 110 and information contained in thevideo signal 112. Such movement allows themotion video camera 108 to capture an object of interest in greater detail or improve the camera's 108 line of sight with the object of interest. The object detection and tracking techniques that are used can be, for example, those taught in Applicant's related applications entitled “Method and Apparatus for Object Tracking and Detection” and “Method and Apparatus for Remote Object Tracking and Detection”, filed concurrently herewith, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. - Object detection may be accomplished using any number of methods for image segmentation known in the art. For example, motion detection may be performed by frame differencing sequential pairs of video frames and applying thresholding techniques thereby yielding pixels within the processed image that reflect motion of objects with the field of view of the
camera 108. Additional image processing techniques such as centroid analysis may then be applied to remove spurious motion. Kalman filtering may be applied over time to further remove random motion and to estimate motion of objects for the purpose of anticipatingcamera 108 repositioning and maintaining tracking when moving objects are temporarily occluded by stationary ones. Object tracking and detection is discussed in greater detail in applicant's co-pending related applications entitled “Method and Apparatus for Object Tracking and Detection” and “Method and Apparatus for Object Surveillance with a Movable Camera” filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference. - For a fixed motion video camera108 (not shown) not having a servo controlled pan-tilt-
zoom assembly 110, thecomputer 102 uses the video signal and the current magnification of thecamera 108 to create a control signal similar to the control signal of themoveable camera 114. However, the control signal for a fixed camera only uses a zoom function already on thecamera 108 to capture the object of interest in greater detail. - The
video signal 112 received fromvideo camera 108 is passed out from thecomputer 102 as video signal out 106 either directly to adisplay 104 or modified to include graphic information that may be used to set up response parameters of a tracking program, indicate an object that is actively being tracked or identify (or allow identification of) user-defined zones for tracking. Apointing device 116 may be a mouse or trackball and is the user input for modifying said response parameters or defining the tracking zones. Thepointing device 116 may also be used by the user to select an object that appears within the field ofview 118 such that tracking program residing on thecomputer 102 acknowledges user's selection and initiates tracking of the selected object. - FIG. 2 is an illustration of an exemplary field of
view 200 for a camera highlighting user-defined zones according to the present invention. In this illustration, the environment that themotion video camera 108 is receiving within its field ofview 200 is shown. For the purpose of illustration, the environment contains ahouse 220, atree 230, awalkway 240, and apond 250. There are five different types ofzones Zones Definition Application Tracking Zone Sets the overall surveillance Include only the region region defining pan and tilt in which tracking is limits of camera. The tracker required. does not track nor does it move the camera beyond the tracking zone. Black-out Zone Sets regions within the Reflections, high traffic tracking zone in which areas, machinery, other tracker will not track. The unwanted distractions. tracker does not track any target that moves into a black-out zone, nor does it originate a target within a blackout zone. Exclusion Zone Sets regions within the Trees, machinery, water tracking zone in which tracker and other stationary will not originate a new track reflective surfaces. but that tracked objects may enter and exit. The tracker maintains a track that enters an exclusion zone. Entry Zone Sets region within the tracking Watch doors, windows, zone in which tracker will vehicles and other automatically originate a new assets. track and follow. When the tracker is programmed to search only the entry zone, then this is the only region in which tracks can originate. Privacy Zones Sets regions in the tracking Areas within tracker zone not viewable by the field of view but operator. The tracker requiring privacy from maintains tracking passing camera such as office into and out of privacy zones. windows and homes. - The
tracking zone 208 is shown on the display encompassing thehouse 220, thetree 230, thewalkway 240, and thepond 250. Only for the purpose of illustration is thetracking zone 208 contained within a single field ofview 118. For embodiments using amoveable camera 108, thetracking zone 208 may span several fields of view. Anexclusion zone 250 is shown encompassing that portion of thepond 250 that is within thetracking zone 208. A black-out zone 202 is shown encompassing the leafy portion of thetree 230 which may generate tracking events when the leaves move in the wind. Since in this field ofview 200, it is not anticipated that tracks will not enter into the perimeter, the entire region receives a black-out zone 202 rather than anexclusion zone 204. Anentry zone 206 is shown encompassing the door of thehouse 220. Aprivacy zone 210 is shown encompassing the window of thehouse 220. - FIG. 3 is a zone defining
processing system 120 for defining surveillance zones in the camera's 108 field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention. The zone definingprocessing system 120 has a field of view (FOV)area definer 132 that connects interfaces to various devices (i.e.camera 108,input device 116, and display 104), azone type database 128 and a tracking/monitoring controller 130. Acamera interface 122 receives the video signal in from themotion video camera 108 and passes this signal to theFOV area definer 132. TheFOV area definer 132 can pass this signal directly to adisplay interface 126 to be shown on thedisplay 106 or the signal may be modified to include a graphic overlay containing information on zones within the field of view. - The
FOV area definer 132 may send a zone type selection menu to thedisplay interface 126 to prompt a user to select a zone type using theinput device 116. Thezone type database 128 contains definitions for the different types of zones as well as corresponding actions for each zone type (i.e. do not initiate tracking objects but continue following previous tracks). Indication of a selected zone type is received at ainput device interface 124. - After a zone type has been selected the
FOV area definer 132 provides thedisplay interface 126 with a graphic overlay for the field of view to assist the user in drawing a zone of the selected type. After an indication of a drawn zone has been received through theinput device interface 124, theFOV area definer 132 provides thedisplay interface 126 with a graphic overlay indicating the defined zone. - The tracking/
monitoring controller 130 tracks and monitors defined objects within the field of view. Given a field of view the tracking/monitoring controller 130 consults theFOV area definer 132 to determine a mapping between defined zones and the field of view. TheFOV area definer 132 provides the tracking/monitoring controller 130 with the mapping between defined zones and the field of view as well as a definition of the zone types and the corresponding actions for each zone type. - FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method300 of identifying user-defined zones according to the present invention. All of these zones are shown on the
display 104 as graphic overlays to the video signal in 112 received from thecamera 108 instep 302. An input device such as amouse 116 is provided for selecting a zone type instep 304. The type of zone may be selected, for example, from a menu listing all zone types or applicable zone types given other settings. These zones may be selected and resized instep 306 by a user with amouse 116 or similar pointing device by holding down a mouse button and moving themouse 116 to resize a rectangular region over some portion of the display's image. If the extent of a rectangular region exceeds a single field of view, themouse 116 is moved to any of the four edges or corners of the display which results in the tracking program residing on thecomputer 102 sendingcontrol signal 114 to the pan-tilt-zoom assembly 110 resulting in an altered field of view. The mouse button is released when the desired region is encompassed by a rectangle. After the size of the zone has been drawn instep 306, the method 300 is repeated for multiple instances of zones of a single type, as applicable, as for other types of zones. Multiple overlapping and non overlapping shapes may be used to define more complex zones. Once these regions are defined, the tracker performs in its environment according to the rules that are defined for each type of region. - FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a
general method 400 for video surveillance using the user-defined zones identified by the method 300 in FIG. 4. The video surveillance system continuously monitors a tracking zone (except for any black-out zones) in the field of view formovement 402. When movement is detected 404 subsequent video frames are compared 406 to determine what zone the movement occurred in 408. If the movement is not in a black-out zone or exclusion zone the object is isolated 410 and tracking starts 412. If the movement is in a black-out zone or exclusion zone tracking is not initiated and the video surveillance system continues to monitor the tracking zone formovement 402. While an object is being tracked if it leaves the current field of view and enters a new field ofview 414 thecamera 108 may be moved 418 to center the tracked object in the camera's 108 field of view. Movement of thecamera 108 to maintain a moving object in the field of view is discussed in more detail in applicant's co-pending application related applications entitled “Method and Apparatus for Object Surveillance with a Movable Camera” filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference. If the object enters a black-out zone or exits thetracking zone 416 then tracking stops and the system continues to monitor the tracking zone formovement 402. If the object has not entered a black-out zone or exited the tracking zone then the object continues to be tracked. - If movement is not detected in
step 404 then thecamera 108 is moved to the next field ofview 403 to continue searching formovement 402. - It is apparent to one skilled in the art that numerous modifications and departures from the specific embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (1)
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US09/801,441 US20020008758A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-03-07 | Method and apparatus for video surveillance with defined zones |
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US18817100P | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | |
US09/801,441 US20020008758A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-03-07 | Method and apparatus for video surveillance with defined zones |
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US09/801,484 Expired - Lifetime US7307652B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-03-07 | Method and apparatus for object tracking and detection |
US09/801,483 Expired - Lifetime US6867799B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-03-07 | Method and apparatus for object surveillance with a movable camera |
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US09/801,483 Expired - Lifetime US6867799B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-03-07 | Method and apparatus for object surveillance with a movable camera |
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AU2001247315A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 |
WO2001069931A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
AU2001240100A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 |
US6867799B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
AU2001247302A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 |
US20010035907A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
US7307652B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
WO2001069932A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
WO2001069930A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
US20020030741A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
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