US20020024427A1 - Passive RF-RF entry system for vehicles - Google Patents
Passive RF-RF entry system for vehicles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020024427A1 US20020024427A1 US09/932,816 US93281601A US2002024427A1 US 20020024427 A1 US20020024427 A1 US 20020024427A1 US 93281601 A US93281601 A US 93281601A US 2002024427 A1 US2002024427 A1 US 2002024427A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- entry
- signal strength
- passive
- request
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
- B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
- B60R25/246—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user characterised by the challenge triggering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
- G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
- G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
- G07C2209/60—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00174 - G07C9/00944
- G07C2209/63—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle
Definitions
- This invention relates to a system for preventing unauthorized operation of a vehicle having a passive entry/start system, and in particular one that uses a bi-directional radio frequency, or RF-RF, signal.
- these passive entry/start systems employ a low frequency-radio frequency or LF-RF signal system. That is, the transmission sent from the vehicle to the ID device uses a low frequency (LF) signal and the transmission from the ID device to the vehicle is sent using a radio frequency (RF) signal.
- LF low frequency
- RF radio frequency
- the LF signal is directional, and a distance limited signal.
- LF-RF signal systems perform well, they are expensive in comparison with RF-RF signal systems considered for use in passive entry/start systems.
- a RF-RF signal system can be less expensive because there are fewer antennas required than the LF-RF signal system.
- the LF-RF signal system usually needs antennas at each entry point, such as doors and the trunk, and also in the interior for starting. Further, the RF-RF signal system uses a less expensive type of antenna.
- a method is devised to prevent unauthorized access to a vehicle equipped with a bi-directional, signal passive entry/start system.
- the method comprises a system to measure the signal strength level received by the vehicle's passive entry receiver from the driver's ID device and compare the strength to a prior received signal.
- the signal strength level is measured. This signal strength is used as a threshold value. The signal strength level is stored, and may then be measured periodically. When a request occurs for a change in vehicle status, the vehicle's passive entry control unit compares a new measured signal strength level to the threshold to make a prediction on whether a current request is authorized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the passive entry system of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows vehicle 10 incorporating the inventive passive entry system shown generally at 12 .
- Passive entry system uses a bi-directional radio frequency or RF-RF signal and incorporates a method to measure the signal strength level received by the vehicle's passive entry receiver 14 from the driver's ID device 16 . This is accomplished by using a Received Signal Strength Indicator, or RSSI, as an indicator of the closeness of the ID device.
- RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
- the vehicle's receiver 14 requests a response from any valid nearby ID devices 16 at an appropriate time. Preferably, the request occurs shortly after the vehicle 10 is turned off and locked.
- the signal strength level of the ID device's initial response (RSSI 1 ) is stored in the passive entry control unit 18 . Later, a second signal strength level (RSSI 2 ) of the ID device's response to a second request from the vehicle's passive entry system 12 may be measured again. This procedure may be repeated periodically.
- RSSI 2 Received Signal Strength Indicator
- the vehicle's passive entry system 12 can assume that the ID device 16 has left the immediate area and it can stop interrogating in order to save the battery charge while the vehicle is parked and not running. Later, the vehicle's passive entry control unit 18 compares the signal strength level of a latest response (RSSI x ) when a request for a change in status is received, to a threshold value.
- the threshold value may be a signal strength threshold level which may be the initial response (RSSI 1 ), or the last response (RSSI x ⁇ 1 ), or a computed signal strength level based on earlier responses (f ⁇ RSSI x ⁇ 1 , RSSI x ⁇ 2 , . . . ⁇ ).
- the computed signal strength threshold level may be incorporated with a high-offset constant (C high-offset ) or a low-offset constant (C low-offset ) in order to account for a margin of error.
- the computed signal strength threshold level (RSSI threshold ) could also use temperature as a variable to account for changes in signal strength received over time as temperature changes.
- the difference between the signal strength level of the last response received (RSSI x ) and the threshold signal strength level (RSSI threshold ) incorporating the constant (C) is what will be used to determine whether to grant vehicle entry when the valid ID device 16 is within the range of the vehicle 10 when a request for a chance in status is received.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/227,412, filed Aug. 23, 2000.
- This invention relates to a system for preventing unauthorized operation of a vehicle having a passive entry/start system, and in particular one that uses a bi-directional radio frequency, or RF-RF, signal.
- Modern vehicles are becoming equipped with passive entry/start systems whereby an authorized vehicle operator carries an electronic key or card that contains electronic identifying information. The entry system of the vehicle responds accordingly when the presence of the electronic identifying information, or ID device, is detected. Essentially, these passive systems do not require actuation of any lock, nor the use of any key. Instead, when the operator attempts to pull the door handle open, the vehicle interrogates the area around the vehicle to determine whether a valid ID device is detected. If so, then the door is opened, the ignition started, etc.
- Typically, these passive entry/start systems employ a low frequency-radio frequency or LF-RF signal system. That is, the transmission sent from the vehicle to the ID device uses a low frequency (LF) signal and the transmission from the ID device to the vehicle is sent using a radio frequency (RF) signal. The LF signal is directional, and a distance limited signal.
- While the LF-RF signal systems perform well, they are expensive in comparison with RF-RF signal systems considered for use in passive entry/start systems. A RF-RF signal system can be less expensive because there are fewer antennas required than the LF-RF signal system. The LF-RF signal system usually needs antennas at each entry point, such as doors and the trunk, and also in the interior for starting. Further, the RF-RF signal system uses a less expensive type of antenna.
- The use of a RF-RF signal system in passive entry/start systems, however, presents a challenge in that the signal from the vehicle to the ID device is neither directional, nor significantly distance limited. This can create problems in which a thief can activate the system (by pulling on the door handle, closing a switch, mechanical or capacitive sensing, etc.) and gain unauthorized access to the vehicle when the ID device is left within range (eg: ID device in house and vehicle parked close to house) or when the ID device is left within the vehicle. If the ID device is within range, the thief could enter the car, start the car, and drive away. It would therefore be desirable to provide a passive entry/start system for use in vehicles with a less cost prohibitive bi-directional radio frequency signal that also would not be subject to unauthorized vehicle access and operation.
- In a disclosed embodiment of this invention, a method is devised to prevent unauthorized access to a vehicle equipped with a bi-directional, signal passive entry/start system. The method comprises a system to measure the signal strength level received by the vehicle's passive entry receiver from the driver's ID device and compare the strength to a prior received signal.
- At a time after the vehicle is turned off and locked, the signal strength level is measured. This signal strength is used as a threshold value. The signal strength level is stored, and may then be measured periodically. When a request occurs for a change in vehicle status, the vehicle's passive entry control unit compares a new measured signal strength level to the threshold to make a prediction on whether a current request is authorized.
- These and other features of the present invention can be understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the passive entry system of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth case where vehicle entry is requested.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows
vehicle 10 incorporating the inventive passive entry system shown generally at 12. Passive entry system uses a bi-directional radio frequency or RF-RF signal and incorporates a method to measure the signal strength level received by the vehicle'spassive entry receiver 14 from the driver'sID device 16. This is accomplished by using a Received Signal Strength Indicator, or RSSI, as an indicator of the closeness of the ID device. The vehicle'sreceiver 14 requests a response from any validnearby ID devices 16 at an appropriate time. Preferably, the request occurs shortly after thevehicle 10 is turned off and locked. The signal strength level of the ID device's initial response (RSSI1) is stored in the passiveentry control unit 18. Later, a second signal strength level (RSSI2) of the ID device's response to a second request from the vehicle'spassive entry system 12 may be measured again. This procedure may be repeated periodically. - If no response (or a series of no responses) is received, then the vehicle's
passive entry system 12 can assume that theID device 16 has left the immediate area and it can stop interrogating in order to save the battery charge while the vehicle is parked and not running. Later, the vehicle's passiveentry control unit 18 compares the signal strength level of a latest response (RSSIx) when a request for a change in status is received, to a threshold value. The threshold value may be a signal strength threshold level which may be the initial response (RSSI1), or the last response (RSSIx−1), or a computed signal strength level based on earlier responses (f{RSSIx−1, RSSIx−2, . . . }). - However determined, the computed signal strength threshold level (RSSIthreshold) may be incorporated with a high-offset constant (Chigh-offset) or a low-offset constant (Clow-offset) in order to account for a margin of error. The computed signal strength threshold level (RSSIthreshold) could also use temperature as a variable to account for changes in signal strength received over time as temperature changes.
- In any case, the difference between the signal strength level of the last response received (RSSIx) and the threshold signal strength level (RSSIthreshold) incorporating the constant (C) is what will be used to determine whether to grant vehicle entry when the
valid ID device 16 is within the range of thevehicle 10 when a request for a chance in status is received. - The method for determining whether to grant vehicle entry is accomplished in four cases as shown in FIGS. 2 through 5.
- With respect to FIG. 2, if entry is requested by driver22 (i.e., the door handle is opened) and (RSSIx) is greater than (RSSIthreshold+Chigh-offset), then it is determined by the passive
entry control unit 18 that thedriver ID device 16 has come closer to thevehicle 10 and a signal is sent to avehicle lock control 20 to unlock the vehicle. That is, thedriver 22 withdevice 16 is very close to the vehicle and it can be assumed the request is authorized. - With respect to FIG. 3, if entry is requested by
driver 22 and (RSSIx) is less than (RSSIthreshold+Chigh-offset) and also greater than (RSSIthreshold−Clow-offset), then it is determined by passiveentry control unit 18 that the driver'sID device 16 is the same distance from thevehicle 10. It is assumed that unauthorized entry has been requested and no signal is sent to thevehicle lock control 20. - With respect to FIG. 4, if entry is requested by
driver 22 and (RSSIx) is less than (RSSIthreshold−Clow-offset), then it is determined by passiveentry control unit 18 that the driver'sID device 16 is moving away from thevehicle 10. It is assumed that unauthorized entry has been requested and no signal is sent to thevehicle lock control 20. - With respect to FIG. 5, if entry is requested and a valid signal is received by passive
entry control unit 18 which had previously determined that ID device had left the area, then it is assumed that vehicle entry is to be granted and a signal is sent tovehicle lock control 20 to unlock the vehicle for the identified driver. - A preferred embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, however, a worker in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/932,816 US6396412B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-17 | Passive RF-RF entry system for vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US22741200P | 2000-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | |
US09/932,816 US6396412B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-17 | Passive RF-RF entry system for vehicles |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020024427A1 true US20020024427A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
US6396412B1 US6396412B1 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
Family
ID=22853010
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/932,816 Expired - Fee Related US6396412B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-17 | Passive RF-RF entry system for vehicles |
Country Status (2)
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US (1) | US6396412B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2813257B1 (en) |
Cited By (18)
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US20030228846A1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-11 | Shlomo Berliner | Method and system for radio-frequency proximity detection using received signal strength variance |
US20040100392A1 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-05-27 | Siemens Vdo Automotive | Process for the automatic locking of a vehicle from afar |
US20060119467A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-08 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for localizing a transceiver device |
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US20030228846A1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-11 | Shlomo Berliner | Method and system for radio-frequency proximity detection using received signal strength variance |
US20040100392A1 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-05-27 | Siemens Vdo Automotive | Process for the automatic locking of a vehicle from afar |
US6963268B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2005-11-08 | Siemens Vdo Automotive | Process for the automatic locking of a vehicle from afar |
US20060119467A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-08 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for localizing a transceiver device |
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US10523670B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2019-12-31 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Devices, systems, and methods for security using magnetic field based identification |
US9769165B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2017-09-19 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Devices, systems and methods for security using magnetic field based identification |
US9197636B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2015-11-24 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Devices, systems and methods for security using magnetic field based identification |
CN102890835A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | 现代摩比斯株式会社 | Smart key apparatus for strengthening security and method thereof |
US9558607B2 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2017-01-31 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Relay attack prevention using RSSIPPLX |
US20140169193A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-06-19 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Relay attack prevention |
US20140132391A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Relay Attack Prevention Using RSSIPPLX |
US10142846B2 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2018-11-27 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Relay attack prevention |
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US9396597B2 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-07-19 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Smart entry system |
US20150061830A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-05 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Smart entry system |
US20170085643A1 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Thomson Licensing | System comprising vehicle keys and a docking station, respective vehicle key, docking station, method and computer program |
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US9924318B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-03-20 | Lear Corporation | Passive entry systems employing time of flight distance measurements |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2813257A1 (en) | 2002-03-01 |
US6396412B1 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
FR2813257B1 (en) | 2006-03-31 |
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